223LondonGazette，Feb。9。1684—5；Clarke’sLifeofJamestheSecond，ii。3；Barillon，Feb。9—19:Evelyn’sDiary，Feb。6。
224Seetheauthoritiescitedinthelastnote。SeealsotheExamen，647；Burnet，i。620；HiggonsonBurnet。
225LondonGazette，Feb。14，1684—5；Evelyn’sDiaryofthesameday；Burnet，i。610:TheHindletloose。
226Burnet，i。628；Lestrange，Observator，Feb。11，1684。
227TheletterswhichpassedbetweenRochesterandOrmondonthissubjectwillbefoundintheClarendonCorrespondence。
228TheministerialchangesareannouncedintheLondonGazette，Feb。19，1684—5。SeeBurnet，i。621；Barillon，Feb。9—19，16—26；
andFeb。19，/Mar。1。
229Carte’sLifeofOrmond；SecretConsultsoftheRomishPartyinIreland，1690；MemoirsofIreland，1716。
230ChristmasSessionsPaperof1678。
231TheActsoftheWitnessesoftheSpirit，partvchapterv。
InthisworkLodowick，afterhisfashion，revengeshimselfonthe"bawlingdevil，"ashecallsJeffreys，byastringofcurseswhichErnulphus，orJeffreyshimself，mighthaveenvied。ThetrialwasinJanuary，1677。
232Thissayingistobefoundinmanycontemporarypamphlets。
TitusOateswasnevertiredofquotingit。SeehisEikwgBasilikh。
233ThechiefsourcesofinformationconcerningJeffreysaretheStateTrialsandNorth’sLifeofLordGuildford。SometouchesofminorimportanceIowetocontemporarypamphletsinverseandprose。SucharetheBloodyAssizesthelifeandDeathofGeorgeLordJeffreys，thePanegyriconthelateLordJeffreys，theLettertotheLordChancellor，Jeffreys’sElegy。SeealsoEvelyn’sDiary，Dec。5，1683，Oct。31。1685。IscarcelyneedadviseeveryreadertoconsultLordCampbell’sexcellentLifeofJeffreys。
234LondonGazette，Feb。12，1684—5。North’sLifeofGuildford，254。
235ThechiefauthorityforthesetransactionsisBarillon’sdespatchofFebruary9—19，1685。ItwillhefoundintheAppendixtoMr。Fox’sHistory。SeealsoPreston’sLettertoJames，datedApril18—28，1685，inDalrymple。
236LewistoBarillon，Feb。16—26，1685。
237Barillon，Feb。16—26，1685。
238Barillon，Feb。18—28，1685。
239SwiftwhohatedMarlborough，andwhowaslittledisposedtoallowanymerittothosewhomhehated，says，inthefamouslettertoCrassus，"YouarenoilloratorintheSenate。"
240Dartmouth’snoteonBurnet，i。264。Chesterfleld’sLetters，Nov。，18，1748。Chesterfieldisanunexceptionalwitness；fortheannuitywasachargeontheestateofhisgrandfather，Halifax。I
believethatthereisnofoundationforadisgracefuladditiontothestorywhichmaybefoundinPope:
"Thegallanttoo，towhomshepaiditdown，Livedtorefusehismistresshalfacrown。"
Curllcallsthisapieceoftravellingscandal。
241PopeinSpence’sAnecdotes。
242SeetheHistoricalRecordsofthefirstorRoyalDragoons。
TheappointmentofChurchilltothecommandofthisregimentwasridiculedasaninstanceofabsurdpartiality。OnelampoonofthattimewhichIdonotremembertohaveseeninprint，butofwhichamanuscriptcopyisintheBritishMuseum，containstheselines:
"Let’scutourmeatwithspoons:
ThesenseisasgoodAsthatChurchillshouldBeputtocommandthedragoons。"
243Barillon，Feb。16—26，1685。
244Barillon，April6—16；LewistoBarillon，April14—24。
245ImighttranscribehalfBarillon’scorrespondenceinproofofthisproposition，butIwillquoteonlyonepassage，inwhichthepolicyoftheFrenchgovernmenttowardsEnglandisexhibitedconciselyandwithperfectclearness。
"Onpeuttenirpourunmaximeindubitablequel’accordduRoyd’Angleterreavecsonparlement，enquelquemanierequ’ilsefasse，n’estpasconformeauxinteretsdeV。M。Jemecontentedepensercelasanem’enouvrirapersonne，etjecacheavecsoinmessentimensacetegard。"——BarillontoLewis，Feb。28，/Mar。
