首页 >出版文学> Mark Twain, A Biography>第40章
  Iwasashamedtohavemadethatblunder。Iwasembarrassed;tocoveritIstartedtosayweusedtocombinethemlikethatwhereIcamefrom,butthoughtbetterofit,andstoodpat。
  "Nowthen,"Isaid,"itamountstothis:waterisanindividual,ananimal,andisalive;removethehydrogenanditisananimalandisalive;theremainingoxygenisalsoanindividual,ananimal,andisalive。Recapitulation:thetwoindividualscombinedconstituteathirdindividual——andyeteachcontinuestobeanindividual。"
  IglancedatFranklin,but……uponreflection,heldmypeace。I
  couldhavepointedouttohimthatherewasmuteNatureexplainingthesublimemysteryoftheTrinitysoluminously——thateventhecommonestunderstandingcouldcomprehendit,whereasmanyatrainedmasterofwordshadlaboredtodoitwithspeechandfailed。ButhewouldnothaveknownwhatIwastalkingabout。AfteramomentIresumed:
  "Listen——andseeifIhaveunderstoodyourightly,towit:Alltheatomsthatconstituteeachoxygenmoleculeareseparateindividuals,andeachisalivinganimal;alltheatomsthatconstituteeachhydrogenmoleculeareseparateindividuals,andeachoneisalivinganimal;eachdropofwaterconsistsofmillionsoflivinganimals,thedropitselfisanindividual,alivinganimal,andthewideoceanisanother。Isthatit?"
  "Yes,thatiscorrect。"
  "ByGeorge,itbeatstheband!"
  Helikedtheexpression,andsetitdowninhistablets。
  "Franklin,we’vegotitdownfine。Andtothink——thereareotheranimalsthatarestillsmallerthanahydrogenatom,andyetitissosmallthatittakesfivethousandofthemtomakeamolecule——amoleculesominutethatitcouldgetintoamicrobe’seyeandhewouldn’tknowitwasthere!"
  "Yes,theweecreaturesthatinhabitthebodiesofusgermsandfeeduponus,androtuswithdisease:Ah,whatcouldtheyhavebeencreatedfor?
  Theygiveuspain,theymakeourlivesmiserable,theymurderus—andwhereistheuseofitall,wherethewisdom?Ah,friendBkshp[microbicorthography],weliveinastrangeandunaccountableworld;ourbirthisamystery,ourlittlelifeisamystery,atrouble,wepassandareseennomore;allismystery,mystery,mystery;weknownotwhencewecame,norwhy;weknownotwhitherwego,norwhywego。Weonlyknowwewerenotmadeinvain,weonlyknowweweremadeforawisepurpose,andthatalliswell!Weshallnotbecastasideincontumelyandunblestafterallwehavesuffered。Letusbepatient,letusnotrepine,letustrust。Thehumblestofusiscaredfor——oh,believeit!——andthisfleetingstayisnottheend!"
  Younoticethat?Hedidnotsuspectthathe,also,wasengagedingnawing,torturing,defiling,rotting,andmurderingafellow—creature——
  heandalltheswarmingbillionsofhisrace。Noneofthemsuspectsit。
  Thatissignificant。Itissuggestive——irresistiblysuggestive——
  insistentlysuggestive。Ithintsatthepossibilitythattheprocessionofknownandlisteddevourersandpersecutorsisnotcomplete。Itsuggeststhepossibility,andsubstantiallythecertainty,thatmanishimselfamicrobe,andhisglobeablood—corpuscledriftingwithitsshiningbrethrenoftheMilkyWaydownaveinoftheMasterandMakerofallthings,whosebody,mayhap——glimpsedpart—wisefromtheearthbynight,andrecedingandlosttoviewinthemeasurelessremotenessesofspace——iswhatmennametheUniverse。
  Yes,thatwasalloldtome,buttofindthatourlittleoldfamiliarmicrobeswerethemselvesloadedupwithmicrobesthatfedthem,enrichedthem,andpersistentlyandfaithfullypreservedthemandtheirpooroldtramp—planetfromdestruction——oh,thatwasnew,andtoodelicious!
  Iwantedtoseethem!Iwasinafevertoseethem!Ihadlensestotwo—millionpower,butofcoursethefieldwasnobiggerthanaperson’sfinger—nail,andsoitwasn’tpossibletocompassaconsiderablespectacleoralandscapewiththem;whereaswhatIhadbeencravingwasathirty—footfield,whichwouldrepresentaspreadofseveralmilesofcountryandshowupthingsinawaytomakethemworthlookingat。TheboysandIhadoftentriedtocontrivethisimprovement,buthadfailed。
  ImentionedthemattertotheDukeanditmadehimsmile。Hesaiditwasaquitesimplething—hehaditathome。Iwaseagertobargainforthesecret,buthesaiditwasatrifleandnotworthbargainingfor。
  Hesaid:
  "Hasn’titoccurredtoyouthatallyouhavetodoistobendanX—raytoanangle—valueof8。4andrefractitwithaparabolism,andthereyouare?"
  Uponmyword,Ihadneverthoughtofthatsimplething!Youcouldhaveknockedmedownwithafeather。
  Weriggedamicroscopeforanexhibitionatonceandputadropofmybloodunderit,whichgotmashedflatwhenthelensgotshutdownuponit。Theresultwasbeyondmydreams。Thefieldstretchedmilesaway,greenandundulating,threadedwithstreamsandroads,andborderedalldownthemellowingdistanceswithpicturesquehills。Andtherewasagreatwhitecityoftents;andeverywherewereparksofartilleryanddivisionsofcavalryandinfantrywaiting。Wehadhitaluckymoment,evidentlytherewasgoingtobeamarch—pastorsomethinglikethat。Atthefrontwherethechiefbannerflewtherewasalargeandshowytent,withshowyguardsonduty,andaboutitweresomeothertentsofaswellkind。
  Thewarriors——particularlytheofficers——werelovelytolookat,theyweresotrim—builtandsogracefulandsohandsomelyuniformed。Theywerequitedistinct,vividlydistinct,foritwasafineday,andtheyweresoimmenselymagnifiedthattheylookedtobefullyafinger—nailhigh。——[Myownexpression,andaquitehappyone。IsaidtotheDuke:
  "YourGrace,they’rejustaboutfinger—milers!"
