ByDrDavidLivingstoneMissionaryTravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica。
　　Alsocalled，TravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica；
　　or，JourneysandResearchesinSouthAfrica。
　　MissionaryTravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica；
　　IncludingaSketchofSixteenYears’ResidenceintheInteriorofAfrica，andaJourneyfromtheCapeofGoodHopetoLoandaontheWestCoast；
　　ThenceAcrosstheContinent，DowntheRiverZambesi，totheEasternOcean。
　　ByDavidLivingstone，LL。D。，D。C。L。，FellowoftheFacultyofPhysiciansandSurgeons，Glasgow；
　　CorrespondingMemberoftheGeographicalandStatisticalSocietyofNewYork；
　　GoldMedalistandCorrespondingMemberoftheRoyalGeographicalSocietiesofLondonandParisF。S。A。，Etc。，Etc。
　　Dedication。
　　ToSIRRODERICKIMPEYMURCHISON，PresidentRoyalGeographicalSociety，F。R。S。，，CorrInstofFrance，andMemberoftheAcademiesofStPetersburg，Berlin，Stockholm，Copenhagen，Brussels，Etc。，ThisWorkisaffectionatelyofferedasaTokenofGratitudeforthekindinteresthehasalwaystakenintheAuthor’spursuitsandwelfare；
　　andtoexpressadmirationofhiseminentscientificattainments，nowheremorestronglyevidencedthanbythestrikinghypothesisrespectingthephysicalconformationoftheAfricancontinent，promulgatedinhisPresidentialAddresstotheRoyalGeographicSocietyin1852，andverifiedthreeyearsafterwardbytheAuthoroftheseTravels。
　　WhenhonoredwithaspecialmeetingofwelcomebytheRoyalGeographicalSocietyafewdaysaftermyarrivalinLondoninDecemberlast，SirRoderickMurchison，thePresident，invitedmetogivetheworldanarrativeofmytravels；andatasimilarmeetingoftheDirectorsoftheLondonMissionarySocietyIpubliclystatedmyintentionofsendingabooktothepress，insteadofmakingmanyofthosepublicappearanceswhichwereurgeduponmeThepreparationofthisnarrative*hastakenmuchlongertimethan，frommyinexperienceinauthorship，Ihadanticipated。
　　*Severalattemptshavingbeenmadetoimposeuponthepublic，asmine，spuriousnarrativesofmytravels，Ibegtotendermythankstotheeditorsofthe`Times’andofthe`Athenaeum’foraidingtoexposethem，andtothebooksellersofLondonforrefusingtoSUBSCRIBE
　　foranycopies。
　　Greatersmoothnessofdictionandasavingoftimemighthavebeensecuredbytheemploymentofapersonaccustomedtocompilation；
　　butmyjournalshavingbeenkeptformyownprivatepurposes，nooneelsecouldhavemadeuseofthem，orhaveenteredwithintelligenceintothecircumstancesinwhichIwasplacedinAfrica，farfromanyEuropeancompanionThosewhohavenevercarriedabookthroughthepresscanformnoideaoftheamountoftoilitinvolves。
　　Theprocesshasincreasedmyrespectforauthorsandauthoressesathousand-fold。
　　Icannotrefrainfromreferring，withsentimentsofadmirationandgratitude，tomyfriendThomasMaclear，Esq。，theaccomplishedAstronomerRoyalattheCapeIshallneverceasetorememberhisinstructionsandhelpwithrealgratitudeTheintercourseIhadtheprivilegetoenjoyattheObservatoryenabledmetoformanideaofthealmostinfinitevarietyofacquirementsnecessarytoformatrueandgreatastronomer，andIwasledtotheconvictionthatitwillbelongbeforetheworldbecomesoverstockedwithaccomplishedmembersofthatprofession。
　　Letthembealwayshonoredaccordingtotheirdeserts；
　　andlongmayMaclear，Herschel，Airy，andotherslivetomakeknownthewondersandgloryofcreation，andtoaidinrenderingthepathwayoftheworldsafetomariners，andthedarkplacesoftheearthopentoChristians！
　　IbegtooffermyheartythankstomyfriendSirRoderickMurchison，andalsotoDrNortonShaw，thesecretaryoftheRoyalGeographicalSociety，foraidingmyresearchesbyeverymeansintheirpower。
　　HisfaithfulmajestyDonPedroV。，havingkindlysentoutorderstosupportmylatecompanionsuntilmyreturn，relievedmymindofanxietyontheiraccountButforthisactofliberality，IshouldcertainlyhavebeencompelledtoleaveEnglandinMaylast；andithasaffordedmethepleasureoftravelingover，inimagination，everysceneagain，andrecallingthefeelingswhichactuatedmeatthetime。
　　IhavemuchpleasureinacknowledgingmydeepobligationstothehospitalityandkindnessofthePortugueseonmanyoccasions。