1687。ThatthiswastherealsecretofthewholepolicyofLewistowardsourcountrywasperfectlyunderstoodatVienna。TheEmperorLeopoldwrotethustoJames，March30，/April9，1689:
"Galliidunumagebant，ut，perpetuasinterSerenitatemvestrametejusdempopulosfovendosimultates，reliqu？Christian？Europetantosecuriusinsultarent。"
246"Queseaunidoconsureyno，yentodobuenaintelligenciaconelparlamenyo。"DespatchfromtheKingofSpaintoDonPedroRonquillo，March16—26，1685。ThisdespatchisinthearchivesofSamancas，whichcontainagreatmassofpapersrelatingtoEnglishaffairs。CopiesofthemostinterestingofthosepapersareinthepossessionofM。Guizot，andwerebyhimlenttome。Itiswithpeculiarpleasurethatatthistime，I
acknowledgethismarkofthefriendshipofsogreataman。
（1848。）
247FewEnglishreaderswillbedesiroustogodeepintothehistoryofthisquarrel。SummarieswillbefoundinCardinalBausset’sLifeofBossuet，andinVoltaire’sAgeofLewisXIV。
248Burnet，i。661，andLetterfromRome，Dodd’sChurchHistory，partviii。booki。art。1。
249ConsultationsoftheSpanishCouncilofStateonApril2—12
andApril16—26，IntheArchivesofSimancas。
250LewistoBarillon，May22，/June1，1685；Burnet，i。623。
251LifeofJamestheSecond，i。5。Barillon，Feb。19，/Mar。1，1685；Evelyn’sDiary，March5，1685。
252"TothosethataskboonsHeswearsbyGod’soonsAndchidesthemasiftheycametheretostealspoons。"
LamentableLory，aballad，1684。
253Barillon，April20—30。1685。
254FromAdda’sdespatchofJan。22，/Feb。1，1686，andfromtheexpressionsofthePered’Orleans（HistoiredesRevolutionsd’Angleterre，liv。xi。），itisclearthatrigidCatholicsthoughttheKing’sconductindefensible。
255LondonGazette，GazettedeFrance；LifeofJamestheSecond，ii。10；HistoryoftheCoronationofKingJamestheSecondandQueenMary，byFrancisSandford，LancasterHerald，fol。1687；
Evelyn’sDiary，May，21，1685；DespatchoftheDutchAmbassadors，April10—20，1685；Burnet，i。628；Eachard，iii。734；AsermonpreachedbeforetheirMajestiesKingJamestheSecondandQueenMaryattheirCoronationinWestminsterAbbey，April23，1695，byFrancisLordBishopofEly，andLordAlmoner。IhaveseenanItalianaccountoftheCoronationwhichwaspublishedatModena，andwhichischieflyremarkablefortheskillwithwhichthewritersinksthefactthattheprayersandpsalmswereinEnglish，andthattheBishopswereheretics。
256SeetheLondonGazetteduringthemonthsofFebruary，March，andApril，1685。
257ItwouldbeeasytofillavolumewithwhatWhighistoriansandpamphleteershavewrittenonthissubject。Iwillciteonlyonewitness，achurchmanandaTory。"Elections，"saysEvelyn，"werethoughttobeveryindecentlycarriedoninmostplaces。
Godgiveabetterissueofitthansomeexpect！"May10，1685。
Againhesays，"Thetruthisthereweremanyofthenewmemberswhoseelectionsandreturnswereuniversallycondemned。"May22。
258ThisfactIlearnedfromanewsletterinthelibraryoftheRoyalInstitution。VanCittersmentionsthestrengthoftheWhigpartyinBedfordshire。
259Bramston’sMemoirs。
260ReflectionsonaRemonstranceandProtestationofallthegoodProtestantsofthisKingdom，1689；DialoguebetweenTwoFriends，1689。
261MemoirsoftheLifeofThomasMarquessofWharton，1715。
262SeetheGuardian，No。67；anexquisitespecimenofAddison’speculiarmanner。Itwouldbedifficulttofindintheworksofanyotherwritersuchaninstanceofbenevolencedelicatelyflavouredwithcontempt。
263TheObservator，April4，1685。
264DespatchoftheDutchAmbasadors，April10—20，1685。
265Burnet，i。626。
266AfaithfulaccountoftheSickness，Death，andBurialofCaptainBedlow，1680；NarrativeofLordChiefJusticeNorth。
267Smith’sIntriguesofthePopishPlot，1685。
268Burnet，i。439。
