Forthesecondtime，hestoppedshort。
　　"Hullo，"saidhe，"it’shim。Goodday，publicorder。"
　　Gavroche’samazementwasalwaysbriefandspeedilythawed。
　　"Whereareyougoing，yourascal？"shoutedthesergeant。
　　"Citizen，"retortedGavroche，"Ihaven’tcalledyou`bourgeois’yet。
　　Whydoyouinsultme？"
　　"Whereareyougoing，yourogue？"
　　"Monsieur，"retortedGavroche，"perhapsyouwereamanofwityesterday，butyouhavedegeneratedthismorning。"
　　"Iaskyouwhereareyougoing，youvillain？"
　　Gavrochereplied:——
　　"Youspeakprettily。Really，noonewouldsupposeyouasoldasyouare。Yououghttosellallyourhairatahundredfrancsapiece。
　　Thatwouldyieldyoufivehundredfrancs。"
　　"Whereareyougoing？Whereareyougoing？Whereareyougoing，bandit？"
　　Gavrocheretortedagain:——
　　"Whatvillainouswords！Youmustwipeyourmouthbetterthefirsttimethattheygiveyousuck。"
　　Thesergeantloweredhisbayonet。
　　"Willyoutellmewhereyouaregoing，youwretch？"
　　"General，"saidGavroche"I’monmywaytolookforadoctorformywifewhoisinlabor。"
　　"Toarms！"shoutedthesergeant。
　　Themaster—strokeofstrongmenconsistsinsavingthemselvesbytheverymeansthathaveruinedthem；Gavrochetookinthewholesituationataglance。Itwasthecartwhichhadtoldagainsthim，itwasthecart’splacetoprotecthim。
　　AtthemomentwhenthesergeantwasonthepointofmakinghisdescentonGavroche，thecart，convertedintoaprojectileandlaunchedwithallthelatter’smight，rolleddownuponhimfuriously，andthesergeant，struckfullinthestomach，tumbledoverbackwardsintothegutterwhilehisgunwentoffintheair。
　　Themenoftheposthadrushedoutpell—mellatthesergeant’sshout；
　　theshotbroughtonageneralrandomdischarge，afterwhichtheyreloadedtheirweaponsandbeganagain。
　　Thisblind—man’s—buffmusketrylastedforaquarterofanhourandkilledseveralpanesofglass。
　　Inthemeanwhile，Gavroche，whohadretracedhisstepsatfullspeed，haltedfiveorsixstreetsdistantandseatedhimself，panting，onthestonepostwhichformsthecorneroftheEnfants—Rouges。
　　Helistened。
　　Afterpantingforafewminutes，heturnedinthedirectionwherethefusilladewasraging，liftedhislefthandtoalevelwithhisnoseandthrustitforwardthreetimes，asheslappedthebackofhisheadwithhisrighthand；animperiousgestureinwhichParisianstreet—urchindomhascondensedFrenchirony，andwhichisevidentlyefficacious，sinceithasalreadylastedhalfacentury。
　　Thisgayetywastroubledbyonebitterreflection。
　　"Yes，"saidhe，"I’msplittingwithlaughter，I’mtwistingwithdelight，Iaboundinjoy，butI’mlosingmyway，Ishallhavetotakearoundaboutway。IfIonlyreachthebarricadeinseason！"
　　Thereuponhesetoutagainonarun。
　　Andasheran:——
　　"Ah，bytheway，wherewasI？"saidhe。
　　Andheresumedhisditty，asheplungedrapidlythroughthestreets，andthisiswhatdiedawayinthegloom:——
　　"Maisilresteencoredesbastilles，EtjevaismettreleholaDansl’ordepublicquevoila。
　　Ouvontlesbellesfilles，Lonla。
　　"Quelqu’unveut—iljouerauxquilles？
　　Toutl’ancienmondes’ecroulaQuandlagrossebouleroula。
　　Ouvontlesbellesfilles，Lonla。
　　"Vieuxbonpeuple，acoupsdebequilles，CassonsceLouvreous’etalaLamonarchieenfalbala。
　　Ouvontlesbellesfilles，Lonla。
　　"Nousenavonsforcelesgrilles，LeroiCharles—Dixcejourla，Tenaitmaletsedecolla。
　　Ouvontlesbellesfilles，Lonla。"[57]
　　[57]Butsomeprisonsstillremain，andIamgoingtoputastoptothissortofpublicorder。Doesanyonewishtoplayatskittles？
　　Thewholeancientworldfellinruin，whenthebigballrolled。
　　Goodoldfolks，letussmashwithourcrutchesthatLouvrewherethemonarchydisplayeditselfinfurbelows。Wehaveforceditsgates。
　　Onthatday，KingCharlesX。didnotstickwellandcameunglued。
　　Thepost’srecoursetoarmswasnotwithoutresult。Thecartwasconquered，thedrunkenmanwastakenprisoner。Thefirstwasputinthepound，thesecondwaslateronsomewhatharassedbeforethecouncilsofwarasanaccomplice。Thepublicministryofthedayproveditsindefatigablezealinthedefenceofsociety，inthisinstance。
　　Gavroche’sadventure，whichhaslingeredasatraditioninthequartersoftheTemple，isoneofthemostterriblesouvenirsoftheelderlybourgeoisoftheMarais，andisentitledintheirmemories:
　　"ThenocturnalattackbythepostoftheRoyalPrintingEstablishment。"
　　[TheendofVolumeIV。"SaintDenis"]
　　VOLUMEVJEANVALJEAN
　　BOOKFIRST。——THEWARBETWEENFOURWALLS
　　CHAPTERI
　　THECHARYBDISOFTHEFAUBOURGSAINTANTOINEANDTHESCYLLAOFTHE
　　FAUBOURGDUTEMPLE
　　Thetwomostmemorablebarricadeswhichtheobserverofsocialmaladiescannamedonotbelongtotheperiodinwhichtheactionofthisworkislaid。Thesetwobarricades，bothofthemsymbols，undertwodifferentaspects，ofaredoubtablesituation，sprangfromtheearthatthetimeofthefatalinsurrectionofJune，1848，thegreatestwarofthestreetsthathistoryhaseverbeheld。
　　Itsometimeshappensthat，evencontrarytoprinciples，evencontrarytoliberty，equality，andfraternity，evencontrarytotheuniversalvote，evencontrarytothegovernment，byallforall，fromthedepthsofitsanguish，ofitsdiscouragementsanditsdestitutions，ofitsfevers，ofitsdistresses，ofitsmiasmas，ofitsignorances，ofitsdarkness，thatgreatanddespairingbody，therabble，protestsagainst，andthatthepopulacewagesbattleagainst，thepeople。
　　Beggarsattackthecommonright；theochlocracyrisesagainstdemos。
　　Thesearemelancholydays；forthereisalwaysacertainamountofnighteveninthismadness，thereissuicideinthisduel，andthosewordswhichareintendedtobeinsults——
　　beggars，canaille，ochlocracy，populace——exhibit，alas！ratherthefaultofthosewhoreignthanthefaultofthosewhosuffer；
　　ratherthefaultoftheprivilegedthanthefaultofthedisinherited。
　　Forourownpart，weneverpronouncethosewordswithoutpainandwithoutrespect，forwhenphilosophyfathomsthefactstowhichtheycorrespond，itoftenfindsmanyagrandeurbesidethesemiseries。
　　Athenswasanochlocracy；thebeggarswerethemakingofHolland；
　　thepopulacesavedRomemorethanonce；andtherabblefollowedJesusChrist。
　　Thereisnothinkerwhohasnotattimescontemplatedthemagnificencesofthelowerclasses。
　　ItwasofthisrabblethatSaintJeromewasthinking，nodoubt，andofallthesepoorpeopleandallthesevagabondsandallthesemiserablepeoplewhencesprangtheapostlesandthemartyrs，whenheutteredthismysterioussaying:"Fexurbis，lexorbis，"——
　　thedregsofthecity，thelawoftheearth。
　　Theexasperationsofthiscrowdwhichsuffersandbleeds，itsviolencescontrarytoallsense，directedagainsttheprincipleswhichareitslife，itsmasterfuldeedsagainsttheright，areitspopularcoupsd’etatandshouldberepressed。Themanofprobitysacrificeshimself，andoutofhisveryloveforthiscrowd，hecombatsit。Buthowexcusablehefeelsitevenwhileholdingoutagainstit！Howheveneratesitevenwhileresistingit！
　　Thisisoneofthoseraremomentswhen，whiledoingthatwhichitisone’sdutytodo，onefeelssomethingwhichdisconcertsone，andwhichwoulddissuadeonefromproceedingfurther；onepersists，itisnecessary，butconscience，thoughsatisfied，issad，andtheaccomplishmentofdutyiscomplicatedwithapainattheheart。
