"Dearsister,"sayshe,"youobserveverywell,andIwishthecontinuanceofmyspeechforafewmoments,thatImightmakeanampledeclarationuponthataccount。ButIfindthatcannotbe;myspeechisleavingmesofastthatIcanonlytellyouthatIhavealwayslived,andnowdie,anunworthymemberoftheancientcatholicandapostolicchurch;andastomyfaithandprinciples,I
referyoutomypapers,which,Ihope,willinsomemeasurevindicatemeagainstthereflectionsyoumention。"
Hehadhardlyfinishedhisdiscoursetohissisterandhertwofriends,andgivensomeshortdirectionsrelatingtohisburial,buthisspeechlefthim;andwhatmakesthethingthemoreremarkable,itwentaway,inallappearance,withoutgivinghimanysortofpainoruneasiness。
Whenheperceivedthathisspeechwasentirelyvanished,andthathewasagaininhisoriginalstateofdumbness,hetookhispenasformerlyandwrotetohissister,signifyingthatwhereasthesuddenlossofhisspeechhaddeprivedhimoftheopportunitytospeaktoherandherfriendswhatheintended,hewouldleaveitfortheminwriting,andsodesiredhemightnotbedisturbedtillthereturnofhisfit,whichheexpectedinsixhoursatfarthest。
Accordingtohisdesiretheyalllefthim,andthen,withthegreatestresignationimaginable,hewrotedownthemeditationsfollowing:
PARTII
AnAbstractofhisFaith,andthePrinciplesofhisReligion&c。,whichbeginsthus:
DearSister;Ithankyouforputtingmeinmindtomakeadeclarationofmyfaith,andtheprinciplesofmyreligion。I
find,asyouverywellobserve,Ihavebeenundersomereflectionsuponthataccount,andthereforeIthinkithighlyrequisitethatI
setthatmatterrightinthefirstplace。Tobegin,therefore,withmyfaith,inwhichIintendtobeasshortandascomprehensiveasIcan:
1。ImostfirmlybelievethatitwastheeternalwillofGod,andtheresultofhisinfinitewisdom,tocreateaworld,andforthegloryofhismajestytomakeseveralsortsofcreaturesinorderanddegreeoneafteranother;thatistosay,angels,orpureimmortalspirits;men,consistingofimmortalspiritsandmatter,havingrationalandsensitivesouls;brutes,havingmortalandsensitivesouls;andmerevegetatives,suchastrees,plants,&c。;
andthesecreaturessomadedo,asitwere,claspthehigherandlowerworldtogether。
2。IbelievetheholyScriptures,andeverythingthereincontained,tobethepureandessentialwordofGod;andthat,accordingtothesesacredwritings,man,thelordandprinceofthecreation,byhisdisobedienceinParadise,forfeitedhisinnocenceandthedignityofhisnature,andsubjectedhimselfandallhisposteritytosinandmisery。
3。Ibelieveandamfullyandentirelysatisfied,thatGodtheFather,outofhisinfinitegoodnessandcompassiontomankind,waspleasedtosendhisonlySon,thesecondpersonintheholyandundividedTrinity,tomeditateforhim,andtoprocurehisredemptionandeternalsalvation。
4。IbelievethatGodtheSon,outofhisinfinitelove,andforthegloryoftheDeity,waspleasedvoluntarilyandfreelytodescendfromheaven,andtotakeournatureuponhim,andtoleadanexemplarylifeofpurity,holiness,andperfectobedience,andatlasttosufferanignominiousdeathuponthecross,forthesinsofthewholeworld,andtoriseagainthethirddayforourjustification。
5。IbelievethattheHolyGhostoutofhisinfinitegoodnesswaspleasedtoundertaketheofficeofsanctifyinguswithhisdivinegrace,andtherebyassistinguswithfaithtobelieve,willtodesire,andpowertodoallthosethingsthatarerequiredofusinthisworld,inordertoentitleustotheblessingsofjustmenmadeperfectintheworldtocome。
6。Ibelievethatthesethreepersonsareofequalpower,majesty,andduration,andthattheGodheadoftheFather,oftheSon,andoftheHolyGhostisallone,andthattheyareequallyuncreate,incomprehensible,eternal,andalmighty;andthatnoneisgreaterorlessthantheother,butthateveryonehathoneandthesamedivinenatureandperfections。
