Theraceofthefugitivescontinued。AtCenterville，theCongressmenpassedWade。SoonafterwardWadepassedthemforthesecondtime。AboutamileoutofFairfaxCourtHouse，“atthefootofalongdowngrade，thepikeonthenortherlysidewasfencedandranalongafarm。Ontheothersideforaconsiderabledistancewasawood，utterlyimpenetrableformenoranimals，largerthancatsorsquirrels。“HeretheWadecarriagestopped。Thecongressionalcarriagedroveupbesideit。ThetwoblockedanarrowwaywhereasinthecaseofHoratiusatthebridge，“athousandmightwellbestoppedbythree。“Andthen“bluffBenWade“showedthemettlethatwasinhim。The“oldSenator，hishatwellbackonhishead，“sprangoutofhiscarriage，hisrifleinhishand，andcalledtotheothers，“Boys，we’llstopthisdamnedrunaway。“Andtheydidit。Onlysixofthem，buttheylinedupacrossthatnarrowroad；presentedtheirweaponsandthreatenedtoshoot；seizedthebridlesofhorsesandflungthehorsesbackontheirhaunches；checkedapanic-strickenarmy；helditatbay，untiljustwhenitseemedtheywereabouttobeoverwhelmed，militaryreserveshurryingoutfromFairfaxCourtHouse，tookcommandoftheroad。Cool，unpretentiousRiddlecallstheepisode“Wade’sexploit，“andadds“itwasmuchtalkedof。“Thenewspapersdealtwithitextravagantly。[2]
　　Gallantastheincidentwas，itwasallthemilitaryservicethat“Ben“Wadeand“Zach“Chandler——forthustheyareknowninhistory-oversaw。ButonemaybelievethatithadalastingeffectupontheirpointofviewandonthatoftheirfriendLymanTrumbull。Certainitisthatnoneofthethreethereafterhadanydoubtsaboutputtingthemilitarymenintheirplace。AlltheerroroftheirownviewprevioustoBullRunwasforgotten。WadeandChandler，especially，whenmilitaryquestionswereindispute，feltthatnoonepossiblycouldknowmoreofthesubjectthandidthemenwhostoppedtheroutinthenarrowroadbeyondFairfax。
　　ThreeofthosepicnickerswhomissedtheirguessonBullRunSunday，Wade，ChandlerandTrumbull，weredestinedtoimportantpartsinthesternyearsthatweretocome。Beforethecloseoftheyear1861thethreemadeasecondvisittothearmy；andthistimetheykepttogether。Tothatsecondvisitmomentoushappeningsmaybetraced。Howitcameaboutmustbefullyunderstood。
　　Twoofthethree，WadeandChandler，weretemperamentallyincapableofunderstandingLincoln。Bothweremenoffiercesouls；eachhadbutaverylimitedexperience。WadehadbeenacountrylawyerinOhio；Chandler，aprosperousmanufacturerinMichigan。Theywerepartymenbyinstinct，blindtothefaultsoftheirownside，blindtothevirtuesoftheirenemies。Theywererabidforthecontrolofthegovernmentbytheirownorganizedmachine。
　　OfChandler，inMichigan，itwassaidthathe“carriedtheRepublicanorganizationinhisbreechespocket“；partlythroughcontroloftheFederalpatronage，whichLincolnfranklyconcededtohim，partlythrougha“judicioususeofmoney。“[3]
　　Chandler’sfirstclashwithLincolnwasupontheplacethattheRepublicanmachinewastoholdintheconductofthewar。
　　FromthebeginningLincolnwasresolvedthatthewarshouldnotbemerelyapartystruggle。Evenbeforehewasinaugurated，hesaidthathemeanttoholdtheDemocrats“closetotheAdministrationonthenakedUnionissue。“[4]Hehadadded，“Wemustmakeiteasyforthem“tosupportthegovernment“becausewecan’tlivethroughthecasewithoutthem。“Thiswasthefoundationofhisattempt——soobviousbetweenthelinesofthefirstmessage——tocreateanall-partiesgovernment。This，Chandlerviolentlyopposed。ViolencewasalwaysChandler’snote，somuchsothatascornfulopponentoncecalledhim“Xantippeinpants。“
　　LincolnhadgivenChandleracauseofoffenseinMcClellan’selevationtotheheadofthearmy。*McClellanwasaDemocrat。
　　TherecanbelittledoubtthatLincolntookthefactintoaccountinselectinghim。Shortlybefore，LincolnhadaimedtoplacatetheRepublicansbyshowinghighhonortotheirpopularhero，Fremont。
　　*StrictlyspeakinghedidnotbecomeheadofthearmyuntiltheretirementofScottinNovember。Practically，hewassupremealmostfromthemomentofhisarrivalinWashington。