　　June，1848，letushastentosay，wasanexceptionalfact，andalmostimpossibleofclassification，inthephilosophyofhistory。
　　Allthewordswhichwehavejustuttered，mustbediscarded，whenitbecomesaquestionofthisextraordinaryrevolt，inwhichonefeelstheholyanxietyoftoilclaimingitsrights。Itwasnecessarytocombatit，andthiswasaduty，foritattackedtherepublic。
　　ButwhatwasJune，1848，atbottom？Arevoltofthepeopleagainstitself。
　　Wherethesubjectisnotlostsightof，thereisnodigression；
　　maywe，then，bepermittedtoarrestthereader’sattentionforamomentonthetwoabsolutelyuniquebarricadesofwhichwehavejustspokenandwhichcharacterizedthisinsurrection。
　　OneblockedtheentrancetotheFaubourgSaintAntoine；theotherdefendedtheapproachtotheFaubourgduTemple；thosebeforewhomthesetwofearfulmasterpiecesofcivilwarrearedthemselvesbeneaththebrilliantblueskyofJune，willneverforgetthem。
　　TheSaint—Antoinebarricadewastremendous；itwasthreestorieshigh，andsevenhundredfeetwide。Itbarredthevastopeningofthefaubourg，thatistosay，threestreets，fromangletoangle；
　　ravined，jagged，cutup，divided，crenelated，withanimmenserent，buttressedwithpilesthatwerebastionsinthemselvesthrowingoutcapeshereandthere，powerfullybackedupbytwogreatpromontoriesofhousesofthefaubourg，itreareditselflikeacyclopeandikeattheendoftheformidableplacewhichhadseenthe14thofJuly。
　　Nineteenbarricadeswereranged，onebehindtheother，inthedepthsofthestreetsbehindthisprincipalbarricade。Attheverysightofit，onefelttheagonizingsufferingintheimmensefaubourg，whichhadreachedthatpointofextremitywhenadistressmaybecomeacatastrophe。Ofwhatwasthatbarricademade？Oftheruinsofthreesix—storyhousesdemolishedexpressly，saidsome。
　　Oftheprodigyofallwraths，saidothers。Itworethelamentableaspectofallconstructionsofhatred，ruin。Itmightbeasked:
　　Whobuiltthis？Itmightalsobesaid:Whodestroyedthis？
　　Itwastheimprovisationoftheebullition。Hold！takethisdoor！thisgrating！thispenthouse！thischimney—piece！thisbrokenbrazier！thiscrackedpot！Giveall！castawayall！
　　Pushthisroll，dig，dismantle，overturn，ruineverything！
　　Itwasthecollaborationofthepavement，theblockofstone，thebeam，thebarofiron，therag，thescrap，thebrokenpane，theunseatedchair，thecabbage—stalk，thetatter，therag，andthemalediction。Itwasgrandanditwaspetty。Itwastheabyssparodiedonthepublicplacebyhubbub。Themassbesidetheatom；
　　thestripofruinedwallandthebrokenbowl，——threateningfraternizationofeverysortofrubbish。SisyphushadthrownhisrockthereandJobhispotsherd。Terrible，inshort。Itwastheacropolisofthebarefooted。Overturnedcartsbroketheuniformityoftheslope；animmensedraywasspreadouttherecrossways，itsaxlepointingheavenward，andseemedascaronthattumultuousfacade；
　　anomnibushoistedgayly，bymainforce，totheverysummitoftheheap，asthoughthearchitectsofthisbitofsavageryhadwishedtoaddatouchofthestreeturchinhumortotheirterror，presenteditshorseless，unharnessedpoletonooneknowswhathorsesoftheair。Thisgiganticheap，thealluviumoftherevolt，figuredtothemindanOssaonPelionofallrevolutions；’93on’89，the9thofThermidoronthe10thofAugust，the18thofBrumaireonthe11thofJanuary，VendemiaireonPrairial，1848on1830。
　　ThesituationdeservedthetroubleandthisbarricadewasworthytofigureontheveryspotwhencetheBastillehaddisappeared。
　　Iftheoceanmadedikes，itisthusthatitwouldbuild。
　　Thefuryofthefloodwasstampeduponthisshapelessmass。
　　Whatflood？Thecrowd。Onethoughtonebeheldhubbubpetrified。
　　Onethoughtoneheardhummingabovethisbarricadeasthoughtherehadbeenovertheirhive，enormous，darkbeesofviolentprogress。
　　Wasitathicket？Wasitabacchanalia？Wasitafortress？
　　Vertigoseemedtohaveconstructeditwithblowsofitswings。
　　Therewassomethingofthecess—poolinthatredoubtandsomethingOlympianinthatconfusion。Onetherebeheldinapell—mellfullofdespair，theraftersofroofs，bitsofgarretwindowswiththeirfiguredpaper，windowsasheswiththeirglassplantedthereintheruinsawaitingthecannon，wrecksofchimneys，cupboards，tables，benches，howlingtopsyturveydom，andthosethousandpoverty—strickenthings，theveryrefuseofthemendicant，whichcontainatthesametimefuryandnothingness。Onewouldhavesaidthatitwasthetattersofapeople，ragsofwood，ofiron，ofbronze，ofstone，andthattheFaubourgSaintAntoinehadthrustitthereatitsdoor，withacolossalflourishofthebroommakingofitsmiseryitsbarricade。Blocksresemblingheadsman’sblocks，dislocatedchains，piecesofwoodworkwithbracketshavingtheformofgibbets，horizontalwheelsprojectingfromtherubbish，amalgamatedwiththisedificeofanarchythesombrefigureoftheoldtorturesenduredbythepeople。ThebarricadeSaintAntoineconvertedeverythingintoaweapon；everythingthatcivilwarcouldthrowattheheadofsocietyproceededthence；itwasnotcombat，itwasaparoxysm；thecarbineswhichdefendedthisredoubt，amongwhichthereweresomeblunderbusses，sentbitsofearthenwarebones，coat—buttons，eventhecastersfromnight—stands，dangerousprojectilesonaccountofthebrass。Thisbarricadewasfurious；
　　ithurledtothecloudsaninexpressibleclamor；atcertainmoments，whenprovokingthearmy，itwascoveredwiththrongsandtempest；
　　atumultuouscrowdofflamingheadscrownedit；aswarmfilledit；
　　ithadathornycrestofguns，ofsabres，ofcudgels，ofaxes，ofpikesandofbayonets；avastredflagflappedinthewind；
　　shoutsofcommand，songsofattack，therollofdrums，thesobsofwomenandburstsofgloomylaughterfromthestarvingweretobeheardthere。Itwashugeandliving，and，likethebackofanelectricbeast，thereproceededfromitlittleflashesoflightning。
　　ThespiritofrevolutioncoveredwithitscloudthissummitwhererumbledthatvoiceofthepeoplewhichresemblesthevoiceofGod；
　　astrangemajestywasemittedbythistitanicbasketofrubbish。
　　ItwasaheapoffilthanditwasSinai。
　　Aswehavesaidpreviously，itattackedinthenameoftherevolution——what？Therevolution。It——thatbarricade，chance，hazard，disorder，terror，misunderstanding，theunknown——
　　hadfacingittheConstituentAssembly，thesovereigntyofthepeople，universalsuffrage，thenation，therepublic；
　　anditwastheCarmagnolebiddingdefiancetotheMarseillaise。
　　Immensebutheroicdefiance，fortheoldfaubourgisahero。
　　Thefaubourganditsredoubtlenteachotherassistance。Thefaubourgshoulderedtheredoubt，theredoubttookitsstandundercoverofthefaubourg。ThevastbarricadespreadoutlikeacliffagainstwhichthestrategyoftheAfricangeneralsdasheditself。Itscaverns，itsexcrescences，itswarts，itsgibbosities，grimaced，sotospeak，andgrinnedbeneaththesmoke。Themitraillevanishedinshapelessness；
　　thebombsplungedintoit；bulletsonlysucceededinmakingholesinit；whatwastheuseofcannonadingchaos？andtheregiments，accustomedtothefiercestvisionsofwar，gazedwithuneasyeyesonthatspeciesofredoubt，awildbeastinitsboar—likebristlingandamountainbyitsenormoussize。