269SeetheproceedingsintheCollectionofStateTrials。
270Evelyn’sDiary，May7，1685。
271ThereremainmanypicturesofOates。ThemoststrikingdescriptionsofhispersonareinNorth’sExamen，225，inDryden’sAbsalomandAchitophel，andInabroadsideentitled，A
HueandCryafterT。O。
272TheproceedingswillbefoundatlengthintheCollectionofStateTrials。
273GazettedeFranceMay29，/June9，1685。
274DespatchoftheDutchAmbassadors，May19—29，1685。
275Evelyn’sDiary，May22，1685；Eachard，iii。741；Burnet，i。
637；Observator，May27，1685；Oates’sEikvn，89；EikwnBrotoloigon，1697；Commons’JournalsofMay，June，andJuly，1689；TomBrown’sadvicetoDr。Oates。Someinterestingcircumstancesarementionedinabroadside，printedforA。
Brooks，CharingCross，1685。IhaveseencontemporaryFrenchandItalianpamphletscontainingthehistoryofthetrialandexecution。AprintofTitusinthepillorywaspublishedatMilan，withthefollowingcuriousinscription:"QuestoeilnaturaleritrattodiTitoOtez，overoOatz，Inglese，postoinberlina，unode’principaliprofessordellareligionprotestante，acerrimopersecutorede’Cattolici，egranspergiuro。"IhavealsoseenaDutchengravingofhispunishment，withsomeLatinverses，ofwhichthefollowingareaspecimen:
"AtDoctorfictusnonfictospertulitictusAtortoredatoshaudmolliincorporegratos，Disceretutveresceleraobcommissarubere。"
Theanagramofhisname，"TestisOvat，"maybefoundonmanyprintspublishedindifferentcountries。
276Blackstone’sCommentaries，ChapterofHomicide。
277AccordingtoRogerNorththejudgesdecidedthatDangerfield，havingbeenpreviouslyconvictedofperjury，wasincompetenttobeawitnessoftheplot。ButthisisoneamongmanyinstancesofRoger’sinaccuracy。Itappears，fromthereportofthetrialofLordCastlemaineinJune1680，that，aftermuchaltercationbetweencounsel，andmuchconsultationamongthejudgesofthedifferentcourtsinWestminsterHall，Dangerfieldwasswornandsufferedtotellhisstory；butthejuryveryproperlygavenocredittohistestimony。
278Dangerfield’strialwasnotreported；butIhaveseenaconciseaccountofitinacontemporarybroadside。AnabstractoftheevidenceagainstFrancis，andhisdyingspeech，willbefoundintheCollectionofStateTrials。SeeEachard，iii。741。
Burnet’snarrativecontainsmoremistakesthanlines。SeealsoNorth’sExamen，256，thesketchofDangerfield’slifeintheBloodyAssizes，theObservatorofJuly29，1685，andthepoementitled"Dangerfield’sGhosttoJeffreys。"Intheveryrarevolumeentitled"SuccinctGenealogies，byRobertHalstead，"LordPeterboughsaysthatDangerfield，withwhomhehadhadsomeintercourse，was"ayoungmanwhoappearedunderadecentfigure，aseriousbehaviour，andwithwordsthatdidnotseemtoproceedfromacommonunderstanding。"
279Baxter’sprefacetoSirMathewHale’sJudgmentoftheNatureofTrueReligion，1684。
280SeetheObservatorofFebruary28，1685，theinformationintheCollectionofStateTrials，theaccountofwhatpassedincourtgivenbyCalamy，LifeofBaxter，chap。xiv。，andtheverycuriousextractsfromtheBaxterMSS。intheLife，byOrme，publishedin1830。
281BaxterMS。citedbyOrme。
282ActParl。Car。II。March29，1661，Jac。VII。April28，1685，andMay13，1685。
283ActParl。Jac。VII。May8，1685，Observator，June20，1685；
LestrangeevidentlywishedtoseetheprecedentfollowedinEngland。
284Hisownwordsreportedbyhimself。LifeofJamestheSecond，i。666。Orig。Mem。
285ActParl。Car。II。August31，1681。