These,sister,arethedoctrineswhichhavebeenreceivedandpractisedbythebestmenofeveryage,fromthebeginningoftheChristianreligiontothisday,anditisuponthisIgroundmyfaithandhopesofsalvation,notdoubtingbut,ifmylifeandpracticehavebeenanswerabletothem,thatIshallbequicklytranslatedoutofthiskingdomofdarkness,outofthisworldofsorrow,vexationandconfusion,intothatblessedkingdom,whereI
shallceasetogrieveandtosuffer,andshallbehappytoalleternity。
Astomyprinciplesinreligion,tobeasbriefasIcan,IdeclaremyselftobeamemberofChrist’schurch,whichItaketobeauniversalsocietyofallChristianpeople,distributedunderlawfulgovernorsandpastorsintoparticularchurches,holdingcommunionwitheachotherinalltheessentialsoftheChristianfaith,worship,anddiscipline;andamongtheseIlookupontheChurchofEnglandtobethechiefandbestconstituted。
TheChurchofEnglandisdoubtlessthegreatbulwarkoftheancientCatholicorApostolicfaithallovertheworld;achurchthathasallthespiritualadvantagesthatthenatureofachurchiscapableof。FromthedoctrineandprinciplesoftheChurchofEngland,wearetaughtloyaltytoourprince,fidelitytoourcountry,andjusticetoallmankind;andtherefore,asIlookuponthistobeoneofthemostexcellentbranchesoftheChurchUniversal,andstands,asitwere,betweensuperstitionandhypocrisy,Ithereforedeclare,forthesatisfactionofyouandyourfriends,asIhavealwayslivedsoInowdie,atrueandsincere,thoughamostunworthymemberofit。Andastomydiscontinuanceofmyattendanceatthepublicworship,Ireferyoutomypapers,whichI
haveleftwithmyworthyfriend,Mr。Barlow。Andthus,mydearsister,Ihavegivenyouashortaccountofmyfaith,andtheprinciplesofmyreligion。Icome,inthenextplace,tolaybeforeyouafewmeditationsandobservationsIhaveatseveraltimescollectedtogether,moreparticularlythosesincemyretirementtoSt。Helen’s。
MeditationsandObservationsrelatingtotheConductofHumanLifeingeneral。
1。Rememberhowoftenyouhaveneglectedthegreatdutiesofreligionandvirtue,andslightedtheopportunitiesthatProvidencehasputintoyourhands;and,withal,thatyouhaveasetperiodassignedyouforthemanagementoftheaffairsofhumanlife;andthenreflectseriouslythat,unlessyouresolveimmediatelytoimprovethelittleremains,thewholemustnecessarilyslipawayinsensibly,andthenyouarelostbeyondrecovery。
2。Letanunaffectedgravity,freedom,justice,andsincerityshinethroughallyouractions,andletnofanciesandchimerasgivetheleastchecktothoseexcellentqualities。Thisisaneasytask,ifyouwillbutsupposeeverythingyoudotobeyourlast,andifyoucankeepyourpassionsandappetitesfromcrossingyourreason。Standclearofrashness,andhavenothingofinsincerityorself—lovetoinfectyou。
3。Manageallyourthoughtsandactionswithsuchprudenceandcircumspectionasifyouweresensibleyouwerejustgoingtostepintothegrave。Alittlethinkingwillshowamanthevanityanduncertaintyofallsublunarythings,andenablehimtoexaminematurelythemannerofdying;which,ifdulyabstractedfromtheterroroftheidea,willappearnothingmorethananunavoidableappendixoflifeitself,andapurenaturalaction。
4。Considerthatill—usagefromsomesortofpeopleisinamannernecessary,andthereforedonotbedisquietedaboutit,butratherconcludethatyouandyourenemyarebothmarchingoffthestagetogether,andthatinalittletimeyourverymemorieswillbeextinguished。
5。Amongyourprincipalobservationsuponhumanlife,letitbealwaysonetotakenoticewhatagreatdealbothoftimeandeasethatmangainswhoisnottroubledwiththespiritofcuriosity,wholetshisneighbours’affairsalone,andconfineshisinspectionstohimself,andonlytakescareofhonestyandagoodconscience。
6。Ifyouwouldliveatyourease,andasmuchaspossiblebefreefromtheincumbrancesoflife,managebutafewthingsatonce,andletthose,too,besuchasareabsolutelynecessary。Bythisruleyouwilldrawthebulkofyourbusinessintoanarrowcompass,andhavethedoublepleasureofmakingyouractionsgood,andfewintothebargain。