　　Aquarterofaleagueaway，fromthecorneroftheRueduTemplewhichdebouchesontheboulevardneartheChateaud’Eau，ifonethrustone’sheadbodilybeyondthepointformedbythefrontoftheDallemagneshop，oneperceivedinthedistance，beyondthecanal，inthestreetwhichmountstheslopesofBellevilleattheculminatingpointoftherise，astrangewallreachingtothesecondstoryofthehousefronts，asortofhyphenbetweenthehousesontherightandthehousesontheleft，asthoughthestreethadfoldedbackonitselfitsloftiestwallinordertocloseitselfabruptly。
　　Thiswallwasbuiltofpaving—stones。Itwasstraight，correct，cold，perpendicular，levelledwiththesquare，laidoutbyruleandline。
　　Cementwaslacking，ofcourse，but，asinthecaseofcertainRomanwalls，withoutinterferingwithitsrigidarchitecture。
　　Theentablaturewasmathematicallyparallelwiththebase。
　　Fromdistancetodistance，onecoulddistinguishonthegraysurface，almostinvisibleloopholeswhichresembledblackthreads。
　　Theseloopholeswereseparatedfromeachotherbyequalspaces。
　　Thestreetwasdesertedasfarastheeyecouldreach。Allwindowsanddoorswereclosed。Inthebackgroundrosethisbarrier，whichmadeablindthoroughfareofthestreet，amotionlessandtranquilwall；
　　noonewasvisible，nothingwasaudible；notacry，notasound，notabreath。Asepulchre。
　　ThedazzlingsunofJuneinundatedthisterriblethingwithlight。
　　ItwasthebarricadeoftheFaubourgoftheTemple。
　　Assoonasonearrivedonthespot，andcaughtsightofit，itwasimpossible，evenfortheboldest，nottobecomethoughtfulbeforethismysteriousapparition。Itwasadjusted，jointed，imbricated，rectilinear，symmetricalandfunereal。Scienceandgloommetthere。Onefeltthatthechiefofthisbarricadewasageometricianoraspectre。Onelookedatitandspokelow。
　　Fromtimetotime，ifsomesoldier，anofficerorrepresentativeofthepeople，chancedtotraversethedesertedhighway，afaint，sharpwhistlewasheard，andthepasser—byfelldeadorwounded，or，ifheescapedthebullet，sometimesabiscaienwasseentoensconceitselfinsomeclosedshutter，intheintersticebetweentwoblocksofstone，orintheplasterofawall。Forthemeninthebarricadehadmadethemselvestwosmallcannonsoutoftwocast—ironlengthsofgas—pipe，pluggedupatoneendwithtowandfire—clay。
　　Therewasnowasteofuselesspowder。Nearlyeveryshottold。
　　Therewerecorpseshereandthere，andpoolsofbloodonthepavement。
　　Irememberawhitebutterflywhichwentandcameinthestreet。
　　Summerdoesnotabdicate。
　　Intheneighborhood，thespacesbeneaththeportescochereswereencumberedwithwounded。
　　Onefeltoneselfaimedatbysomepersonwhomonedidnotsee，andoneunderstoodthatgunswerelevelledatthewholelengthofthestreet。
　　MassedbehindthesortofslopingridgewhichthevaultedcanalformsattheentrancetotheFaubourgduTemple，thesoldiersoftheattackingcolumn，gravelyandthoughtfully，watchedthisdismalredoubt，thisimmobility，thispassivity，whencesprangdeath。
　　Somecrawledflatontheirfacesasfarasthecrestofthecurveofthebridge，takingcarethattheirshakosdidnotprojectbeyondit。
　　ThevaliantColonelMonteynardadmiredthisbarricadewithashudder。——"Howthatisbuilt！"hesaidtoaRepresentative。
　　"Notonepaving—stoneprojectsbeyonditsneighbor。Itismadeofporcelain。"——Atthatmoment，abulletbrokethecrossonhisbreast，andhefell。
　　"Thecowards！"peoplesaid。"Letthemshowthemselves。Letusseethem！Theydarenot！Theyarehiding！"
　　ThebarricadeoftheFaubourgduTemple，defendedbyeightymen，attackedbytenthousand，heldoutforthreedays。Onthefourth，theydidasatZaatcha，asatConstantine，theypiercedthehouses，theycameovertheroofs，thebarricadewastaken。Notoneoftheeightycowardsthoughtofflight，allwerekilledtherewiththeexceptionoftheleader，Barthelemy，ofwhomweshallspeakpresently。
　　TheSaint—Antoinebarricadewasthetumultofthunders；thebarricadeoftheTemplewassilence。Thedifferencebetweenthesetworedoubtswasthedifferencebetweentheformidableandthesinister。
　　Oneseemedamaw；theotheramask。
　　AdmittingthatthegiganticandgloomyinsurrectionofJunewascomposedofawrathandofanenigma，onedivinedinthefirstbarricadethedragon，andbehindthesecondthesphinx。
　　Thesetwofortresseshadbeenerectedbytwomennamed，theone，Cournet，theother，Barthelemy。CournetmadetheSaint—Antoinebarricade；BarthelemythebarricadeoftheTemple。
　　Eachwastheimageofthemanwhohadbuiltit。
　　Cournetwasamanofloftystature；hehadbroadshoulders，aredface，acrushingfist，aboldheart，aloyalsoul，asincereandterribleeye。
　　Intrepid，energetic，irascible，stormy；themostcordialofmen，themostformidableofcombatants。War，strife，conflict，weretheveryairhebreathedandputhiminagoodhumor。Hehadbeenanofficerinthenavy，and，fromhisgesturesandhisvoice，onedivinedthathesprangfromtheocean，andthathecamefromthetempest；
　　hecarriedthehurricaneonintobattle。Withtheexceptionofthegenius，therewasinCournetsomethingofDanton，as，withtheexceptionofthedivinity，therewasinDantonsomethingofHercules。
　　Barthelemy，thin，feeble，pale，taciturn，wasasortoftragicstreeturchin，who，havinghadhisearsboxedbyapoliceman，layinwaitforhim，andkilledhim，andatseventeenwassenttothegalleys。Hecameoutandmadethisbarricade。
　　Lateron，fatalcircumstance，inLondon，proscribedbyall，BarthelemyslewCournet。Itwasafunerealduel。Sometimeafterwards，caughtinthegearingofoneofthosemysteriousadventuresinwhichpassionplaysapart，acatastropheinwhichFrenchjusticeseesextenuatingcircumstances，andinwhichEnglishjusticeseesonlydeath，Barthelemywashanged。Thesombresocialconstructionissomadethat，thankstomaterialdestitution，thankstomoralobscurity，thatunhappybeingwhopossessedanintelligence，certainlyfirm，possiblygreat，beganinFrancewiththegalleys，andendedinEnglandwiththegallows。Barthelemy，onoccasion，flewbutoneflag，theblackflag。
　　CHAPTERII
　　WHATISTOBEDONEINTHEABYSSIFONEDOESNOTCONVERSE
　　Sixteenyearscountinthesubterraneaneducationofinsurrection，andJune，1848，knewagreatdealmoreaboutitthanJune，1832。
　　SothebarricadeoftheRuedelaChanvreriewasonlyanoutline，andanembryocomparedtothetwocolossalbarricadeswhichwehavejustsketched；butitwasformidableforthatepoch。
　　TheinsurgentsundertheeyeofEnjolras，forMariusnolongerlookedafteranything，hadmadegooduseofthenight。Thebarricadehadbeennotonlyrepaired，butaugmented。Theyhadraisedittwofeet。
　　Barsofironplantedinthepavementresembledlancesinrest。
　　Allsortsofrubbishbroughtandaddedfromalldirectionscomplicatedtheexternalconfusion。Theredoubthadbeencleverlymadeover，intoawallontheinsideandathicketontheoutside。
　　Thestaircaseofpaving—stoneswhichpermittedonetomountitlikethewallofacitadelhadbeenreconstructed。
　　Thebarricadehadbeenputinorder，thetap—roomdisencumbered，thekitchenappropriatedfortheambulance，thedressingofthewoundedcompleted，thepowderscatteredonthegroundandonthetableshadbeengatheredup，bulletsrun，cartridgesmanufactured，lintscraped，thefallenweaponsre—distributed，theinterioroftheredoubtcleaned，therubbishsweptup，corpsesremoved。
