NothingbutburntvillagesandblackwallsforSchwerin，inthatCony—Hillquarter，andallround；andRothsaluteshimwithonetwenty—fourpounder，whichdidnohurt。Andsothecannonadebegins，Sunday，15th；andintermittently，onbothsidesoftheRiver，continues，alwaysburstingoutagainatintervals，tillWednesday；amerepreliminarycannonadeonSchwerin’spart；
　　makingnoise，doinglittlehurt:intendedmoretoterrify，butwithouteffectthatwayonRothortheTownsfolk。ThepoorBishopdid，ontheseconddayofit，comeout，andmakeapplicationtoSchwerin；waskindlyconductedtohisMajesty，whohappenedtobeoverthere；waskepttodinner；andeasilyhadleavetoretiretoFreywalde，aCountry—Househehas，inthesafedistance。
　　[Helden—Geschichte，i。683。]Therelethimbequiet，welloutoftheseconfusedbatteringsandburningsofproperty。
　　"HisMajesty’sHead—quarterisatOttmachau，butintwohourshecanbehereanyday；andlooksintoeverything；sorrythatthecannonadedoesnotyetanswer。Andremnantsofsuburbsarestillcracklingintoflame；highCountry—HousesofKreuzherren，ofJesuits；afanaticpeopleseeminglyallsetagainstus。’IfNeissewillnotyieldofgood—will，needsisitmustbebeatentopowder，’
　　wrotehisMajestytoJordaninthesecircumstances，aswereadabove。Rothissorrytoobserve，thePrussianshavestillonegoodBishop’s—mansion，inaplacecalledtheKarlau（Karl—Meadow），withtheBishop’swinterfuelallreadystackedthere；butstrivestotakeorderaboutthesame。
　　"WEDNESDAY，18th。Thisdaytwoprovocationshappened。First，inthemorningbyhisMajesty’sorder，ColonelBorck（thesamewesawatHerstal）hadgonewithaTrumpetertowardsRoth；intendingtoinformRothhowmildthetermswouldbe，howterriblethepenaltyofnotacceptingthem。ButRothorRoth’speoplesingularlydisregardBorckandhisParleyTrumpet；answeritsblastsbymusketry；fireuponit，nayagainfireworsewhenitadvancesastepfarther；onthesetermsBorckandTrumpethadtoreturn。
　　WhichmuchangeredhisMajestyatOttmachauthatevening；aswasnatural。Sameevening，ourfinequartersintheKarlaucrackledupinflame，theBishop’swinterfirewoodallalongwithit:thiswasprovocationsecond。RothhadtakenorderwiththeKarlau；andgotaresoluteButchertodothefeat，underpretextofbringingusbeef。
　　Itispiercingcold；onlyblackenedwallsforusnowintheKarlauorelsewhere。HisMajesty，naturallymuchangered，ordersforthemorrowadoseofbomb—shellsandred—hotballs。PlantafewmortarsontheNorthsidetoo，ordershisMajesty。
　　"THURSDAY，19th。Accordingly，by8oftheclock，cannonbatteriesreawakenwithamightynoise，andred—hotballsarenoticeable；
　　andat10theactualbombardingburstsout，terribletohearandsee；——firstshellfallinginHaubitztheClothier’sshop，butbeinghappilygotunder。RothhashisCityMilitiacompanies，organizedwithwater—hoseforquenchingofthered—hotballs:inwhichtheybecameexpert。Sothatthoughthefirecaughtmanyhouses，theyalwaysputitout。Lateinthenight，hearingnowordfromRoth，thePrussianswenttobed。
　　"FRIDAY，20th。Stillnoword；onwhich，about4P。M。，thePrussianbatteriesawakenagain:volcanictorrentofred—hotshotandshells，forsevenhours；stillnowordfromRoth。About11atnighthisMajestyagainsendsaDrum（ParleyTrumpetorwhateveritis）
　　totheGate；formallysummonsRoth；askshim，’Ifhehaswellconsideredwhatthiscanleadto？Especiallywhathe，Roth，meantbyfiringonourfirstTrumpetonWednesdaylast？’Rothanswered，’ThatastotheTrumpet，hehadnotheardofitbefore。Ontheotherhand，thatthismodeofsiegingbyred—hotballsseemsalittleunusual；fortherest，thathehashimselfnoorderorintentionbutthatofresistingtothelast。’SomesaytheDrumhereuponbyordertalkedof’poundingNeisseintopowder，merechild’s—playhitherto；’towhichRothansweredonlybyrespectfuldumb—show。
　　"SATURDAY，21st—MONDAY，23d。MidnightofFriday—Saturday，onthisanswercoming，thefire—volcanoesopenagain；——ninehourslong；
　　shells，andred—hotmaterial，interribleabundance。Whichhitmostlythechurches，Jesuits’SeminariumsandCollegiums；
　　butproducednochangeinRoth。From9A。M。thebatteriesaresilent。Silentstill，nextmorning:DivineServicemayproceed，ifitlike。Butat4oftheafternoon，thebatteriesawakenworsethanever；fromseventoninebombsgoingatonce。Universalrage，ofnoiseandhorridglare，makingnighthideous，till10oftheclock；
　　Rothcontinuinginflexible。ThisisthelastnightoftheSiege。"
　　FriedrichperceivedthatRothwouldnotyield；thattheuttersmashing—downofNeissemightmoreconcernFriedrichthanRoth；
　　——that，infine，itwouldbebettertodesisttilltheweatheraltered。Nextday，"Monday，23d，betweennoonand1o’clock，"thePrussiansdrewback；——convertedthesiegeintoablockade。
　　Neissetobemasked，likeBriegandGlogau（Briegonlyhalfdoneyet，Jeetzwithoutcannontillto—morrow，24th，andlittleNamslaustillgesticulating）:"Theonlythingonecouldtryuponitwasbombardment。ANestofPriests（PFAFFEN—NEST）；notmanytroopsinit:butitcannotwellbeforcedatpresent。Ifspringwerehere，itwillcostafortnight’swork。"[FRIEDRICHTOTHEOLDDESSAUER:
　　FractionofLetter（Ottmachau，16th—21stJanuary，1741）citedbyOrlich，i。51；——fromtheDessauArchives，whereHerrOrlichhasindustriouslybeen。ToallbutstrictlymilitarypeoplethesepiecesofLettersarethevaluablefeatureofOrlich’sBook；andageneralreaderlamentsthatitdoesnotallconsistofsuch，properlyelucidatedandlabelledintoaccessibility。]
　　Anoisybusiness；"King’shighpersonmuchexposed:abombardierandthenasergeantwerekilledclosebyhim，thoughinallhelostonlyfivemen。"[Helden—Geschichte，
　　i。680—690。]
　　BROWNEVANISHESINASLIGHTFLASHOFFIRE。
　　BrowneallthiswhilehashungontheMountain—side，witnessingthesethings；sendingstorestowardsGlatzsouthwestward，and"ruiningtheways"behindthem；waitingwhatwouldbecomeofNeisse。Neissedone，Schwerinisuponhim；BrownemakesoffSoutheastward，acrosstheMountains，forMoraviaandhome；
　　Schwerinfollowinghard。AtalittleplacecalledGratz，[Thename，inoldSlavicspeech，signifiesTOWN；andtherearemanyGRATZES:
　　KONIGINgratz（QUEEN’S，whichforbrevityisnowgenerallycalledKONIGSgratz，inBohemia）；GratzinStyria；WINDISCHgratz（Wendish—town）；&c。]ontheMoravianborder，Brownefacedround，triedtodefendtheBridgeoftheOppa，sharplythoughwithouteffect；andtherecame（January25th）ahotsputterbetweenthemforafewminutes:——afterwhichBrownevanishedintotheinterior，andwehear，intheseparts，comparativelylittlemoreofhimduringthisWar。Friendandfoemustadmitthathehasneglectednothing；andfairlymadethebestofabadbusinesshere。HeisbutaninterimGeneral，too；hisSuccessorjustcoming；andtheViennaBoardofWarisfrequentlytroublesome，——towhosewindyspeculationsBrownereplieswithsagaciousscepticism，andhereandthereatouchofveiledsarcasm，whichwasnotlikelytoconciliateinhighplaces。HadherHungarianMajestybeenabletoretainBrowneinhispost，insteadofpoorNeippergwhowassentinstead，theremighthavebeenaconsiderablydifferentaccounttogiveofthesequel。ButNeippergwasTutor（War—Tutor）totheGrand—Duke；
　　Browneisstillofyoungstanding（ageonlythirty—five），withatouchofveiledsarcasm；andthingsmustgotheircourse。
　　InSchlesien，Schwerinisnowtocommandinchief；theKinggoingofftoBerlinforalittle，naturallywithplentyoferrandthere。
　　ThePrussianTroopsgointoWinter—quarters；spreadthemselveswide；besetthegoodpoints，especiallythePassesoftheHills，——
　　fromJagerndorf，eastwardtotheJablunkaleadingtowardsHungary；
　　——naytheycan，andbeforelongdo，spreadintotheMoravianTerritories，ontheotherside；andlevycontributions，theQueenprovingunreasonable。
　　ItwasMonday，23d，whentheSiegeofNeissewasabandoned:onWednesday，Friedrichhimselfturnshomeward；looksintoSchweidnitz，looksintoLiegnitz；andarrivesatBerlinastheweekends，——muchacclamationgreetinghimfromthemultitude。
