Theseasonofthesechanges，whichisthemostfavorableforEuropeans，isthemostunhealthyforthenativepopulation；andthisisbynomeansaclimateinwhicheithernativesorEuropeanscanindulgeinirregularitieswithimpunity。
　　Owingtotheweaknessofthemenwhohadbeensick，wewereabletomarchbutshortdistancesThreehoursandahalfbroughtustothebanksoftheCaloi，asmallstreamwhichflowsintotheSenza。
　　Thisisoneofthepartsofthecountryreputedtoyieldpetroleum，butthegeologicalformation，beingmicaschist，dippingtowardtheeastward，didnotpromisemuchforourfindingitOurhospitablefriend，MrMellot，accompaniedustoanotherlittleriver，calledtheQuango，whereIsawtwofineboys，thesonsofthesub-commandant，MrFeltao，who，thoughonlyfromsixtoeightyearsold，weresubjecttofever。
　　Wethenpassedoninthebrightsunlight，thewholecountrylookingsofreshandgreenaftertherains，andeverythingsocheering，onecouldnotbutwondertofinditsofeverish。
　　Wefound，onreachingAmbaca，thatthegallantoldsoldier，LaurenceJoseMarquis，had，sinceourpassingIcolloiBengo，beenpromoted，onaccountofhissternintegrity，tothegovernmentofthisimportantdistrictTheofficeofcommandantismuchcovetedbytheofficersofthelinewhocometoAngola，notsomuchforthesalaryasfortheperquisites，which，whenmanagedskillfully，inthecourseofafewyearsmakeonerichAnideamaybeformedoftheconductofsomeoftheseofficialsfromthefollowingextractfromtheBoletinofLoandaofthe28thofOctober，1854：
　　“Theactinggovernor-generaloftheprovinceofAngolaanditsdependenciesdeterminesasfollows：
　　“HavinginstitutedaninvestigationSyndecanciaagainstthecommandantofthefortof，acaptainofthearmyofPortugalincommissioninthisprovince，，onaccountofnumerouscomplaints，whichhavecomebeforethisgovernment，ofviolencesandextortionspracticedbythesaidcommandant，andthosecomplaintsappearingbytheresultoftheinvestigationtobewellfounded，itwillbeconvenienttoexoneratethecaptainreferredtofromthecommandofthefortof，towhichhehadbeennominatedbytheportfolioofthisgeneralgovernment，No41，of27thDecemberofthepastyear；andifnototherwisedetermined，thesameofficialshallbejudgedbyacouncilofwarforthecriminalactswhicharetohimattributed。”
　　Eventhispublicmentionofhiscrimesattachesnostigmatotheman’scharacterThecouncilofwar，bywhichthesedelinquentsalwaysprefertobejudged，iscomposedofmenwhoeagerlyexpecttooccupythepostofcommandantthemselves，andanticipatetheirowntrialforsimilaractsatsomefuturetimeTheseverestsentenceacouncilofwarawardsisafewweeks’suspensionfromofficeinhisregiment。
　　Thiswantofofficialintegrity，whichisnotatallattributabletothehomegovernmentofPortugal，wouldproveaseriousimpedimentinthewayofforeignenterprisedevelopingtheresourcesofthisrichprovince。
　　Andtothiscause，indeed，maybeascribedthefailureofthePortugueselawsfortheentiresuppressionoftheslave-tradeTheofficersoughttoreceivehigherpay，ifintegrityisexpectedfromthemAtpresent，acaptain’spayforayearwillonlykeephimingooduniform。
　　Thehighpayourownofficersreceivehasmanifestadvantages。
　　BeforeleavingAmbacawereceivedapresentoftenheadofcattlefromMrSchutofLoanda，and，asitshowsthecheapnessofprovisionshere，Imaymentionthatthecostwasonlyaboutaguineaperhead。
　　OncrossingtheLucallawemadeadetourtothesouth，inordertovisitthefamousrocksofPungoAndongoAssoonaswecrossedtherivuletLotete，achangeinthevegetationofthecountrywasapparentWefoundtreesidenticalwiththosetobeseensouthoftheChobeThegrass，too，standsintufts，andisofthatkindwhichthenativesconsidertobebestadaptedforcattleTwospeciesofgrape-bearingvinesaboundeverywhereinthisdistrict，andtheinfluenceofthegoodpasturageisseenintheplumpconditionofthecattleInallmypreviousinquiriesrespectingthevegetableproductsofAngola，IwasinvariablydirectedtoPungoAndongoDoyougrowwheat？“Oh，yes，inPungoAndongo。”