　　TheylaidthedeadinaheapintheMondetourlane，ofwhichtheywerestillthemasters。Thepavementwasredforalongtimeatthatspot。
　　AmongthedeadtherewerefourNationalGuardsmenofthesuburbs。
　　Enjolrashadtheiruniformslaidaside。
　　Enjolrashadadvisedtwohoursofsleep。AdvicefromEnjolraswasacommand。Still，onlythreeorfourtookadvantageofit。
　　Feuillyemployedthesetwohoursinengravingthisinscriptiononthewallwhichfacedthetavern:——
　　LONGLIVETHEPEOPLES！
　　Thesefourwords，hollowedoutintheroughstonewithanail，couldbestillreadonthewallin1848。
　　Thethreewomenhadprofitedbytherespiteofthenighttovanishdefinitely；whichallowedtheinsurgentstobreathemorefreely。
　　Theyhadfoundmeansoftakingrefugeinsomeneighboringhouse。
　　Thegreaterpartofthewoundedwereable，andwished，tofightstill。
　　Onalitterofmattressesandtrussesofstrawinthekitchen，whichhadbeenconvertedintoanambulance，therewerefivemengravelywounded，twoofwhomweremunicipalguardsmen。Themunicipalguardsmenwereattendedtofirst。
　　Inthetap—roomthereremainedonlyMabeufunderhisblackclothandJavertboundtohispost。
　　"Thisisthehallofthedead，"saidEnjolras。
　　Intheinteriorofthishall，barelylightedbyacandleatoneend，themortuarytablebeingbehindthepostlikeahorizontalbar，asortofvast，vaguecrossresultedfromJaverterectandMabeuflyingprone。
　　Thepoleoftheomnibus，althoughsnappedoffbythefusillade，wasstillsufficientlyuprighttoadmitoftheirfasteningtheflagtoit。
　　Enjolras，whopossessedthatqualityofaleader，ofalwaysdoingwhathesaid，attachedtothisstaffthebullet—riddenandbloodycoatoftheoldman’s。
　　Norepasthadbeenpossible。Therewasneitherbreadnormeat。
　　Thefiftymeninthebarricadehadspeedilyexhaustedthescantyprovisionsofthewine—shopduringthesixteenhourswhichtheyhadpassedthere。Atagivenmoment，everybarricadeinevitablybecomestheraftoflaMeduse。Theywereobligedtoresignthemselvestohunger。
　　TheyhadthenreachedthefirsthoursofthatSpartandayofthe6thofJunewhen，inthebarricadeSaint—Merry，Jeanne，surroundedbytheinsurgentswhodemandedbread，repliedtoallcombatantscrying:
　　"Somethingtoeat！"with:"Why？Itisthreeo’clock；atfourweshallbedead。"
　　Astheycouldnolongereat，Enjolrasforbadethemtodrink。
　　Heinterdictedwine，andportionedoutthebrandy。
　　Theyhadfoundinthecellarfifteenfullbottleshermeticallysealed。
　　EnjolrasandCombeferreexaminedthem。Combeferrewhenhecameupagainsaid:——"It’stheoldstockofFatherHucheloup，whobeganbusinessasagrocer。"——"Itmustberealwine，"
　　observedBossuet。"It’sluckythatGrantaireisasleep。Ifhewereonfoot，therewouldbeagooddealofdifficultyinsavingthosebottles。"——Enjolras，inspiteofallmurmurs，placedhisvetoonthefifteenbottles，and，inorderthatnoonemighttouchthem，hehadthemplacedunderthetableonwhichFatherMabeufwaslying。
　　Abouttwoo’clockinthemorning，theyreckoneduptheirstrength。
　　Therewerestillthirty—sevenofthem。
　　Thedaybegantodawn。Thetorch，whichhadbeenreplacedinitscavityinthepavement，hadjustbeenextinguished。Theinteriorofthebarricade，thatspeciesoftinycourtyardappropriatedfromthestreet，wasbathedinshadows，andresembled，athwartthevague，twilighthorror，thedeckofadisabledship。Thecombatants，astheywentandcame，movedabouttherelikeblackforms。
　　Abovethatterriblenesting—placeofgloomthestoriesofthemutehouseswerelividlyoutlined；attheverytop，thechimneysstoodpalelyout。Theskywasofthatcharming，undecidedhue，whichmaybewhiteandmaybeblue。Birdsflewaboutinitwithcriesofjoy。Theloftyhousewhichformedthebackofthebarricade，beingturnedtotheEast，haduponitsroofarosyreflection。
　　Themorningbreezeruffledthegrayhairontheheadofthedeadmanatthethird—storywindow。
　　"Iamdelightedthatthetorchhasbeenextinguished，"saidCourfeyractoFeuilly。"Thattorchflickeringinthewindannoyedme。
　　Ithadtheappearanceofbeingafraid。Thelightoftorchesresemblesthewisdomofcowards；itgivesabadlightbecauseittrembles。"
　　Dawnawakensmindsasitdoesthebirds；allbegantotalk。
　　Joly，perceivingacatprowlingonagutter，extractedphilosophyfromit。
　　"Whatisthecat？"heexclaimed。"Itisacorrective。ThegoodGod，havingmadethemouse，said:`Hullo！Ihavecommittedablunder。’
　　Andsohemadethecat。Thecatistheerratumofthemouse。
　　Themouse，plusthecat，istheproofofcreationrevisedandcorrected。"
　　Combeferre，surroundedbystudentsandartisans，wasspeakingofthedead，ofJeanProuvaire，ofBahorel，ofMabeuf，andevenofCabuc，andofEnjolras’sadseverity。Hesaid:——
　　"HarmodiusandAristogiton，Brutus，Chereas，Stephanus，Cromwell，CharlotteCorday，Sand，haveallhadtheirmomentofagonywhenitwastoolate。Ourheartsquiverso，andhumanlifeissuchamysterythat，eveninthecaseofacivicmurder，eveninamurderforliberation，iftherebesuchathing，theremorseforhavingstruckamansurpassesthejoyofhavingservedthehumanrace。"
　　And，sucharethewindingsoftheexchangeofspeech，that，amomentlater，byatransitionbroughtaboutthroughJeanProuvaire’sverses，CombeferrewascomparingthetranslatorsoftheGeorgics，RauxwithCournand，CournandwithDelille，pointingoutthepassagestranslatedbyMalfilatre，particularlytheprodigiesofCaesar’sdeath；
　　andatthatword，Caesar，theconversationrevertedtoBrutus。
　　"Caesar，"saidCombeferre，"felljustly。CicerowasseveretowardsCaesar，andhewasright。Thatseverityisnotdiatribe。WhenZoilusinsultsHomer，whenMaeviusinsultsVirgil，whenViseinsultsMoliere，whenPopeinsultsShakspeare，whenFredericinsultsVoltaire，itisanoldlawofenvyandhatredwhichisbeingcarriedout；
　　geniusattractsinsult，greatmenarealwaysmoreorlessbarkedat。
　　ButZoilusandCiceroaretwodifferentpersons。Ciceroisanarbiterinthought，justasBrutusisanarbiterbythesword。Formyownpart，Iblamethatlastjustice，theblade；but，antiquityadmittedit。
　　Caesar，theviolatoroftheRubicon，conferring，asthoughtheycamefromhim，thedignitieswhichemanatedfromthepeople，notrisingattheentranceofthesenate，committedtheactsofakingandalmostofatyrant，regiaacpenetyrannica。
　　Hewasagreatman；somuchtheworse，orsomuchthebetter；
　　thelessonisbutthemoreexalted。Histwenty—threewoundstouchmelessthanthespittinginthefaceofJesusChrist。
　　Caesarisstabbedbythesenators；Christiscuffedbylackeys。
　　OnefeelstheGodthroughthegreateroutrage。"
　　Bossuet，whotoweredabovetheinterlocutorsfromthesummitofaheapofpaving—stones，exclaimed，rifleinhand:——
　　"OhCydathenaeum，OhMyrrhinus，OhProbalinthus，OhgracesoftheAEantides！Oh！WhowillgrantmetopronouncetheversesofHomerlikeaGreekofLauriumorofEdapteon？"
　　CHAPTERIII
　　LIGHTANDSHADOW
　　Enjolrashadbeentomakeareconnaissance。HehadmadehiswayoutthroughMondetourlane，glidingalongclosetothehouses。
