ELECTRA
bySophoclestranslatedbyR。C。JebbCHARACTERSINTHEPLAY
ORESTES,sonofAgamemnonandCLYTEMNESTRA
ELECTRA}sisterofORESTES
CHRYSOTHEMIS}"""
ANOLDMAN,formerlythePAEDAGOGUSorAttendantOfORESTES
CLYTEMNESTRA
AEGISTHUS
CHORUSOFWOMENOFMYCENAE
MutePersonsPYLADES,sonofStrophius,KingofCrisa,thefriendOfORESTES。
AhandmaidofCLYTEMNESTRA。TwoattendantsofORESTES
ELECTRA
ELECTRA
(SCENE:—AtMycenae,beforethepalaceofthePelopidae。Itismorningandthenew—risensunisbright。ThePAEDAGOGUSentersontheleftofthespectators,accompaniedbythetwoyouths,ORESTESandPYLADES。)
PAEDAGOGUS
SONofhimwholedourhostsatTroyofold,sonofAgamemnon!—nowthoumayestbeholdwiththineeyesallthatthysoulhathdesiredsolong。ThereistheancientArgosofthyyearning,—thathallowedscenewhencethegadflydrovethedaughterofInachus;andthere,Orestes,istheLyceanAgora,namedfromthewolf—slayinggod;there,ontheleft,Hera’sfamoustemple;andinthisplacetowhichwehavecome,deemthatthouseestMycenaerichingold,withthehouseofthePelopidaethere,sooftenstainedwithbloodshed;whenceIcarriedtheeofyore,fromtheslayingofthyfather,asthykinswoman,thysister,chargedme;andsavedthee,andrearedtheeuptomanhood,tobetheavengerofthymurderedsire。
Now,therefore,Orestes,andthou,bestoffriends,Pylades,ourplansmustbelaidquickly;forlo,alreadythesun’sbrightrayiswakingthesongsofthebirdsintoclearness,andthedarknightofstarsisspent。Before,then,anyonecomesforthfromthehouse,takecounsel;seeingthatthetimeallowsnotofdelay,butisfullripefordeeds。
ORESTES
Truefriendandfollower,howwelldostthouprovethyloyaltytoourhouse!Asasteedofgenerousrace,thoughold,losesnotcourageindanger,butprickshisear,evensothouurgestusforward,andartforemostinoursupport。Iwilltellthee,then,whatIhavedetermined;listencloselytomywords,andcorrectme,ifImissthemarkinaught。
WhenIwenttothePythianoracle,tolearnhowImightavengemyfatheronhismurderers,Phoebusgavemetheresponsewhichthouartnowtohear:—thatalone,andbystealth,withoutaidofarmsornumbers,Ishouldsnatchtherighteousvengeanceofmyhand。Since,then,thegodspaketousonthiswise,thoumustgointoyonderhouse,whenopportunitygivestheeentrance,andlearnallthatispassingthere,sothatthoumayestreporttousfromsureknowledge。
Thineage,andthelapseoftime,willpreventthemfromrecognisingthee;theywillneversuspectwhothouart,withthatsilveredhair。
LetthytalebethatthouartaPhocianstranger,sentbyPhanoteus;
forheisthegreatestoftheirallies。Tellthem,andconfirmitwiththineoath,thatOresteshathperishedbyafatalchance,—hurledatthePythiangamesfromhisrapidchariot;bethatthesubstanceofthystory。
We,meanwhile,willfirstcrownmyfather’stomb,asthegodenjoined,withdrink—offeringsandtheluxurianttributeofseveredhair;thencomeback,bearinginourhandsanurnofshapelybronze,—nowhiddeninthebrushwood,asIthinkthouknowest,—sotogladdenthemwiththefalsetidingsthatthismybodyisnomore,buthasbeenconsumedwithfireandturnedtoashes。Whyshouldtheomentroubleme,whenbyafeigneddeathIfindlifeindeed,andwinrenown?Itrow,nowordisill—omened,iffraughtwithgain。OftenerenowhaveIseenwisemendieinvainreport;then,whentheyreturnhome,theyareheldinmoreabidinghonour:asItrustthatfromthisrumourIalsoshallemergeinradiantlife,andyetshinelikeastaruponmyfoes。
Omyfatherland,andyegodsoftheland,receivemewithgoodfortuneinthisjourney,—andyealso,hallsofmyfathers,forIcomewithdivinemandatetocleanseyourighteously;sendmenotdishonouredfromtheland,butgrantthatImayruleovermypossessions,andrestoremyhouse!
Enough;—beitnowthycare,oldman,togoandheedthytask;
andwetwainwillgoforth;forsooccasionbids,chiefrulerofeveryenterpriseformen。
ELECTRA(within)
Ahme,ahme!
PAEDAGOGUS
Hark,myson,—fromthedoors,methought,camethesoundofsomehandmaidmoaningwithin。
ORESTES
CanitbethehaplessElectra?Shallwestayhere,andlistentoherlaments?
PAEDAGOGUS
No,no:beforeallelse,letusseektoobeythecommandofLoxias,andthencemakeafairbeginning,bypouringlibationstothysire;thatbringsvictorywithinourgrasp,andgivesusthemasteryinallthatwedo。
(ExeuntPAEDAGOGUSonthespectators’left,ORESTESandPYLADES
theright。—EnterELECTRA,fromthehouse。Sheismeanlyclad。)
ELECTRA(chanting)
systemaOthoupuresunlight,andthouair,earth’scanopy,howoftenhaveyeheardthestrainsofmylament,thewildblowsdealtagainstthisbleedingbreast,whendarknightfails!Andmywretchedcouchinyonderhouseofwoeknowswell,erenow,howIkeepthewatchesofthenight,—howoftenIbewailmyhaplesssire;towhomdeadlyAresgavenotofhisgiftsinastrangeland,butmymother,andhermateAegisthus,clefthisheadwithmurderousaxe,aswoodmenfellanoak。Andforthisnoplaintburstsfromanylipsavemine,whenthou,myfather,hathdiedadeathsocruelandsopiteous!