  "Howdoyoumean,m’lord?"
  "This。YounoticethestatelyGeneralstandingtherewithhishandrestinguponthemuzzleofacannon?Well,ifyoucouldstickyourlittlefingerdownagainstthegroundalongsideofhimhisplumeswouldjustreachuptowhereyournailjoinstheflesh。"TheDukesaid"finger—milerswasgood"—goodandexact;andheafterwarduseditseveraltimeshimself。]——Everywhereyoucouldseeofficersmovingsmartlyabout,andtheylookedgay,butthecommonsoldierslookedsad。Manywife—
  swinks["Swinks,"anatomicrace]anddaughter—swinksandsweetheart—
  swinkswereabout——crying,mainly。Itseemedtoindicatethatthiswasacaseofwar,notasummer—campforexercise,andthatthepoorlabor—
  swinkswerebeingtornfromtheirplanet—savingindustriestogoanddistributecivilizationandotherformsofsufferingamongthefeeblebenightedsomewhere;elsewhyshouldtheswinkessescry?
  Thecavalrywasveryfine——shinyblackhorses,shapelyandspirited;andpresentlywhenaflashoflightstruckaliftedbugledeliveringacommandwhichwecouldn’thearandadivisioncametearingdownonagallopitwasastirringandgallantsight,untilthedustroseaninch——
  theDukethoughtmore——andswalloweditupinarollingandtumblinglonggraycloud,withbrightweaponsglintingandsparklinginit。
  Beforelongtherealbusinessoftheoccasionbegan。Abattalionofpriestsarrivedcarryingsacredpictures。Thatsettledit:thiswaswar;
  thesefar—stretchingmassesoftroopswereboundforthefront。Theirlittlemonarchcameoutnow,thesweetestlittlethingthatevertravestiedthehumanshapeIthink,andhelifteduphishandsandblessedthepassingarmies,andtheylookedasgratefulastheycould,andmadesignsofhumbleandrealreverenceastheydriftedbytheholypictures。
  Itwasbeautiful——thewholething;andwonderful,too,whenthoseserriedmassesswungintolineandwentmarchingdownthevalleyunderthelongarrayofflutteringflags。
  Evidentlytheyweregoingsomewheretofightfortheirking,whichwasthelittlemannythatblessedthem;andtopreservehimandhisbrethrenthatoccupiedtheotherswelltents;tocivilizeandgraspavaluablelittleunwatchedcountryforthemsomewhere。Butthelittlefellowandhisbrethrendidn’tfallin——thatwasanoticeableparticular。Theydidn’tfight;theystayedathome,whereitwassafe,andwaitedfortheswag。
  Verywell,then—whatoughtwetodo?Hadwenomoraldutytoperform?
  Oughtwetoallowthiswartobegin?Wasitnotourdutytostopit,inthenameofrightandrighteousness?WasitnotourdutytoadministerarebuketothisselfishandheartlessFamily?
  TheDukewasstruckbythat,andgreatlymoved。HefeltasIdidaboutit,andwasreadytodowhateverwasright,andthoughtweoughttopourboilingwaterontheFamilyandextinguishit,whichwedid。
  Itextinguishedthearmies,too,whichwasnotintended。Webothregrettedthis,buttheDukesaidthatthesepeoplewerenothingtous,anddeservedextinctionanywayforbeingsopoor—spiritedastoservesuchaFamily。Hewasloyallydoingthelikehimself,andsowasI,butIdon’tthinkwethoughtofthat。Anditwasn’tjustthesame,anyway,becauseweweresooflaskies,andtheywereonlyswinks。
  Franklinrealizesthatnoatomisdestructible;thatithasalwaysexistedandwillexistforever;buthethinksallatomswillgooutofthisworldsomedayandcontinuetheirlifeinahappierone。OldTolliverthinksnoatom’slifewilleverend,buthealsothinksBlitzowskiistheonlyworlditwilleversee,andthatatnotimeinitseternitywillitbeeitherworseofforbetteroffthanitisnowandalwayshasbeen。OfcoursehethinkstheplanetBlitzowskiisitselfeternalandindestructible——atanyratehesayshethinksthat。Itcouldmakemesad,onlyIknowbetter。D。T。willfetchBlitzyyetoneofthesedays。
  Butthesearealienthoughts,humanthoughts,andtheyfalselyindicatethatIdonotwantthistramptogoonliving。Whatwouldbecomeofmeifheshoulddisintegrate?Mymoleculeswouldscatterallaroundandtakeupnewquartersinhundredsofplantsandanimals;eachwouldcarryitsspecialfeelingsalongwithit,eachwouldbecontentinitsnewestate,butwhereshouldIbe?Ishouldnothavearagofafeelingleft,aftermydisintegration——withhis——wascomplete。Nothingtothinkwith,nothingtogrieveorrejoicewith,nothingtohopeordespairwith。
  Therewouldbenomoreme。Ishouldbemusingandthinkinganddreamingsomewhereelse——insomedistantanimalmaybe——perhapsacat——byproxyofmyoxygenIshouldberagingandfuminginsomeothercreatures——arat,perhaps;IshouldbesmilingandhopinginstillanotherchildofNature——heirtomyhydrogen——aweed,oracabbage,orsomething;mycarbonicacidambitionwouldbedreamingdreamsinsomelowlywood—violetthatwaslongingforashowycareer;thusmydetailswouldbedoingasmuchfeelingasever,butIshouldnotbeawareofit,itwouldallbegoingonforthebenefitofthoseothers,andInotinitatall。Ishouldbegraduallywastingaway,atombyatom,moleculebymolecule,astheyearswenton,andatlastIshouldbealldistributed,andnothingleftofwhathadoncebeenMe。Itiscurious,andnotwithoutimpressiveness:I
  shouldstillbealive,intenselyalive,butsoscatteredthatIwouldnotknowit。Ishouldnotbedead——no,onecannotcallitthat——butIshouldbethenextthingtoit。Andtothinkwhatcenturiesandagesandaeonswoulddriftovermebeforethedisintegrationwasfinished,thelastboneturnedtogasandblownaway!IwishIknewwhatitisgoingtofeellike,toliehelplesssuchaweary,wearytime,andseemyfacultiesdecayanddepart,onebyone,likelightswhichburnlow,andflickerandperish,untiltheever—deepeninggloomanddarknesswhich——oh,away,awaywiththesehorrors,andletmethinkofsomethingwholesome!