　　ExceptthosethreemaskedFortresses，capableofnodefencetospeakof，wereWinterover，SilesiaisnowallFriedrich’s，——hasfallenwhollytohiminthespaceofaboutSevenWeeks。Theseizurehasbeeneasy；buttheretainingofit，perhapshehimselfbeginstoseemoreclearly，willhavedifficulties！Fromthispoint，thetalkaboutGLOIREnearlyceasesinhisCorrespondence。Inthosesevenweekshehas，withGLOIREorotherwise，cutoutforhimselfsuchalifeoflaborasnomanofhisCenturyhad。
　　ChapterVII。
　　ATVERSAILLES，THEMOSTCHRISTIANMAJESTYCHANGESHIS
　　SHIRT，ANDBELLEISLEISSEENWITHPAPERS。
　　WhileFriedrichwassobusyinSilesia，theworldwasnotasleeparoundhim；theworldneveris，thoughitoftenseemstobe，roundamanandwhatactionhedoesinit。ThatSundaymorning，FirstDayoftheYear1741，inthosesamehourswhileFriedrich，withenergy，withcaution，wasedginghimselfintoBreslau，therewentonintheCourtofVersaillesaninteriorPhenomenon；ofwhich，havingbychancegotaccesstoitfacetoface，weproposetomakethereaderparticipantbeforegoingfarther。
　　ReadersarelanguidlyawarethatphenomenadogoonroundtheirFriedrich；thattheirbusyFriedrich，withhisfewVoltairesandrenownedpersons，arenottheonlypopulationoftheirCentury，byanymeans。Everybodyisawareofthatfact；yet，inpractice，almosteverybodyisasgoodasnotaware；andtheWorldallroundone’sHeroisadarkness，adormantvacancy。Howstrangewhen，ashere，someWaste—paperspill（sotospeak）turnsup，whichyoucanKINDLE；and，bythebriefflameofit，bidareaderlookwithhisowneyes！——FromHerrDoctorBusching，whodidtheGEOGRAPHYandaboutaHundredotherBooks，——amanofgreatworth，almostofgenius，couldhehaveelaboratedhisHundredBooksintoTen（ordistilled，intoflasksofaqua—vitae，whatotherwiseliestumblingastanksofmashandwort，nowrunverysourandmal—odorous）；——
　　itisfromHerrBuschingthatwegainthefollowingroughPiece，illuminativeifonecankindleit:——
　　TheTitular—HerrBaronAntonvonGeusau，agentlemanofgoodparts，scholasticbyprofession，andofProtestantcreed，wasaccompanyingasTravellingTutor，inthoseyears，ayoungGrafvonReuss。
　　GrafvonBeussisoneofthoseindistinctCountsReuss，whoalwayscallthemselves"Henry；"and，beingnowattheeightiethandfarther，withuncountablecollateralHenrysintertwisted，arebecomeineffectanonymous，orofnomenclatureinscrutabletomankind。Noristheyoungoneotherwiseoftheleastinteresttous；——exceptthatHerrAnton，theTravellingTutor，punctuallykeptaJournalofeverything。WhichJournal，longafterwards，cameintothehandsofBusching，alsoapunctualman；andwasbyhimabridged，andsetforthinprintinhisBeitrage。Offeringatpresentasingulardaguerrotypeglimpseofthethenactualworld，whereverGrafvonReussandhisGeusauhappenedtobe。Nine—tenthsofit，eveninBusching’sAbridgment，arenowfallenuselessandwearisome；buttoonestudyingthedaysthatthenwere，eventheeffetecommonplaceofitoccasionallybecomesaliveagain。Andhowinterestingtocatch，hereandthere，aHistoricalFigureontheseconditions；HistoricalFigure’sveryself，inhiswork—dayattitude；eatinghisvictuals；writing，receivingletters，talkingtohisfellow—creatures；unawarethatPosterity，miraculouslythroughsomechinkoftheTravellingTutor’sproducing，hasgotitseyeuponhim。
　　"SUNDAY，1stJANUARY，1741，GeusauandhisyoungGentlemanleaveParis，at5inthemorning，anddriveouttoVersailles；intendingtoseetheceremoniesofNew—year’sdaythere。Verywetweatherithadbeen，allWednesday，andfordaysbefore；[Seein
　　Barbier（ii。283etseqq。）whatterribleNoah—likeweatherithadbeen；bighouses，longinsoak，tumblingdownatlastintotheSeine；CHASSEofSt。Genevievebroughtout（twodaysago），December30th，totryitbymiracle；&c。&c。]butonthisSunday，New—year’smorning，allisiceandglass；andtheyslidaboutpainfullybylamplight，——withunroughenedhorses，andontheHillyorMeudonroad，havingchosenthatasfittest，thewatersbeingout；——notarrivingatCourttill9。Norfindingverymuchtocomfortthem，exceptonthesideofcuriosity，whenthere。
　　Ushers，INTRODUCTEURS，CabinetSecretaries，wereindeedassiduoustooblige；andtheKing’sLeveewillbe:butifyoufollowit，totheChapelRoyaltowitnesshighmass，youmustkneelatelevationofthehost；andthis，asreformedChristians，ReussandhisTutorcannotundertaketodo。Theyacceptadinnerinvitation（12thehour）fromsomegoodSamaritanofQuality；and，forsights，willcontentthemselveswiththeKing’sLeveeitself，andgenerallywithwhattheKing’sAntechamberandtheOEil—de—Boeufcanexhibittothem。TheMostChristianKing’sLevee[LEVER，literallyherehisGettingoutofBed]isadailymiracleoftheselocalities，onlygranderonNew—year’sday；anditistothefollowingeffect:——
　　"TillMajestypleasetoawaken，yousaunterintheSalledesAmbassadeurs；wholecrowdsjostlingoneanotherthere；gossipingtogetherinadiligent，insipidmanner；"gossipallreported；
　　snatchesofwhichhaveacquiredacertainflavorbylongkeeping；——
　　whichthereadershallimagine。"MeanwhileyoukeepyoureyeontheGrateoftheInnerCourt，whichasyetisonlyajar，Majestyinaccessibleasyet。Behold，atlast，Grateopensitselfwide；signthatMajestyisoutofbed；thattheprivilegedofmankindmayapproach，andseethemiracles。"Geusaucontinues，abridgedbyBuschingandus:——
　　"ThewholeAssemblagepassednowintotheKing’sAnteroom；hadtowaitthereabouthalfanhourmore，beforetheKing’sbedroomwasopened。Butthenatlast，loyou，——thereistheKing，visibletoGeusauandeverybody，washinghishands。’Whicheffecteditselfinthisway:’TheKingwasseated；agentleman—in—waitingknelt，beforehim，andheldtheEwer，asquarevesselsilver—gilt，firmupontheKing’sbreast；andanothergentleman—in—waitingpouredwaterontheKing’shands。’Merelyanofficialwashing，weperceive；thereal，itistobehoped，had，inamuchmoreeffectualway，beengoingonduringthehalf—hourjustelapsed。
　　Afterwashing，theKingroseforaninstant；hadhisdressing—gown，agrandyellowsilkyarticlewithsilverflowerings，pulledoff，andflungroundhisloins；uponwhichhesatdownagain，and，"——
　　observeit，yeprivilegedofmankind，——"theChangeofShirttookplace！’Theyputthecleanshirtdownoverhishead，’saysAnton，（andpluckedupthedirtyonefromwithin，sothatofthenakedskinyousawlittleornothing。’"Hereisamiracleworthgettingoutofbedtolookat！
　　"HisMajestynowquittedchairanddressing—gown；stoodupbeforethefire；and，aftergettingontherestofhisclothing，which，onaccountofCzarinaAnne’sdeath[readersrememberthat]，wasofvioletormourningcolor，hehadthepowder—mantlethrownroundhim，andsatdownattheToilettetohavehishairfrizzled。TheToilette，atablewithwhitecovershovedintothemiddleoftheroom，hadonitamirror，apowder—knife，and"——nomortalcareswhat。"TheKing，"whatallmortalsnote，astheydotheheavenlyomens，"issomewhattalky；speakssometimeswiththeDutchAmbassador，sometimeswiththePope’sNuncio，whoseemsajocosekindofgentleman；sometimeswithdifferentFrenchLords，andatlastwiththeCardinalFleuryalso，——towhom，however，hedoesnotlookparticularlygracious，"——notparticularlythistime。Thesearetheomens；happywhocanreadthem！——Majestythendidhismorning—
　　prayer，assistedonlybythecommonAlmoners—in—waiting（Cardinaltooknohand，muchlessanyother）；Majestykneltbeforehisbed，andfinishedthebusiness’inlessthansixseconds。’AfterwhichmankindcanebbouttotheAnteroomagain；paytheirdevoirtotheQueen’sMajesty，whichalldo；orwaitfortheTransittoMorningChapel，andseeMesdamesofFranceandtheothersflittingpastintheirsedans。