antisystemaButneverwillIceasefromdirgeandsorelament,whileIlookonthetremblingraysofthebrightstars,oronthislightofday;butlikethenightingale,slayerofheroffspring,Iwillwailwithoutceasing,andcryaloudtoall,here,atthedoorsofmyfather。
OhomeofHadesandPersephone!OHermesoftheshades!potentCurse,andye,dreaddaughtersofthegods,Erinyes,—Yewhobeholdwhenalifeisreftbyviolence,whenabedisdishonouredbystealth,—come,helpme,avengethemurderofmysire,—andsendtomemybrother;forIhavenomorethestrengthtobearupaloneagainsttheloadofgriefthatweighsmedown。
(AsELECTRAfinishesherlament,theCHORUSOFWOMENOFMYCENAEenter。ThefollowinglinesbetweenELECTRAandtheCHORUSarechantedresponsively。)
CHORUS
strophe1
Ah,Electra,childofawretchedmother,whyartthoueverpiningthusinceaselesslamentforAgamemnon,wholongagowaswickedlyensnaredbythyfalsemother’swiles,andbetrayedtodeathbydastardlyhand?Perishtheauthorofthatdeed,ifImayuttersuchprayer!
ELECTRA
Ah,noble—heartedmaidens,yehavecometosoothemywoes。I
knowandfeelit,itescapesmenot;butIcannotleavethistaskundone,orceasefrommourningformyhaplesssire。Ah,friendswhoseloverespondstomineineverymood,leavemetoravethus,—
Ohleaveme,Ientreatyou!
CHORUS
antistrophe1
ButneverbylamentsorprayersshaltthourecallthysirefromthatlakeofHadestowhichallmustpass。Nay,thineisafatalcourseofgrief,passingeverfromdueboundsintoacurelesssorrow;whereinthereisnodeliverancefromevils。Say,whereforeartthouenamouredofmisery?
ELECTRA
Foolishisthechildwhoforgetsaparent’spiteousdeath。No,dearertomysoulisthemournerthatlamentsforItys,Itys,evermore,thatbirddistraughtwithgrief,themessengerofZeus。
Ah,queenofsorrow,Niobe,theeIdeemdivine,—thee,whoevermoreweepestinthyrockytomb!
CHORUS
strophe2
Nottotheealoneofmortals,mydaughter,hathcomeanysorrowwhichthoubearestlesscalmlythanthosewithin,thykinswomenandsisters,ChrysothemisandIphianassa,Iwhostilllive,—ashe,too,lives,sorrowinginasecludedyouth,yethappyinthatthisfamousrealmofMycenaeshallonedaywelcomehimtohisheritage,whenthekindlyguidanceofZeusshallhavebroughthimtothisland,Orestes。
ELECTRA
Yes,Iwaitforhimwithunweariedlonging,asImoveonmysadpathfromdaytoday,unwedandchildless,bathedintears,bearingthatendlessdoomofwoe;butheforgetsallthathehassufferedandheard。Whatmessagecomestome,thatisnotbelied?Heiseveryearningtobewithus,but,thoughheyearns,heneverresolves。
CHORUS
antistrophe2
Courage,mydaughter,courage;greatstillinheavenisZeus,whoseesandgovernsall:leavethybitterquarreltohim;forgetnotthyfoes,butrefrainfromexcessofwrathagainstthem;forTimeisgodwhomakesroughwayssmooth。NotheedlessisthesonofAgamemnon,whodwellsbyCrisa’spastoralshore;notheedlessisthegodwhoreignsbyAcheron。
ELECTRA
Nay,thebestpartoflifehathpassedawayfrommeinhopelessness,andIhavenostrengthleft;I,whoampiningawaywithoutchildren,—whomnolovingchampionshields,—but,likesomedespisedalien,Iserveinthehallsofmyfather,cladinthismeangarb,andstandingatameagreboard。
CHORUS
strophe3
Piteouswasthevoiceheardathisreturn,andpiteous,asthysirelayonthefestalcouch,whenthestraight,swiftblowwasdealthimwiththebladeofbronze。Guilewastheplotter,Lusttheslayer,dreadparentsofadreadfulshape;whetheritwasmortalthatwroughttherein,orgod。
ELECTRA
Othatbitterday,bitterbeyondallthathavecometome;O
thatnight,Othehorrorsofthatunutterablefeast,theruthlessdeathstrokesthatmyfathersawfromthehandsoftwain,whotookmylifecaptivebytreachery,whodoomedmetowoe!MaythegreatgodofOlympusgivethemsufferingsinrequital,andnevermaytheirsplendourbringthemjoy,whohavedonesuchdeeds!
CHORUS
antistrophe3
Beadvisedtosaynomore;canstthounotseewhatconductitiswhichalreadyplungestheesocruellyinself—mademiseries?Thouhastgreatlyaggravatedthytroubles,everbreedingwarswiththysullensoul;butsuchstrifeshouldnotbepushedtoaconflictwiththestrong。
ELECTRA
Ihavebeenforcedtoit,—forcedbydreadcauses;Iknowmyownpassion,itescapesmenot;but,seeingthatthecausesaresodire,willnevercurbthesefrenziedplaints,whilelifeisinme。Whoindeed,yekindlysisterhood,whothatthinksaright,woulddeemthatanywordofsolacecouldavailme?Forbear,forbear,mycomforters!Suchillsmustbenumberedwiththosewhichhavenocure;Icanneverknowarespitefrommysorrows,oralimittothiswailing。
CHORUS
epodeAtleastitisinlove,likeatrue—heartedmother,thatI
dissuadetheefromaddingmiserytomiseries。
ELECTRA
Butwhatmeasureisthereinmywretchedness?Say,howcanitberighttoneglectthedead?Wasthatimpietyeverborninmortal?NevermayIhavepraiseofsuch;neverwhenmylotiscastinpleasantplaces,mayIclingtoselfishease,ordishonourmysirebyrestrainingthewingsofshrilllamentation!