　　Theinsurgents，wewillremark，werefullofhope。Themannerinwhichtheyhadrepulsedtheattackoftheprecedingnighthadcausedthemtoalmostdisdaininadvancetheattackatdawn。Theywaitedforitwithasmile。Theyhadnomoredoubtastotheirsuccessthanastotheircause。Moreover，succorwas，evidently，onthewaytothem。
　　Theyreckonedonit。WiththatfacilityoftriumphantprophecywhichisoneofthesourcesofstrengthintheFrenchcombatant，theydividedthedaywhichwasathandintothreedistinctphases。
　　Atsixo’clockinthemorningaregiment"whichhadbeenlaboredwith，"wouldturn；atnoon，theinsurrectionofallParis；
　　atsunset，revolution。
　　TheyheardthealarmbellofSaint—Merry，whichhadnotbeensilentforaninstantsincethenightbefore；aproofthattheotherbarricade，thegreatone，Jeanne’s，stillheldout。
　　Allthesehopeswereexchangedbetweenthedifferentgroupsinasortofgayandformidablewhisperwhichresembledthewarlikehumofahiveofbees。
　　Enjolrasreappeared。Hereturnedfromhissombreeagleflightintoouterdarkness。Helistenedforamomenttoallthisjoywithfoldedarms，andonehandonhismouth。Then，freshandrosyinthegrowingwhitenessofthedawn，hesaid:
　　"ThewholearmyofParisistostrike。Athirdofthearmyisbearingdownuponthebarricadesinwhichyounoware。ThereistheNationalGuardinaddition。Ihavepickedouttheshakosofthefifthoftheline，andthestandard—bearersofthesixthlegion。Inonehouryouwillbeattacked。Asforthepopulace，itwasseethingyesterday，to—dayitisnotstirring。Thereisnothingtoexpect；nothingtohopefor。
　　Neitherfromafaubourgnorfromaregiment。Youareabandoned。"
　　Thesewordsfelluponthebuzzingofthegroups，andproducedonthemtheeffectcausedonaswarmofbeesbythefirstdropsofastorm。
　　Amomentofindescribablesilenceensued，inwhichdeathmighthavebeenheardflittingby。
　　Thismomentwasbrief。
　　AvoicefromtheobscurestdepthsofthegroupsshoutedtoEnjolras:
　　"Sobeit。Letusraisethebarricadetoaheightoftwentyfeet，andletusallremaininit。Citizens，letusoffertheprotestsofcorpses。Letusshowthat，ifthepeopleabandontherepublicans，therepublicansdonotabandonthepeople。"
　　Thesewordsfreedthethoughtofallfromthepainfulcloudofindividualanxieties。Itwashailedwithanenthusiasticacclamation。
　　Nooneeverhasknownthenameofthemanwhospokethus；hewassomeunknownblouse—wearer，astranger，amanforgotten，apassinghero，thatgreatanonymous，alwaysmingledinhumancrisesandinsocialgeneseswho，atagivenmoment，uttersinasupremefashionthedecisiveword，andwhovanishesintotheshadowsafterhavingrepresentedforaminute，inalightningflash，thepeopleandGod。
　　Thisinexorableresolutionsothoroughlyimpregnatedtheairofthe6thofJune，1832，that，almostattheverysamehour，onthebarricadeSaint—Merry，theinsurgentswereraisingthatclamorwhichhasbecomeamatterofhistoryandwhichhasbeenconsignedtothedocumentsinthecase:——"Whatmattersitwhethertheycometoourassistanceornot？Letusgetourselveskilledhere，totheverylastman。"
　　Asthereadersees，thetwobarricades，thoughmateriallyisolated，wereincommunicationwitheachother。
　　CHAPTERIV
　　MINUSFIVE，PLUSONE
　　Afterthemanwhodecreedthe"protestofcorpses"hadspoken，andhadgiventhisformulaoftheircommonsoul，thereissuedfromallmouthsastrangelysatisfiedandterriblecry，funerealinsenseandtriumphantintone:
　　"Longlivedeath！Letusallremainhere！"
　　"Whyall？"saidEnjolras。
　　"All！All！"
　　Enjolrasresumed:
　　"Thepositionisgood；thebarricadeisfine。Thirtymenareenough。
　　Whysacrificeforty？"
　　Theyreplied:
　　"Becausenotonewillgoaway。"
　　"Citizens，"criedEnjolras，andtherewasanalmostirritatedvibrationinhisvoice，"thisrepublicisnotrichenoughinmentoindulgeinuselessexpenditureofthem。Vain—gloryiswaste。
　　Ifthedutyofsomeistodepart，thatdutyshouldbefulfilledlikeanyother。"
　　Enjolras，theman—principle，hadoverhisco—religioniststhatsortofomnipotentpowerwhichemanatesfromtheabsolute。Still，greataswasthisomnipotence，amurmurarose。Aleadertotheveryfinger—tips，Enjolras，seeingthattheymurmured，insisted。Heresumedhaughtily:
　　"Letthosewhoareafraidofnotnumberingmorethanthirtysayso。"
　　Themurmursredoubled。
　　"Besides，"observedavoiceinonegroup，"itiseasyenoughtotalkaboutleaving。Thebarricadeishemmedin。"
　　"NotonthesideoftheHalles，"saidEnjolras。"TheRueMondetourisfree，andthroughtheRuedesPrecheursonecanreachtheMarchedesInnocents。"
　　"Andthere，"wentonanothervoice，"youwouldbecaptured。
　　Youwouldfallinwithsomegrandguardofthelineorthesuburbs；
　　theywillspyamanpassinginblouseandcap。`Whencecomeyou？’
　　`Don’tyoubelongtothebarricade？’Andtheywilllookatyourhands。
　　Yousmellofpowder。Shot。"
　　Enjolras，withoutmakinganyreply，touchedCombeferre’sshoulder，andthetwoenteredthetap—room。
　　Theyemergedthenceamomentlater。Enjolrasheldinhisoutstretchedhandsthefouruniformswhichhehadlaidaside。
　　Combeferrefollowed，carryingtheshoulder—beltsandtheshakos。
　　"Withthisuniform，"saidEnjolras，"youcanminglewiththeranksandescape；hereisenoughforfour。"Andheflungontheground，deprivedofitspavement，thefouruniforms。
　　Nowaveringtookplaceinhisstoicalaudience。Combeferretooktheword。
　　"Come，saidhe，"youmusthavealittlepity。Doyouknowwhatthequestionishere？Itisaquestionofwomen。Seehere。Aretherewomenoraretherenot？Aretherechildrenoraretherenot？
　　Aretheremothers，yesorno，whorockcradleswiththeirfootandwhohavealotoflittleonesaroundthem？Letthatmanofyouwhohasneverbeheldanurse’sbreastraisehishand。Ah！youwanttogetyourselveskilled，sodoI——I，whoamspeakingtoyou；
　　butIdonotwanttofeelthephantomsofwomenwreathingtheirarmsaroundme。Die，ifyouwill，butdon’tmakeothersdie。
　　Suicideslikethatwhichisonthebrinkofaccomplishmentherearesublime；butsuicideisnarrow，anddoesnotadmitofextension；
　　andassoonasittouchesyourneighbors，suicideismurder。
　　Thinkofthelittleblondheads；thinkofthewhitelocks。
　　Listen，EnjolrashasjusttoldmethathesawatthecorneroftheRueduCygnealightedcasement，acandleinapoorwindow，onthefifthfloor，andonthepanethequiveringshadowoftheheadofanoldwoman，whohadtheairofhavingspentthenightinwatching。
　　Perhapssheisthemotherofsomeoneofyou。Well，letthatmango，andmakehaste，tosaytohismother:`HereIam，mother！’Lethimfeelatease，thetaskherewillbeperformedallthesame。
　　Whenonesupportsone’srelativesbyone’stoil，onehasnottherighttosacrificeone’sself。Thatisdesertingone’sfamily。
　　Andthosewhohavedaughters！whatareyouthinkingof？Yougetyourselveskilled，youaredead，thatiswell。Andtomorrow？Younggirlswithoutbread——thatisaterriblething。Manbegs，womansells。
　　Ah！thosecharmingandgraciousbeings，sograciousandsosweet，whohavebonnetsofflowers，whofillthehousewithpurity，whosingandprattle，whoarelikealivingperfume，whoprovetheexistenceofangelsinheavenbythepurityofvirginsonearth，thatJeanne，thatLise，thatMimi，thoseadorableandhonestcreatureswhoareyourblessingsandyourpride，ah！goodGod，theywillsufferhunger！
　　Whatdoyouwantmetosaytoyou？Thereisamarketforhumanflesh；