  Mytrampisonly85;thereisgoodhopethathewilllivetenyearslonger——500,000ofmymicrobeyears。Somayitbe。
  Oh,dear,weareallsowise!Eachofusknowsitall,andknowsheknowsitall——therest,toaman,arefoolsanddeluded。Onemanknowsthereisahell,thenextoneknowsthereisn’t;onemanknowshightariffisright,thenextmanknowsitisn’t;onemanknowsmonarchyisbest,thenextoneknowsitisn’t;oneageknowstherearewitches,thenextoneknowstherearen’t;onesectknowsitsreligionistheonlytrueone,therearesixty—fourthousandfivehundredmillionsectsthatknowitisn’tso。Thereisnotamindpresentamongthismultitudeofverdict—deliverersthatisthesuperiorofthemindsthatpersuadeandrepresenttherestofthedivisionsofthemultitude。Yetthissarcasticfactdoesnothumblethearrogancenordiminishtheknow—it—allbulkofasingleverdict—makerofthelotbysomuchasashade。Mindisplainlyanass,butitwillbemanyagesbeforeitfindsitout,nodoubt。Whydowerespecttheopinionsofanymanoranymicrobethateverlived?I
  swearIdon’tknow。WhydoIrespectmyown?Well——thatisdifferent。
  APPENDIXW
  LITTLEBESSIEWOULDASSISTPROVIDENCE
  SeeChaptercclxxxii
  [Itisdull,andIneedwholesomeexcitementsanddistractions;soIwillgolightlyexcursioningalongtheprimrosepathoftheology。]
  LittleBessiewasnearlythreeyearsold。Shewasagoodchild,andnotshallow,notfrivolous,butmeditativeandthoughtful,andmuchgiventothinkingoutthereasonsofthingsandtryingtomakethemharmonizewithresults。Onedayshesaid:
  "Mama,whyistheresomuchpainandsorrowandsuffering?Whatisitallfor?"
  Itwasaneasyquestion,andmamahadnodifficultyinansweringit:
  "Itisforourgood,mychild。InHiswisdomandmercytheLordsendsustheseafflictionstodisciplineusandmakeusbetter。"
  "IsitHethatsendsthem?"
  "Yes。"
  "DoesHesendallofthem,mama?"
  "Yes,dear,allofthem。Noneofthemcomesbyaccident;Healonesendsthem,andalwaysoutofloveforus,andtomakeusbetter。"
  "Isn’titstrange?"
  "Strange?Why,no,Ihaveneverthoughtofitinthatway。Ihavenotheardanyonecallitstrangebefore。Ithasalwaysseemednaturalandrighttome,andwiseandmostkindlyandmerciful。"
  "Whofirstthoughtofitlikethat,mama?Wasityou?"
  "Ohno,child,Iwastaughtit。"
  "Whotaughtyouso,mama?"
  "Why,really,Idon’tknow——Ican’tremember。Mymother,Isuppose;orthepreacher。Butit’sathingthateverybodyknows。"
  "Well,anyway,itdoesseemstrange。DidHegiveBillyNorristhetyphus?"
  "Yes。"
  "Whatfor?"
  "Why,todisciplinehimandmakehimgood。"
  "Buthedied,mama,andsoitcouldn’tmakehimgood。"
  "Well,then,Isupposeitwasforsomeotherreason。Weknowitwasagoodreason,whateveritwas。"
  "Whatdoyouthinkitwas,mama?"
  "Oh,youasksomanyquestions!Ithinkitwastodisciplinehisparents。"
  "Well,then,itwasn’tfair,mama。Whyshouldhislifebetakenawayfortheirsake,whenhewasn’tdoinganything?"
  "Oh,Idon’tknow!Ionlyknowitwasforagoodandwiseandmercifulreason。"
  "Whatreason,mama?"
  "Ithink——Ithink—well,itwasajudgment;itwastopunishthemforsomesintheyhadcommitted。"
  "Buthewastheonethatwaspunished,mama。Wasthatright?"
  "Certainly,certainly。Hedoesnothingthatisn’trightandwiseandmerciful。Youcan’tunderstandthesethingsnow,dear,butwhenyouaregrownupyouwillunderstandthem,andthenyouwillseethattheyarejustandwise。"
  Afterapause:
  "DidHemaketherooffallinonthestrangerthatwastryingtosavethecrippledoldwomanfromthefire,mama?"
  "Yes,mychild。Wait!Don’taskmewhy,becauseIdon’tknow。Ionlyknowitwastodisciplinesomeone,orbeajudgmentuponsomebody,ortoshowHispower。"
  "ThatdrunkenmanthatstuckapitchforkintoMrs。Welch’sbabywhen——"
  "Nevermindaboutit,youneedn’tgointoparticulars;itwastodisciplinethechild——thatmuchiscertain,anyway。"
  "Mama,Mr。Burgesssaidinhissermonthatbillionsoflittlecreaturesaresentintoustogiveuscholera,andtyphoid,andlockjaw,andmorethanathousandothersicknessesand——mama,doesHesendthem?"
  "Oh,certainly,child,certainly。Ofcourse。"
  "Whatfor?"