　　WhenthecatastropheoccurredatBullRun，Fremontwasamajor-generalcommandingtheWesternDepartmentwithheadquartersatSt。Louis。Hewasoneofthesameviolentroot-and-branchwingoftheRepublicans——theRadicalsofalatterday——ofwhichChandlerwasaleader。ThetemperofthatwinghadalreadybeenrevealedbySenatorBakerinhisstartlingpronouncement：“WeoftheNorthcontroltheUnion，andwearegoingtogovernourownUnioninourownway。
　　Chandlerwassoontoexpressitstillmoreexactly，saying，“A
　　rebelhassacrificedallhisrights。Hehasnorighttolife，libertyorthepursuitofhappiness。“[5]HerewasthatpurposetonarrowingnationalismintoNorthernism，eventoradicalism，andtomakethewaranoutletforasectionalferocity，whichLincolnwassofirmlydeterminedtoprevent。Allthingsconsidered，thefactthatonthedayfollowingBullRunhedidnotsummontheRepublicanherotoWashington，thathedidsummonaDemocrat，wassignificant。Itopenedhislongduelwiththeextremists。
　　ThevindictiveSpiritoftheextremistshadbeenrebuffedbyLincolninanotherway。ShortlyafterBullRun，WadeandChandlerappealedtoLincolntocalloutnegrosoldiers。
　　ChandlersaidthathedidnotcarewhetherornothiswouldproduceaservileinsurrectionintheSouth。Lincoln’srefusalmadeanothercountinthescoreoftheextremistsagainsthim。[6]
　　Duringthelatesummerof1861，Chandler，Wade，Trumbull，wereallbusilyorganizingtheirforcesforanattackontheAdministration。Trumbull，indeed，seemedoutofplaceinthatterriblecompany。Intime，hefoundthathewasoutofplace。
　　AtacrucialmomenthecameovertoLincoln。ButnotuntilhehaddoneyeomanservicewithLincoln’sbitterestenemies。
　　ThecluetohisearliercoursewasanhonestconvictionthatLincoln，thoughwell-intentioned，wasweak。[7]WasthisthenemesisofLincoln’spliabilityinactionduringthefirststageofhisPresidency？Itmaybe。ThefirminnerLincoln，theunyieldingthinkerofthefirstmessage，wasnotappreciatedevenbywell-meaningmenlikeTrumbull。TheinnerandtheouterLincolnwerestilldisconnected。Andtheouter，inhiscaution，inhiswillingnesstobeinstructed，inhisoppositiontoextrememeasures，madetheinevitableimpressionthattemperancemakesuponfury，cautionuponrashness。
　　Throughoutthelatesummer，Lincolnwasthetargetofmanyattacks，chieflyfromtheAbolitionists。Somehow，inthepreviousspring，theyhadgotitintotheirheadsthatathearthewasoneofthem，thathewaitedonlyforavictorytodeclarethewaracrusadeofabolition。[8]WhenthecrisispassedandaDemocratwasputattheheadofthearmy，whileFremontwasleftintherelativeobscurityofSt。Louis，Abolitionbitternessbecamevoluble。TheCrittendenResolutionwasscoffedatasan“ill-timedrevivalofthepolicyofconciliation。“ThreatsagainsttheAdministrationrevived，takingtheoldformofdemandsforawhollynewCabinetThekeener-sightedAbolitionistshadbeenalarmedbythefirstmessage，bywhatseemedtothemitsominoussilenceastoslavery。LateinJuly，Emersonsaidinconversation，“IftheUnionisincapableofsecuringuniversalfreedom，itsdisruptionwereasthebreakingupofafrog-pond。“[9]AnoutcrywasraisedbecauseFederalgeneralsdidnotdeclarefreealltheslaveswhoinanywaycameintotheirhands。TheAbolitionistsfoundnosolaceintheFirstConfiscationActwhichprovidedthatanownershouldlosehisclaimtoaslave，hadtheslavebeenusedtoassisttheConfederategovernment。
　　Theywereenragedbyanorder，earlyinAugust，informinggeneralsthatitwasthePresident’sdesire“thatallexistingrightsinalltheStatesbefullyrespectedandmaintained；incasesoffugitivesfromtheloyalSlaveStates，theenforcementoftheFugitiveSlaveLawbytheordinaryformsofjudicialproceedingsmustberespectedbythemilitaryauthorities；inthedisloyalStatestheConfiscationActofCongressmustbeyourguide。“[10]Especially，theAbolitionistswereangeredbecauseofLincoln’scarefortheformsoflawinthoseSlaveStatesthathadnotseceded。Theyventedtheirbitternessinafamoussneer——“ThePresidentwouldliketohaveGodonhisside，buthemusthaveKentucky。“