　　"Queen’sMajestywasalreadyaltogetherdressed，"saysGeusau，almostasifwithsomedisappointment；"allinblack；amostaffablecourteousMajesty；standsconversingwiththeRussianAmbassador，withtheDutchditto，withtheLadiesabouther，andatlast，’inafriendlyandmerrytone，’witholdCardinalFleury。
　　HerLadies，whentheQueenspokewiththem，showednoconstraintatall；leantlooselywiththeirarmsonthefire—screens，andtookthingseasy。MesdamesofFrance"——GeusausawMesdames。Poorlittlesouls，theyaretheLOQUE，theCOCHON（Rag，Pig，soPapawouldcallthem，dearPapa），whobecometragicallyvisibleagainintheRevolutiontime:——allbloomingyoungchildrenasyet（Queen’sMajestysomethirty—sevengone），andlittledreamingwhatliesfiftyyearsahead！KingLouis’scareerofextraneousgallantries，whichendedintheParc—aux—Cerfs，isnowjustbeginning:thinkofthattoo；andofherMajesty’sfinebehaviorunderit；soaffable，sopatient，silent，nowandalways！——"Inalittlewhile，theirMajestiesgoalongtheGreatGallerytoChapel；"whithertheProtestantmindcannotwithcomfortaccompany。[Busching，
　　Beitrage，ii。59—78。]
　　ThisisthedailymiracledoneatVersaillestothebelievingmultitude；onlythatonNew—year’sday，andcertainsupremeoccasions，theshirtishandedbyaPrinceoftheBlood，andthetowelfordryingtheroyalhandsbyaditto，withotherimprovements；andthethingcomesoutinitshighestpowerofeffulgence，——especiallyifyoucouldseehighmasswithal。IntheAntechamberand（OEil—de—Boeuf，Geusau，amonghundredsofphenomenafallendeadtous，sawtheFourfollowing，whichhavestillsomelife:——
　　1。ManyKnightsoftheHolyGhost（CHEVALIERSDUSAINTESPRIT）areabout；magnificentlypiebaldpeople，indistincttous，andfallendeadtous:butthere，amongthecompany，donotweindisputablysee，"infullCardinal’scostume，"FleurytheancientPrimeMinistertalkingtoherMajesty？Blandlysmiling；softasmilk，yetwithaflavorofalcoholicwitinhimhereandthere。Thatisamanworthlookingat，hadtheypaintedhimatall。Redhat，redstockings；aserenelydefiniteoldgentleman，withsomethingofprudentwisdom，andatouchofimperceptiblejocosityattimes；
　　mildlyinexpugnableinmanner:thisKing，whoseTutorhewastwentyyearsago，stilllookstohimashisfather；FleuryistherealKingofFranceatpresent。Hisageiseighty—sevengone；theKing’sisthirty（sevenyearsyoungerthanhisQueen）:andtheCardinalhasredstockingsandredhat；veritablythere，successivelyinbothAntechambers，seenbyGeusau，January1st，1741:thatisallIknow。
　　2。ThePrincedeClermont，aPrinceoftheBlood，"handedtheshirt，"TESTEGeusau。SomeotherPrince，notabletoGeusau，andtousnameless，hadthehonorofthe"towel:"butthisPrincedeClermont，adissolutefellowofwastedparts，kindofPriest，kindofSoldiertoo，isseenvisiblyhandingtheshirtthere；——whomthereaderandI，ifwecaredaboutit，shallagainsee，gettingbeatenbyPrinceFerdinand，atCrefeld，withintwentyyearshence。
　　Thesearepointsfirstandsecond，slightlynoticeable，slightlyifatall。
　　Oftheactualtransittohighmass，transitveryvisibleintheGreatGalleryorOEil—de—Boeuf，whyshouldahumanbeingnowsayanything？Queen，poorStanislaus’sDaughter，andherLadies，intheirsublimesedans，onefloodofjewels，sailfirst；nextsailsKingLouis，shirtwarmonhisback，with"thirty—fourChevaliersoftheHolyGhost"escorting；next"theDauphin"（Boyofeleven，LouisXVI。’s。Father），and"MesdamesofFrance，with"——butevenGeusaustopsshort。ProtestantscannotenterthatChapel，withoutperilofidolatry；whereforeGeusauandPupilkeptstrollinginthegeneral（OEil—de—Boeuf，——and"theDutchAmbassadorapprovedofit，"heforone。Andherenowisanotherpoint，slightlynoticeable:——
　　3。Highmassover，hisMajestysailsbackfromChapel，inthesamemagnificentlypiebaldmanner；andvanishesintotheinterior；
　　leavinghisKnightsoftheHolyGhost，andotherCourtiermultitude，tosimmerabout，andebbawayastheyfoundgood。
　　GeusauandhisyoungReusshadnowthehonorofbeingintroducedtovariouspeople；amongothers"tothePrincedeSoubise。"PrincedeSoubise:frivolous，insignificantbeing；ofwhomIhavenoportraitthatisnotnearlyblank，andcontenttobeso；——thoughHerrvonGeusauwouldhaveone，withfeaturesandcostumetoit，whenheheardoftheBeatingatRossbach，longafter！PrincedeSoubiseisprettymuchablanktoeverybody:——andnosoonerarewelooseofhim，than（whateveryreaderwilldowelltonote）4。OurHerrenTravellersareintroducedtoarealNotability:Monseigneur，soontobeMarechal，theComtedeBelleisle；whommyreadersandIaretobemuchconcernedwith，intimecoming。"Atallleanman（LANGER
　　HAGERERMANN），withoutmuchairofquality，"thinksGeusau；
　　butwithmuchswiftintellectandenergy，andadistinguishedcharacter，whateverGeusaumightthink。"ComtedeBelleislewasverycivil；butapologized，inacourtlyandkindway，forthehurryhewasin；regrettingtheimpossibilityofdoingthehonorstotheComtedeReussinthisCountry，——his，Belleisle’s，JourneyintoGermany，whichwascloseathand，overwhelminghimwithoccupationsandengagementsatpresent。Andindeed，evenwhilehespoketous，"saysGeusau，"allmannerofPaperswereputintohishand。"[Busching，ii。79；seeBarbier，ii。282，287。]
　　"JourneytoGermany，Papersputintohishand:"thereisperhapsnoHumanFigureintheworld，thisSunday（excepttheoneFigurenowinthosesamemomentsoveratBreslau，gentlypressinguponthelockedGatesthere），whoissomomentousforourSilesianOperations；andindeedhewillkindleallEuropeintodelirium；andproducemerethunderandlightning，forsevenyearstocome，——withalmostnoresultinit，exceptSilesia！Atallleanman；therestandshe，agenowfifty—six，justaboutsettingoutonsucherrand。Whomoneisthankfultohaveseenforamoment，eveninthatslightmanner。
　　OFBELLEISLEANDHISPLANS。
　　CharlesLouisAugusteFouquet，ComtedeBelleisle，isGrandsonofthatIntendantFouquet，sumptuousFinancier，whomLouisXIV。atlastthrewout，andlockedintotheFortressofPignerol，amidtheSavoyAlps，theretomeditateforlife，whichlastedthirtyyearslonger。ItwasneverunderstoodthatthesumptuousFouquethadaltogetherstolenpublicmoneys，norindeedrightlywhathehaddonetomeritPignerol；andalways，thoughfallensomehowintosuchdiredisfavor，hewaspitiedandrespectedbyagoodportionofthepublic。"HasangeredColbert，"saidthepublic；"dangerousrivalrytoColbert；thatiswhathasbroughtPigneroluponhim。"OutofPignerolthatFouquetnevercame；buthisFamilybloomedupintolightagain；haditsadventures，sometimesitstroubles，intheRegencytime，butwasalwaysinarisingway:——andhere，inthistallleanmangettingpapersputintohishand，ithasrisenveryhighindeed。GoingasAmbassadorExtraordinarytotheGermanicDiet，"toassistgoodneighbors，asaneighborandMostChristianMajestyshould，inchoosingtheirnewKaisertothebestadvantage:"thatistheofficialcolorhismissionistohave。
　　Surelyaproudmission；——andBelleisleintendstoexecuteitinawaythatwillsurprisetheGermanicDietandmankind。Privately，Belleisleintendsthathe，byhisownindustries，shallhimselfchoosetherightKaiser，suchKaiseraswillsuittheMostChristianMajestyandhim；heintendstomakeanewFrenchthingofGermanyingeneral；andcarriesinhisheadplansofanamazingnature！HeandaBrotherhehas，calledtheChevalierdeBelleisle，whoisalsoadistinguishedman，andsecondsM。leComtewitheloquentfireandzealinallthings，aregrandsonsofthatoldFouquet，andthemostshiningmeninFranceatpresent。
　　Francelittledreamshowmuchbetteritperhapswere，hadtheyalsobeenkeptsafeinPignerol！——
　　TheCount，leanandgrowingold，isnothealthy；iseverandanontormented，andlaidupforweeks，withrheumatisms，goutsandailments:butotherwiseheisstillaswiftardentelasticspirit；
　　withgrandschemes，withfierynotionsandconvictions，whichcaptivateandhurryoffmen’smindsmorethaneloquencecould，sointenselytruearetheytotheCounthimself；——andthenhisBrothertheChevalierisalwaystheretoputthemintotheduelanguageandlogic，whereneeded。[Voltaire，xxviii。74；xxix。392；&c。]