Forifthehaplessdeadistolieindustandnothingness,whiletheslayerspaynotwithbloodforblood,allregardforman,allfearofheaven,willvanishfromtheearth。
LEADEROFTHECHORUS
Icame,mychild,inzealforthywelfarenolessthanformineown;butifIspeaknotwell,thenbeitasthouwilt;forwewillfollowthee。
ELECTRA
Iamashamed,myfriends,ifyedeemmetooimpatientformyoftcomplaining;but,sinceahardconstraintforcesmetothis,bearwithme。Howindeedcouldanywomanofnoblenaturerefrain,whosawthecalamitiesofafather’shouse,asIseethembydayandnightcontinually,notfading,butinthesummeroftheirstrength?I,who,first,fromthemotherthatboremehavefoundbitterenmity;
next,inmineownhomeIdwellwithmyfather’smurderers;theyruleoverme,andwiththemitreststogiveortowithholdwhatIneed。
AndthenthinkwhatmannerofdaysIpass,whenIseeAegisthussittingonmyfather’sthrone,wearingtherobeswhichhewore,andpouringlibationsatthehearthwhereheslewmysire;andwhenI
seetheoutragethatcrownsall,themurdererinourfather’sbedatourwretchedmother’sside,ifmothersheshouldbecalled,whoishiswife;butsohardenedisshethatsheliveswiththataccursedone,fearingnoErinys;nay,asifexultinginherdeeds,havingfoundthedayonwhichshetreacherouslyslewmyfatherofold,shekeepsitwithdanceandsong,andmonthbymonthsacrificessheeptothegodswhohavewroughtherdeliverance。
ButI,haplessone,beholdingit,weepandpineinthehouse,andbewailtheunholyfeastnamedaftermysire,—weeptomyselfalone;sinceImaynotevenindulgemygrieftothefullmeasureofmyyearning。Forthiswoman,inprofessionssonoble,loudlyupbraidsmewithsuchtauntsasthese:’Impiousandhatefulgirl,hastthoualonelostafather,andistherenoothermournerintheworld?Anevildoombethine,andmaythegodsinfernalgivetheenoriddancefromthypresentlaments。’
Thussheinsults;savewhenanyonebringsherwordthatOrestesiscoming:then,infuriated,shecomesuptome,andcries;—’Hastnotthoubroughtthisuponme?Isnotthisdeedthine,whodidststealOrestesfrommyhands,andprivilyconveyhimforth?Yetbesurethatthoushalthavethyduereward。’Sosheshrieks;and,aidingher,therenownedspouseathersideisvehementinthesamestrain,—
thatabjectdastard,thatutterpest,whofightshisbattleswiththehelpofwomen。ButI,lookingeverforOrestestocomeandendthesewoes,languishinmymisery。Alwaysintendingtostrikeablow,hehaswornouteveryhopethatIcouldconceive。Insuchacase,then,friends,thereisnoroomformoderationorforreverence;
insooth,thestressofillsleavesnochoicebuttofollowevilways。
LEADER
Say,isAegisthusnearwhilethouspeakestthus,orabsentfromhome?
ELECTRA
Absent,certainly;donotthinkthatIshouldhavecometothedoors,ifhehadbeennear;butjustnowheisafield。
LEADER
MightIconversewiththeemorefreely,ifthisisso?
ELECTRA
Heisnothere,soputthyquestion;whatwouldstthou?
LEADER
Iaskthee,then,whatsayestthouofthybrother?Willhecomesoon,orishedelaying?Ifainwouldknow。
ELECTRA
Hepromisestocome;butheneverfulfilsthepromise。
LEADER
Yea,amanwillpauseonthevergeofagreatwork。
ELECTRA
AndyetIsavedhimwithoutpausing。
LEADER
Courage;heistoonobletofailhisfriends。
ELECTRA
Ibelieveit;orIshouldnothavelivedsolong。
LEADER
Saynomorenow;forIseethysistercomingfromthehouse,Chrysothemis,daughterofthesamesireandmother,withsepulchralgiftsinherhands,suchasaregiventothoseintheworldbelow。
(CHRYSOTHEMISentersfromthepalace。Sheisrichlydressed。)
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Why,sister,hastthoucomeforthoncemoretodeclaimthusatthepublicdoors?Whywiltthounotlearnwithanylapseoftimetodesistfromvainindulgenceofidlewrath?YetthisIknow,—thatImyselfam—grievedatourplight;indeed,couldIfindthestrength,IwouldshowwhatloveIbearthem。Butnow,inthesetroubledwaters,’tisbest,methinks,toshortensail;Icarenottoseemactive,withoutthepowertohurt。Andwouldthatthineownconductwerethesame!
Nevertheless,rightisonthesideofthychoice,notofthatwhichIadvise;butifIamtoliveinfreedom,ourrulersmustbeobeyedinallthings。
ELECTRA
Strangeindeed,thatthou,thedaughterofsuchasireasthine,shouldstforgethim,andthinkonlyofthymother!Allthyadmonitionstomehavebeentaughtbyher;nowordisthineown。Thentakethychoice,—tobeimprudent;orprudent,butforgetfulofthyfriends:
thou,whohastjustsaidthat,couldstthoufindthestrength,thouwouldstshowthyhatredofthem;yet,whenIamdoingmyutmosttoavengemysire,thougivestnoaid,butseekesttoturnthysisterfromherdeed。
Doesnotthiscrownourmiserieswithcowardice?Fortellme,—
Orletmetellthee,—whatIshouldgainbyceasingfromtheselaments?Donotlive?—miserably,Iknow,yetwellenoughforme。
AndIvexthem,thusrenderinghonourtothedead,ifpleasurecanbefeltinthatworld。Butthou,whotellestmeofthyhatred,hatestinwordalone,whileindeedsthouartwiththeslayersofthysire。I,then,wouldneveryieldtothem,thoughIwerepromisedthegiftswhichnowmaketheeproud;thinebetherichly—spreadtableandthelifeofluxury。Forme,beitfoodenoughthatIdonotwoundmineownconscience;Icovetnotsuchprivilegeasthine,—
norwouldstthou,wertthouwise。Butnow,whenthoumightestbecalleddaughterofthenoblestfatheramongmen,becalledthechildofthymother;soshallthybasenessbemostwidelyseen,inbetrayalofthydeadsireandofthykindred。
LEADER
Noangryword,Ientreat!Forbothofyouthereisgoodinwhatisurged,—ifthou,Electra,wouldstlearntoprofitbyhercounsel,andshe,again,bythine。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Formypart,friends,Iamnotwhollyunusedtoherdiscourse;norshouldIhavetoucheduponthistheme,hadInotheardthatshewasthreatenedwithadreaddoom,whichshallrestrainherfromherlong—drawnlaments。
ELECTRA
Come,declareitthen,thisterror!Ifthoucansttellmeofaughtworsethanmypresentlot,Iwillresistnomore。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Indeed,IwilltelltheeallthatIknow。Theypurpose,ifthouwiltnotceasefromtheselaments,tosendtheewherethoushaltneverlookuponthesunlight,butpassthydaysinadungeonbeyondthebordersofthisland,theretochantthydrearystrain。Bethinkthee,then,anddonotblamemehereafter,whentheblowhathfallen;nowisthetimetobewise。
ELECTRA
Havetheyindeedresolvedtotreatmethus?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Assuredly,wheneverAegisthuscomeshome。
ELECTRA
Ifthatbeall,thenmayhearrivewithspeed!