  "Oh,todisciplineus!Haven’tItoldyouso,overandoveragain?"
  "It’sawfulcruel,mama!Andsilly!andifI————"
  "Hush,oh,hush!Doyouwanttobringthelightning?"
  "Youknowthelightningdidcomelastweek,mama,andstruckthenewchurch,andburntitdown。Wasittodisciplinethechurch?"
  Wearily。"Oh,Isupposeso。"
  "Butitkilledahogthatwasn’tdoinganything。Wasittodisciplinethehog,mama?"
  "Dearchild,don’tyouwanttorunoutandplayawhile?Ifyouwouldliketo————"
  "Mama,onlythink!Mr。Hollistersaysthereisn’tabird,orfish,orreptile,oranyotheranimalthathasn’tgotanenemythatProvidencehassenttobiteitandchaseitandpesteritandkillitandsuckitsbloodanddisciplineitandmakeitgoodandreligious。Isthattrue,mother——
  becauseifitistruewhydidMr。Hollisterlaughatit?"
  "ThatHollisterisascandalousperson,andIdon’twantyoutolistentoanythinghesays。"
  "Why,mama,heisveryinteresting,andIthinkhetriestobegood。Hesaysthewaspscatchspidersandcramthemdownintotheirnestsintheground——alive,mama!——andtheretheyliveandsufferdaysanddaysanddays,andthehungrylittlewaspschewingtheirlegsandgnawingintotheirbelliesallthetime,tomakethemgoodandreligiousandpraiseGodforHisinfinitemercies。IthinkMr。Hollisterisjustlovely,andeversokind;forwhenIaskedhimifhewouldtreataspiderlikethathesaidhehopedtobedamnedifhewould;andthenhe————Dearmama,haveyoufainted!Iwillrunandbringhelp!Nowthiscomesofstayingintownthishotweather。"
  APPENDIXX
  ACHRONOLOGICALLISTOFMARKTWAIN’SWORK
  PUBLISHEDANDOTHERWISE——FROM1851—1910
  Note1。——Thisisnotadetailedbibliography,butmerelyagenerallistofMarkTwain’sliteraryundertakings,intheorderofperformance,showingwhen,andusuallywhere,theworkwasdone,whenandwherefirstpublished,etc。AnexcellentMarkTwainbibliographyhasbeencompiledbyMr。MerleJohnson,towhomacknowledgmentsaredueforimportantitems。
  Note2。——Onlyafewofthemoreimportantspeechesarenoted。Volumesthataremerelycollectionsoftalesorarticlesarenotnoted。
  Note3。——Titlesareshortenedtothosemostcommonlyinuse,as"HuckFinn"or"Huck"for"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn。"
  Namesofperiodicalsareabbreviated。
  TheinitialsU。E。standforthe"UniformEdition"ofMarkTwain’sworks。
  Thechapternumberornumbersinthelinewiththedatereferstotheplaceinthisworkwheretheitemsarementioned。
  1851。
  SeeChapterxviiiofthiswork。
  EditedtheHannibalJournalduringtheabsenceoftheownerandeditor,OrionClemens。
  WrotelocalitemsfortheHannibalJournal。
  BurlesqueofarivaleditorintheHannibalJournal。
  WrotetwosketchesforTheSat。Eve。PostPhiladelphia。
  ToMARYINH—l。HannibalJournal。
  1852—53。
  SeeChapterxviii。
  JIMWOLFEANDTHEFIRE——HannibalJournal。
  BurlesqueofarivaleditorintheHannibalJournal。
  1853。
  SeeChapterxix。
  Wroteobituarypoems——notpublished。
  Wrotefirstlettershome。
  1855—56。
  SeeChaptersxxandxxi。
  Firstafter—dinnerspeech;deliveredataprinters’banquetinKeokuk,Iowa。
  LettersfromCincinnati,November16,1856,signed"Snodgrass"——
  SaturdayPostKeokuk。
  1857。
  SeeChapterxxi。
  LettersfromCincinnati,March16,1857,signed"Snodgrass"——SaturdayPostKeokuk。
  1858。
  AnonymouscontributionstotheNewOrleansCrescentandprobablytoSt。
  Louispapers。
  1859。
  SeeChapterxxvii;alsoAppendixB。
  BurlesqueofCapt。IsaiahSellers——TrueDeltaNewOrleans,May8or9。
  1861。
  SeeChaptersxxxiiitoxxxv。
  Lettershome,publishedinTheGateCityKeokuk。
  1862。
  SeeChaptersxxxvtoxxxviii。
  Lettersandsketches,signed"Josh,"fortheTerritorialEnterpriseVirginiaCity,Nevada。
  REPORTOFTHELECTUREOFPROF。PERSONALPRONOUN——Enterprise。
  REPORTOFAFOURTHOFJULYORATION——Enterprise。
  THEPETRIFIEDMAN——Enterprise。
  LocalnewsreporterfortheEnterprisefromAugust。
  1863。
  SeeChaptersxlitoxliii;alsoAppendixC。
  ReportedtheNevadaLegislaturefortheEnterprise。
  Firstusedthename"MarkTwain,"February2。
  ADVICETOTHEUNRELIABLE——Enterprise。
  CURINGACOLD——Enterprise。U。E。
  INFORMATIONFORTHEMILLION——Enterprise。
  ADVICETOGOODLITTLEGIRLS——Enterprise。
  THEDUTCHNICKMASSACRE——Enterprise。
  ManyotherEnterprisesketches。
  THEAGEDPILOTMANpoem——"ROUGHINGIT。"U。E。
  1864。
  See。Chaptersxlivtoxlvii。