　　Amagnanimoushigh—flownspirit；thoughttobeofsupremeskillbothinWarandinDiplomacy；fitformanythings；andisstillfullofambitiontodistinguishhimself，andtelltheworldatallmoments，"MEVOILA；World，Itooamhere！"——Hisplans，justnow，whicharedimeventohimself，exceptonthehitherskirtofthem，stretchoutimmeasurable，andliepileduphighastheskies。
　　Thehitherskirtofthem，whichwillsufficethereaderatpresent，is:——
　　ThatyourGrand—DukeFranz，MariaTheresa’sHusband，shallinnowise，astheworldandDukeFranzexpect，betheKaiserchosen。
　　Nothe，butanotherwhowillsuitFrancebetter:"Kur—Sachsenperhaps，theso—calledKingofPoland？OrsayitwereKarlAlbertKur—Baiern，thehereditaryfriendanddependentofFrance？Wearenottiedtoaman:only，atanyandatallrates，notGrand—DukeFranz。"Thisisthegrand，essentialandindispensablepoint，alphaandomegaofpoints；veryclearthisonetoBelleisle，——andtowardsthisthefirststeps，ifasyetonlythefirst，arealsocleartohim。Namelythat"the27thofFebruarynext"，——whichisthetimesetbyKur—MainzandthenativeOfficialsfortheactualmeetingoftheirReichstagtobeginElectionBusiness，willbetooearlyatime；andmustbegotpostponed。[Adelung，ii。185（"27thFebruary—
　　1stMarch，1741，atFrankfurt—on—Mayn，"appointedbyKur—Mainz"Arch—ChancelloroftheREICH，"underdateNovember3d，1740）；——
　　ib。236（"Delayforamonthortwo，"suggestsKur—Pfalz，onJanuary12th，secondedbyothersintheFrenchinterest）；——uponwhichtheappointment，aftersomearguing，collapsedintothevague，andthereensueddelayenough；actualElectionnottillJanuary24th，1742。]Postponed；whichwillbepossible，perhapsforlong；oneknowsnotforhowlong:thatisafirststepdefinitelycleartoBelleisle。Towardswhich，aspreliminarytoitandtoalltheothersinadimmerstate，thereisasecondthingclear，andhasevenbeenofficiallysettled（allbuttheday）:That，inthemeanwhile，andsurelythesoonerthebetter，he，Belleisle，MostChristianMajesty’sAmbassadorExtraordinarytotheReichstagcoming，——do，inhismostdazzlingandpersuasivemanner，makeaTouramongGermanCourts。Letusvisit，inourhighestandyetinoursoftestsplendor，theaccessibleGermanCourts，especiallythelikelyorwell—disposed:Mainz，Koln，Trier，these，thethreecalledSpiritual，lieonourveryroute；thenPfalz，Baiern，Sachsen:——wewilltourdiligentlyupanddown；trywhether，byopticmachineryandart—magicofthemind，onecannotbringthemround。
　　Inallthesepreliminarystepsandpoints，andeveninthatalphaandomegaofexcludingGrand—DukeFranz，andgettingaKaiserofhisown，Belleislesucceeded。Withpainfulresultstohimselfandtomillionsofhisfellow—creatures，toreadersofthisHistory，amongothers。Andbecameinconsequencethemostfamousofmankind；
　　andfilledthewholeworldwithrumorofBelleisle，inthoseyears。——AmanofsuchintrinsicdistinctionasBelleisle，whomFriedrichafterwardsdeliberatelycalledagreatCaptain，andtheonlyFrenchmanwithageniusforwar；andwho，forsometime，playedinEuropeatlargeapartlikethatofWarwicktheKingmaker:howhashefallenintosuchoblivion？Manyofmyreadersneverheardofhimbefore；nor，inwritingorotherwise，istheresymptomthatanylivingmemorynowharborshim，orhastheleastapproachtoanimageofhim！"Forthetimesarebabbly，"saysGoethe，"Andthenagainthetimesaredumb:——
　　DenngeschwatzigsinddieZeiten，Undsiesindauchwiederstumm。"
　　Alas，ifamansowonlychaff，inneversosublimeamanner，withthewholeEarthandthelong—earedpopulationslookingon，andchorallysingingapproval，renderingnighthideous，——itwillavailhimnothing。Andthat，toalamentableextent，wasBelleisle’scase。HisschemeofactionwasinmostfelicitouslyjustaccordancewiththenationalsenseofFrance，butbynomeanssowiththeLawsofNatureandofFact；hisaim，grandiose，patriotic，whatyouwill，wasunluckilyfalseandnottrue。Howcould"thetimes"
　　continuetalkingofhim？Theyfoundtheyhadalreadytalkedtoomuch。NottosaythattheFrenchRevolutionhassincecome；andhasblownallthatintotheair，milesaloft，——whereeventhesolidpartofit，whichmustberecoveredoneday，muchmorethegaseous，whichwetrustisforeverirrecoverable，nowwandersandwhirls；
　　andmanythingsareabolished，forthepresent，ofmorevaluethanBelleisle！——
　　Formyownshare，being，asitwere，forcedaccidentallytolookathimagain，IfindinBelleisleareallynotableman；farsuperiortothevulgarofnotedmen，inhistimeorours。Saddestinyforsuchaman！ButwhenthegeneralLife—elementbecomessounspeakablyphantasmalasunderLouisXV。，itisdifficultforanymantobereal；tobeotherthanaplay—actor，moreorlesseminent，andartisticallydressed。Sadenough，surely，whenthetruthofyourrelationtotheUniverse，andthetragicallyearnestmeaningofyourLife，isquiteliedoutofyou，byaworldsunkinlies；andyoucan，witheffort，attaintonothingbuttobeamoreorlesssplendidliealongwithit！Yourveryexistenceallbecomeavesture，ahypocrisy，andhearsay；nothingleftofyoubutthissadfacultyofsowingchaffinthefashionablemanner！
　　AfterFriedrichandVoltaire，inbothofwhom，underthegivencircumstances，onefindsaperennialreality，moreorless，——
　　Belleisleisnext；noneFAILStoescapethemournfulcommonlotbyanearermissthanBelleisle。
　　Beyonddoubt，thereareinthismanthebiggestprojectsanyFrenchheadhascarried，sinceLouisXIV。withhissublimeperiwigfirsttooktostrikingthestars。HowtheindolentLouisXV。andthepacificFleuryhavebeengotintothissublimelyadventurousmood？
　　ByBelleislechiefly，mensay；——andbyKingLouis’sfirstMistresses，blownuponbyBelleisle；poorLouishavingnow，atlength，lefthispoorQueentoherreflections，andtakenintothatsadline，inwhichbydegreeshecarrieditsofar。Therearethreeofthem，itseems；——thefirstfemalesoulsthatcouldevermanagetokindle，intoflameorintosmoke:inthisoranyotherkind，thatpoortorpidmalesoul:thoseMaillySisters，threeinnumber（Iamshockedtohear），successive，nayinpartsimultaneous！
　　Theyareproudwomen，especiallythetwoyounger；withambitioninthem，withabravuramagnanimity，ofthetheatricaloroperatickind；ofwhomLouisisveryfond。"ToraiseFrancetoitsplace，yourMajesty；thetopoftheUniverse，namely！""Well；ifitcouldbedone，——andquitewithouttrouble？"thinksLouis。
　　Bravuramagnanimity，blownuponbyBelleisle，prevailsamongthesehighImproperFemales，andgenerallyintheYoungerCirclesoftheCourt；sothatpooroldFleuryhashadnochoicebuttoobeyitorretire。AndsoBelleislestalksacrosstheOEil—de—Boeufinthatimportantmanner，visiblytoGeusau；andistheshiningobjectinParis，andmuchthetopicthereatpresent。
　　Afewweekshence，heisfarther——alittleoutofthecommonturn，butnotbeyondhismilitarymeritsorcapabilities——madeMarechaldeFrance；[FastesdeLouisXV。，i。356（12thFebruary，1741）。]bywayofgivinghimanewsplendorintheGermanPoliticalWorld，andassistinginhisoperationsthere，whichdependmuchuponthelawsofvision。Frenchepigramscirculateinconsequence，andtherearewittycriticisms；towhichBelleisle，suchaduskyworldofPossibilitylyingahead，isgrandlyindifferent。MarechaldeFrance；——andGeusauhears（whatisafact）
　　thattherearetobe"thirtyyoungFrenchLordsinhissuite；"hisvery"Livery，"ormereplushretinue，"toconsistof110persons；"
　　suchanoutfitformagnificenceaswasneverseenbefore。Andinthisequipment，"earlyinMarch"（exactdaynotgiven），magnificenceofoutsidecorrespondingtograndiosityoffacultyandidea，Belleisle，weshallfind，doespracticallysetofftowardsGermany；——likeakindofFrenchBelus，orGodoftheSun；capabletodazzleweakGermanCourts，byopticalmachinery，andtosetmuchrottenthatchonfire！——