286Burnet，i。583；Wodrow，III。v。2。UnfortunatelytheActaoftheScottishPrivyCouncilduringalmostthewholeadministrationoftheDukeofYorkarewanting。（1848。）Thisassertionhasbeenmetbyadirectcontradiction。ButthefactisexactlyasIhavestatedit。ThereisinheActaoftheScottishPrivyCouncilahiatusextendingfromAugust1678toAugust1682。TheDukeofYorkbegantoresideinScotlandinDecember1679。HeleftScotland，nevertoreturninMay1682。（1857。）
287Wodrow，III。ix。6。
288Wodrow，III。ix。6。TheeditoroftheOxfordeditionofBurnetattemptstoexcusethisactbyallegingthatClaverhousewasthenemployedtointerceptallcommunicationbetweenArgyleandMonmouth，andbysupposingthatJohnBrownmayhavebeendetectedinconveyingintelligencebetweentherebelcamps。
UnfortunatelyforthishypothesisJohnBrownwasshotonthefirstofMay，whenbothArgyleandMonmouthwereinHolland，andwhentherewasnoinsurrectioninanypartofourisland。
289Wodrow，III。ix，6。
290Wodrow，III。ix。6。Ithasbeenconfidentlyasserted，bypersonswhohavenottakenthetroubletolookattheauthoritytowhichIhavereferred，thatIhavegrosslycalumniatedtheseunfortunatemen；thatIdonotunderstandtheCalvinistictheology；andthatitisimpossiblethatmembersoftheChurchofScotlandcanhaverefusedtoprayforanymanonthegroundthathewasnotoneoftheelect。
IcanonlyrefertothenarrativewhichWodrowhasinsertedinhishistory，andwhichhejustlycallsplainandnatural。Thatnarrativeissignedbytwoeyewitnesses，andWodrow，beforehepublishedit，submittedittoathirdeyewitness，whopronounceditstrictlyaccurate。FromthatnarrativeIwillextracttheonlywordswhichbearonthepointinquestion:"Whenallthethreeweretaken，theofficersconsultedamongthemselves，and，withdrawingtothewestsideofthetown，questionedtheprisoners，particularlyiftheywouldprayforKingJamesVII。
Theyanswered，theywouldprayforallwithintheelectionofgrace。BalfoursaidDoyouquestiontheKing’selection？Theyanswered，sometimestheyquestionedtheirown。Uponwhichhesworedreadfully，andsaidtheyshoulddiepresently，becausetheywouldnotprayforChrist’svicegerent，andsowithoutonewordmore，commandedThomasCooktogotohisprayers，forheshoulddie。
InthisnarrativeWodrowsawnothingimprobable；andIshallnoteasilybeconvincedthatanywriternowlivingunderstandsthefeelingsandopinionsoftheCovenantersbetterthanWodrowdid。
（1857。）
291Wodrow，III。ix。6。CloudofWitnesses。
292Wodrow，III。ix。6。TheepitaphofMargaretWilson，inthechurchyardatWigton，isprintedintheAppendixtotheCloudofWitnesses；
"MurderedforowningChristsupremeHeadofhischurch，andnomorecrime，ButhernotowningPrelacy。
AndnotabjuringPresbytery，Withinthesea，tiedtoastake，ShesufferedforChristJesus’sake。"
293SeethelettertoKingCharlesII。prefixedtoBarclay’sApology。
294Sewel’sHistoryoftheQuakers，bookx。
295MinutesofYearlyMeetings，1689，1690。
296ClarksononQuakerism；PeculiarCustoms，chapterv。
297Afterthispassagewaswritten，IfoundintheBritishMuseum，amanuscript（Harl。MS。7506）entitled，"AnAccountoftheSeizures，Sequestrations，greatSpoilandHavockmadeupontheEstatesoftheseveralProtestantDissenterscalledQuakers，uponProsecutionofoldStatutesmadeagainstPapistandPopishRecusants。"ThemanuscriptismarkedashavingbelongedtoJames，andappearstohavebeengivenbyhisconfidentialservant，ColonelGraham，toLordOxford。ThiscircumstanceappearstometoconfirmtheviewwhichIhavetakenoftheKing’sconducttowardstheQuakers。
298Penn’svisitstoWhitehall，andleveesatKensington，aredescribedwithgreatvivacity，thoughinverybadLatin，byGerardCroese。"Sumebat，"hesays，"rexs鎝esecretum，nonhorarium，verohorarumplurium，inquodevariisrebuscumPennoseriosermonemconferebat，etinterimdifferebataudirepr鎐ipuorumnobiliumordinem，quihocinterimspatioinproc