　　Ihavenotenteredintotheearlylabors，trials，andsuccessesofthemissionarieswhoprecededmeintheBechuanacountry，becausethathasbeendonebythemuchablerpenofmyfather-in-law，RevRobertMoffat，ofKuruman，whohasbeenanenergeticanddevotedactorinthesceneforupwardoffortyyearsAslightsketchonlyisgivenofmyownattempts，andthechiefpartofthebookistakenupwithadetailoftheeffortsmadetoopenupanewfieldnorthoftheBechuanacountrytothesympathiesofChristendom。
　　TheprospectstheredisclosedarefairerthanIanticipated，andthecapabilitiesofthenewregionleadmetohopethatbytheproductionoftherawmaterialsofourmanufactures，AfricanandEnglishinterestswillbecomemorecloselylinkedthanheretofore，thatbothcountrieswillbeeventuallybenefited，andthatthecauseoffreedomthroughouttheworldwillinsomemeasurebepromoted。
　　DrHooker，ofKew，hashadthekindnesstonameandclassifyforme，asfaraspossible，someofthenewbotanicalspecimenswhichIbroughtover；
　　DrAndrewSmithhimselfanAfricantravelerhasaidedmeinthezoology；
　　andCaptainNeedhaslaidopenformyusehisportfolioofAfricansketches，forallwhichactsofliberalitymythanksaredeservedlydue，aswellastomybrother，whohasrenderedmewillingaidasanamanuensis。
　　AlthoughIcannotprofesstobeadraughtsman，Ibroughthomewithmeafewroughdiagram-sketches，fromoneofwhichtheviewoftheFallsoftheZambesihasbeenpreparedbyamoreexperiencedartist。
　　October，1857。
　　MissionaryTravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica。
　　Introduction。
　　PersonalSketchHighlandAncestorsFamilyTraditions
　　GrandfatherremovestotheLowlandsParentsEarlyLaborsandEffortsEveningSchoolLoveofReadingReligiousImpressions
　　MedicalEducationYouthfulTravelsGeologyMentalDiscipline
　　StudyinGlasgowLondonMissionarySocietyNativeVillage
　　MedicalDiplomaTheologicalStudiesDepartureforAfrica
　　NoClaimtoLiteraryAccomplishments。
　　Myowninclinationwouldleadmetosayaslittleaspossibleaboutmyself；
　　butseveralfriends，inwhosejudgmentIhaveconfidence，havesuggestedthat，asthereaderlikestoknowsomethingabouttheauthor，ashortaccountofhisoriginandearlylifewouldlendadditionalinteresttothisbookSuchismyexcuseforthefollowingegotism；
　　and，ifanapologybenecessaryforgivingagenealogy，Ifinditinthefactthatitisnotverylong，andcontainsonlyoneincidentofwhichIhavereasontobeproud。
　　Ourgreat-grandfatherfellatthebattleofCulloden，fightingfortheoldlineofkings；andourgrandfatherwasasmallfarmerinUlva，wheremyfatherwasbornItisoneofthatclusteroftheHebridesthusalludedtobyWalterScott：
　　“AndUlvadark，andColonsay，AndallthegroupofisletsgayThatguardfamedStaffaround。”*
　　*LordoftheIsles，canto4。
　　Ourgrandfatherwasintimatelyacquaintedwithallthetraditionarylegendswhichthatgreatwriterhassincemadeuseofinthe“TalesofaGrandfather“
　　andotherworksAsaboyIrememberlisteningtohimwithdelight，forhismemorywasstoredwithanever-endingstockofstories，manyofwhichwerewonderfullylikethoseIhavesinceheardwhilesittingbytheAfricaneveningfiresOurgrandmother，too，usedtosingGaelicsongs，someofwhich，asshebelieved，hadbeencomposedbycaptiveislanderslanguishinghopelesslyamongtheTurks。
　　Grandfathercouldgiveparticularsofthelivesofhisancestorsforsixgenerationsofthefamilybeforehim；andtheonlypointofthetraditionIfeelproudofisthis：Oneofthesepoorhardyislanderswasrenownedinthedistrictforgreatwisdomandprudence；
　　anditisrelatedthat，whenhewasonhisdeath-bed，hecalledallhischildrenaroundhimandsaid，“Now，inmylifetime，IhavesearchedmostcarefullythroughallthetraditionsIcouldfindofourfamily，andInevercoulddiscoverthattherewasadishonestmanamongourforefathersIf，therefore，anyofyouoranyofyourchildrenshouldtaketodishonestways，itwillnotbebecauseitrunsinourblood：itdoesnotbelongtoyou。
　　Ileavethispreceptwithyou：Behonest。”If，therefore，inthefollowingpagesIfallintoanyerrors，Ihopetheywillbedealtwithashonestmistakes，andnotasindicatingthatIhaveforgottenourancientmottoThiseventtookplaceatatimewhentheHighlanders，accordingtoMacaulay，weremuchliketheCapeCaffres，andanyone，itwassaid，couldescapepunishmentforcattle-stealingbypresentingashareoftheplundertohischieftain。