　　"TherearecuriousdaguerrotypeglimpsesofoldParistobefoundinthatNotebookofGeusau’s"，saysanotherExcerpt；"whichcomestrangelyhometous，likerealityatfirst—hand；——andaratherunexpectedParisitis，tomostreaders；manythingsthenalivethere，whicharenowdeepunderground。MuchJansenistTheologyafloat；grandFrenchLadiespiouslyeagertoconvertayoungProtestantNoblemanlikeReuss；sublimeDorcases，whodonotrouge，ordresshigh，buteschewtheevilworld，andarethriftyforthePoor’ssake，redeemingthetime。ThereisaCardinaldePolignac，venerablesageandex—politicalperson，ofastonishingerudition，collectorofAntiques（withwhomwedined）；thereistheChevalierRamsay，theologicalScotchJacobite，lateTutoroftheyoungTurenne。Somanyshiningpersons，nowfallenindistinctagain。
　　Andthen，besidesgossip，whichisofmildqualityandinfairproportion，——whattalk，casuisticandother，abouttheMoralDuties，thestillfeasiblePieties，theConstitutionUnigenitus！
　　Allthisalive，resonantatdinner—tablesofConservativestamp；
　　theMiraclesofAbbeParismuchatopicthere:——andnotawhisperofInfidelPhilosophies；theverynameofVoltairenotoncementionedintheReusssectionofParisianthings。
　　"Thereisrumornowandthenofa’ComtedeRothenbourg，’
　　conspicuousintheParisiancircles；ashiningmilitaryman，butseeminglyinwantofemployment；whohaslostingambling，withinthelastfouryears，upwardsof50，000pounds（1，300，000livres，theexactciphergiven）。ThisistheGrafvonRothenburgwhomFriedrichmadeacquaintancewith，intheRhineCampaignsixyearsago，andhaseversincehadinhiseye；——whom，inafewweekshence，FriedrichbeckonsovertohimintothePrussianStates:
　　’Hither，andyoushallhavework！’WhichRothenburgaccepts；withmanifoldadvantagetobothparties:——oneofFriedrich’smostdistinguishedfriendsfortherestofhislife。
　　"OfCardinalPolignacthereismuchsaid，andseveraldinnerswithhimaretransacted，dialoguepartlygiven:apiouswiseoldgentlemanreally，inhiskind（agenoweighty—four）；lookingmildlyforthuponaworldjustabouttooversetitselfandgotopsy—turvy，asheseesitwill。HisANTI—LUCRETIUSwasoncesuchaPoem！——butwementionhimherebecausehisfineCabinetofAntiquescametoBerlinonhisdeath，Friedrichpurchasing；andoneoftenhearsofit（ifonecaredtohear）fromthePrussianDryasdustinsubsequentyears。[CametoCharlottenburg，August，1742（oldPolignachaddiedNovemberlast，tenmonthsafterthoseGeusautimes）:costofthePolignacCabinetwas40，000thalers（6，000pounds）saysome，90，000
　　livres（under4，000pounds）sayothers；cheapateitherprice；——
　　and，bychance，cameopportunely，"afirehavingjustburntdowntheAcademyEdifice，"anddestroyedmuchwareofthatkind。
　　Rodenbeck，i。73；Seyfarth（Anonymous），GeschichteFriedrichsdesAndern，i。236。]
　　"OfFriedrich’sunexpectedInvasionofSilesiatherearealsotalkingsandsurmisings，butinamildindifferenttone，andmuchinthevague。Andinthebest—informedcirclesitisthoughtBelleislewillmanagetoHAVEGrand—DukeFranz，theQueenofHungary’sHusband，chosenKaiser，and，insomemildgoodway，putanendtoallthat；"——whichisfarindeedfromBelleisle’sintention！
　　ChapterVIII。
　　PHENOMENAINPETERSBURG。
　　IknownotwhetherMajorWinterfeld，whowassenttoPetersburginDecemberlast，hadgotbacktoBerlininFebruary，nowwhileFriedrichisthere:butforcertainthegoodnewsofhimhad，Thathehadbeencompletelysuccessful，andwascomingspeedily，toresumehissoldierdutiesinrighttime。AsWinterfeldisanimportantman（nearlyburiedintodarknessinthedullPrussianBooks），letuspauseforamomentonthisNegotiationofhis；——andonthemadRussianvicissitudeswhichprecededandfollowed，sofarastheyconcernus。Russia，abigdemi—savageneighbornextdoor，withsuchcaprices，suchhumorsandinterests，isalwaysanimportant，ratherdelicateobjecttoFriedrich；andFortune’smadwheelisplungingandcantinginastrangeheadlongwaythere，oflate。CzarinaAnne，weknow，isdead；theAutocratofAlltheRussiasfollowingtheKaiseroftheRomanswithineightdays。
　　Iwan，herlittleNephew，stillinswaddling—clothes，isnowAutocratofAlltheRussiasifheknewit，poorlittlered—coloredcreature；andAntonUlrichandhisMecklenburgRussianPrincess——
　　ButletustakeupthematterwhereourNotebooksleftit，inFriedrichWilhelm’stime:——
　　"CzarinaAnnewiththebigcheek，"continuesthatNotebook，[Supra，p。129。]"wasextremelydelightedtoseelittleIwan；butenjoyedhimonlytwomonths；beingherselfindyingcircumstances。
　　SheappointedlittleIwanherSuccessor，hisMotherandFathertobeGuardiansoverhim；butoneBieren（whowriteshimselfBiron，and"DukeofCourland，’beingCzarina’sQuasi—Husbandthesemanyyears）tobeGuardian，asitwere，overboththemandhim。SuchhadbeenthetruculentinsatiableBieren’sdemandonhisCzarina。
　　’Youarerunningonyourdestruction，’saidshe，withtears；
　　butcomplied，asshehadbeenwont。
　　"CzarinaAnnedied28thOctober，1740；leavingaCzarinhiscradle；littleCzarIwanoftwomonths，withMotherandFathertopresideoverhim，andtobethemselvespresidedoverbyBieren，inthismanner。[Mannstein，pp。264—267（28thOctober，byRussianorOldStyle，is"17th；"weTRANSLATE，inthisandothercases，RussianorEnglish，intoNewStyle，unlessthecontraryisindicated）。ThiswasthefirstgreatchangeforAntonUlrich；
　　butothersgreaterarecoming。LittleAnton，readersknow，isFriedrich’sBrother—in—law，muchpatronizedbyAustria；Anton’sspouseistheHalf—RussianPrincessCatherineofMecklenburg（nowwhollyRussian，andcalledPrincessAnne），whomFriedrichatonetimethoughtofapplyingfor，inhisdistressaboutaWife。Thesetwo，willtheysidewithPrussia，willtheysidewithAustria？
　　Itwashardlyworthinquiry，hadnotFortune’swheelmadesuddenlyagreatcant，andpitchedthemtothetop，forthetimebeing。
　　"Bierenlastedonlytwentydays。Hewasveryhighandarbitraryuponeverybody；AnneandAntonUlrichsufferingnaturallymostfromhim。TheytookcounselwithFeldmarschallMunnichonthematter；
　　who，afterstudy，declareditaremediablecase。Friday，18thNovember，Munnichhad，byinvitation，todinewithDukeBieren；
　　Munnichwentaccordinglythatday，anddined；Dukelookingalittleflurried，theysay:andthesameevening，dinnerbeingquiteover，andmidnightcome，Munnichhadhismeasuresalltaken，soldiersready，warrantinhand；——andarrestedBiereninhisbed；
　　mereSiberia，beforesunrise，loominguponBieren。Neverwassuchachangeasthisfrom18thdayto19thwithasupremeBieren。
　　OurfriendMannstein，excellentpunctualAide—de—CampofMunnich，wastheexecutorofthefeat；andhasleftpunctualrecordofit，ashedoesofeverything，———whatBierensaid，andwhatMadamBieren，whowasalittleobstreperousontheoccasion。[Mannstein，p。268。]WhatsideAntonUlrichandSpousewilltakeinaquarrelbetweenPrussiaandAustria，isnowwellworthasking。
　　"AntonUlrichandWifeAnne，thatistosay，’RegentAnne’and’GeneralissimoAntonUlrich，’nowruled，withMunnichforright—
　　handman；andthesewerehightimesforAntonUlrich，GeneralissimoandCzar’s—Father；whoindeedwasmodest，anddidnotofteninterfereinwords，thoughgrievedatthefoolishwayshisWifehad。Anindolentflabbykindofcreature，she，unfitforanAutocrat；satinherprivateapartments，allinahuddleofundress；hadfoolishnotions，——especiallyhadsoubretteswholedheraboutbytheear。Andthentherewasa’PrincessElizabeth，’
　　Cousin—germanofRegentAnne，——daughter，thatistosay，lastchildtherenowwas，ofPetertheGreatandhislittlebrownCatherine:
　　——whoshouldhavebeenbetterseento。HarmlessfoolishPrincess，notwithoutcunning；young，plump，andfollowingmerelyherflirtationsandherorthodoxdevotions；veryorthodoxandsoft，butcapableofbecomingdangerous，asacentreofthedisaffected。
　　As’CzarinaElizabeth’beforelong，andultimatelyas’INFAMECATIN
　　DUNORD，she——"Butletusnotanticipate！