7。Hethattormentshimselfbecausethingsdonothappenjustashewouldhavethem,isbutasortofulcerintheworld;andhethatisselfish,narrow—souled,andsetsupforaseparateinterest,isakindofvoluntaryoutlaw,anddisincorporateshimselffrommankind。
8。Neverthinkanythingbelowyouwhichreasonandyourowncircumstancesrequire,andneversufferyourselftobedeterredbytheill—groundednotionsofcensureandreproach;butwhenhonestyandconsciencepromptyoutosayordoanything,doitboldly;
neverbalkyourresolutionorstartattheconsequence。
9。Ifamandoesmeaninjury,whatisthattome?Itishisownaction,andlethimaccountforit。Asforme,Iaminmyproperstation,andonlydoingthebusinessthatProvidencehasallotted;
andwithal,Ioughttoconsiderthatthebestwaytorevenge,isnottoimitatetheinjury。
10。Whenyouhappentoberuffledandputoutofhumourbyanycrossaccident,retireimmediatelyintoyourreason,anddonotsufferyourpassiontooverruleyouamoment;forthesooneryourecoveryourselfnow,thebetteryouwillbeabletoguardyourselfforthefuture。
11。Donotbelikethoseill—naturedpeoplethat,thoughtheydonotlovetogiveagoodwordtotheircontemporaries,yetaremightyfondoftheirowncommendations。Thisarguesaperverseandunjusttemper,andoftenexposestheauthorstoscornandcontempt。
12。Ifanyoneconvincesyouofanerror,changeyouropinionandthankhimforit:truthandinformationareyourbusiness,andcanneverhurtanybody。Onthecontrary,hethatisproudandstubborn,andwilfullycontinuesinamistake,itishethatreceivesthemischief。
13。Becauseyouseeathingdifficult,donotinstantlyconcludeittobeimpossibletomasterit。Diligenceandindustryareseldomdefeated。Look,therefore,narrowlyintothethingitself,andwhatyouobserveproperandpracticableinanother,concludelikewisewithinyourownpower。
14。Theprincipalbusinessofhumanlifeisrunthroughwithintheshortcompassoftwenty—fourhours;andwhenyouhavetakenadeliberateviewofthepresentage,youhaveseenasmuchasifyouhadbegunwiththeworld,therestbeingnothingelsebutanendlessroundofthesamethingoverandoveragain。
15。Bringyourwilltoyourfate,andsuityourmindtoyourcircumstances。Loveyourfriendsandforgiveyourenemies,anddojusticetoallmankind,andyouwillbesecuretomakeyourpassageeasy,andenjoymostofthecomfortshumanlifeiscapabletoaffordyou。
16。Whenyouhaveamindtoentertainyourselfinyourretirements,letitbewiththegoodqualificationsofyourfriendsandacquaintance。Thinkwithpleasureandsatisfactionuponthehonourandbraveryofone,themodestyofanother,thegenerosityofathird,andsoon;therebeingnothingmorepleasantanddivertingthanthelivelyimagesandtheadvantagesofthoseweloveandconversewith。
17。Asnothingcandepriveyouoftheprivilegesofyournature,orcompelyoutoactcountertoyourreason,sonothingcanhappentoyoubutwhatcomesfromProvidence,andconsistswiththeinterestoftheuniverse。
18。Letpeople’stonguesandactionsbewhattheywill,yourbusinessistohavehonourandhonestyinyourview。Letthemrail,revile,censure,andcondemn,ormakeyouthesubjectoftheirscornandridicule,whatdoesitallsignify?Youhaveonecertainremedyagainstalltheirmaliceandfolly,andthatis,tolivesothatnobodyshallbelievethem。
19。Alas,poormortals!didwerightlyconsiderourownstateandcondition,weshouldfinditwouldnotbelongbeforewehaveforgotalltheworld,andtobeeven,thatalltheworldwillhaveforgotuslikewise。
20。Hethatwouldrecommendhimselftothepublic,lethimdoitbythecandourandmodestyofhisbehaviour,andbyagenerousindifferencetoexternaladvantages。Lethimlovemankind,andresigntoProvidence,andthenhisworkswillfollowhim,andhisgoodactionswillpraisehiminthegate。
21。Whenyouhearadiscourse,letyourunderstanding,asfaraspossible,keeppacewithit,andleadyouforwardtothosethingswhichfallmostwithinthecompassofyourownobservations。