  ReportedtheNevadaLegislaturefortheEnterprise。
  Speechas"GovernoroftheThirdHouse。"
  LetterstoNewYorkSundayMercury。
  LocalreporterontheSanFranciscoCall。
  ArticlesandsketchesfortheGoldenEra。
  ArticlesandsketchesfortheCalifornian。
  DailylettersfromSanFranciscototheEnterprise。
  SeveraloftheEraandCaliforniansketchesappearinSKETCHESNEWAND
  OLD。U。E。
  1865。
  SeeChaptersxlixtoli;alsoAppendixE。
  NotesfortheJumpingFrogstory;Angel’sCamp,February。
  Sketchesetc。,fortheGoldenEraandCalifornian。
  DailylettertotheEnterprise。
  THEJUMPINGFROGSanFranciscoSaturdayPress。NewYork,November18。U。E。
  1866。
  SeeChaptersliitolv;alsoAppendixD。
  DailylettertotheEnterprise。
  SandwichIslandletterstotheSacramentoUnion。
  LectureontheSandwichIslands,SanFrancisco,October2。
  FORTY—THREEDAYSINANOPENBOAT——Harper’sMagazine,DecembererrorinsignaturemadeitMarkSwain。
  1867。
  SeeChapterslviitolxv;alsoAppendicesE,F,andG。
  LetterstoAltaCaliforniafromNewYork。
  JIMWOLFEANDTHECATS——N。Y。SundayMercury。
  THEJUMPINGFROG——book,publishedbyCharlesHenryWebb,May1。U。E。
  LecturedatCooperUnion,May,’66。
  LetterstoAltaCaliforniaandNewYorkTribunefromtheQuakerCity——
  HolyLandexcursion。
  LettertoNewYorkHeraldonthereturnfromtheHolyLand。
  After—dinnerspeechon"Women"Washington。
  BeganarrangementforthepublicationofTHEINNOCENTSABROAD。
  1868。
  SeeChapterslxvitolxix;alsoAppendicesHandI。
  Newspaperletters,etc。,fromWashington,forNewYorkCitizen,Tribune,Herald,andotherpapersandperiodicals。
  PreparingQuakerCitylettersinWashingtonandSanFranciscoforbookpublication。
  CAPTAINWAKEMAN’SSTORMFIELD’SVISITTOHEAVENSanFrancisco,publishedHarper’sMagazine,December,1907—January,1908alsobook,Harpers。
  LecturedinCaliforniaandNevadaonthe"HolyLand,"July2。
  S’CAT!AnonymousarticleonT。K。BeecherElmira,publishedinlocalpaper。
  Lecture—tour,season1868—69。
  1869。
  SeeChapterslxxtolxxni。
  THEINNOCENTSABROAD——bookAm。Pub。Co。,July20。U。E。
  Boughtone—thirdownershipintheBuffaloExpress。
  Contributededitorials,sketches,etc。,totheExpress。
  ContributedsketchestoPackard’sMonthly,Wood’sMagazine,etc。
  Lecture—tour,season1869—70。
  1870。
  SeeChapterslxxivtolxxx;alsoAppendixJ。
  ContributedvariousmattertoBuffaloExpress。
  Contributedvariousmatterundergeneralheadof"MEMORANDA"toGalaxyMagazine,MaytoApril,’7I。
  ROUGHINGITbeguninSeptemberBuffalo。
  SHEM’SDIARYBuffalounfinished。
  GOD,ANCIENTANDMODERNunpublished。
  1871。
  SeeChapterslxxxiandlxxxii;alsoAppendixK。
  MEMORANDAcontinuedinGalaxytoApril。
  AUTOBIOGRAPHYANDFIRSTROMANCE——[THEFIRSTROMANCEhadappearedintheExpressinx87o。LaterincludedinSKETCHES。]———bookletSheldon&Co。。
  U。E。
  ROUGHINGITfinishedQuarryFarm。
  Ruloffletter——Tribune。
  WroteseveralsketchesandlecturesQuarryFarm。
  Westernplayunfinished。
  Lecture—tour,season1871—72。
  1872。
  SeeChapterslxxxiiitolxxxvii;alsoAppendixL。
  ROUGHINGIT——bookAm。Pub。Co。,February。U。E。
  THEMARKTWAINSCRAP—BOOKinventedSaybrook,Connecticut。
  TOMSAWYERbegunasaplaySaybrook,Connecticut。
  Afewunimportantsketchespublishedin"Practicaljokes,"etc。
  BeganabookonEnglandLondon。
  1873。
  SeeChapterslxxxviiitoxcii。
  LettersontheSandwichIslands—Tribune,January3and6。
  THEGILDEDAGEwithC。D。Warner——bookAm。Pub。Co,December。U。E。
  THELICENSEOFTHEPRESS——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。
  LecturedinLondon,October18andseason1873—74。
  1874。
  SeeChaptersxciiitoxcviii;alsoAppendixM。
  TOMSAWYERcontinuedinthenewstudyatQuarryFarm。
  ATRUESTORYQuarryFarm—Atlantic,November。U。E。
  FABLESQuarryFarm。U。E。
  COLONELSELLERS——playQuarryFarmperformedbyJohnT。Raymond。
  UNDERTAKER’SLOVE—STORYQuarryFarmunpublished。
  OLDTIMESONTHEMISSISSIPPIHartfordAtlantic,JanuarytoJuly,1875。
  MonarchylettertoMrs。Clemens,dated1935Boston。
  1875。
  SeeChaptersctociv;alsoAppendixN。
  UNIVERSALSUFFRAGE——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。
  SKETCHESNEWANDOLD——bookAm。Pub。Co。,July。U。E。
  TOMSAWYERconcludedHartford。
  THECURIOUSREP。OFGONDOUR——Atlantic,Octoberunsigned。