　　Grapes，figs，orpeaches？“Oh，yes，inPungoAndongo。”
　　Doyoumakebutter，cheese，etc。？Theuniformanswerwas，“Oh，yes，thereisabundanceofalltheseinPungoAndongo。”
　　Butwhenwearrivedhere，wefoundthattheanswersallreferredtotheactivityofoneman，ColonelManuelAntonioPires。
　　Thepresenceofthewildgrapeshowsthatvineyardsmightbecultivatedwithsuccess；thewheatgrowswellwithoutirrigation；
　　andanyonewhotastedthebutterandcheeseatthetableofColonelPireswouldpreferthemtothestaleproduceoftheIrishdairy，ingeneralusethroughoutthatprovinceThecattleinthiscountryareseldommilked，onaccountofthestrongprejudicewhichthePortugueseentertainagainsttheuseofmilkTheybelievethatitmaybeusedwithsafetyinthemorning，but，iftakenaftermidday，thatitwillcausefever。
　　Itseemedtomethattherewasnotmuchreasonforcarefullyavoidingafewdropsintheircoffee，afterhavingdevouredtentimestheamountintheshapeofcheeseatdinner。
　　ThefortofPungoAndongolat9d42’14“S。，long15d30’E。
　　issituatedinthemidstofagroupofcuriouscolumnar-shapedrocks，eachofwhichisupwardofthreehundredfeetinheightTheyarecomposedofconglomerate，madeupofagreatvarietyofroundedpiecesinamatrixofdarkredsandstoneTheyrestonathickstratumofthislastrock，withveryfewofthepebblesinitssubstance。
　　Onthisafossilpalmhasbeenfound，andifofthesameageasthoseontheeasternsideofthecontinent，onwhichsimilarpalmsnowlie，theremaybecoalunderneaththis，aswellasunderthatatTete。
　　TheassertedexistenceofpetroleumspringsatDande，andnearCambambe，wouldseemtoindicatethepresenceofthisusefulmineral，thoughIamnotawareofanyonehavingactuallyseenaseamofcoaltilteduptothesurfaceinAngola，aswehaveatTete。
　　ThegiganticpillarsofPungoAndongohavebeenformedbyacurrentoftheseacomingfromtheS。S。E。；for，seenfromthetop，theyappeararrangedinthatdirection，andmusthavewithstoodthesurgesoftheoceanataperiodofourworld’shistory，whentherelationsoflandandseaweretotallydifferentfromwhattheyarenow，andlongbefore“themorningstarssangtogether，andallthesonsofGodshoutedforjoytoseetheabodespreparedwhichmanwassoontofill。”
　　Theimbeddedpiecesintheconglomerateareofgneiss，clayshale，micaandsandstoneschists，trap，andporphyry，mostofwhicharelargeenoughtogivethewholetheappearanceofbeingtheonlyremainingvestigesofvastprimaevalbanksofshingleSeverallittlestreamsrunamongtheserocks，andinthecentralpartofthepillarsstandsthevillage，completelyenvironedbywell-nighinaccessiblerocks。
　　Thepathwaysintothevillagemightbedefendedbyasmallbodyoftroopsagainstanarmy；andthisplacewaslongthestrongholdofthetribecalledJinga，theoriginalpossessorsofthecountry。
　　Wewereshownafootprintcarvedononeoftheserocks。
　　Itisspokenofasthatofafamousqueen，whoreignedoverallthisregion。
　　Inlookingattheserudeattemptsatcommemoration，onefeelsthevalueoflettersInthehistoryofAngolawefindthatthefamousqueenDonnaAnnadeSouzacamefromthevicinity，asembassadressfromherbrother，GolaBandy，KingoftheJinga，toLoanda，in1621，tosueforpeace，andastonishedthegovernorbythereadinessofheranswersThegovernorproposed，asaconditionofpeace，thepaymentbytheJingaofanannualtribute。
　　“Peopletalkoftributeaftertheyhaveconquered，andnotbeforeit；
　　wecometotalkofpeace，notofsubjection。”wasthereadyanswer。
　　ThegovernorwasasmuchnonplussedasourCapegovernorsoftenarewhentheytelltheCaffres“toputitalldowninwriting，andtheywillthenbeabletoanswerthem。”SheremainedsometimeinLoanda，gainedallshesought，and，afterbeingtaughtbythemissionaries，wasbaptized，andreturnedtoherowncountrywithhonor。
　　Shesucceededtothekingdomonthedeathofherbrother，whomitwassupposedshepoisoned，butinasubsequentwarwiththePortugueseshelostnearlyallherarmyinagreatbattlefoughtin1627。