　　Itwasinthispostureofaffairs，aboutamonthafterithadbegun，thatWinterfeldarrivedinPetersburg；andaddressedhimselftoMunnich，onthePrussianerrand。WinterfeldwasMunnich’sSon—
　　in—law（properlystepson—in—law，havingmarriedMunnich’sstepdaughter，aFrauleinvonMalzahn，ofgoodPrussiankin）；
　　wasacquaintedwiththelatitudesandlongitudeshere，andwellequippedfortheoperationinhand。ToMadamMunnich，onceMadamMalzahn，hisMother—in—law，hecarriedadiamondringof1，200
　　pounds，"smalltestimonyofhisPrussianMajesty’sregardtosohighaPrussianLady；"toMunnich’sSonandMadam’sapresentof3，000poundsonthelikescore:andthewheelsbeingoiledinthisway，andthesteamsostrong（sonWinterfeldanardentman，fatherMunnichthelike，supremeinRussia，andthethingitselfasalutarything），thediplomaticspeedobtainedwasgreat。
　　WinterfeldhadarrivedinPetersburgDecember19th:TreatyofAlliancetotheeffect，"Firmfriendsandgoodneighbors，weTwo，MajestiesofPrussiaandofAlltheRussias；willhelpeachtheother，ifattacked，with12，000men，"——wassignedonthe27th:
　　wholeTransaction，soimportanttoFriedrich，completeineightdays。AustrianBotta，directlyontheheelofthoseunsatisfactoryDialoguesaboutSilesianroads，abouttroopsthatwerepretty，buthadneverlookedthewolfintheface，——hadrushedoff，fullspeed，forPetersburg，inhopesofrunningathwartsuchaTreatyasWinterfeld’s，andgettingoneforAustriainstead。Buthearrivedtoolate；andperhapscouldhavedonenothinghadhebeenintime。
　　Bottatriedhisutmostforyearsafterwards，abovegroundandbelow，toobstructandreversethisthing；butitwastonopurpose，andeventoless；andonly，inresult，broughtBottahimselfintoflagrantdiplomatictroubleandscandal；whichmadenoiseenoughinthethenGazetteerworld，andwasthefinaleofBotta’sRussianefforts，[Adelung，iii。ii。289；Mannstein，p。375
　　（"LapuschinPlot，"ofBotta’sraising，foundout"August，1743；"——
　　Bottaputinarrest，&c。）。]thoughnotworthmentioningnow。
　　TheRussianNotebookcontinues:——
　　"Munnich，supremeinRussiasinceBieren’sremoval，hadwisecounselsfortheRegentAnneandherHusband；thoughperhaps，beingahigholdmilitarygentleman，hemightbesomewhatabruptinhisways。AndthereweredomesticOstermanns，foreignBottas，LaChetardies，anddangerousIntriguersandOppositionfigures，toimproveanygrudgethatmightarise。Sureenough，inMarch，1741，FeldmarschallMunnichwasforbidtheCourt（someOstermannsucceedinghimthere）:’EvertruetoyourTwoHighnesses，thoughnolongerneeded；’——andwithdrew，inaloftyfriendlystrain；hisSoncontinuingatCourt，thoughPapahadwithdrawn。SupremeMunnichhadlastedaboutfourmonths；SupremeBierenhardlythreeweeks；——andSiberiaisstillagape。
　　"MunnichbeinggonetohisownTown—Mansion，andRegentAnnesittinginhersinahuddleofundress；littleaccessibletoherlong—headedmelancholicOstermann，andtooaccessibletoherLivonianmaid:withpoorlittleAntonUlrichpoutingandremonstrating，butunabletohelp，——thisstateofmatters，withsuchintriguesunderminingit，couldnotlastforever。AndhadnotPrincessElizabethbeenofindolentluxuriousnature，intentuponherprayersandflirtations，itwouldhaveendedsoonereventhanitdid。PrincessElizabethhadaSurgeoncalledL’Estoc；aMarquisdelaChetardie，ahigh—flownFrenchExcellency（whousedtobeatBerlin，toouryoungFriedrich’sdelight），washer——WhatshallI
　　say？LaChetardiehimselfhadnoscrupletosayit！Thesetwoplottedforher；thesewereready，——couldshehavebeengotready；
　　whichwasnotsoeasy。RegentAnnehadhersuspicions；butthePrincesswassoindolent，sogood:atlast，whendirectlytaxedwithsuchathing，thePrincessburstintoingenuousweeping；quitedisarmedRegentAnne’ssuspicions；——butfoundshehadnowbettertakeL’Estoc’sadvice，andproceedatonce。Whichshedid。
　　"Andso，onthemorrowmorning，5thDecember，1741，byaidofthePreobrazinskyRegiment，andthemotionsusualonsuchoccasions，——
　　infactbymerelypullingoutthepropsfromanunderminedstateofmatters，——shereducedsaidstategentlytoruin，readyforcartingtoSiberia，likeitsforegoers；andwasherebyCzarinaofAlltheRussias，prosperouslyenoughfortherestofherlife。Twentyyearsorrathermore。Anindolent，orthodox，plumpcreature，disinclinedtocruelty；’notanounceofnun’sfleshinhercomposition，’saidthewits。ShemaintainedtheFriedrichTreaty，indignantatBottaandhisplots；waswellwithFriedrich，ormighthavebeenkeptsobymanagement，fortherewasnocauseofquarrel，butthereverse，betweentheCountries，——couldFriedrichhaveheldhiswittytongue，wheneavesdropperswereby。Buthecouldnotalways；thoughhetried。Andsarcasticquizzing（especiallyifitbetruthtoo），oncertainfemaletopics，whatImproperFemale，CzarinaofAlltheRussias，couldstandit？Thehistoryisbutadistressingone，adisgustingone，inhumanaffairs。Elizabethwasorthodox，too，andFriedricbnot，’thehorridman！’Thefactis，——factdismallyindubitable，thoughitishuddledintodiscreetdimness，andalldetailsofit（astowhatFriedrich’switticismswere，andthelike）arerefusedusinthePrussianBooks，——indignation，owingtosuchdismalcause，becamefixedhateontheCzarina’spart，andtherefollowedterribleresultsatlast:ACzarinarisentothecannibalpitchuponaman，inhisextremeneed；——’INFAMECATINDU
　　NORD，’thinkstheman！Friedrich’switcosthimdear；him，andhalfamillionothersstilldearer，twentyyearshence。"——TillwhichtimewewillgladlyleavetheCzarinaandit。
　　MajorvonWinterfeldhadbeeninRussiabeforethis；andhadwooedhisfairMalzahnthere。HeisthesameWinterfeldwhomweoncesawdiningbythewaysidewiththelateFriedrichWilhelm，onthatlastReview—JourneyhisMajestymade。ACaptaininthePotsdamGiantsatthattime；alwaysingreatfavorwiththelateKing；andinstillgreaterwiththepresent，——whofindsinhim，wecandimlydiscover，andprettymuchinhimalone，asoulsomewhatlikehisown；theonereal"peer"hehadabouthim。Amanoflittleeducation；bredincamps；yetofaproudnaturaleminency，andruggednoblenessofgeniusandmind。Letreadersmarkthisfieryhero—spirit，lyingburiedinthosedullBooks，likelightningamongclay。HereisanotheranecdoteofhisRussianbusiness:——
　　"Winterfeldhadgone，inFriedrichWilhelm’stime，withapartyofPrussiandrill—sergeantsforPetersburg[yearnotgiven]；anddulydeliveredthemthere。HenaturallysawmuchofFeldmarschallMunnich，naturallysawtheStep—daughteroftheFeldmarschall，ashiningbeautyinPetersburg；Winterfeldhimselfamanofshininggifts，andcharacter；andoneofthehandsomesttallmenintheworld。MutuallovebetweentheFrauleinandhimwastherapidresult。Buthowtoobtainmarriage？Winterfeldcannotmarry，withoutleavehadofhissuperiors:you，fairMalzahn，areHof—DameofPrincessElizabeth，allyourfortunethejewelsyouwear；anditistoopossibleshewillnotletyougo！
　　"Theyagreedtobepatient，tobesilent；towatchwarilytillWinterfeldgothometoPrussia，tilltheFrauleinMalzahncouldalsocontrivetogethome。Winterfeldoncehome，andtheKing’sconsenthad，theFrauleinappliedtoPrincessElizabethforleaveofabsence:’Afewmonths，toseemyfriendsinDeutschland，yourHighness！’PrincessElizabethlookedhardather；answeredevasivelythisandthat。Atlast，beingoftenimportuned，sheansweredplainly，’Ialmostfeelconvincedthouwiltnevercomeback！’ProtestationsfromtheFrauleinwerenotwanting:——
　　’Wellthen，’saidElizabeth，’ifthouartsosureofit，leavemethyjewelsinpledge。Whynot？’ThepoorFrauleincouldnotsaywhy；hadtoleaveherjewels，whichwereherwholefinefortune，’worth100，000rubles’（20，000pounds）；andisnowthebraveWifeofWinterfeld；——butcouldnever，bydirectentreatyorcircuitousinterestandnegotiation，getbacktheleastitemofherjewels。