　　anditisnotwithyourshadowyhands，shudderingaroundthem，thatyouwillpreventthemfromenteringit！Thinkofthestreet，thinkofthepavementcoveredwithpassers—by，thinkoftheshopspastwhichwomengoandcomewithnecksallbare，andthroughthemire。
　　Thesewomen，too，werepureonce。Thinkofyoursisters，thoseofyouwhohavethem。Misery，prostitution，thepolice，Saint—Lazare——
　　thatiswhatthosebeautiful，delicategirls，thosefragilemarvelsofmodesty，gentlenessandloveliness，fresherthanlilacsinthemonthofMay，willcometo。Ah！youhavegotyourselveskilled！
　　Youarenolongeronhand！Thatiswell；youhavewishedtoreleasethepeoplefromRoyalty，andyoudeliveroveryourdaughterstothepolice。Friends，haveacare，havemercy。Women，unhappywomen，wearenotinthehabitofbestowingmuchthoughtonthem。
　　Wetrusttothewomennothavingreceivedaman’seducation，wepreventtheirreading，wepreventtheirthinking，wepreventtheiroccupyingthemselveswithpolitics；willyoupreventthemfromgoingtothedead—housethisevening，andrecognizingyourbodies？
　　Letussee，thosewhohavefamiliesmustbetractable，andshakehandswithusandtakethemselvesoff，andleaveusherealonetoattendtothisaffair。Iknowwellthatcourageisrequiredtoleave，thatitishard；buttheharderitis，themoremeritorious。
　　Yousay:`Ihaveagun，Iamatthebarricade；somuchtheworse，Ishallremainthere。’Somuchtheworseiseasilysaid。Myfriends，thereisamorrow；youwillnotbehereto—morrow，butyourfamilieswill；
　　andwhatsufferings！See，hereisapretty，healthychild，withcheekslikeanapple，whobabbles，prattles，chatters，wholaughs，whosmellssweetbeneathyourkiss，——anddoyouknowwhatbecomesofhimwhenheisabandoned？Ihaveseenone，averysmallcreature，notallerthanthat。Hisfatherwasdead。Poorpeoplehadtakenhiminoutofcharity，buttheyhadbreadonlyforthemselves。
　　Thechildwasalwayshungry。Itwaswinter。Hedidnotcry。
　　Youcouldseehimapproachthestove，inwhichtherewasneveranyfire，andwhosepipe，youknow，wasofmasticandyellowclay。
　　Hisbreathingwashoarse，hisfacelivid，hislimbsflaccid，hisbellyprominent。Hesaidnothing。Ifyouspoketohim，hedidnotanswer。Heisdead。HewastakentotheNeckerHospital，whereIsawhim。Iwashouse—surgeoninthathospital。Now，ifthereareanyfathersamongyou，fatherswhosehappinessitistostrollonSundaysholdingtheirchild’stinyhandintheirrobusthand，leteachoneofthosefathersimaginethatthischildishisown。
　　Thatpoorbrat，Iremember，andIseemtoseehimnow，whenhelaynudeonthedissectingtable，howhisribsstoodoutonhisskinlikethegravesbeneaththegrassinacemetery。Asortofmudwasfoundinhisstomach。Therewereashesinhisteeth。Come，letusexamineourselvesconscientiouslyandtakecounselwithourheart。
　　Statisticsshowthatthemortalityamongabandonedchildrenisfifty—fivepercent。Irepeat，itisaquestionofwomen，itconcernsmothers，itconcernsyounggirls，itconcernslittlechildren。Whoistalkingtoyouofyourselves？Weknowwellwhatyouare；weknowwellthatyouareallbrave，parbleu！weknowwellthatyouallhaveinyoursoulsthejoyandthegloryofgivingyourlifeforthegreatcause；
　　weknowwellthatyoufeelyourselveselectedtodieusefullyandmagnificently，andthateachoneofyouclingstohisshareinthetriumph。Verywell。Butyouarenotaloneinthisworld。
　　Thereareotherbeingsofwhomyoumustthink。Youmustnotbeegoists。"
　　Alldroppedtheirheadswithagloomyair。
　　Strangecontradictionsofthehumanheartatitsmostsublimemoments。Combeferre，whospokethus，wasnotanorphan。
　　Herecalledthemothersofothermen，andforgothisown。
　　Hewasabouttogethimselfkilled。Hewas"anegoist。"
　　Marius，fasting，fevered，havingemergedinsuccessionfromallhope，andhavingbeenstrandedingrief，themostsombreofshipwrecks，andsaturatedwithviolentemotionsandconsciousthattheendwasnear，hadplungeddeeperanddeeperintothatvisionarystuporwhichalwaysprecedesthefatalhourvoluntarilyaccepted。
　　Aphysiologistmighthavestudiedinhimthegrowingsymptomsofthatfebrileabsorptionknownto，andclassifiedby，science，andwhichistosufferingwhatvoluptuousnessistopleasure。
　　Despair，also，hasitsecstasy。Mariushadreachedthispoint。
　　Helookedonateverythingasfromwithout；aswehavesaid，thingswhichpassedbeforehimseemedfaraway；hemadeoutthewhole，butdidnotperceivethedetails。Hebeheldmengoingandcomingasthroughaflame。Heheardvoicesspeakingasatthebottomofanabyss。
　　Butthismovedhim。Therewasinthissceneapointwhichpiercedandrousedevenhim。Hehadbutoneideanow，todie；
　　andhedidnotwishtobeturnedasidefromit，buthereflected，inhisgloomysomnambulism，thatwhiledestroyinghimself，hewasnotprohibitedfromsavingsomeoneelse。
　　Heraisedhisvoice。
　　"EnjolrasandCombeferreareright，"saidhe；"nounnecessarysacrifice。
　　Ijointhem，andyoumustmakehaste。Combeferrehassaidconvincingthingstoyou。Therearesomeamongyouwhohavefamilies，mothers，sisters，wives，children。Letsuchleavetheranks。"
　　Noonestirred。
　　"Marriedmenandthesupportersoffamilies，stepoutoftheranks！"
　　repeatedMarius。
　　Hisauthoritywasgreat。Enjolraswascertainlytheheadofthebarricade，butMariuswasitssavior。
　　"Iorderit，"criedEnjolras。
　　"Ientreatyou，"saidMarius。
　　Then，touchedbyCombeferre’swords，shakenbyEnjolras’order，touchedbyMarius’entreaty，theseheroicmenbegantodenounceeachother。——"Itistrue，"saidoneyoungmantoafullgrownman，"youarethefatherofafamily。Go。"——"Itisyourdutyrather，"
　　retortedtheman，"youhavetwosisterswhomyoumaintain。"——
　　Andanunprecedentedcontroversybrokeforth。Eachstruggledtodeterminewhichshouldnotallowhimselftobeplacedatthedoorofthetomb。
　　"Makehaste，"saidCourfeyrac，"inanotherquarterofanhouritwillbetoolate。"
　　"Citizens，"pursuedEnjolras，"thisistheRepublic，anduniversalsuffragereigns。Doyouyourselvesdesignatethosewhoaretogo。"
　　Theyobeyed。Aftertheexpirationofafewminutes，fivewereunanimouslyselectedandsteppedoutoftheranks。
　　"Therearefiveofthem！"exclaimedMarius。
　　Therewereonlyfouruniforms。
　　"Well，"beganthefive，"onemuststaybehind。"
　　Andthenastrugglearoseastowhoshouldremain，andwhoshouldfindreasonsfortheothersnotremaining。Thegenerousquarrelbeganafresh。
　　"Youhaveawifewholovesyou。"——"Youhaveyouragedmother。"——"
　　Youhaveneitherfathernormother，andwhatistobecomeofyourthreelittlebrothers？"——"Youarethefatheroffivechildren。"——"Youhavearighttolive，youareonlyseventeen，itistooearlyforyoutodie。"
　　Thesegreatrevolutionarybarricadeswereassemblingpointsforheroism。
　　Theimprobablewassimplethere。Thesemendidnotastonisheachother。
　　"Bequick，"repeatedCourfeyrac。
　　MenshoutedtoMariusfromthegroups:
　　"Doyoudesignatewhoistoremain。"
　　"Yes，"saidthefive，"choose。Wewillobeyyou。"
　　Mariusdidnotbelievethathewascapableofanotheremotion。
　　Still，atthisidea，thatofchoosingamanfordeath，hisbloodrushedbacktohisheart。Hewouldhaveturnedpale，haditbeenpossibleforhimtobecomeanypaler。
　　Headvancedtowardsthefive，whosmileduponhim，andeach，withhiseyesfullofthatgrandflamewhichonebeholdsinthedepthsofhistoryhoveringoverThermopylae，criedtohim:
