IhavealreadynoticedtheimputationsthrownbytheChevalierJohnstoneonthePrince’scourage。Butsomepartatleastofthatgentleman’staleispurelyromantic。Itwouldnot，forinstance，besupposed，thatatthetimeheisfavouringuswiththehighly-wroughtaccountofhisamourwiththeadorablePeggie，theChevalierJohnstonewasamarriedman，whosegrandchildisnowalive，orthatthewholecircumstantialstoryconcerningtheoutrageousvengeancetakenbyGordonofAbbachieonaPresbyterianclergyman，isentirelyapocryphal。Atthesametimeitmaybeadmitted，thatthePrince，likeothersofhisfamily，didnotesteemtheservicesdonehimbyhisadherentssohighlyasheought。Educatedinhighideasofhishereditaryright，hehasbeensupposedtohaveheldeveryexertionandsacrificemadeinhiscauseastoomuchthedutyofthepersonmakingit，tomeritextravagantgratitudeonhispart。Dr。King’sevidencewhichhisleavingtheJacobiteinterestrenderssomewhatdoubtfulgoestostrengthenthisopinion。
　　TheingeniouseditorofJohnstone’sMemoirshasquotedastorysaidtobetoldbyHelvetius，statingthatPrinceCharlesEdward，farfromvoluntarilyembarkingonhisdaringexpedition，wasliterallyboundhandandfoot，andtowhichheseemsdisposedtoyieldcredit。Now，itbeingafactaswellknownasanyinhishistory，and，sofarasIknow，entirelyundisputed，thatthePrince’spersonalentreatiesandurgencypositivelyforcedBoisdaleandLochielintoinsurrection，whentheywereearnestlydesirousthathewouldputoffhisattemptuntilhecouldobtainasufficientforcefromFrance，itwillbeverydifficulttoreconcilehisallegedreluctancetoundertaketheexpedition，withhisdesperatelyinsistingoncarryingtherisingintoeffect，againsttheadviceandentreatyofhismostpowerfulandmostsagepartisans。Surelyamanwhohadbeencarriedboundonboardthevesselwhichbroughthimtosodesperateanenterprise，wouldhavetakentheopportunityaffordedbythereluctanceofhispartisans，toreturntoFranceinsafety。
　　ItisaverredinJohnstone’sMemoirs，thatCharlesEdwardleftthefieldofCullodenwithoutdoingtheutmosttodisputethevictory；and，togivetheevidenceonbothsides，thereisinexistencethemoretrustworthytestimonyofLordElcho，whostates，thathehimselfearnestlyexhortedthePrincetochargeattheheadoftheleftwing，whichwasentire，andretrievethedayordiewithhonour。Andonhiscounselbeingdeclined，LordElchotookleaveofhimwithabitterexecration，swearinghewouldneverlookonhisfaceagain，andkepthisword。
　　Ontheotherhand，itseemstohavebeentheopinionofalmostalltheotherofficers，thatthedaywasirretrievablylost，onewingoftheHighlandersbeingentirelyrouted，therestofthearmyout-numbered，out-flanked，andinaconditiontotallyhopeless。Inthissituationofthings，theIrishofficerswhosurroundedCharles’spersoninterferedtoforcehimoffthefield。AcornetwhowasclosetothePrince，leftastrongattestation，thathehadseenSirThomasSheridanseizethebridleofhishorse，andturnhimround。Thereissomediscrepancyofevidence；buttheopinionofLordElcho，amanoffierytemper，anddesperateattheruinwhichhebeheldimpending，cannotfairlybetaken，inprejudiceofacharacterforcouragewhichisintimatedbythenatureoftheenterpriseitself，bythePrince’seagernesstofightonalloccasions，byhisdeterminationtoadvancefromDerbytoLondon，andbythepresenceofmindwhichhemanifestedduringtheromanticperilsofhisescape。TheAuthorisfarfromclaimingforthisunfortunatepersonthepraiseduetosplendidtalents；