  PUNCH,CONDUCTOR,PUNCH——Atlantic,February,1876。U。E。
  THESECONDADVENTunfinished。
  THEMYSTERIOUSCHAMBERunfinished。
  AUTOBIOGRAPHYOFADAMNFOOLunfinished。
  PetitionforInternationalCopyright。
  1876。
  SeeChapterscvitocx。
  PerformedinTHELOANOFTHELOVERasPeterSpuykHartford。
  CARNIVALOFCRIME——paperforTheMondayEveningClub——Atlantic,June。
  U。E。
  HUCKFINNbegunQuarryFarm。
  CANVASSER’SSTORYQuarryFarm——Atlantic,December。U。E。
  "1601"QuarryFarm,privatelyprinted。[AndnoteditedbyLivy。D。W。]
  AHSINwithBretHarte——play,Hartford。
  TOMSAWYER——bookAm。Pub。Co。,December。U。E。
  Speechon"TheWeather,"NewEnglandSociety,December22。
  1877。
  SeeChapterscxiitocxv;alsoAppendixO。
  LOVESOFALONZOFITZ—CLARENCE,ETC。QuarryFarm——Atlantic。
  IDLEEXCURSIONQuarryFarm——Atlantic,October,November,December。
  U。E。
  SIMONWHEELER,DETECTIVE——playQuarryFarmnotproduced。
  PRINCEANDPAUPERbegunQuarryFarm。
  WhittierbirthdayspeechBoston,December。
  1878。
  SeeChapterscxviitocxx。
  MAGNANIMOUSINCIDENTHartford——Atlantic,May。U。E。
  ATRAMPABROADHeidelbergandMunich。
  MENTALTELEGRAPHY——Harper’sMagazine,December,1891。U。E。
  GAMBETTADUEL——Atlantic,February,1879includedinTRAMP。U。E。
  REV。INPITCAIRN——Atlantic,March,1879。U。E。
  STOLENWHITEELEPHANT——bookOsgood&Co。,1882。U。E。
  ThethreeitemslastnamedwerealloriginallyapartoftheTRAMP
  ABROAD。
  1879。
  SeeChapterscxxitocxxiv;alsoChaptercxxxivandAppendixP。
  ATRAMPABROADcontinuedParis,Elmira,andHartford。
  AdammonumentschemeElmira。
  Speechon"TheBabies"Grantdinner,Chicago,November。
  Speechon"Plagiarism"Holmesbreakfast,Boston,December。
  1880。
  SeeChapterscxxvtocxxxii。
  PRINCEANDPAUPERconcludedHartfordandElmira。
  HUCKFINNcontinuedQuarryFarm,Elmira。
  ACATSTORYQuarryFarmunpublished。
  ATRAMPABROAD——bookAm。Pub。Co。,March13。U。E。
  EDWARDMILLSANDGEO。BENTONHartford——Atlantic,August。U。E。
  MRS。McWILLIAMSANDTHELIGHTNINGHartford——Atlantic,September。U。E。
  1881。
  SeeChapterscxxxivtocxxxvii。
  ACURIOUSEXPERIENCE——Century,November。U。E。
  ABIOGRAPHYOF—————unfinished。
  PRINCEANDPAUPER——bookOsgoodR;CO。,December。
  BURLESQUEETIQUETTEunfinished。[IncludedinLETTERSFROMTHEEARTH
  D。W。]
  1882。
  SeeChapterscxlandcxli。
  LIFEONTHEMISSISSIPPIElmiraandHartford。
  1883。
  SeeChapterscxliitocxlviii。
  LIFEONTHEMississippi——bookOsgoodRCO。,May。U。E。
  WHATIsHAPPINESS?——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。
  IntroductiontoPortugueseconversationbookHartford。
  HUCKFINNconcludedQuarryFarm。
  HISTORYGAMEQuarryFarm。
  AMERICANCLAIMANTwithW。D。Howells——playHartford,producedbyA。P。Burbank。
  DramatizedTOMSAWYERandPRINCEANDPAUPERnotproduced。
  1884。
  SeeChapterscxlixtocliii。
  EmbarkedinpublishingwithCharlesL。Webster。
  THECARSONFOOTPRINTS——theSanFranciscan。
  HUCKFINN——bookCharlesL。Webster&Co。,December。U。E。
  Platform—readingswithGeorgeW。Cable,season’84—’85。
  1885。
  SeeChaptersclivtoclvii。
  ContractedforGeneralGrant’sMemoirs。
  ACAMPAIGNTHATFAILED——Century,December。U。E。
  THEUNIVERSALTINKER——Century,DecemberopenlettersignedX。Y。Z。
  Letteronthegovernmentofchildren——ChristianUnion。
  KIDITCHINchildren’spoem。
  1886。
  SeeChaptersclixtoclxi;alsoAppendixQ。
  IntroducedHenryM。StanleyBoston。
  CONNECTICUTYANKEEbegunHartford。
  ENGLISHASSHEISTAUGHT——Century,April,1887。
  LUCK——Harper’s,August,1891。
  GENERALGRANTANDMATTHEWARNOLD——ArmyandNavydinnerspeech。
  1887。
  SeeChaptersclxiitoclxiv;alsoAppendixR。
  MEISTERSCHAFT——playHartford—Century,January,1888。U。E。
  KNIGHTSOFLABOR——essaynotpublished。
  ToTHEQUEENOFENGLAND——Harper’sMagazine,December。U。E。
  CONSISTENCY——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。
  1888。
  SeeChaptersclxvtoclxviii。
  Introductoryfor"UnsentLetters"unpublished。
  MasterofArtsdegreefromYale。
  YaleAlumniaddressunpublished。
  CopyrightcontroversywithBranderMatthews——PrincetonReview。
  RepliestoMatthewArnold’sAmericancriticismsunpublished。
  YANKEEcontinuedElmiraandHartford。
  IntroductionofNyeandRileyBoston。
  1889。
  SeeChaptersclxixtoclxxiii;alsoAppendixS。