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Misguidedone!whatdireprayeristhis?
ELECTRA
Thathemaycome,ifhehathanysuchintent。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Thatthoumaystsuffer—what?Wherearethywits?
ELECTRA
ThatImayflyasfarasmaybefromyouall。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Buthastthounocareforthypresentlife?
ELECTRA
Aye,mylifeismarvellouslyfair。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Itmightbe,couldstthouonlylearnprudence。
ELECTRA
Donotteachmetobetraymyfriends。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Idonot,—buttobendbeforethestrong。
ELECTRA
Thinebesuchflattery:thosearenotmyways。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Tiswell,however,nottofallbyfolly。
ELECTRA
Iwillfall,ifneedbe,inthecauseofmysire。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Butourfather,Iknow,pardonsmeforthis。
ELECTRA
Itisforcowardstofindpeaceinsuchmaxims。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Sothouwiltnothearken,andtakemycounsel?
ELECTRA
No,verily;longmaybeitbeforeIamsofoolish。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
ThenIwillgoforthuponmineerrand。
ELECTRA
Andwhithergoestthou?Towhombearestthoutheseofferings?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Ourmothersendsmewithfunerallibationsforoursire。
ELECTRA
Howsayestthou?Forherdeadliestfoe?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Slainbyherownhand—sothouwouldestsay。
ELECTRA
Whatfriendhathpersuadedher?Whosewishwasthis?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Thecause,Ithink,wassomedreadvisionofthenight。
ELECTRA
Godsofourhouse!beyewithme—nowatlast!
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Dostthoufindanyencouragementinthisterror?
ELECTRA
Ifthouwouldsttellmethevision,thenIcouldanswer。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Nay,Icantellbutlittleofthestory。
ELECTRA
Tellwhatthoucanst;alittlewordhathoftenmarred,ormade,men’sfortunes。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
’Tissaidthatshebeheldoursire,restoredtothesunlight,athersideoncemore;thenhetookthesceptre,—Oncehisown,butnowbornebyAegisthus,—andplanteditatthehearth;andthenceafruitfulboughsprangupward,wherewiththewholelandofMycenaewasovershadowed。SuchwasthetalethatIheardtoldbyonewhowaspresentwhenshedeclaredherdreamtotheSun—god。MorethanthisI
knownot,—savethatshesentmebyreasonofthatfear。Sobythe—
godsofourhouseIbeseechthee,hearkentome,andbenotruinedbyfolly!Forifthourepelmenow,thouwiltcomebacktoseekmeinthytrouble。
ELECTRA
Nay,dearsister,letnoneofthesethingsinthyhandstouchthetomb;forneithercustomnorpietyallowstheetodedicategiftsorbringlibationstooursirefromahatefulwife。No—tothewindswiththemorburythemdeepintheearth,wherenoneofthemshallevercomenearhisplaceofrest;but,whenshedies,letherfindthesetreasureslaidupforherbelow。
Andwereshenotthemosthardenedofallwomen,shewouldneverhavesoughttopourtheseofferingsofenmityonthegraveofhimwhomsheslew。Thinknowifitislikelythatthedeadinthetombshouldtakethesehonourskindlyatherhand,whoruthlesslyslewhim,likeafoeman,andmangledhim,and,forablution,wipedofftheblood—stainsonhishead?Canstthoubelievethatthesethingswhichthoubringestwillabsolveherofthemurder?