　　buthecontinuestobeofopinion，thatattheperiodofhisenterprise，hehadamindcapableoffacingdangerandaspiringtofame。
　　ThatCharlesEdwardhadtheadvantagesofagracefulpresence，courtesy，andanaddressandmannerbecominghisstation，theauthorneverhearddisputedbyanywhoapproachedhisperson，nordoesheconceivethatthesequalitiesareover-chargedinthepresentattempttosketchhisportrait。
　　ThefollowingextractscorroborativeofthegeneralopinionrespectingthePrince’samiabledisposition，aretakenfromamanuscriptaccountofhisromanticexpedition，byJamesMaxwellofKirkconnell，ofwhichIpossessacopy，bythefriendshipofJ。Menzies，Esq。ofPitfoddells。Theauthor，thoughpartialtothePrince，whomhefaithfullyfollowed，seemstohavebeenafairandcandidman，andwellacquaintedwiththeintriguesamongtheAdventurer’scouncil：-
　　EverybodywasmightilytakenwiththePrince’sfigureandpersonalbehaviour。Therewasbutonevoiceaboutthem。Thosewhominterestorprejudicemadearunawaytohiscause，couldnothelpacknowledgingthattheywishedhimwellinallotherrespects，andcouldhardlyblamehimforhispresentundertaking。Sundrythingshadconcurredtoraisehischaractertothehighestpitch，besidesthegreatnessoftheenterprise，andtheconductthathadhithertoappearedintheexecutionofit。Therewereseveralinstancesofgood-natureandhumanitythathadmadeagreatimpressiononpeople’sminds。Ishallconfinemyselftotwoorthree。
　　Immediatelyafterthebattle，asthePrincewasridingalongthegroundthatCope’sarmyhadoccupiedafewminutesbefore，oneoftheofficerscameuptocongratulatehim，andsaid，pointingtothekilled，`Sir，thereareyourenemiesatyourfeet。’ThePrince，farfromexulting，expressedagreatdealofcompassionforhisfather’sdeludedsubjects，whomhedeclaredhewasheartilysorrytoseeinthatposture。Nextday，whilethePrincewasatPinkie-house，acitizenofEdinburghcametomakesomerepresentationtoSecretaryMurrayaboutthetentsthatcitywasorderedtofurnishagainstacertainday。Murrayhappenedtobeoutoftheway，whichthePrincehearingof，calledtohavethegentlemanbroughttohim，saying，hewouldratherdespatchthebusiness，whateveritwas，himself，thanhavethegentlemanwait，whichhedid，bygrantingeverythingthatwasasked。Somuchaffabilityinayoungprince，flushedwithvictory，drewencomiumsevenfromhisenemies。Butwhatgavethepeoplethehighestideaofhim，wasthenegativehegavetoathingthatverynearlyconcernedhisinterest，anduponwhichthesuccessofhisenterpriseperhapsdepended。ItwasproposedtosendoneoftheprisonerstoLondon，todemandofthatcourtacartelfortheexchangeofprisonerstaken，andtobetaken，duringthiswar，andtointimatethatarefusalwouldbelookeduponasaresolutionontheirparttogivenoquarter。
　　ItwasvisibleacartelwouldbeofgreatadvantagetothePrince’saffairs；hisfriendswouldbemorereadytodeclareforhimiftheyhadnothingtofearbutthechanceofwarinthefield；andifthecourtofLondonrefusedtosettleacartel，thePrincewasauthorisedtotreathisprisonersinthesamemannertheElectorofHanoverwasdeterminedtotreatsuchofthePrince’sfriendsasmightfallintohishands：itwasurgedthatafewexampleswouldcompelthecourtofLondontocomply。