  AMAJESTICLITERARYFOSSILHarper’sMagazine,February,1890。U。E。
  HUCKANDTOMAMONGTHEINDIANSunfinished。
  IntroductiontoYANKEEnotused。
  LETTERToELSIELESLIE——StNicholas,February,1890。
  CONNECTICUTYANKEE——bookWebster&Co。,December。U。E。
  1890。
  SeeChaptersclxxiitoclxxiv。
  LettertoAndrewLangaboutEnglishCriticism。
  Noimportantliterarymattersthisyear。MarkTwainengagedpromotingthePaigetypesetting—machine。
  1891。
  SeeChaptersclxxvtoclxxvii。
  AMERICANCLAIMANTHartfordsyndicated;alsobookWebster&Co。,May,1892。U。E。
  EuropeanletterstoNewYorkSun。
  DOWNTHERHONEunfinished。
  KORNERSTRASSEunpublished。
  1892。
  SeeChaptersclxxxtoclxxxii。
  THEGERMANCHICAGOBerlin——Sun。U。E。
  ALLKINDSOFSHIPSatsea。U。E。
  TomSAWYERABROADNauheim——St。Nicholas,November,’93,toApril,’94。
  U。E。
  THOSEEXTRAORDINARYTWINSNauheim。U。E。
  PUDD’NHEADWILSONNauheimandFlorence——Century,December,’93,toJune,’94U。E。
  $100,000BANK—NOTEFlorence——Century,January,’93。U。E。
  1893。
  SeeChaptersclxxxiiitoclxxxvii。
  JOANOFARCbegunatVillaViviani,FlorenceandcompleteduptotheraisingoftheSiegeofOrleans。
  CALIFORNIAN’STALEFlorenceLiberScriptorum,alsoHarper’s。
  ADAM’SDIARYFlorence——NiagaraBook,alsoHarper’s。
  ESQUIMAUMAIDEN’SROMANCE——Cosmopolitan,November。U。E。
  ISHELIVINGORISHEDEAD?——Cosmopolitan,September。U。E。
  TRAVELINGWITHAREFORMER——Cosmopolitan,December。U。E。
  INDEFENSEOFHARRIETSHELLEYFlorence——N。A。—Rev。,July,’94。U。E。
  FENIMORECOOPER’SLITERARYOFFENSES——[Thismaynothavebeenwrittenuntilearlyin1894。]——Players,NewYork——N。A。Rev。,July,’95U。E。
  1894。
  SeeChaptersclxxxviiitocxc。
  JOANOFARCcontinuedEtretatandParis。
  WHATPAULBOURGETTHINKSOFUSEtretat——N。A。Rev。,January,’95U。E。
  TOMSAWYERABROAD——bookWebster&Co。,April。U。E。
  PUDD’NHEADWILSON——bookAm。Pub。Co。,November。U。E。
  ThefailureofCharlesL。Webster&Co。,April18。
  THEDERELICT——poemParisunpublished。
  1895。
  SeeChaptersclxxxixandcxcii。
  JOANOFARCfinishedParis,January28,Harper’sMagazine,ApriltoDecember。
  MENTALTELEGRAPHYAGAIN——Harper’s,September。U。E。
  ALITTLENOTETOPAULBOURGET。U。E。
  PoemtoMrs。BeecherElmiranotpublished。U。E。
  Lecture—touraroundtheworld,begunatElmira,July14,endedJuly31。
  1896。
  SeeChapterscxcitocxciv。
  JOANOFARC——bookHarpersMay。U。E。
  TOMSAWYER,DETECTIVE,andotherstories—bookHarpers,November。
  FOLLOWINGTHEEQUATORbegun23TedworthSquare,London。
  1897。
  SeeChapterscxcviitocxcix。
  FOLLOWINGTHEEQUATOR——bookAm。Pub。Co。,November。
  QUEEN’SJUBILEELondon,newspapersyndicate;bookprivatelyprinted。
  JAMESHAMMONDTRUMBULL——Century,November。
  WHICHWASWHICH?LondonandSwitzerlandunfinished。
  TOMANDHUCKSwitzerlandunfinished。
  HELLFIREHOTCHKISSSwitzerlandunfinished。
  INMEMORIAM——poemSwitzerland—Harper’sMagazine。U。E。
  ConcordiaClubspeechVienna。
  STIRRINGTIMESINAUSTRIAVienna——Harper’sMagazine,March,1898。U。E。
  1898。
  SeeChapterscctocciii;alsoAppendixT。
  THEAUSTRIANEDISONKEEPINGSCHOOLAGAINViennaCentury,August。U。E。
  ATTHEAPPETITECUREVienna——Cosmopolitan,August。U。E。
  FROMTHELONDONTIMES,1904Vienna——Century,November。U。E。
  ABOUTPLAY—ACTINGVienna——Forum,October。U。E。
  CONCERNINGTHEJEWSVienna——Harper’sMagazine,September,’99。U。E。
  CHRISTIANSCIENCEANDMRS。EDDYVienna——Cosmopolitan,October。U。E。
  THEMANTHATCORRUPTEDHADLEYBURGVienna——Harper’sMagazine,December,’99U。E。
  AutobiographicalchaptersVienna;someofthemusedintheN。A。Rev。,1906—07。
  WHATISMAN?Kaltenleutgeben——bookprivatelyprinted,August,1906。
  ASSASSINATIONOFANEMPRESSKaltenleutgebenunpublished。
  THEMYSTERIOUSSTRANGERunfinished。
  TranslationsofGermanplaysunproduced。
  1899。
  SeeChaptersccivtoccviii。
  DIPLOMATICPAYANDCLOTHESVienna——Forum,March。U。E。
  MYLITERARYDEBUTVienna——Century,December。U。E。
  CHRISTIANSCIENCEVienna——N。A。Rev。,December,1902,JanuaryandFebruary,1903。
  TranslatedGermanplaysViennaunproduced。
  CollaboratedwithSiegmundSchlesingeronplaysViennaunfinished。
  Plannedapostal—checkschemeVienna。
  ArticlesabouttheKellgrentreatmentSanna,Swedenunpublished。
  ST。JOANOFARCLondon——Harper’sMagazine,December,1904。U。E。
