andlooks，overReinsberg，anditssteeplerisingamidfriendlyumbragewhichhidesthehouse—tops，towardstherisingsun。
Townwardthereisroomforaspaciousesplanade；andthenforthestables，outbuildings，wellmasked；whichstillfarthershutofftheTown。Tothisday，ReinsbergstandswiththeairofasolidrespectableEdifice；stillmassive，rain—tight，thoughlongsincedesertedbythePrinceships，——byFriedrichnearlysixscoreyearsago，andnearlythreescorebyPrinceHenri，BrotherofFriedrich’s，whoafterwardshadit。LastaccountsIgotwere，oftalktherehadrisenofplantinganextensiveNORMAL—SCHOOLthere；
whichpromisingplanhadbeenlaidasideagainforthetime。
TheoldSchloss，residenceoftheBredowsandotherfeudalpeopleforalongwhile，hadgoodsolidmasonryinit，andarounditorchards，potherbgardens；whichFriedrichWilhelm’sArchitectstookgoodcaretoextendandimprove，nottothrowaway:
theresultoftheirartiswhatwesee，abeautifulCountry—House，whatmightbecalledaCountry—Palacewithallitsadjuncts；——andatarateofexpensewhichwouldfillEnglishreaders，ofthistime，withamazement。MuchisadmirabletousaswestudyReinsberg，whatithadbeen，whatitbecame，andhowitwasmade；
butnothingmoresothanthesmallmodicumofmoneyltcost。
Toourwonderingthought，itseemsasiftheshilling，inthoseparts，wereequaltotheguineainthese；andthereason，ifweaskit，isbynomeansflatteringaltogether。"Changeinthevalueofmoney？"Alas，reader，no；thatisnotabovethefourthpartofthephenomenon。Three—fourthsofthephenomenonarechangeinthemethodsofadministeringmoney，——differencebetweenmanagingitwithwisdomandveracityonbothsides，andmanagingitwithunwisdomandmendacityonbothsides。Whichisverygreatindeed；
andinfinitelysadderthananyone，inthesetimes，willbelieve！
——Butwecannotdwellonthisconsideration。Letthereadertakeitwithhim，asaconstantaccompanimentinwhateverworkofFriedrichWilhelm’sorofFriedrichhisSon’s，henoworatanyothertimemaybecontemplating。Impiouswaste，whichmeansdisorderanddishonesty，andlossofmuchotherthanmoneytoall，parties，——disgustingaspectofhumancreatures，masterandservant，workingtogetherasiftheywerenothuman，——willbesparedhiminthoseforeigndepartments；andinanEnglishheartthoughtswillarise，perhaps，ofawholesometendency，thoughverysad，astimesare。
ItwouldbutwearythereadertodescribethisCrown—PrinceMansion；which，bydesperatestudyofourabstrusematerials，itispossibletodowithauctioneerminuteness。ThereareengravedVIEWSofReinsberganditsEnvirons；whichusedtolieconspicuousintheportfoliosofcollectors，———whichIhavenotseen。
[SeeHennert，justcited，forthetitlesofthem。]OftheHouseitself，engravedFrontages（FACADES），Ground—plans，aremoreaccessible；andalongwiththem，descriptionswhicharelittledescriptive，——wearisomelydetailed，andasitweredarkbyexcessoflight（auctioneerlight）thrownonthem。Thereadersees，ingeneral，afinesymmetricalBlockofBuildings，standinginrectangularshape，intheabovelocality；——abouttwohundredEnglishfeet，each，thetwolongersidesmeasure，theTownwardandtheLakeward，ontheirouterfront:aboutahundredandthirty，each，thetwoshorter；orahundredandfifty，takingintheirTowersjustspokenof。ThefourthorLakewardside，however，whichisoneofthelongerpair，consistsmainlyof"Colonnade；"
spaciousColonnade"withvasesandstatues；"catchinguptheoutskirtsofsaidTowers，andhandsomelyunitingeverything。
Beyonddoubt，adignified，substantialpileofstone—work；allofgoodproportions。Architectureeverywhereofcheerfullyserious，solidlygracefulcharacter；allofsterlingashlar；thedueRISALITES（projectingspaces）withtheiratticsandstatuesatop，theduearchitraves，cornicesandcorbels，——inshortthedueopulenceofornamentbeingintroduced，andonlythedue。Genuinesculptors，genuinepainters，artistshavebeenbusy；andinfactallthesuitablefinearts，andallthenecessarysolidones，haveworkedtogether，withanoticeablefidelity，comfortabletotheverybeholdertothisday。Generalheightisaboutfortyfeet；