Itisnotpossible。No,castthesethingsaside;givehimratheralockcutfromthineowntresses,andonmypart,haplessthatI
am,—scantgiftsthese,butmybest,—thishair,notglossywithunguents,andthisgirdle,deckedwithnorichornament。Thenfalldownandpraythathehimselfmaycomeinkindnessfromtheworldbelow,toaidusagainstourfoes;andthattheyoungOrestesmaylivetosethisfootuponhisfoesinvictoriousmight,thathenceforthwemaycrownourfather’stombwithwealthierhandsthanthosewhichgraceitnow。
Ithink,indeed,Ithinkthathealsohadsomepartinsendinghertheseappallingdreams;still,sister,dothisservice,tohelpthyself,andme,andhim,thatmostbelovedofallmen,whorestsintherealmofHades,thysireandmine。
LEADER
Themaidencounselspiously;andthou,friend,wiltdoherbidding,if—thouartwise。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Iwill。Whenadutyisclear,reasonforbidsthattwovoicesshouldcontend,andclaimsthehasteningofthedeed。Only,whenI
attemptthistask,aidmewithyoursilence,Ientreatyou,myfriends;for,shouldmymotherhearofit,methinksIshallyethavecausetoruemyventure。
(CHRYSOTHEMISdeparts,totaketheofferingstoAgamemnon’sgrave。)
CHORUS(singing)
stropheIfIamnotanerringseerandonewhofailsinwisdom,justice,thathathsentthepresage,willcome,triumphantinherrighteousstrength,—willcomeerelong,mychild,toavenge。Thereiscourageinmyheart,throughthosenewtidingsofthedreamthatbreathescomfort。Notforgetfulisthysire,thelordofHellas;notforgetfulisthetwo—edgedaxeofbronzethatstrucktheblowofold,andslewhimwithfoulcruelty。
antistropheTheErinysofuntiringfeet,whoislurkinginherdreadambush,willcome,aswiththemarchandwiththemightofagreathost。Forwickedoneshavebeenfiredwithpassionthathurriedthemtoaforbiddenbed,toaccursedbridals,toamarriagestainedwithguiltofblood。ThereforeamIsurethattheportentwillnotfailtobringwoeuponthepartnersincrime。Verilymortalscannotreadthefutureinfearfuldreamsororacles,ifthisvisionofthenightfindnotduefulfilment。
epodeOchariot—raceofPelopslongago,sourceofmanyasorrow,whatwearytroubleshastthoubroughtuponthisland!ForsinceMyrtilussanktorestbeneaththewaves,whenafatalandcruelhandhurledhimtodestructionoutofthegoldencar,thishousewasneveryetfreefrommiseryandviolence。
(CLYTEMNESTRAentersfromthepalace。)
CLYTEMNESTRA
Atlargeoncemore,itseems,thourangest,—forAegisthusisnothere,whoalwayskepttheeatleastfrompassingthegates,toshamethyfriends。Butnow,sinceheisabsent,thoutakestnoheedofme,thoughthouhastsaidofmeoft—times,andtomany,thatIamaboldandlawlesstyrant,whoinsultstheeandthine。Iamguiltyofnoinsolence;IdobutreturnthetauntsthatIoftenhearfromthee。
Thyfather—thisisthyconstantpretext—wasslainbyme。Yes,byme—Iknowitwell;itadmitsofnodenial;forjusticeslewhim,andnotIalone,—justice,whomitbecametheetosupport,hadstthoubeenright—minded;seeingthatthisfatherofthine,whomthouarteverlamenting,wastheonemanoftheGreekswhohadthehearttosacrificethysistertothegods—he,thefather,whohadnotsharedthemother’spangs。
Come,tellmenow,wherefore,ortopleasewhom,didhesacrificeher?TopleasetheArgives,thouwiltsay?Nay,theyhadnorighttoslaymydaughter。Orif,forsooth,itwastoscreenhisbrotherMenelausthatheslewmychild,washenottopaymethepenaltyforthat?HadnotMenelaustwochildren,whoshouldinfairnesshavebeentakenbeforemydaughter,assprungfromthesireandmotherwhohadcausedthatvoyage?OrhadHadessomestrangedesiretofeastonmyoffspring,ratherthanonhers?Orhadthataccursedfatherlostalltendernessforthechildrenofmywomb,whilehewastendertothechildrenofMenelaus?Wasnotthatthepartofacallousandperverseparent?Ithinkso,thoughdifferfromthyjudgment;andsowouldsaythedead,ifshecouldspeak。Formyself,then,Iviewthepastwithoutdismay;butifthoudeemestmeperverse,seethatthineownjudgmentisjust,beforethoublamethyneighbour。
ELECTRA
ThistimethoucanstnotsaythatIhavedoneanythingtoprovokesuchwordsfromthee。But,ifthouwiltgivemeleave,I
fainwoulddeclarethetruth,inthecausealikeofmydeadsireandofmysister。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Indeed,thouhastmyleave;anddidstthoualwaysaddressmeinsuchatone,thouwouldstbeheardwithoutpain。
ELECTRA
ThenIwillspeak。Thousayestthatthouhastslainmyfather。
Whatwordcouldbringtheedeepershamethanthat,whetherthedeedwasjustornot?ButImusttelltheethatthydeedwasnotjust;
no,thouwertdrawnontoitbythewooingofthebasemanwhoisnowthyspouse。
AskthehuntressArtemiswhatsinshepunishedwhenshestayedthefrequentwindsatAulis;orIwilltellthee;forwemaynotlearnfromher。Myfather—soIhaveheard—wasoncedisportinghimselfinthegroveofthegoddess,whenhisfootfallstartledadappledandantleredstag;heshotit,andchancedtoutteracertainboastconcerningitsslaughter。Wroththereat,thedaughterofLetodetainedtheGreeks,that,inquittanceforthewildcreature’slife,myfathershouldyieldupthelifeofhisownchild。Thusitbefellthatshewassacrificed;sincethefleethadnootherrelease,homewardortoTroy;
andforthatcause,undersoreconstraintandwithsorereluctance,atlastheslewher—notforthesakeofMenelaus。
Butgrant—forIwilltakethineownplea—grantthatthemotiveofhisdeedwastobenefithisbrother;—wasthatareasonforhisdyingbythyhand?Underwhatlaw?Seethat,inmakingsuchalawformen,thoumakenottroubleandremorseforthyself;for,ifwearetotakebloodforblood,thouwouldstbethefirsttodie,didstthoumeetwiththydesert。
Butlookifthypretextisnotfalse。Fortellme,ifthouwilt,whereforethouartnowdoingthemostshamelessdeedsofall,—
dwellingaswifewiththatblood—guiltyone,whofirsthelpedtheetoslaymysire,andbearingchildrentohim,whilethouhastcastouttheearlier—born,thestainlessoffspringofastainlessmarriage。HowcanIpraisethesethings?Orwiltthousaythatthis,too,isthyvengeanceforthydaughter?Nay,shamefulplea,ifsothouplead;’tisnotwelltowedanenemyforadaughter’ssake。
ButindeedImaynotevencounselthee,—whoshriekestthatI
revilemymother;andtrulyIthinkthattomethouartlessamotherthanmistress;sowretchedisthelifethatIlive,everbesetwithmiseriesbytheeandbythypartner。Andthatother,whoscarceescapedthyhand,thehaplessOrestes,iswearingouthisill—starreddaysinexile。Oftenhastthouchargedmewithrearinghimtopunishthycrime;andIwouldhavedoneso,ifIcould,thoumaystbesure:—forthatmatter,denouncemetoall,asdisloyal,ifthouwilt,orpetulant,orimpudent;forifIamaccomplishedinsuchways,methinksIamnounworthychildofthee。
LEADEROFTHECHORUS
Iseethatshebreathesforthanger;butwhetherjusticebewithher,forthissheseemstocarenolonger。
CLYTEMNESTRA(totheCHORUS)
AndwhatmannerofcaredoIneedtouseagainsther,whohaththusinsultedamother,andthisatherripeage?Thinkestthounotthatshewouldgoforwardtoanydeed,withoutshame?