　　Elizabeth，asPrincessandasCzarina，wasalikedeafonthatsubject。NoworhenceforththatprovedanimpossibleprivateenterpriseforWinterfeld，thoughhehadsoeasilysucceededinthepublicone。"[Retzow，CharakteristikdessiebenjahrigenKrieges（Berlin，1802），i。45n。]
　　ThenewCzarinawasnotunmerciful。MunnichandCompanyweretriedforlife；werecondemnedtodie，anddidappearonthescaffold（29thJanuary，1742），readyforthatextremepenalty；butwerethere，onthesudden，pardonedorhalf—pardonedbyamercifulnewCzarina，andsenttoSiberiaandouterdarkness。WhitherBierenhadprecededthem。Toouterdarknessalso，thoughamilderdestinyhadbeenintendedthematfirst，wentAntonUlrichandhisHousehold。
　　TowardsnativeGermanyatfirst；theyhadgotasfarasRigaonthewaytoGermany，butweredetainedthere，foralongwhile（owingtosuspicions，toBottaPlots，orIknownotwhat），tillfinallytheywererecalledintoRussianexile。Strictenoughexile，seclusionaboutArchangelandelsewhere；inconvents，inobscureuncomfortableplaces:——littleIwan，aftervicissitudes，evenwentunderground；grewtomanhood，andgotkilled（partlybyaccident，notquitebymurder），sometwenty—threeyearshence，inhisdungeonintheFortressofSchlusselburg，belowtheleveloftheLadogawatersthere。UnluckierHousehold，whichonceseemedtheluckiestoftheworld，wasneverknown。Cantedsuddenly，inthisway，fromtheverytopofFortune’swheeltotheverybottom；nevertorisemore；——anddidnotevendie，atleastnotalldie，forthirtyorfortyyearsafter。[AntonUlrich，nottill15thMay，1775（twoDaughtersofhiswent，afterthis，to"Horstens，apoorCountry—
　　HouseinJutland，"whitherCatherineII。hadmanumittedthem，withpension；——shehadwishedAntonUlrichtogohome，manyyearsbefore；buthewouldnot，fromshame）。——Iwanhadperished5thAugust，1764（CatherineII。blamedforhisdeath，butwithoutcause）；Iwan’sMother，PrincessAnne，（mercifully）18thMarch，1746。SeeRussianHistories，TOOKE，CASTERA，&c。，——noneofwhich，exceptMANNSTEIN，isgoodformuch，ortobetrustedwithoutscrutiny。]
　　ThisistheChetardie—L’Estocconspiracy，of5thDecember，1741；
　　thepitchingupofPrincessElizabeth，andthepitchingdownofAntonUlrichandhisMunnichs，whohadbeforepitchedBierendown。
　　Afterwhich，mattersremainedmorestationaryatPetersburg:
　　CzarinaElizabeth，fatindolentsoul，floatedwithacertainnativebuoyancy，withsomethingofbulkysteadiness，intheturbidplungeofthings，anddidnotsink。Onthecontrary，herreign，socalled，wasprosperous，thoughstupid；herbigdarkCountries，kindledalreadyintogrowth，wentongrowingrather。And，forcertain，sheherselfwentongrowing，inorthodoxdevotionsofspiritualtype（andinstrangelyheterodoxdittoofNONspiritual！）；inindolentmansuetudes（fellrages，ifyoucutontheRAWSatall！）；
　　inperpetualincongruity；and，alas，atlast，inbrandy—and—water，——till，as"INFAMECATINDUNORD，"shebecameterriblyimportanttosomepersons！
　　Atheraccession，andfortwoyearsfollowing，CzarinaElizabeth，inspiteofrealdisinclinationthatway，hadaWaronherhands:
　　theSwedishWar（August，1741—August，1743），which，afterlongthreateningontheSwedishside，hadbrokenoutintounwelcomeactuality，inAntonUlrich’stime；andwhichcouldnot，withalltheCzarina’sindustry，begotridoforstavedoff；Swedenbeingbentuponthething，reasonornoreason。Warnottobespokenof，exceptoncompulsion，inthemostvoluminousHistory！Itwastheunwisestofwars，weshouldsay，andinpracticeprobablythecontemptiblest；iftherewerenotoneotherSwedishWarcoming，whichvieswithitintheseparticulars，ofwhichweshallbeobligedtospeak，moreorless，atafuturestage。OfthispresentRussian—Swedishwar，havinghappilyalmostnothingtodowithit，wecan，exceptinthewayoftransientchronology，refrainaltogetherfromspeakingorthinking。
　　PoorSweden，sinceitshotKarlXII。inthetrenchesatFredericshall，couldnotgetaKingagain；andisveryanarchicunderitsPhantasmKingandfreeNationalPalaver，——SenatewithsubalternHouses；——whichgenerallyhasFrenchgoldinitspocket，andnoiseinsteadofwisdominitshead。Scandaloustothinkoforbehold。TheFrench，desiroustokeepRussiainplayduringthesehighBelleisleadventuresnowonfoot，had，aftermuchegging，bribing，flattering，persuadedvainSwedenintothisWarwithRussia。"AtNarvatheywere80，000，we8，000；andwhatbecameofthem！"crytheSwedesalways。Yes，myfriends，butyouhadaCaptainatNarva；youhadnotyetshotyourCaptainwhenyoudidNarva！"FactionofHats，""FactionofCaps"（thatis，NIGHT—caps，asbeingsomnolentanddisinclinedtoFranceandWar）:seldomdidaonce—valiantfar—shiningNationsinktosuchdepths，sincetheyshottheirCaptain，andsaidtoAnarchy，"THOUartCaptaincy，wesee，andtheDivinething！"OftheWarsandbusinessesofsuchasetofmortalsletusshunspeaking，wherepossible。
　　Mannsteingivesimpartialaccount，pleasantlyclearandcompact，tosuchasmaybecuriousaboutthisSwedish—RussianWar；and，inthedidacticpointofview，itisnotwithoutvalue。Toustheinterestingcircumstanceis，thatitdoesnotinterferewithourSilesianoperationsatall；andmaybefiguredasamereaccompanimentofrumblingdiscord，orvacantfar—offnoise，goingoninthoseNorthernparts，——towhichthereforewehopetobestrangersintimecoming。Herearesomedates，whichthereadermaytakewithhim，shouldtheychancetoillustrateanything:——
　　"AUGUST4th，1741。TheSwedesdeclareWar:’WillrecovertheirlostportionsofFinland，will，’&c。&c。Theyhadlongbeenmeditatingit；theyhadTurknegotiationsgoingon，diligentemissariestotheTurk（acertainMajorSinclairforone，whomtheRussianswaylaidandassassinatedtogetsightofhisPapers）duringthelateTurk—
　　RussianWar；butcouldconcludenothingwhilethatwasinactivity；
　　concludedonlyafterthatwasdone，——strikingtheironwhengrownCOLD。AchiefpointintheirManifestowastheassassinationofthisSinclair；scandalandatrocity，ofwhichthereisnodoubtnowtheRussianswereguilty。VariouspretextsfortheWar:——primemoverstoit，practically，weretheFrench，intentonkeepingRussiaemployedwhiletheirBelleisleGermanadventurewenton，andwhohadevenbargainedwiththirdpartiestogetupaWarthere，asweshallsee。
　　"SEPTEMBER3d，1741。AtWilmanstrand，——keyofWyborg，theirfrontierstrongholdinFinland，whichwasunderSiege，——theSwedes（about5，000ofthem，fortheyhadnothingtoliveupon，andlayscatteredaboutinfractions）madefight，orskirmish，againstaRussianattackingparty:Swedes，rathervictoriousontheirhill—
　　top，rusheddown；andtotallylosttheirbitofvictory，theirWilmanstrand，theirWyborg，andeventheWaritself；——forthiswas，inliteraltruth，theonlyfightingdonebythemintheentirecourseofit，whichlastedneartwoyearsmore。Therestofitwasretreat，capitulation，lossonlosswithoutstrokestruck；tilltheyhadlostallFinland，andwereliketoloseSwedenitself，——
　　Dalecarlianmutinyburstingout（’Yetraitors，misgovernors，worthyofdeath！’），withinvasiveDanestorearofit；——andhadtocallintheveryRussianstosavethemfromworse。CzarinaElizabethatthetimeofheraccession，sixmonthsafterWilmanstrand，hadmadetruce，waseagertomakepeace:’Bynomeans！’answeredSweden，takingarmsagain，orrathertakinglegsagain；andrushingruin—ward，attheoldrate，stillwithoutstroke。
　　"JUNE28th，1743。Theydidhalt；madePeaceofAbo（TruceandPreliminariessignedthere，thatday:Peaceitself，August17th）；
　　CzarinamagnanimouslyrestoringmostoftheirFinland（thinkingtoherself，’Notdoneenoughformeyet；cookitalittleyet！’）；——
　　andsettlingwhotheirnextKingwastobe，amongotherfriendlythings。AndinNovemberfollowing，Keith，inhisRussiangalleys，withsome10，000Russiansonboard，arrivedinStockholm；
　　protectiveagainstDanesandmutinousDalecarles:stayedtheretillJuneofnextyear，1744。"[Adelung，ii。445。Mannstein，pp。297