twostoriesofampleproportions:theTowersoverlookingthemaresixtyfeetinheight。Extentofouterfrontage，ifyougoallround，andomittheColonnade，willbefivehundredfeetandmore:
this，withtherearwardface，isathousandfeetofroomfrontage:——fancytheextentoflodgingspace。For"allthekitchensandappurtenancesareunderground；"the"leftfront"
（whichisanewpartoftheEdifice）risingcomfortablyoverthese。WindowsIdidnotcount；buttheymustgohighupintotheHundreds。Noendtolodgingspace。Wayinadetachedside—edificesubsequentlybuilt，calledCavalierHouse，Ireadoftherebeing，foroneitem，"fiftylodgingrooms，"andforanother"atheatre。"
AndifanEnglishDukeofTrumpsweretolookatthebillsforallthat，hisastonishmentwouldbeextreme，andperhapsinadegreepainfulandsalutarytohim。
InoneoftheseTowerstheCrown—PrincehashisLibrary:
abeautifulapartment；nothingwantingtoitthattheartscouldfurnish，"ceilingdonebyPesne"withallegoricalgeniusesandwhatnot，——looksoutonmeresky，mereearthandwaterinanornamentalstate:silentasinElysium。ItistherewearetofancytheCorrespondencewritten，thePoetriesandliteraryindustriesgoingon。There，orsteppingdownforaturnintheopenair，orsaunteringmeditativelyundertheColonnadewithitsstatuesandvases（whereweatherisnoobject），onecommandstheLake，withitslittletuftedIslands，"RemusIsland"muchfamedamongthem，and"highbeech—woods"onthefartherside。TheLakeisverypretty，allsay；lyingbetweenyouandthesunset；——withperhapssomeotherlakelet，orsolitarypoolinthewilderness，manymilesaway，"revealingitselfasacupofmoltengold，"atthatinterestingmoment。WhattheBook—Collectionwas，intheinterior，Iknownotexceptbymereguess。
TheCrown—Princess’sApartment，too，whichremainedunalteredatthelastaccountshadofit，[FromHennert，namely，in1778。]isveryfine；——taketheanteroomforspecimen:"Thisfineroom，"sometwentyfeetheightofceiling，"hassixwindows；threeofthem，inthemainfront，lookingtowardstheTown，theotherthree，towardstheInteriorCourt。Thelightfromthesewindowsisheightenedbymirrorscoveringallthepiers（SCHAFTE，interspacesofthewalls），toanuncommonlysplendidpitch；andshowsthepaintingoftheceiling，whichagainisbythefamousPesne，tomuchperfection。TheArtisthimself，too，hasmanagedtolayonhiscolorstheresosoftly，andwithsuchdelicateskill，thatthelight—beamsseemtoprolongthemselvesinthepaintedcloudsandair，asifitweretherealskyyouhadoverhead。"Thereinthatcloud—region"MarsisbeingdisarmedbytheLove—goddesses，andtheyaresportingwithhisweapons。HestretchesouthisarmtowardstheGoddess，wholooksuponhimwithfondglances。
Cupidsarespreadingoutadraping。"ThatisPesne’sluxuriousperformanceintheceiling。——"Weapon—festoons，inbasso—relievo，gilt，adornthewallsofthisroom；andtwoPictures，alsobyPesne，whichrepresent，inlifesize，thelateKingandQueen[ourgoodfriendsFriedrichWilhelmandhisSophie]，areworthyofattention。Overeachofthedoors，youfindinlow—relieftheProfilesofHannibal，Pompey，Scipio，Caesar，introducedasMedallions。"
Allthisisveryfine；butallthisislittletoanotherceiling，insomebigSaloonelsewhere，Music—saloon，Ithink:BlackNight，makingoff，withallhersicklydews，atoneendoftheceiling；
andattheotherend，theSteedsofPhoebusburstingforth，andtheglitteringshaftsofDay，——withCupids，Love—goddesses，War—
gods，notomittingBacchusandhisvines，allgettingbeautifullyawakeinconsequence。Averyfineroomindeed；——usedasaMusic—