ELECTRA
NowbeassuredthatIdofeelshameforthis,thoughthoubelieveitnot;Iknowthatmybehaviourisunseemly,andbecomesmeill。Butthentheenmityonthypart,andthytreatment,compelmeinmineowndespitetodothus;forbasedeedsaretaughtbybase。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Thoubrazenone!TrulyIandmysayingsandmydeedsgivetheetoomuchmatterforwords。
ELECTRA
Thewordsarethine,notmine;forthineistheaction;andtheactsfindtheutterance。
CLYTEMNESTRA
NowbyourladyArtemis,thoushaltnotfailtopayforthisboldness,sosoonasAegisthusreturns。
ELECTRA
Lo,thouarttransportedbyanger,aftergrantingmefreespeech,aidhastnopatiencetolisten。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Nowwiltthounothushthyclamour,orevensuffermetosacrifice,whenIhavepermittedtheetospeakunchecked?
ELECTRA
Ihindernot,—beginthyrites,Ipraythee;andblamenotmyvoice,forIshallsaynomore。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Raisethen,myhandmaid,theofferingsofmanyfruits,thatI
mayupliftmyprayerstothisourking,fordeliverancefrommypresentfears。Lendnowagraciousear,OPhoebusourdefender,tomywords,thoughtheybedark;forIspeaknotamongfriends,norisitmeettounfoldmywholethoughttothelight,whileshestandsnearme,lestwithhermaliceandhergarrulouscryshespreadsomerashrumourthroughoutthetown:buthearmethus,sinceonthiswiseI
mustspeak。
ThatvisionwhichIsawlastnightindoubtfuldreams—ifithathcomeformygood,grant,Lyceanking,thatitbefulfilled;butifforharm,thenletitrecoiluponmyfoes。Andifanyareplottingtohurlmebytreacheryfromthehighestatewhichnowismine,permitthemnot;rathervouch。safethat,stilllivingthusunscathed,ImaybearswayoverthehouseoftheAtreidaeandthisrealm,sharingprosperousdayswiththefriendswhosharethemnow,andwiththoseofmychildrenfromwhomnoenmityorbitternesspursuesme。
OLyceanApollo,graciouslyheartheseprayers,andgrantthemtousall,evenasweask!Fortherest,thoughIbesilent,Ideemthatthou,agod,mustknowit;allthings,surely,areseenbythesonsofZeus。
(ThePAEDAGOGUSenters。)
PAEDAGOGUS
Ladies,mightastrangercravetoknowifthisbethepalaceofthekingAegisthus?
LEADER
Itis,sir;thouthyselfhastguessedaright。
PAEDAGOGUS
AndamIrightinsurmisingthatthisladyishisconsort?Sheisofqueenlyaspect。
LEADER
Assuredly;thouartinthepresenceofthequeen。
PAEDAGOGUS
Hail,royallady!IbringgladtidingstotheeandtoAegisthus,fromfriend。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Iwelcometheomen;butIwouldfainknowfromthee,first,whomayhavesentthee。
PAEDAGOGUS
PhanoteusthePhocian,onaweightymission。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Whatisit,sir?Tellme:comingfromafriend,thouwiltbring,I
know;akindlymessage。
PAEDAGOGUS
Orestesisdead;thatisthesum。
ELECTRA
Oh,miserablethatIam!Iamlostthisday!
CLYTEMNESTRA
Whatsayestthou,friend,whatsayestthou?—listennottoher!
PAEDAGOGUS
Isaid,andsayagain—Orestesisdead。
ELECTRA
Iamlost,haplessone,Iamundone!
CLYTEMNESTRA(toELECTRA)
Seethoutothineownconcerns。—Butdothou,sir,tellmeexactly,—howdidheperish?