　　（WilmanstrandAffair，himselfpresent），365（Peace），373（Keith’sRETURNwithhisgalleys）。ComtedeHordt（presentalso，ontheSwedishside，andsubsequentlyaSoldierofFriedrich’s）
　　Memoires）（Berlin，1789），i。18—88。ThemurderofSinclair（doneby"fourRussiansubalterns，twomilesfromNaumberginSilesia，17thJune，1739，about7P。M。"）isamplydetailedfromDocuments，inalateBook:Weber，AusVierJahrhunderten（Leipzig，1858），i。274—279。]IsnotthisaWar！
　　OntheRussianside，GeneralKeith，underField—marshalLacyaschiefincommand（thesameKeithwhomwesawatOczakowunderMunnich，sometimeago），hadagreatdealoftheworkandmanagement；whichwasofahighlymiscellaneouskind，commandingfleetsofgunboats，andmuchelse；andreadersofMANNSTEINcanstilljudge，——muchmorecouldKingFriedrich，earnestlywatchingtheaffairitselfasitwenton，——whetherKeithdidnotdoitinasolidandquietlyeminentandvaliantmanner。Sagacious，skilful，imperturbable，withoutfearandwithoutnoise；amanquietlyeverready。Hehadquelled，once，walkingdirectintotheheartofit，aferociousRussianmutiny，oruproarfrombelow，whichwouldhaveruinedeverythinginfewminutesmore。[Mannstein，p。130（nodate，April—May，1742。）Hesuffered，withexcellentsilence，nowandafterwards，muchill—usagefromabovewithal；——tillFriedrichhimself，inthethirdyearhence，wasluckyenoughtogethimasGeneral。Friedrich’sSisterUlrique，themarriageofPrincessUlrique，——thatalso，asitchanced，hadsomethingtodowiththisPeaceofAbo。Butweanticipatetoofar。
　　ChapterIX。
　　FRIEDRICHRETURNSTOSILESIA。
　　Friedrichstayedonlythreeweeksathome；movingabout，fromBerlintoPotsdam，toReinsbergandback:allthegayworldisinBerlin，atthisCarnivaltime；butFriedrichhasmoretodowithbusiness，ofamanifoldandover—earnestnature，thanwithCarnivalgayeties。FrenchValoriishere，"myfatValori，"whoisbeginningtoberatherafavoriteofFriedrich’s:withExcellencyValori，andwiththeotherForeignExcellencies，therewasdiplomaticpassagingintheseweeks；andwegatherfromValori，intheinverseway（Valorifallensulky），thatitwasnotilldoneonFriedrich’spart。HehadsomeprivateconsultationwiththeOldDessauer，too；
　　"probablyonmilitarypoints，"thinksValori。Atleasttherewasnoticedmoreofthedrill—sergeantthanbefore，inhishandlingoftheArmy，whenhereturnedtoSilesia，continuesthesulkyone。
　　"Troopsandgeneralsdidnotknowhimagain，"——soexcessivelystrictwashegrown，onthesudden。Andtruly"hegotintodetailswhichwerebeneath，notonlyaPrincewhohasgreatviews，butevenasimpleCaptainofInfantry，"——accordingtomy（Valori’s）militarynotionsandexperiences！[Valori，i。99。]——
　　Thetruthis，Friedrichbeginstosee，moreclearlythanhedidwithGLOIREdazzlinghim，thathispositionisanexceedinglygraveone，fullofrisk，inthethenmoodandconditionoftheworld；
　　thathe，inthewholeworld，hasnosurefriendbuthisArmy；
　　andthatinregardtoIThecannotbetoovigilant！TheworldisominoustothisyoungestoftheKingsmorethantoanother。
　　SoundsasofgeneralPoliticalEarthquakegrumbleaudiblytohimfromthedeeps:allEuropelikely，inanyevent，togettologgerheadsonthisAustrianPragmaticmatter；theNationsallwatchingHIM，toseewhathewillmakeofit:——fuglemanhetotheEuropeanNations，justaboutburstinguponsuchanadventure。
　　Itmaybeagloriousposition，oranotglorious；but，forcertain，itisadangerousone，andawfullysolitary！——
　　FuglementheworldanditsNationsalwayshave，whensimultaneouslybentany—whither，wiselyorunwisely；anditisnaturalthatthemostadventurousspirittakethatpost。Friedrichhasnotsoughtthepost；butfollowinghisownobjects，hasgotit；andwillbeignominiouslylost，andtrampledtoannihilationunderthehoofsoftheworld，ifhedonotmind！Tokeepwellahead；——toberapidaspossible；thatweregood:——tostepasidewerestillbetter！
　　AndFriedrichwefindisveryanxiousforthat；"wouldbecontentwiththeDuchyofGlogau，andjoinAustria；"butthereisnottheleastchancethatway。HisSpecialEnvoytoVienna，Gotter，andalongwithhimBorcktheregularMinister，arecomehome；
　　allnegotiationhopelessatVienna；andnothingbutindignantwar—
　　preparationgoingonthere，withthemostanimateddiligence，andmoresuccessthanhadseemedpossible。ThatisthelawofFriedrich’sSilesianAdventure:"Forward，therefore，ontheseterms；otherstherearenot:wastenowords！"Friedrichrecognizestohimselfwhatthelawis；pushesstifflyforward，withafinesilenceonallthatisnotpractical，reallywithafinesteadinessofhope，andaudacityagainstdiscouragements。Ofhisanxieties，whichcouldnotwellbewanting，butwhichitisroyaltokeepstrictlyunderlockandkey，ofthesethereisnohinttoJordanortoanybody；andonlythroughaccidentalchinks，onclosescrutiny，canwediscoverthattheyexist。Symptomofdespondency，ofmisgivingorrepentingabouthisEnterprise，thereisnoneanywhere，Friedrich’sfinegiftsofSILENCE（whichgodeeperthanthelips）arenoticeablehere，asalways；andhighlytheyavailedFriedrichinleadinghislife，thoughnowinconvenienttoBiographerswritingofthesame！——
　　Itwasnotonmattersofdrill，asValorisupposes，thatFriedrichhadbeenconsultingwiththeOldDessauer:thistimeitwasonanothermatter。FriedrichhastwonextNeighborsgreatlyinterested，nonemoreso，inthePragmaticQuestion:Kur—Sachsen，PolishKing，afoolishgreedycreature，whoisextremelyuncertainabouthiscourseinit（andindeedalwayscontinuedso，nowagainstFriedrich，nowforhim，andagainagainst）；andKur—Hanover，ourlittleGeorgeofEngland，whosecourseiscertainasthatoftheverystars，anddirectagainstFriedrichatthistime，asindeed，atalltimesnotexceptional，itisapttobe。BoththesePotentatesmustbeattendedto，inone’sabsence；methodtobegentlebuteffectual；theOldDessauertodoit:——andthisiswhattheseconsultingshadturnedupon；andinamonthortwo，readers，andanastonishedGazetteerworld，willseewhatcomesofthem。
　　ItwasFebruary19thwhenFriedrichleftBerlin；the21sthespendsatGlogau，inspectingtheBlockadethere，andnotillcontentwiththemeasurestaken:"PressthatWallisallyoucan，"enjoinshe:
　　"Hungerseemstobeslowaboutit！Summonhimagain，wereyournewArtillerycomeup；threatenwithbombardment；butsparetheTown，ifpossible。Artilleryiscoming:letushavedonehere，andsoon！"
　　Nextdayhearrives，notatBreslauassomehadexpected，butatSchweidnitzsidewards；astronglittleTown，atleastanelaboratelyfortified，ofwhichweshallhearmuchintimecoming。
　　Itliesaday’sridewestofBreslau:andwillbequieterforbusinessthanabiggazingCapitalwouldbe，——wereBreslauevenone’sowncity；whichitisnot，thoughperhapstendingtobe。
　　Breslauisintransitioncircumstancesatpresent；alittleuncertainWHOSEitis，underitsMunchowsandnewmanagers:Breslauhedidnotvisitatallonthisoccasion。ToSchweidnitzcertainnewregimentshadbeenordered，theretobedisposedofinreinforcing:there，"intheCountHoberg’sMansion，"heprincipallylodgesforsixweekstocome；shootingoutoncontinualexcursions；
　　butalwaysreturningtoSchweidnitz，asthecentre，again。
　　Algarotti，homefromTurin（notmuchofasuccessthere，butalwaysmelodiousfortalk），hadtravelledwithhim；Algarotti，andnotlongafter，JordanandMaupertuis，bearhimcompany，thatthevacantmomentstoobebeautiful。Wecanfancyhehasaverybusy，veryanxious，butnotanunpleasanttime。Hegoesrapidlyabout，visitinghisposts，——chieflyabouttheNeisseValley；Neissebeingtheprimeobject，weretheweatheroncecomeforsiege—work。HeisinmanyTowns（specifiedinRODENBECKandtheBooks，butwhichmaybeanonymoushere）；doubtlessonmanySteeplesandHill—tops；
　　questioningintelligentnatives，diligentlyusinghisowneyes:
　　intenttomakepersonalacquaintancewiththisnewCountry，——where，littleasheyetdreamsofit，thedeadlystrugglesofhisLifeliewaitinghim，andwhichhewillknowtogreatperfectionbeforeallisdone！