22。Whenviceandtreacheryshallberewarded,andvirtueandabilityslightedanddiscountenanced;whenministersofstateshallratherfearmanthanGod,andtoscreenthemselvesrunintopartiesandfactions;whennoiseandclamour,andscandalousreportsshallcarryeverythingbeforethem,itisnaturaltoconcludethatanationinsuchastateofinfatuationstandsuponthebrinkofdestruction,andwithouttheinterventionofsomeunforeseenaccident,mustbeinevitablyruined。
23。Whenaprinceisguardedbywiseandhonestmen,andwhenallpublicofficersaresuretoberewardediftheydowell,andpunishediftheydoevil,theconsequenceisplain;justiceandhonestywillflourish,andmenwillbealwayscontriving,notforthemselves,butforthehonourandinterestoftheirkingandcountry。
24。Wickedmenmaysometimesgounpunishedinthisworld,butwickednationsneverdo;becausethisworldistheonlyplaceofpunishmentofwickednations,thoughnotforprivateandparticularpersons。
25。Anadministrationthatismerelyfoundeduponhumanpolicymustbealwayssubjecttohumanchance;butthatwhichisfoundedonthedivinewisdomcannomoremiscarrythanthegovernmentofheaven。Togovernbypartiesandfactionsistheadviceofanatheist,andsetsupagovernmentbythespiritofSatan。Insuchagovernmenttheprincecanneverbesecureunderthegreatestpromises,since,asmen’sinterestchanges,sowilltheirdutyandaffectionslikewise。
26。Itisaveryancientobservation,andaverytrueone,thatpeoplegenerallydespisewheretheyflatter,andcringetothosetheydesigntobetray;sothattruthandceremonyare,andalwayswillbe,twodistinctthings。
27。Whenyoufindyourfriendinanerror,undeceivehimwithsecrecyandcivility,andlethimseehisoversightfirstbyhintsandglances;andifyoucannotconvincehim,leavehimwithrespect,andlaythefaultuponyourownmanagement。
28。Whenyouareunderthegreatestvexations,thenconsiderthathumanlifelastsbutforamoment;anddonotforgetbutthatyouareliketherestoftheworld,andfaultyyourselfinmanyinstances;andwithal,rememberthatangerandimpatienceoftenprovemoremischievousthantheprovocation。
29。Gentlenessandgoodhumourareinvincible,providedtheyarewithouthypocrisyanddesign;theydisarmthemostbarbarousandsavagetempers,andmakeevenmaliceashamedofitself。
30。Inalltheactionsoflifeletitbeyourfirstandprincipalcaretoguardagainstangerontheonehand,andflatteryontheother,fortheyarebothunserviceablequalities,anddoagreatdealofmischiefinthegovernmentofhumanlife。
31。Whenamanturnsknaveorlibertine,andgiveswaytofear,jealousy,andfitsofthespleen;whenhismindcomplainsofhisfortune,andhequitsthestationinwhichProvidencehasplacedhim,heactsperfectlycountertohumanity,desertshisownnature,and,asitwere,runsawayfromhimself。
32。Benotheavyinbusiness,disturbedinconversation,norimpertinentinyourthoughts。Letyourjudgmentberight,youractionsfriendly,andyourmindcontented;letthemcurseyou,threatenyou,ordespiseyou;letthemgoon;theycanneverinjureyourreasonoryourvirtue,andthenalltherestthattheycandotoyousignifiesnothing。
33。Theonlypleasureofhumanlifeisdoingthebusinessofthecreation;andwhichwayisthattobecompassedveryeasily?Mostcertainlybythepracticeofgeneralkindness,byrejectingtheimportunityofoursenses,bydistinguishingtruthfromfalsehood,andbycontemplatingtheworksoftheAlmighty。
34。Besuretomindthatwhichliesbeforeyou,whetheritbethought,word,oraction;andneverpostponeanopportunity,ormakevirtuewaitforyoutillto—morrow。
35。Whatevertendsneithertotheimprovementofyourreasonnorthebenefitofsociety,thinkitbelowyou;andwhenyouhavedoneanyconsiderableservicetomankind,donotlessenitbyyourfollyingapingafterreputationandrequital。