PAEDAGOGUS
Iwassentforthatpurpose,andwilltelltheeall。Havinggonetotherenownedfestival,theprideofGreece,fortheDelphiangames,whenheheardtheloudsummonstothefoot—racewhichwasfirsttobedecided,heenteredthelists,abrilliantform,awonderintheeyesofallthere;and,havingfinishedhiscourseatthepointwhereitbegan,hewentoutwiththegloriousmeedofvictory。Tospeakbriefly,wherethereismuchtotell,Iknownotthemanwhosedeedsandtriumphshavematchedhis;butonethingthoumustknow;
inalltheconteststhatthejudgesannounced,heboreawaytheprize;
andmendeemedhimhappy,asoftastheheraldproclaimedhimanArgive,bynameOrestes,sonofAgamemnon,whooncegatheredthefamousarmamentofGreece。
Thusfar,’twaswell;but,whenagodsendsharm,noteventhestrongmancanescape。For,onanotherday,whenchariotsweretotrytheirspeedatsunrise,heentered,withmanycharioteers。OnewasanAchaean,onefromSparta,twomastersofyokedcarswereLibyans;
Orestes,drivingThessalianmares,camefifthamongthem;thesixthfromAetolia,withchestnutcolts;aMagnesianwastheseventh;theeighth,withwhitehorses,wasofAenianstock;theninth,fromAthens,builtofgods;therewasaBoeotiantoo,makingthetenthchariot。
Theytooktheirstationswheretheappointedumpiresplacedthembylotandrangedthecars;then,atthesoundofthebrazentrump,theystarted。Allshoutedtotheirhorses,andshookthereinsintheirhands;thewholecoursewasfilledwiththenoiseofrattlingchariots;thedustflewupward;andall,inaconfusedthrong,pliedtheirgoadsunsparingly,eachofthemstrivingtopassthewheelsandthesnortingsteedsofhisrivals;foralikeattheirbacksandattheirrollingwheelsthebreathofthehorsesfoamedandsmote。
Orestes,drivingclosetothepillarateitherendofthecourse,almostgrazeditwithhiswheeleachtime,and,givingreintothetrace—horseontheright,checkedthehorseontheinnerside。
Hitherto,allthechariotshadescapedoverthrow;butpresentlytheAenian’shard—mouthedcoltsranaway,and,swerving,astheypassedfromthesixthintotheseventhround,dashedtheirforeheadsagainsttheteamoftheBarcaean。Othermishapsfollowedthefirst,shockonshockandcrashoncrash,tillthewholerace—groundofCrisawasstrewnwiththewreckofthechariots。
Seeingthis,thewarycharioteerfromAthensdrewasideandpaused,allowingthebillowofchariots,surginginmidcourse,togoby。Oresteswasdrivinglast,keepinghishorsesbehind,—forhistrustwasintheend;butwhenhesawthattheAthenianwasaloneleftin,hesentashrillcryringingthroughtheearsofhisswiftcolts,andgavechase。Teamwasbroughtlevelwithteam,andsotheyraced,—firstoneman,thentheother。showinghisheadinfrontofthechariots。
Hithertotheill—fatedOresteshadpassedsafelythrougheveryround,steadfastinhissteadfastcar;atlast,slackeninghisleftreinwhilethehorsewasturning,unawareshestrucktheedgeofthepillar;hebroketheaxle—boxintwain;hewasthrownoverthechariot—rail;hewascaughtintheshapelyreins;and,ashefellontheground,hiscoltswerescatteredintothemiddleofthecourse。
Butwhenthepeoplesawhimfallenfromthecar,acryofpitywentupfortheyouth,whohaddonesuchdeedsandwasmeetingsuchadoom,—nowdashedtoearth,nowtossedfeetuppermosttothesky,—
tillthecharioteers,withdifficultycheckingthecareerofhishorses,loosedhim,socoveredwithbloodthatnofriendwhosawitwouldhaveknownthehaplesscorpse。Straightwaytheyburneditonapyre;andchosenmenofPhocisarebringinginasmallurnofbronzethesaddustofthatmightyform,tofinddueburialinhisfatherland。
Suchismystory,—grievoustohear,ifwordscangrieve;butforus,whobeheld,thegreatestofsorrowsthattheseeyeshaveseen。
LEADER
Alas,alasNow,methinks,thestockofourancientmastershathutterlyperished,rootandbranch。
CLYTEMNESTRA
OZeus,whatshallIcallthesetidings,—gladtidings?Ordire,butgainful?’Tisabitterlot,whenmineowncalamitiesmakethesafetyofmylife。
PAEDAGOGUS
Whyartthousodowncast,lady,atthisnews?
CLYTEMNESTRA
Thereisastrangepowerinmotherhood;amothermaybewronged,butsheneverlearnstohateherchild。
PAEDAGOGUS
Thenitseemsthatwehavecomeinvain。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Nay,notinvain;howcanstthousay’invain,’whenthouhastbroughtansureproofsofhisdeath?—His,whosprangfrommineownlife,yet,forsakingmewhohadsuckledandrearedhim,becameanexileandanalien;and,afterhewentoutofthisland,hesawmenomore;but,chargingmewiththemurderofhissire,heuttereddreadthreatsagainstme;sothatneitherbynightnorbydaycouldsweetsleepcovermineeyes,butfrommomenttomomentIlivedinfearofdeath。Now,however—sincethisdayIamridofterrorfromhim,andfromthisgirl,—thatworseplaguewhosharedmyhome,whilestillshedrainedmyverylife—blood,—now,methinks,foraughtthatshecanthreaten,Ishallpassmydaysinpeace。
ELECTRA
Ah,woeisme!Now,indeed,Orestes,thyfortunemaybelamented,whenitisthuswiththee,andthouartmockedbythisthymother!Isitnotwell?
CLYTEMNESTRA
Notwiththee;buthisstateiswell。
ELECTRA
Hear,Nemesisofhimwhohathlatelydied!
CLYTEMNESTRA
Shehathheardwhoshouldbeheard,andhathordainedwell。
ELECTRA
Insultus,forthisisthetimeofthytriumph。
CLYTEMNESTRA
ThenwillnotOrestesandthousilenceme?
ELECTRA
Wearesilenced;muchlessshouldwesilencethee。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Thycoming,sir,woulddeservelargerecompense,ifthouhasthushedherclamoroustongue。
PAEDAGOGUS
ThenImaytakemyleave,ifalliswell。
CLYTEMNESTRA
Notso;thywelcomewouldthenbeunworthyofme,andoftheallywhosentthee。Nay,comethouin;andleaveherwithout,tomakeloudlamentforherselfandforherfriends。
(CLYTEMNESTRAandthePAEDAGOGUSenterthepalace。)
ELECTRA
Howthinkye?Wastherenotgriefandanguishthere,wondrousweepingandwailingofthatmiserablemother,forthesonwhoperishedbysuchafate?Nay,sheleftuswithalaugh!Ah,woeisme!
DearestOrestes,howismylifequenchedbythydeath!Thouhasttornawaywiththefrommyhearttheonlyhopeswhichstillweremine,—thatthouwouldstlivetoreturnsomeday,anavengerofthysire,andofmeunhappy。Butnow—whithershallIturn?Iamalone,bereftofthee,asofmyfather。
HenceforthImustbeaslaveagainamongthosewhommostIhate,myfather’smurderers。Isitnotwellwithme?Butnever,atleast,henceforward,willIenterthehousetodwellwiththem;nay,atthesegatesIwilllaymedown,andhere,withoutafriend,mydaysshallwither。Therefore,ifanyinthehousebewroth,letthemslayme;for’tisagrace,ifIdie,butifIlive,apain;Idesirelifenomore。
(ThefollowinglinesbetweenELECTRA
andtheCHORUSarechantedresponsively。)
CHORUS
strophe1
WherearethethunderboltsofZeus,orwhereisthebrightSun,iftheylookuponthesethings,andbrandthemnot,butrest?