　　"Me！me！me！"
　　AndMariusstupidlycountedthem；therewerestillfiveofthem！
　　Thenhisglancedroppedtothefouruniforms。
　　Atthatmoment，afifthuniformfell，asiffromheaven，upontheotherfour。
　　Thefifthmanwassaved。
　　MariusraisedhiseyesandrecognizedM。Fauchelevent。
　　JeanValjeanhadjustenteredthebarricade。
　　HehadarrivedbywayofMondetourlane，whitherbydintofinquiriesmade，orbyinstinct，orchance。ThankstohisdressofaNationalGuardsman，hehadmadehiswaywithoutdifficulty。
　　ThesentinelstationedbytheinsurgentsintheRueMondetourhadnooccasiontogivethealarmforasingleNationalGuardsman，andhehadallowedthelattertoentanglehimselfinthestreet，sayingtohimself:"Probablyitisareinforcement，inanycaseitisaprisoner。"Themomentwastoogravetoadmitofthesentinelabandoninghisdutyandhispostofobservation。
　　AtthemomentwhenJeanValjeanenteredtheredoubt，noonehadnoticedhim，alleyesbeingfixedonthefivechosenmenandthefouruniforms。JeanValjeanalsohadseenandheard，andhehadsilentlyremovedhiscoatandflungitonthepilewiththerest。
　　Theemotionarousedwasindescribable。
　　"Whoisthisman？"demandedBossuet。
　　"Heisamanwhosavesothers，"repliedCombeferre。
　　Mariusaddedinagravevoice:
　　"Iknowhim。"
　　Thisguaranteesatisfiedeveryone。
　　EnjolrasturnedtoJeanValjean。
　　"Welcome，citizen。"
　　Andheadded:
　　"Youknowthatweareabouttodie。"
　　JeanValjean，withoutreplying，helpedtheinsurgentwhomhewassavingtodonhisuniform。
　　CHAPTERV
　　THEHORIZONWHICHONEBEHOLDSFROMTHESUMMITOFABARRICADE
　　Thesituationofallinthatfatalhourandthatpitilessplace，hadasresultandculminatingpointEnjolras’suprememelancholy。
　　Enjolrasborewithinhimtheplenitudeoftherevolution；
　　hewasincomplete，however，sofarastheabsolutecanbeso；
　　hehadtoomuchofSaint—Justabouthim，andnotenoughofAnacharsisCloots；still，hismind，inthesocietyoftheFriendsoftheABC，hadendedbyundergoingacertainpolarizationfromCombeferre’sideas；forsometimepast，hehadbeengraduallyemergingfromthenarrowformofdogma，andhadallowedhimselftoinclinetothebroadeninginfluenceofprogress，andhehadcometoaccept，asadefinitiveandmagnificentevolution，thetransformationofthegreatFrenchRepublic，intotheimmensehumanrepublic。
　　Asfarastheimmediatemeanswereconcerned，aviolentsituationbeinggiven，hewishedtobeviolent；onthatpoint，henevervaried；
　　andheremainedofthatepicandredoubtableschoolwhichissummedupinthewords:"Eighty—three。"Enjolraswasstandingerectonthestaircaseofpaving—stones，oneelbowrestingonthestockofhisgun。Hewasengagedinthought；hequivered，asatthepassageofpropheticbreaths；placeswheredeathishavetheseeffectsoftripods。Asortofstifledfiredartedfromhiseyes，whichwerefilledwithaninwardlook。Allatoncehethrewbackhishead，hisblondlocksfellbacklikethoseofanangelonthesombrequadrigamadeofstars，theywerelikethemaneofastartledlionintheflamingofanhalo，andEnjolrascried:
　　"Citizens，doyoupicturethefuturetoyourselves？Thestreetsofcitiesinundatedwithlight，greenbranchesonthethresholds，nationssisters，menjust，oldmenblessingchildren，thepastlovingthepresent，thinkersentirelyatliberty，believersontermsoffullequality，forreligionheaven，Godthedirectpriest，humanconsciencebecomeanaltar，nomorehatreds，thefraternityoftheworkshopandtheschool，forsolepenaltyandrecompensefame，workforall，rightforall，peaceoverall，nomorebloodshed，nomorewars，happymothers！Toconquermatteristhefirststep；
　　torealizetheidealisthesecond。Reflectonwhatprogresshasalreadyaccomplished。Formerly，thefirsthumanracesbeheldwithterrorthehydrapassbeforetheireyes，breathingonthewaters，thedragonwhichvomitedflame，thegriffinwhowasthemonsteroftheair，andwhoflewwiththewingsofaneagleandthetalonsofatiger；fearfulbeastswhichwereaboveman。
　　Man，nevertheless，spreadhissnares，consecratedbyintelligence，andfinallyconqueredthesemonsters。Wehavevanquishedthehydra，anditiscalledthelocomotive；weareonthepointofvanquishingthegriffin，wealreadygraspit，anditiscalledtheballoon。
　　OnthedaywhenthisPrometheantaskshallbeaccomplished，andwhenmanshallhavedefinitelyharnessedtohiswillthetripleChimaeraofantiquity，thehydra，thedragonandthegriffin，hewillbethemasterofwater，fire，andofair，andhewillbefortherestofanimatedcreationthatwhichtheancientgodsformerlyweretohim。Courage，andonward！Citizens，whitherarewegoing？Tosciencemadegovernment，totheforceofthingsbecomethesolepublicforce，tothenaturallaw，havinginitselfitssanctionanditspenaltyandpromulgatingitselfbyevidence，toadawnoftruthcorrespondingtoadawnofday。Weareadvancingtotheunionofpeoples；weareadvancingtotheunityofman。
　　Nomorefictions；nomoreparasites。Therealgovernedbythetrue，thatisthegoal。CivilizationwillholditsassizesatthesummitofEurope，and，lateron，atthecentreofcontinents，inagrandparliamentoftheintelligence。Somethingsimilarhasalreadybeenseen。Theamphictyonshadtwosittingsayear，oneatDelphostheseatofthegods，theotheratThermopylae，theplaceofheroes。Europewillhaveheramphictyons；theglobewillhaveitsamphictyons。Francebearsthissublimefutureinherbreast。Thisisthegestationofthenineteenthcentury。
　　ThatwhichGreecesketchedoutisworthyofbeingfinishedbyFrance。
　　Listentome，you，Feuilly，valiantartisan，manofthepeople。
　　Irevereyou。Yes，youclearlybeholdthefuture，yes，youareright。
　　Youhadneitherfathernormother，Feuilly；youadoptedhumanityforyourmotherandrightforyourfather。Youareabouttodie，thatistosaytotriumph，here。Citizens，whateverhappensto—day，throughourdefeataswellasthroughourvictory，itisarevolutionthatweareabouttocreate。Asconflagrationslightupawholecity，sorevolutionsilluminatethewholehumanrace。
　　Andwhatistherevolutionthatweshallcause？Ihavejusttoldyou，theRevolutionoftheTrue。Fromapoliticalpointofview，thereisbutasingleprinciple；thesovereigntyofmanoverhimself。
　　ThissovereigntyofmyselfovermyselfiscalledLiberty。Wheretwoorthreeofthesesovereigntiesarecombined，thestatebegins。
　　Butinthatassociationthereisnoabdication。Eachsovereigntyconcedesacertainquantityofitself，forthepurposeofformingthecommonright。Thisquantityisthesameforallofus。
　　Thisidentityofconcessionwhicheachmakestoall，iscalledEquality。
　　Commonrightisnothingelsethantheprotectionofallbeamingontherightofeach。ThisprotectionofallovereachiscalledFraternity。Thepointofintersectionofalltheseassembledsovereigntiesiscalledsociety。Thisintersectionbeingajunction，thispointisaknot。Hencewhatiscalledthesocialbond。
　　Somesaysocialcontract；whichisthesamething，thewordcontractbeingetymologicallyformedwiththeideaofabond。
　　Letuscometoanunderstandingaboutequality；for，iflibertyisthesummit，equalityisthebase。Equality，citizens，isnotwhollyasurfacevegetation，asocietyofgreatbladesofgrassandtinyoaks；