36。Whenyoufindyourselfsleepyinamorning,rouseyourself,andconsiderthatyouareborntobusiness,andthatindoinggoodinyourgeneration,youansweryourcharacterandactlikeaman;
whereassleepandidlenessdobutdegradeyou,andsinkyoudowntoabrute。
37。Amindthathasnothingofhope,orfear,oraversion,ordesire,toweakenanddisturbit,isthemostimpregnablesecurity。
Hitherwemaywithsafetyretireanddefyourenemies;andhethatseesnotthisadvantagemustbeextremelyignorant,andhethatforgetsitunhappy。
38。Donotdisturbyourselfaboutthefaultsofotherpeople,butleteverybody’scrimesbeattheirowndoor。Havealwaysthisgreatmaximinyourremembrance,thattoplaytheknaveistorebelagainstreligion;allsortsofinjusticebeingnolessthanhightreasonagainstHeavenitself。
39。Donotcontemndeath,butmeetitwithadecentandreligiousfortitude,andlookuponitasoneofthosethingswhichProvidencehasordered。Ifyouwantacordialtomaketheapprehensionsofdyinggodownalittlethemoreeasily,considerwhatsortofworldandwhatsortofcompanyyouwillpartwith。Toconclude,dobutlookseriouslyintotheworld,andthereyouwillseemultitudesofpeoplepreparingforfunerals,andmourningfortheirfriendsandacquaintances;andlookoutagainalittleafterwards,andyouwillseeothersdoingtheverysamethingforthem。
40。Inshort,menarebutpoortransitorythings。To—daytheyarebusyandharassedwiththeaffairsofhumanlife;andto—morrowlifeitselfistakenfromthem,andtheyarereturnedtotheiroriginaldustandashes。
PARTIII
ContainingpropheticobservationsrelatingtotheaffairsofEuropeandofGreatBritain,moreparticularlyfrom1720to1729。
1。Inthelatterendof1720,aneminentoldladyshallbringforthfivesonsatabirth;theyoungestshallliveandgrowuptomaturity,butthefoureldestshalleitherdieinthenursery,orbeallcarriedoffbyonesuddenandunexpectedaccident。
2。AboutthistimeamanwithadoubleheadshallarriveinBritainfromthesouth。Oneoftheseheadsshalldelivermessagesofgreatimportancetothegoverningparty,andtheothertothepartythatisoppositetothem。Thefirstshallbelievethemonster,butthelastshalldiscovertheimpostor,andsohappilydisengagethemselvesfromasnarethatwaslaidtodestroythemandtheirposterity。Afterthisthetwoheadsshallunite,andthemonstershallappearinhispropershape。
3。Intheyear1721,aphilosopherfromLowerGermanyshallcome,firsttoAmsterdaminHolland,andafterwardstoLondon。Hewillbringwithhimaworldofcuriosities,andamongthemapretendedsecretforthetransmutationofmetals。Undertheumbrageofthismightysecretheshallpassupontheworldforsometime;butatlengthheshallbedetected,andprovedtobenothingbutanempiricandacheat,andsoforcedtosneakoff,andleavethepeoplehehasdeluded,eithertobemoantheirloss,orlaughattheirownfolly。N。B。—Thiswillbethelastofhissectthatwilleverventureinthispartoftheworlduponthesameerrand。
4。Inthisyeargreatendeavourswillbeusedforprocuringageneralpeace,whichshallbesonearaconclusionthatpublicrejoicingsshallbemadeatthecourtsofseveralgreatpotentatesuponthataccount;butjustinthecriticaljuncture,acertainneighbouringprinceshallcometoaviolentdeath,whichshalloccasionnewwarandcommotionalloverEurope;buttheseshallcontinuebutforashorttime,andatlastterminateintheutterdestructionofthefirstaggressors。
5。Towardsthecloseofthisyearofmysteries,apersonthatwasbornblindshallhavehissightrestored,andshallseeravensperchupontheheadsoftraitors,amongwhichtheheadofanotoriousprelateshallstanduponthehighestpole。
6。Intheyear1722,thereshallbeagrandcongress,andnewoverturesofpeaceofferedbymostoftheprincipalpartiesconcernedinthewar,whichshallhavesogoodeffectthatacessationofarmsshallbeagreeduponforsixmonths,whichshallbekeptinviolabletillacertaingeneral,eitherthroughtreacheryorinadvertency,shallbeginhostilitiesbeforetheexpirationoftheterm;uponwhichtheinjuredprinceshalldrawhissword,andthrowthescabbardintothesea,vowingnevertoreturnittillheshallobtainsatisfactionforhimself,anddonejusticetoallthatwereoppressed。