ELECTRA
Woe,woe,ahme,ahme!
CHORUS
Odaughter,whyweepestthou?
ELECTRA(withhandsoutstretchedtoheaven)
Alas!
CHORUS
Utternorashcry!
ELECTRA
Thouwiltbreakmyheart!
CHORUS
Howmeanestthou?
ELECTRA
Ifthousuggestahopeconcerningthosewhohavesurelypassedtotherealmbelow,thouwilttrampleyetmoreuponmymisery。
CHORUS
antistrophe1
Nay,Iknowhow,ensnaredbyawomanforachainofgold,theprinceAmphiarausfoundagrave;andnowbeneaththeearth—
ELECTRA
Ahme,ahme!
CHORUS
—hereignsinfulnessofforce。
ELECTRA
Alas!
CHORUS
Alasindeed!forthemurderess—
ELECTRA
Wasslain。
CHORUS
Yea。
ELECTRA
Iknowit,Iknowit;forachampionarosetoavengethemourningdead;buttomenochampionremains;forhewhoyetwaslefthathbeensnatchedaway。
CHORUS
strophe2
Haplessartthou,andhaplessisthylot!
ELECTRA
WellknowIthat,toowell,—I,whoselifeisatorrentofwoesdreadanddark,atorrentthatsurgesthroughallthemonths!
CHORUS
Wehaveseenthecourseofthysorrow。
ELECTRA
Cease,then,todivertmefromit,whennomore—
CHORUS
Howsayestthou?
ELECTRA
—whennomorecanIhavethecomfortofhopefromabrother,theseedofthesamenoblesire。
CHORUS
antistrophe2
Forallmenitisappointedtodie。
ELECTRA
What,todieasthatill—starredonedied,amidthetrampofracingsteeds,entangledinthereinsthatdraggedhim?
CHORUS
Cruelwashisdoom,beyondthought!
ELECTRA
Yea,surely;wheninforeignsoil,withoutministryofmyhands,—
CHORUS
Alas!
ELECTRA
—heisburied,ungracedbymewithsepultureorwithtears。
(CHRYSOTHEMISentersinexcitement。)
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Joywingsmyfeet,dearsister,notcarefulofseemliness,ifI
comewithspeed;forIbringjoyfulnews,torelievethylongsufferingsandsorrows。
ELECTRA
Andwhencecouldstthoufindhelpformywoes,whereofnocurecanbeimagined?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Orestesiswithus,—knowthisfrommylips,inlivingpresence,assurelyasthouseestmehere。
ELECTRA
What,artthoumad,poorgirl?Artthoulaughingatmysorrows,andthineown?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Nay,byourfather’shearth,Ispeaknotinmockery;Itelltheethatheiswithusindeed。
ELECTRA
Ah,woeisme!Andfromwhomhastthouheardthistale,whichthoubelievestsolightly?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Ibelieveitonmineownknowledge,notonhearsay;Ihaveseenclearproofs。
ELECTRA
Whathastthouseen,poorgirl,towarrantthybelief?Whither,wonderhastthouturnedthineeyes,thatthouartfeveredwiththisbanefulfire?
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Then,forthegods’love,listen,thatthoumayestknowmystory,beforedecidingwhetherIamsaneorfoolish。
ELECTRA
Speakon,then,ifthoufindestpleasureinspeaking。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Well,thoushalthearallthatIhaveseen。WhenIcametoourfather’sancienttomb,Isawthatstreamsofmilkhadlatelyflowedfromthetopofthemound,andthathissepulchrewasencircledwithgarlandsofallflowersthatblow。Iwasastonishedatthesight,andpeeredabout,lesthaplysomeoneshouldbeclosetomyside。
ButwhenIperceivedthatalltheplacewasinstillness,Icreptnearertothetomb;andonthemound’sedgeIsawalockofhair,freshlysevered。
AndthemomentthatIsawit,ahme,afamiliarimagerusheduponmysoul,tellingmethatthereIbeheldatokenofhimwhommostIlove,Orestes。ThenItookitinmyhands,andutterednoill—omenedword,butthetearsofjoystraightwayfilledmineeyes。
AndIknowwell,asknewthen,thatthisfairtributehascomefromnonebuthim。Whosepartelsewasthat,savemineandthine?AndIdiditnot,Iknow,—northou;howshouldstthou?—whenthoucanstnotleavethishouse,eventoworshipthegods,butatthyperil。Nor,again,doesourmother’sheartinclinetodosuchdeeds,norcouldshehavesodonewithoutourknowledge。
No,theseofferingsarefromOrestes!Come,dearsister,courage!Nomortallifeisattendedbyachangelessfortune。Ourswasoncegloomy;butthisday,perchance,willsealthepromiseofmuchgood。
ELECTRA
Alasforthyfolly!HowIhavebeenpityingthee!
CHRYSOTHEMIS
What,arenotmytidingswelcome?
ELECTRA
Thouknowestnotwhitherorintowhatdreamsthouwanderest。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
ShouldInotknowwhatmineowneyeshaveseen?
ELECTRA
Heisdead,poorgirl;andthyhopesinthatdelivereraregone:
looknottohim。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Woe,woeisme!Fromwhomhastthouheardthis?
ELECTRA
Fromthemanwhowaspresentwhenheperished。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Andwhereishe?Wonderstealsovermymind。
ELECTRA
Heiswithin,aguestnotunpleasingtoourmother。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Ah,woeisme!Whose,then,canhavebeenthoseampleofferingstoourfather’stomb?
ELECTRA
Mostlikely,Ithink,someonebroughtthosegiftsinmemoryofthedeadOrestes。
CHRYSOTHEMIS
Oh,haplessthatIam!AndIwasbringingsuchnewsinjoyoushaste,ignorant,itseems,howdirewasourplight;butnowthatI
havecome,Ifindfreshsorrowsaddedtotheold!
第1章