　　ShereturnedtotheChurchafteralongperiodofapostasy，anddiedinextremeoldage；andtheJingastillliveasanindependentpeopletothenorthofthistheirancientcountryNoAfricantribehaseverbeendestroyed。
　　InformertimesthePortugueseimaginedthatthisplacewasparticularlyunhealthy，andbanishmenttotheblackrocksofPungoAndongowasthoughtbytheirjudgestobeamuchseverersentencethantransportationtoanypartofthecoast；butthisdistrictisnowwellknowntobethemosthealthypartofAngola。
　　Thewaterisremarkablypure，thesoilislight，andthecountryopenandundulating，withageneralslopedowntowardtheRiverCoanza，afewmilesdistantThatriveristhesouthernboundaryofthePortuguese，andbeyond，totheSandS。W。，weseethehighmountainsoftheLibollo。
　　OntheS。Ewehavealsoamountainouscountry，inhabitedbytheKimbondaorAmbonda，whoaresaidbyColonelPirestobeaverybraveandindependentpeople，buthospitableandfairintheirdealingsTheyarerichincattle，andtheircountryproducesmuchbeeswax，whichiscarefullycollected，andbroughttothePortuguese，withwhomtheyhavealwaysbeenongoodterms。
　　TheAkoHaco，abranchofthisfamily，inhabittheleftbankoftheCoanzaabovethisvillage，who，insteadofbringingslavesforsale，asformerly，nowoccasionallybringwaxforthepurchaseofaslavefromthePortuguese。
　　Isawaboysoldfortwelveshillings：hesaidthathebelongedtothecountryofMatiamvoHereIboughtapairofwell-madeboots，ofgoodtannedleather，whichreachedabovetheknee，forfiveshillingsandeightpence，andthatwasjustthepricegivenforonepoundofivorybyMrPires；consequently，theboywasworthtwopairsofboots，ortwopoundsofivoryTheLibolloontheShavenotsogoodacharacter，buttheCoanzaisalwaysdeepenoughtoformalineofdefense。
　　ColonelPiresisagoodexampleofwhatanhonestindustriousmaninthiscountrymaybecomeHecameasaservantinaship，and，byalongcourseofperseveringlabor，hasraisedhimselftobetherichestmerchantinAngolaHepossessessomethousandsofcattle；
　　and，onanyemergency，canappearinthefieldwithseveralhundredarmedslaves。
　　Whileenjoyingthehospitalityofthismerchant-princeinhiscommodiousresidence，whichisoutsidetherocks，andcommandsabeautifulviewofalltheadjacentcountry，Ilearnedthatallmydispatches，maps，andjournalhadgonetothebottomoftheseainthemail-packet“Forerunner“IfeltsogladthatmyfriendLieutenantBedingfeld，towhosecareIhadcommittedthem，thoughinthemostimminentdanger，hadnotsharedasimilarfate，thatIwasatoncereconciledtothelaborofrewritingIavailedmyselfofthekindnessofColonelPires，andremainedtilltheendoftheyearreproducingmylostpapers。
　　ColonelPireshavinganotherestablishmentonthebanksoftheCoanza，aboutsixmilesdistant，IvisiteditwithhimaboutonceaweekforthepurposeofrecreationThedifferenceoftemperaturecausedbytheloweraltitudewasseeninthecashew-trees；
　　forwhile，neartherocks，thesetreeswerebutcomingintoflower，thoseatthelowerstationwereripeningtheirfruit。
　　Cocoanuttreesandbananasbearwellatthelowerstation，butyieldlittleornofruitattheupperThedifferenceindicatedbythethermometerwas7DegThegeneralrangeneartherockswas67Degat7A。M。，74Degatmidday，and72Degintheevening。
　　Aslave-boybelongingtoColonelPires，havingstolenandeatensomelemonsintheevening，wenttotherivertowashhismouth，soasnottobedetectedbytheflavorAnalligatorseizedhimandcarriedhimtoanislandinthemiddleofthestream；theretheboygraspedholdofthereeds，andbaffledalltheeffortsofthereptiletodislodgehim，tillhiscompanions，attractedbyhiscries，cameinacanoetohisassistanceThealligatoratonceletgohishold；
　　for，whenoutofhisownelement，heiscowardlyTheboyhadmanymarksoftheteethinhisabdomenandthigh，andthoseoftheclawsonhislegsandarms。
　　TheslavesinColonelPires’establishmentsappearedmorelikefreeservantsthananyIhadelsewhereseenEverythingwasneatandclean，whilegenerally，whereslavesaretheonlydomestics，thereisanaspectofslovenliness，asiftheywentontheprincipleofalwaysdoingaslittlefortheirmastersaspossible。