　　Anewtemperwasformingthroughouttheland。ItwasnotmerelytheoldAbolitionism。Itwasablendofallthoseelementsofviolentfeelingwhichwarinevitablyreleases；itwastheconcentrationofalltheseelementsontheissueofAbolitionasuponaterribleweapon；itwastheresurrectionofthatprimitiveblood-lustwhichliesdormantineverypeacefulnationlikeasleepingbeast。Thisdreadfulpowerroseoutofitssleepandconfronted，menacing，thestatesmanwhoofallourstatesmenwasmostkeenlyawareofitsevil，mostdeterminedtoputitunderortoperishintheattemptWithitsappearance，thedeepestofalltheissuesinvolved，accordingtoLincoln’swayofthinking，wasbroughttoahead。WastheRepublictoissuefromthewaraworthyoranunworthynation？
　　ThatwasprettydefinitelyaquestionofwhetherAbrahamLincolnor，say，ZacharyChandler，wastocontrolitspolicy。
　　Avain，weakmanprecipitatedtheinevitablestrugglebetweenthesetwo。Fremonthadbeenflatteredtotheskies。Heconceivedhimselfagenius。Hewaspersuadedthatthepartyofthenewtemper，themenwhomayfairlybecalledtheVindictives，werelordsoftheascendent。Hemistooktheirvolubilityforthevoiceofthenation。HedeterminedtodefyLincoln。Heissuedaproclamationfreeingtheslavesofallwhohad“takenanactivepart“withtheenemiesoftheUnitedStatesinthefield。Hesetupa“bureauofabolition。“
　　LincolnfirstheardofFremont’sproclamationthroughthenewspapers。Hisinstantactionwastakeninhisownextraordinarilygentleway。“Ithinkthereisgreatdanger，“
　　hewrote，“thattheclosingparagraphofFremont’sproclamationinrelationtotheconfiscationofpropertyandtheliberatingofslavesoftraitorousowners，willalarmourSouthernUnionfriendsandturnthemagainstus；perhapsruinourratherfairprospectforKentucky。Allowme，therefore，toaskthatyouwill，asofyourownmotion，modifythatparagraphsoastoconform“totheConfiscationAct。Headded，“ThisletteriswrittenintheSpiritofcaution，notofcensure。“[11]
　　Fremontwasnotthemantounderstandinstructionofthissort。
　　HewouldmakenocompromisewiththePresident。IfLincolnwishedtogooverhisheadandrescindhisorderlethimdoso-andtaketheconsequences。Lincolnquietlydidso。HisbattlewiththeVindictiveswason。Foramomentitseemedasifhehaddestroyedhiscause。Soloudwastheoutcryofthevolublepeople，thatanyonemighthavebeenexcusedmomentarilyforthinkingthatalltheNorthhadrisenagainsthim。Greatmeetingsofprotestwereheld。Eminentmen——evensuchfinenaturesasBryant——condemnedhiscourse。Inthewakeoftheincident，whenitwasimpossibletosayhowsignificanttheoutcryreallywas，Chandler，whowasstaunchforFremont，beganhisactiveinterferencewiththemanagementofthearmy。
　　McClellanhadinsistedonplentyoftimeinwhichtodrillthenewthree-yearrecruitswhowerepouringintoWashington。HedidnotproposetorepeattheexperienceofGeneralMcDowell。
　　Ontheotherhand，Chandlerwasbentonforcinghimintoaction。He，WadeandTrumbullcombined，attemptingtobringthingstopassinawaytosuitthemselvesandtheirfaction。
　　Tothesemenandtheirfollowers，cleveryoungHaygavetheaptnameof“TheJacobinClub。“
　　Theybegantheircampaignbytheirsecondvisittothearmy。
　　Wadewastheirchiefspokesman。HeurgedMcClellantoadvanceatonce；toriskanunsuccessfulbattleratherthancontinuetostandstill；thecountrywantedsomethingdone；adefeatcouldeasilyberepairedbytheswarmingrecruits。[12]
　　ThiscallousattitudegotnoresponsefromtheCommandingGeneral。ThethreeSenatorsturneduponLincoln。“Thisevening，“writesHayinhisdiaryonOctobertwenty-sixth，“theJacobinClubrepresentedbyTrumbull，ChandlerandWade，cameouttoworrytheAdministrationintoabattle。Theagitationofthesummeristoberenewed。ThePresidentdefendedMcClellan’sdeliberateness。Thenextnight“wewentovertoSeward’sandfoundChandlerandWadethere。“Theyrepeatedtheirrecklesstalk；abattlemustbefought；defeatwouldbenoworsethandelay；“andagreatdealmoretrash。“
　　ButLincolnwasnottobemoved。HeandHaycalleduponMcClellan。ThePresidentdeprecatedthisnewmanifestationofpopularimpatience，butsaiditwasarealityandshouldbetakenintoaccount。“Atthesametime，General，“saidhe，“youmustnotfightuntilyouareready。“[13]
　　AtthismomentofextremetensionoccurredthefamousincidentoftheseizureoftheConfederateenvoys，MasonandSlidell，whowerepassengersontheBritishmerchantship，theTrent。