7。Atthecloseofthisyear,afamousbridgeshallbebrokendown,andthewaterthatrunsunderitshallbetincturedwiththebloodoftwonotoriousmalefactors,whoseunexpecteddeathshallmakemightyalterationsinthepresentstateofaffairs,andputastoptotheruinofanation,whichmustotherwisehavebeenunavoidable。
8。1723beginswithplots,conspiracies,andintestinecommotionsinseveralcountries;norshallGreatBritainitselfbefreefromthecalamity。Theseshallcontinuetillacertainyoungprinceshalltakethereinsofgovernmentintohisownhands;andafterthat,amarriageshallbeproposed,andanallianceconcludedbetweentwogreatpotentates,whoshalljointheirforces,andendeavour,ingoodearnest,tosetallmattersuponarightfoundation。
9。Thisyearseveralcardinalsandprelatesshallbepubliclycensuredforhereticalprinciples,andshallnarrowlyescapefrombeingtorntopiecesbythecommonpeople,whostilllookuponthemasthegranddisturbersofpublictranquillity,perfectincendiaries,andthechiefpromotersoftheirformer,present,andfuturecalamities。
10。In1724—5therewillbemanytreatiesandnegociations,andGreatBritain,particularly,willbecrowdedwithforeignministersandambassadorsfromremoteprincesandstates。Tradeandcommercewillbegintoflourishandrevive,andeverythingwillhaveacomfortableprospect,untilsomedesperadoes,assistedbyamonsterwithmanyheads,shallstartnewdifficulties,andputtheworldagainintoaflame;buttheseshallbebutofshortduration。
11。Beforetheexpirationof1725,aneaglefromthenorthshallflydirectlytothesouth,andperchuponthepalaceofaprince,andfirstunravelthebloodyprojectsanddesignsofawickedsetofpeople,andthenpubliclydiscoverthemurderofagreatking,andtheintendedassassinationofanothergreaterthanhe。
12。In1726,threeprinceswillbebornthatwillgrowuptobemen,andinheritthecrownsofthreeofthegreatestmonarchiesinEurope。
13。Aboutthistimethepopewilldie,andafteragreatmanyintriguesandstruggles,aSpanishcardinalshallbeelected,whoshalldeclinethedignity,anddeclarehismarriagewithagreatlady,heiressofoneofthechiefprincipalitiesinItaly,whichmayoccasionnewtroublesinEurope,ifnottimelyprevented。
14。In1727,newtroublesshallbreakoutinthenorth,occasionedbythesuddendeathofacertainprince,andtheavariceandambitionofanother。PoorPolandseemstobepointedat;buttheprincesofthesouthshallenterintoaconfederacytopreserveher,andshallatlengthrestoreherpeace,andpreventtheperpetualruinofherconstitution。
15。Greatendeavourswillbeusedaboutthistimeforacomprehensioninreligion,supportedbycraftyanddesigningmen,andapartyofmistakenzealots,whichtheyshallartfullydrawintojoinwiththem;butastheprojectisill—concerted,andwillbeworsemanaged,itwillcometonothing;andsoonafterwardsaneffectualmodewillbetakentopreventthelikeattemptforthefuture。
16。1728willbeayearofinquiryandretrospection。Manyexorbitantgrantswillbereassumed,andseveralpersonswhothoughtthemselvessecurewillbecalledbeforethesenate,andcompelledtodisgorgewhattheyhaveunjustlypillagedeitherfromthecrownorthepublic。
17。Aboutthistimeanewscaffoldwillbeerectedupontheconfinesofacertaingreatcity,whereanoldcountofanewextraction,thathasbeenofallpartiesandtruetonone,willbedoomedbyhispeerstomakehisfirstappearance。Afterthisanoldladywhohasoftenbeenexposedtodangeranddisgrace,andsometimesbroughttotheverybrinkofdestruction,willbebroughttobedofthreedaughtersatonce,whichtheyshallcallPlenty,Peace,andUnion;andthesethreeshallliveandgrowuptogether,bethegloryoftheirmother,andthecomfortofposterityformanygenerations。