　　OurancestorswereRomanCatholics；theyweremadeProtestantsbythelairdcomingroundwithamanhavingayellowstaff，whichwouldseemtohaveattractedmoreattentionthanhisteaching，forthenewreligionwentlongafterward，perhapsitdoessostill，bythenameof“thereligionoftheyellowstick“。
　　FindinghisfarminUlvainsufficienttosupportanumerousfamily，mygrandfatherremovedtoBlantyreWorks，alargecottonmanufactoryonthebeautifulClyde，aboveGlasgow；andhissons，havinghadthebesteducationtheHebridesafforded，weregladlyreceivedasclerksbytheproprietors，MonteithandCo。
　　Hehimself，highlyesteemedforhisunflinchinghonesty，wasemployedintheconveyanceoflargesumsofmoneyfromGlasgowtotheworks，andinoldagewas，accordingtothecustomofthatcompany，pensionedoff，soastospendhisdecliningyearsineaseandcomfort。
　　Ourunclesallenteredhismajesty’sserviceduringthelastFrenchwar，eitherassoldiersorsailors；butmyfatherremainedathome，and，thoughtooconscientiousevertobecomerichasasmalltea-dealer，byhiskindlinessofmannerandwinningwayshemadetheheart-stringsofhischildrentwinearoundhimasfirmlyasifhehadpossessed，andcouldhavebestoweduponthem，everyworldlyadvantage。
　　HerearedhischildreninconnectionwiththeKirkofScotland
　　areligiousestablishmentwhichhasbeenanincalculableblessingtothatcountrybutheafterwardleftit，andduringthelasttwentyyearsofhislifeheldtheofficeofdeaconofanindependentchurchinHamilton，anddeservedmylastinggratitudeandhomageforpresentingme，frommyinfancy，withacontinuouslyconsistentpiousexample，suchasthatidealofwhichissobeautifullyandtruthfullyportrayedinBurns’s“Cottar’sSaturdayNight“HediedinFebruary，1856，inpeacefulhopeofthatmercywhichweallexpectthroughthedeathofourLordandSaviorIwasatthetimeonmywaybelowZumbo，expectingnogreaterpleasureinthiscountrythansittingbyourcottagefireandtellinghimmytravelsIreverehismemory。
　　TheearliestrecollectionofmymotherrecallsapicturesooftenseenamongtheScottishpoorthatoftheanxioushousewifestrivingtomakebothendsmeetAttheageoftenIwasputintothefactoryasa“piecer“，toaidbymyearningsinlesseningheranxietyWithapartofmyfirstweek’swagesIpurchasedRuddiman’s“RudimentsofLatin“，andpursuedthestudyofthatlanguageformanyyearsafterward，withunabatedardor，ataneveningschool，whichmetbetweenthehoursofeightandtenThedictionarypartofmylaborswasfolloweduptilltwelveo’clock，orlater，ifmymotherdidnotinterferebyjumpingupandsnatchingthebooksoutofmyhandsIhadtobebackinthefactorybysixinthemorning，andcontinuemywork，withintervalsforbreakfastanddinner，tilleighto’clockatnight。
　　Ireadinthiswaymanyoftheclassicalauthors，andknewVirgilandHoracebetteratsixteenthanIdonowOurschoolmasterhappilystillalive
　　wassupportedinpartbythecompany；hewasattentiveandkind，andsomoderateinhischargesthatallwhowishedforeducationmighthaveobtaineditManyavailedthemselvesoftheprivilege；
　　andsomeofmyschoolfellowsnowrankinpositionsfarabovewhattheyappearedeverlikelytocometowheninthevillageschool。
　　IfsuchasystemwereestablishedinEngland，itwouldproveanever-endingblessingtothepoor。
　　Inreading，everythingthatIcouldlaymyhandsonwasdevouredexceptnovelsScientificworksandbooksoftravelsweremyespecialdelight；thoughmyfather，believing，withmanyofhistimewhooughttohaveknownbetter，thattheformerwereinimicaltoreligion，wouldhavepreferredtohaveseenmeporingoverthe“CloudofWitnesses“，orBoston’s“FourfoldState“。
　　Ourdifferenceofopinionreachedthepointofopenrebelliononmypart，andhislastapplicationoftherodwasonmyrefusaltoperuseWilberforce’s“PracticalChristianity“Thisdisliketodrydoctrinalreading，andtoreligiousreadingofeverysort，continuedforyearsafterward；
　　buthavinglightedonthoseadmirableworksofDrThomasDick，“ThePhilosophyofReligion“and“ThePhilosophyofaFutureState“，itwasgratifyingtofindmyownideas，thatreligionandsciencearenothostile，butfriendlytoeachother，fullyprovedandenforced。
　　GreatpainshadbeentakenbymyparentstoinstillthedoctrinesofChristianityintomymind，andIhadnodifficultyinunderstandingthetheoryofourfreesalvationbytheatonementofourSavior，butitwasonlyaboutthistimethatIreallybegantofeelthenecessityandvalueofapersonalapplicationoftheprovisionsofthatatonementtomyowncase。