　　aproximityofjealousieswhichrendereachothernullandvoid；
　　legallyspeaking，itisallaptitudespossessedofthesameopportunity；
　　politically，itisallvotespossessedofthesameweight；
　　religiously，itisallconsciencespossessedofthesameright。
　　Equalityhasanorgan:gratuitousandobligatoryinstruction。
　　Therighttothealphabet，thatiswherethebeginningmustbemade。Theprimaryschoolimposedonall，thesecondaryschoolofferedtoall，thatisthelaw。Fromanidenticalschool，anidenticalsocietywillspring。Yes，instruction！light！light！
　　everythingcomesfromlight，andtoiteverythingreturns。
　　Citizens，thenineteenthcenturyisgreat，butthetwentiethcenturywillbehappy。Then，therewillbenothingmorelikethehistoryofold，weshallnolonger，asto—day，havetofearaconquest，aninvasion，ausurpation，arivalryofnations，armsinhand，aninterruptionofcivilizationdependingonamarriageofkings，onabirthinhereditarytyrannies，apartitionofpeoplesbyacongress，adismembermentbecauseofthefailureofadynasty，acombatoftworeligionsmeetingfacetoface，liketwobucksinthedark，onthebridgeoftheinfinite；weshallnolongerhavetofearfamine，farmingout，prostitutionarisingfromdistress，miseryfromthefailureofworkandthescaffoldandthesword，andbattlesandtheruffianismofchanceintheforestofevents。
　　Onemightalmostsay:Therewillbenomoreevents。Weshallbehappy。Thehumanracewillaccomplishitslaw，astheterrestrialglobeaccomplishesitslaw；harmonywillbere—establishedbetweenthesoulandthestar；thesoulwillgravitatearoundthetruth，astheplanetaroundthelight。Friends，thepresenthourinwhichI
　　amaddressingyou，isagloomyhour；buttheseareterriblepurchasesofthefuture。Arevolutionisatoll。Oh！thehumanracewillbedelivered，raisedup，consoled！Weaffirmitonthisbarrier。
　　Whenceshouldproceedthatcryoflove，ifnotfromtheheightsofsacrifice？Ohmybrothers，thisisthepointofjunction，ofthosewhothinkandofthosewhosuffer；thisbarricadeisnotmadeofpaving—stones，norofjoists，norofbitsofiron；
　　itismadeoftwoheaps，aheapofideas，andaheapofwoes。
　　Heremiserymeetstheideal。Thedayembracesthenight，andsaystoit:`Iamabouttodie，andthoushaltbebornagainwithme。’Fromtheembraceofalldesolationsfaithleapsforth。
　　Sufferingsbringhithertheiragonyandideastheirimmortality。
　　Thisagonyandthisimmortalityareabouttojoinandconstituteourdeath。Brothers，hewhodiesherediesintheradianceofthefuture，andweareenteringatomballfloodedwiththedawn。"
　　Enjolraspausedratherthanbecamesilent；hislipscontinuedtomovesilently，asthoughheweretalkingtohimself，whichcausedthemalltogazeattentivelyathim，intheendeavortohearmore。
　　Therewasnoapplause；buttheywhisperedtogetherforalongtime。
　　Speechbeingabreath，therustlingofintelligencesresemblestherustlingofleaves。
　　CHAPTERVI
　　MARIUSHAGGARD，JAVERTLACONIC
　　LetusnarratewhatwaspassinginMarius’thoughts。
　　Letthereaderrecallthestateofhissoul。Wehavejustrecalledit，everythingwasavisiontohimnow。Hisjudgmentwasdisturbed。
　　Marius，letusinsistonthispoint，wasundertheshadowofthegreat，darkwingswhicharespreadoverthoseinthedeathagony。
　　Hefeltthathehadenteredthetomb，itseemedtohimthathewasalreadyontheothersideofthewall，andhenolongerbeheldthefacesofthelivingexceptwiththeeyesofonedead。
　　HowdidM。Faucheleventcomethere？Whywashethere？Whathadhecometheretodo？Mariusdidnotaddressallthesequestionstohimself。Besides，sinceourdespairhasthispeculiarity，thatitenvelopsothersaswellasourselves，itseemedlogicaltohimthatalltheworldshouldcomethithertodie。
　　Only，hethoughtofCosettewithapangathisheart。
　　However，M。Faucheleventdidnotspeaktohim，didnotlookathim，andhadnoteventheairofhearinghim，whenMariusraisedhisvoicetosay:"Iknowhim。"
　　AsfarasMariuswasconcerned，thisattitudeofM。Faucheleventwascomforting，and，ifsuchawordcanbeusedforsuchimpressions，weshouldsaythatitpleasedhim。Hehadalwaysfelttheabsoluteimpossibilityofaddressingthatenigmaticalman，whowas，inhiseyes，bothequivocalandimposing。Moreover，ithadbeenalongtimesincehehadseenhim；andthisstillfurtheraugmentedtheimpossibilityforMarius’timidandreservednature。
　　ThefivechosenmenleftthebarricadebywayofMondetourlane；
　　theyboreaperfectresemblancetomembersoftheNationalGuard。
　　Oneofthemweptashetookhisleave。Beforesettingout，theyembracedthosewhoremained。
　　Whenthefivemensentbacktolifehadtakentheirdeparture，Enjolrasthoughtofthemanwhohadbeencondemnedtodeath。
　　Heenteredthetap—room。Javert，stillboundtothepost，wasengagedinmeditation。
　　"Doyouwantanything？"Enjolrasaskedhim。
　　"Javertreplied:"Whenareyougoingtokillme？"
　　"Wait。Weneedallourcartridgesjustatpresent。"
　　"Thengivemeadrink，"saidJavert。
　　Enjolrashimselfofferedhimaglassofwater，and，asJavertwaspinioned，hehelpedhimtodrink。
　　"Isthatall？"inquiredEnjolras。
　　"Iamuncomfortableagainstthispost，"repliedJavert。
　　"Youarenottendertohaveleftmetopassthenighthere。
　　Bindmeasyouplease，butyousurelymightlaymeoutonatablelikethatotherman。"
　　Andwithamotionofthehead，heindicatedthebodyofM。Mabeuf。
　　Therewas，asthereaderwillremember，along，broadtableattheendoftheroom，onwhichtheyhadbeenrunningbulletsandmakingcartridges。Allthecartridgeshavingbeenmade，andallthepowderused，thistablewasfree。
　　AtEnjolras’command，fourinsurgentsunboundJavertfromthepost。
　　Whiletheywereloosinghim，afifthheldabayonetagainsthisbreast。
　　Leavinghisarmstiedbehindhisback，theyplacedabouthisfeetaslenderbutstoutwhip—cord，asisdonetomenonthepointofmountingthescaffold，whichallowedhimtotakestepsaboutfifteeninchesinlength，andmadehimwalktothetableattheendoftheroom，wheretheylaidhimdown，closelyboundaboutthemiddleofthebody。
　　Bywayoffurthersecurity，andbymeansofaropefastenedtohisneck，theyaddedtothesystemofligatureswhichrenderedeveryattemptatescapeimpossible，thatsortofbondwhichiscalledinprisonsamartingale，which，startingattheneck，forksonthestomach，andmeetsthehands，afterpassingbetweenthelegs。
　　WhiletheywerebindingJavert，amanstandingonthethresholdwassurveyinghimwithsingularattention。TheshadowcastbythismanmadeJavertturnhishead。Heraisedhiseyes，andrecognizedJeanValjean。Hedidnotevenstart，butdroppedhislidsproudlyandconfinedhimselftotheremark:"Itisperfectlysimple。"
　　CHAPTERVII
　　THESITUATIONBECOMESAGGRAVATED
　　Thedaylightwasincreasingrapidly。Notawindowwasopened，notadoorstoodajar；itwasthedawnbutnottheawaking。
　　TheendoftheRuedelaChanvrerie，oppositethebarricade，hadbeenevacuatedbythetroops，aswehavestateditseemedtobefree，andpresenteditselftopassers—bywithasinistertranquillity。
　　TheRueSaint—DeniswasasdumbastheavenueofSphinxesatThebes。
　　Notalivingbeinginthecross—roads，whichgleamedwhiteinthelightofthesun。Nothingissomournfulasthislightindesertedstreets。
　　Nothingwastobeseen，buttherewassomethingtobeheard。