  MYFIRSTLIE,ANDHowIGOTOUTOFITLondon——NewYorkWorld。U。E。
  ArticlesonSouthAfricanWarLondonunpublished
  UniformEditionofMarkTwain’sworksAm。Pub。Co。。
  1900。
  SeeChaptersccixtoccxii。
  TWOLITTLETALESLondon——Century,November,1901。U。E。
  Spokeon"Copyright"beforetheHouseofLords。
  DeliveredmanyspeechesinLondonandNewYork。
  1901。
  SeeChaptersccxiiitoccxviii。
  TOTHEPERSONSITTINGINDARKNESS14WestTenthStreet,NewYork——
  N。A。Rev。,February。
  TOMYMISSIONARYCRITICS14WestTenthStreet,NewYork——N。A。Rev。,April。
  DOUBLE—BARRELDETECTIVESTORYSaranacLake,"TheLair"Harper’sMagazine,JanuaryandFebruary,1902。
  LincolnBirthdaySpeech,February11。
  Manyotherspeeches。
  PLANFORCASTINGVOTEPARTYRiverdaleunpublished。
  THESTUPENDOUSPROCESSIONRiverdaleunpublished。
  ANTE—MORTEMOBITUARIES——Harper’sWeekly。
  ReceiveddegreeofDoctorofLettersfromYale。
  1902。
  SeeChaptersccxixtoccxxiv;alsoAppendixU。
  DOESTHERACEOFMANLOVEALORD?Riverdale——N。A。Rev。,April。U。E。
  FIVEBOONSofLIFERiverdale——Harper’sWeekly,July5。U。E。
  WHYNOTABOLISHIT?Riverdale——Harper’sWeekly,July5。
  DEFENSEOFGENERALFUNSTONRiverdale——N。A。Rev。,May。
  IFICOULDBETHERERiverdaleunpublished。
  Wrotevariousarticles,unfinishedorunpublished。
  ReceiveddegreeofLL。D。fromtheUniversityofMissouri,June。
  THEBELATEDPASSPORTYorkHarbor——Harper’sWeekly,December6。U。E。
  WASITHEAVEN?ORHELL?YorkHarbor——Harper’sMagazine,December。U。E。
  PoemRiverdaleandYorkHarborunpublished
  Sixty—seventhBirthdayspeechNewYork,November27。
  1903。
  SeeChaptersccxxvtoccxxx。
  MRS。EDDYINERRORRiverdale——N。A。Rev。,April。
  INSTRUCTIONSINARTRiverdale—Metropolitan,AprilandMay。
  EDDYPUS,andotherC。S。articlesunfinished。
  ADOG’STALEElmira——Harper’sMagazine,December。U。E。
  ITALIANWITHOUTAMASTERFlorence——Harper’sWeekly,January21,1904。
  U。E。
  ITALIANWITHGRAMMARFlorence——Harper’sMagazine,August,U。E。
  THE$30,000BEQUESTFlorence——Harper’sWeekly,December10,1904。U。E。
  1904。
  SeeChaptersccxxxtoccxxxiv。
  AUTOBIOGRAPHYFlorence——portionspublished,N。A。Rev。andHarper’sWeekly。
  CONCERNINGCOPYRIGHTTyringham,Massachusetts——N。A。Rev。,January,1905。
  TSARSSOLILOQUY21FifthAvenue,NewYork——N。A。Rev。,March,1905。
  ADAM’SDIARY——bookHarpers,April。
  1905。
  SeeChaptersccxxxivtoccxxxvii;alsoAppendixV。
  LEOPOLD’SSOLILOQUY21FifthAvenue,NewYork——pamphlet,P。R。WarrenCompany。
  THEWARPRAYER21FifthAvenue,NewYorkunpublished。
  EVE’SDIARYDublin,NewHampshire——Harper’sMagazine,December。
  3,000YEARSAMONGTHEMICROBESunfinished。
  INTERPRETINGTHEDEITYDublinNewHampshireunpublished。
  AHORSE’STALEDublin,NewHampshire—Harper’sMagazine,AugustandSeptember,i9o6。
  SeventiethBirthdayspeech。
  W。D。HOWELLS21FifthAvenue,NewYork—Harper’sMagazine,July,1906。
  1906。
  SeeChaptersccxxxixtoccli。
  Autobiographydictation21FifthAvenue,NewYork;andDublin,NewHampshire——selectionspublished,N。A。Rev。,1906and1907。
  Manyspeeches。
  Farewelllecture,CarnegieHall,April19。
  WHATISMAN?——bookprivatelyprinted。
  CopyrightspeechWashington,December。
  1907。
  SeeChapterscclvitocclxiii。
  Autobiographydictations27FifthAvenue,NewYork;andTuxedo。
  DegreeofDoctorofLiteratureconferredbyOxford,June26。
  MademanyLondonspeeches。
  BegumofBengalspeechLiverpool。
  CHRISTIANSCIENCE——bookHarpers,February。U。E。
  CAPTAINSTORMFIELD’SVISITToHEAVEN——bookHarpers。
  1908。
  SeeChapterscclxivtocclxx。
  Autobiographydictations21FifthAvenue,NewYork;andRedding,Connecticut。
  LotosClubandotherspeeches。
  Aldrichmemorialspeech。
  1909。
  SeeChapterscclxxvitocclxxxix;alsoAppendicesNandW。
  ISSHAKESPEAREDEAD?——bookHarpers,April。
  AFABLE——Harper’sMagazineDecember。
  Copyrightdocumentsunpublished。
  AddresstoSt。TimothySchool。
  MARJORIEFLEMINGStormfield——Harper’sBazar,December。
  THETURNING—POINTOFMYLIFEStormfield——Harper’sBazar,February,1910
  BESSIEDIALOGUEunpublished。
  LETTERSFROMTHEEARTHunfinished。
  THEDEATHOFJEAN——Harper’s,December,1910。
  THEINTERNATIONALLIGHTNINGTRUSTunpublished。
  1910。
  SeeChapterccxcii。
  VALENTINESTOHELENANDOTHERSnotpublished。
  ADVICETOPAINEnotpublished。