　　ItwastobepresumedthattheofficersoftheEnglisharmywouldmakeapointofit。Theyhadneverengagedintheservice，butuponsuchtermsasareinuseamongallcivilisednations，anditcouldhenostainupontheirhonourtolaydowntheircommissionsifthesetermswerenotobserved，andthatowingtotheobstinacyoftheirownPrince。Thoughthisschemewasplausible，andrepresentedasveryimportant，thePrincecouldneverbebroughtintoit；itwasbelowhim，hesaid，tomakeemptythreats，andhewouldneverputsuchasthoseintoexecution；hewouldneverincoldbloodtakeawayliveswhichhehadsavedinheatofaction，attheperilofhisown。ThesewerenottheonlyproofsofgoodnaturethePrincegaveaboutthistime。Everydayproducedsomethingnewofthiskind。These，thingssoftenedtherigourofamilitarygovernment，whichwasonlyimputedtothenecessityofhisaffairs，andwhichheendeavouredtomakeasgentleandeasyaspossible。’’
　　Ithasbeensaid，thatthePrincesometimesexactedmorestateandceremonialthanseemedtosuithiscondition；but，ontheotherhand，somestrictnessofetiquettewasaltogetherindispensablewherehemustotherwisehavebeenexposedtogeneralintrusion。Hecouldalsoendure，withagoodgrace，theretortswhichhisaffectationofceremonysometimesexposedhimto。Itissaid，forexample，thatGrantofGlenmoristonhavingmadeahastymarchtojoinCharles，attheheadofhisclan，rushedintothePrince’spresenceatHolyrood，withunceremonioushaste，withouthavingattendedtothedutiesofthetoilet。ThePrincereceivedhimkindly，butnotwithoutahintthatapreviousinterviewwiththebarbermightnothavebeenwhollyunnecessary。Itisnotbeardlessboys，’’answeredthedispleasedChief，whoaretodoyourRoyalHighness’sturn。’’TheChevaliertooktherebukeingoodpart。
　　Onthewhole，ifPrinceCharleshadconcludedhislifesoonafterhismiraculousescape，hischaracterinhistorymusthavestoodveryhigh。Asitwas，hisstationisamongstthose，acertainbrilliantportionofwhoselifeformsaremarkablecontrasttoallwhichprecedes，andallwhichfollowsit。
　　NoteAA，p。-TheSkirmishatClifton。
　　ThefollowingaccountoftheskirmishatCliftonisextractedfromthemanuscriptMemoirsofEvanMacphersonofCluny，ChiefoftheclanMacpherson，whohadthemeritofsupportingtheprincipalbruntofthatspiritedaffair。TheMemoirsappeartohavebeencomposedabout1755，onlytenyearsaftertheactionhadtakenplace。TheywerewritteninFrance，wherethatgallantChiefresidedinexile，whichaccountsforsomeGallicismswhichoccurinthenarrative。
　　InthePrince’sreturnfromDerbybacktowardsScotland，myLordGeorgeMurray，Lieutenant-General，cheerfullycharg’dhimselfwiththecommandoftherear；apost，which，altho’honourable，wasattendedwithgreatdanger，manydifficulties，andnosmallfatigue；forthePrincebeingapprehensivethathisretreattoScotlandmightbecutoffbyMarischallWade，wholaytothenorthwardofhimwithanarmiemuchsupperiortowhatH。R。H。had，whiletheDukeofComberlandwithhiswholecavalriefollowedhardintherear，wasobligedtohastenhismarches。Itwasnot，therefore，possiblefortheartilirietomarchsofastasthePrince’sarmie，inthedepthofwinter，extremelybadweather，andtheworstroadsinEngland；soLordGeorgeMurraywasobligedoftentocontinuehismarcheslongafteritwasdarkalmosteverynight，whileatthesametimehehadfrequentallarmsanddisturbancesfromtheDukeofComberland’sadvanc’dparties。Towardstheeveningofthetwentie-eightDecember1745，thePrinceenteredthetownofPenrith，intheprovinceofComberland。ButasLordGeorgeMurraycouldnotbringuptheartiliriesofastashewou’dhavewish’d，hewasobligedtopassthenightsixmilesshortofthattown，togetherwiththeregimentofMacDonelofGlengarrie，whichthatdayhappenedtohavethearrearguard。