Thisisthesubstanceofwhatheeitherwritorextractedfromhispapersintheintervalbetweenthelossofhisspeechandthereturnofhisfit,whichhappenedexactlyatthetimehehadcomputed。
Upontheapproachofhisfit,hemadesignstobeputtobed,whichwasnosoonerdonebuthewasseizedwithextremeagonies,whichheboreupunderwiththegreateststeadfastness,andafterasevereconflict,thatlastedneareighthours,heexpired。
Thuslivedandthusdiedthisextraordinaryperson;aperson,thoughofmeanextractionandobscurelife,yetwhenhischaractercomestobefullyandtrulyknown,itwillbereadwithpleasure,profit,andadmiration。
Hisperfectionsatlargewouldbetheworkofavolume,andinconsistentwiththeintentionofthesepapers。Iwill,therefore,onlyadd,foraconclusion,thathewasamanofuncommonthoughtandjudgment,andalwayskepthisappetitesandinclinationswithintheirjustlimits。
Hisreasonwasstrongandmanly,hisunderstandingsoundandactive,andhistempersoeasy,equal,andcomplaisant,thatheneverfellout,eitherwithmenoraccidents。Heboreallthingswiththehighestaffability,andcomputedjustlyupontheirvalueandconsequence,andthenappliedthemtotheirproperuses。
ALETTERFROMOXFORD
Sir,Beinginformedthatyouspeedilyintendtopublishsomememoirsrelatingtoourdumbcountryman,DickoryCronke,Isendyouherewithafewlines,inthenatureofanelegy,whichIleaveyoutodisposeofasyouthinkfit。Iknewandadmiredtheman;andifIwerecapable,hischaractershouldbethefirstthingIwouldattempt。
Yours。&c。
ANELEGY,INMEMORYOFDICKORYCRONKE,THEDUMBPHILOSOPHER。
Vitiisnemosinenascitur;optimusilleest,Quiminimusurgetur。——HORACE。
Ifvirtuousactionsemulationraise,Thenthisgoodmandeservesimmortalpraise。
Whennaturesuchextensivewisdomlent,Shesuredesignedhimforourprecedent。
Suchgreatendowmentsinamanunknown,Declaretheblessingswerenotallhisown;
ButrathergrantedforatimetoshowWhatthewisehandofProvidencecando。
InhimwemayabrightexampleseeOfnature,justice,andmorality;
Amindnotsubjecttothefrownsoffate,Butcalmandeasyinaservilestate。
HealwayskeptaguarduponhiswillAndfearednoharmbecauseheknewnoill。
Adecentpostureandanhumblemien,Ineveryactionofhislifewereseen。
Throughallthedifferentstagesthathewent,Hestillappearedbothwiseanddiligent:
Firmtohisword,andpunctualtohistrust,Sagacious,frugal,arable,andjust。
Nogainfulviewshisboundedhopescouldsway,Nowantonthoughtledhischastesoulastray。
Inshort,histhoughtsandactionsbothdeclare,Naturedesignedhimherphilosopher;
Thatallmankind,byhisexampletaught,Mightlearntolive,andmanageeverythought。
Oh!couldmymusethewondroussubjectgrace,And,fromhisyouth,hisvirtuousactionstrace;
CouldIinjustandequalnumberstellHowwellhelived,andhowdevoutlyfell,Iboldlymightyourstrictattentionclaim,Andbidyoulearn,andcopyouttheman。
J。P。
ExeterCollege,August25th,1719。
EPITAPH
Theoccasionofthisepitaphwasbrieflythus:—Agentleman,whohadheardmuchincommendationofthisdumbman,goingaccidentallytothechurchyardwherehewasburied,andfindinghisgravewithoutatombstone,oranymannerofmemorandumofhisdeath,hepulledouthispencil,andwritasfollows:—
PAUPERUBIQUEJACET。
Neartothislonelyunfrequentedplace,Mixedwiththecommondust,neglectedliesThemanthateverymuseshouldstrivetograce,Andalltheworldshouldforhisvirtueprize。
Stop,gentlepassenger,anddropatear,Truth,justice,wisdom,alllieburiedhere。
What,thoughhewantsamonumentalstone,Thecommonpompofeveryfoolorknave,ThosevirtueswhichthroughallhisactionsshoneProclaimhisworth,andpraisehiminthegrave。
Hismeritswillabrightexamplegive,Whichshallbothtimeandenvytoooutlive。
Oh,hadIpowerbutequaltomymind,Adecenttombshouldsoonthisplaceadorn,Withthisinscription:Lo,hereliesconfinedAwondrousman,althoughobscurelyborn;
Aman,thoughdumb,yethewasnature’scare,Whomarkedhimoutherownphilosopher。
第2章