ThePrince，inordertorefreshhisarmie，andtogiveMyLordGeorgeandtheartilirietimetocomeup，resolvedtosejourthe29thatPenrith；soorderedhislittlearmytoappearinthemorningunderarms，inordertobereviewed，andtoknowinwhatmannerthenumbersstoodfromhishaveingenteredEngland。Itdidnotatthattimeamountto5000footinall，withabout400cavalrie，composedofthenoblessewhoserv’dasvolunteers，partofwhomform’dafirsttroopofguardsforthePrince，underthecommandofMyLordElchoe，nowComtedeWeems，who，beingproscribed，ispresentlyinFrance。AnotherpartformedasecondtroupofguardsunderthecommandofMyLordBalmirino，whowasbeheadedattheTowerofLondon。Athirdpartserv’dunderMyLordleComtedeKilmarnock，whowaslikewisebeheadedattheTower。
　　Afourthpartserv’dunderMyLordPitsligow，whoisalsoproscribed；
　　whichcavalrie，tho’veryfewinnumbers，beingallNoblesse，wereverybrave，andofinfiniteadvantagetothefoot，notonlyinthedayofbattle，butinservingasadvancedguardsontheseveralmarches，andinpatrolingdureingthenightonthedifferentroadswhichledtowardsthetownswherethearmyhappenedtoquarter。
　　Whilethissmallarmywasoutinabodyonthe29thDecember，uponarisinggroundtothenorthwardofPenrith，passingreview，Mons。deCluny，withhistribe，wasorderedtotheBridgeofClifton，aboutamiletosouthwardofPenrith，afterhavingpass’dinreviewbeforeMons。Patullo，whowaschargedwiththeinspectionofthetroops，andwaslikewiseQuarter-MasterGeneralofthearmy，andisnowinFrance。TheyremainedunderarmsattheBridge，waitingthearrivalofMyLordGeorgeMurraywiththeartilirie，whomMons。deCluyhadorderstocoverinpassingthebridge。TheyarrivedaboutsunsettcloselypursuedbytheDukeofComberlandwiththewholebodyofhiscavalrie，reckonedupwardsof3000
　　strong，aboutathousandofwhom，asnearasmightbecomputed，dismounted，inordertocutoffthepassageoftheartilirietowardsthebridge，whiletheDukeandtheothersremainedonhorsebackinordertoattacktherear。MyLordGeorgeMurrayadvanced，andalthoughhefoundMons。deClunyandhistribeingoodspiritsunderarms，yetthecircumstanceappear’dextremelydelicate。Thenumberswerevastlyunequall，andtheattackseem’dverydangerous；soMyLordGeorgedeclin’dgivingorderstosuchtimeasheask’dMons。deCluny’soppinion。`Iwillattackthemwithallmyheart，’saysMons。deCluny，`ifyouorderme。’`Idoorderitthen，’answeredMyLordGeorge，andimmediatelywentonhimselfalongwithMons。deCluny，andfoughtswordinhandonfoot，attheheadofthesingletribeofMacphersons。Theyinamomentmadetheirwaythroughastronghedgeofthorns，underthecoverwhereofthecavalriehadtakentheirstation，inthestruggleofpassingwhichhedgeMyLordGeorgeMurray，beingdressed_enmontagnard，_asallthearmywere，losthisbonetandwig；socontinuedtofightbear-headedduringtheaction。
　　Theyatfirstmadeabriskdischargeoftheirfire-armsontheenemy，thenattackedthemwiththeirsabres，andmadeagreatslaughteraconsiderabletime，whichobligedComberlandandhiscavalrietoflywithprecipitationandingreatconfusion；insomuch，thatifthePrincehadbeenprovidedinasufficientnumberofcavalrietohavetakenadvantageofthedisorder，itisbeyondquestionthattheDukeofComberlandandthebulkofhiscavalriehadbeentakenprisoners。Bythistimeitwassodarkthatitwasnotpossibletoviewornumbertheslain，whofilledalltheditcheswhichhappenedtobeonthegroundwheretheystood。Butitwascomputedthat，besidesthosewhowentoffwounded，upwardsofahundredatleastwereleftonthespot，amongwhomwasColonelHoneywood，whocommandedthedismountedcavalrie，whosesabreofconsiderablevalueMons。