saloon，orIknownotwhat，——andtheceilingofitalmostanideal，saytheconnoisseurs。
Endlessgardens，pavilions，grottos，hermitages，orangeries，artificialruins，parksandpleasancessurroundthisfavoredspotanditsSchloss；nothingwantinginitthataPrince’sestablishmentneeds，——exceptindeeditbehounds，forwhichthisPrinceneverhadtheleastdemand。
ExcepttheoldRuppinduties，whichimplycontinualjourneyingsthither，distanceonlyamorning’sride；exceptthese，andoccasionalcommissionsfromPapa，FriedrichisleftmasterofhistimeandpursuitsinthisnewMansion。TherearevisitstoPotsdam，periodicalappearancesatBerlin；someCorrespondencetokeeptheTobacco—Parliamentintune。ButFriedrich’stasteisfortheLiteratures，Philosophies:a——youngPrincebentseriouslytocultivatehismind；toattainsomeclearknowledgeofthisworld，soall—importanttohim。Andhedoesseriouslyread，studyandreflectagooddeal；hismainrecreations，seemingly，areMusic，andtheconverseofwell—informed，friendlymen。InMusicwefindhimparticularlyrich。Daily，atafixedhouroftheafternoon，thereisconcertheld；thereaderhasseeninwhatkindofroom:
andiftheArtistsentertainedhereforthatfunctionwereenumerated（highnames，notyetforgottenintheMusicalworld），itwouldstillmoreastonishreaders。Icountthemtothenumberoftwentyornineteen；andmentiononlythat"thetwoBrothersGraun"and"thetwoBrothersBenda"wereofthelot；suppressingfourotherFiddlersofeminence，and"aPianistwhoisknowntoeverybody。"[Hennert，p。21。]ThePrincehasafinesensibilitytoMusic:doeshimself，withthrillingadagiosontheflute，joinintheseharmoniousacts；and，nodoubt，ifrightlyvigilantagainsttheNonsenses，getsprofit，nowandhenceforth，fromthispartofhisresources。
Hehasvisits，callstomake，ondistinguishedpersonswithinreach；hehasmuchCorrespondence，ofaLiteraryorSocialnature。
Forinstance，thereisSuhmtheSaxonEnvoytranslating
Wolf’sPhilosophyintoFrenchforhim；sendingitinfascicles；withendlessLetterstoandfrom，uponit，——whichwerethenhighlyinteresting，butarenowdeadtoeveryreader。TheCrown—PrincehasgotaPost—OfficeestablishedatReinsberg；
leathernfunctionaryofsomesortcomeslumberinground，southward，"fromtheMecklenburgquartertwiceaweek，andgoesbyFehrbellin，"forthebenefitofhisCorrespondences。Ofhiscallsintheneighborhood，wemeantoshowthereaderonesample，beforelong；andonlyone。
ThereareListsgivenusofthePrince’s"Court"atReinsberg；
andonereads，andagainreads，thedreariestunmemorableaccountsofthem；butcannot，withallone’sindustry，attainanydefiniteunderstandingofwhattheywereemployedin，dayafterday，atReinsberg:——stillmorearetheirsalariesandmaintenanceamysterytous，inthatfrugalestablishment。ThereisWoldenforHofmarschall，ouroldCustrinfriend；thereisColonelSenning，oldMarlboroughColonelwiththewoodenleg，whotaughtFriedrichhisdrillingsandartillery—practicesinboyhood，afinesagaciousoldgentlemanthislatter。ThereisaM。Jordan，Ex—Preacher，aningeniousPrussian—Frenchman，stillyoung，whoactsas"ReaderandLibrarian；"ofwhomweshallhearagooddealmore。"Intendant"isCaptain（Ex—Captain）Knobelsdorf；averysensibleaccomplishedman，whomwesawonceatBaireuth；whohasbeentoItalysince，andisnowreturnedwithbeautifultalentsforArchitecture:itishethatnowundertakesthecompletingofReinsberg，[Hennert，p。29。]whichhewillskilfullyaccomplishinthecourseofthenextthreeyears。TwentyMusiciansonwindorstring；Painters，AntoinePesnebutoneofthem；Sculptors，Glumeandothersofeminence；andHof—Cavaliers，toweknownotwhatextent:——howwassuchaCourtkeptup，inharmoniousfreedignity，andnohaltinitsfinances，ormeanpinchofanykindvisible？ThePrincedidgetindebt；butnotdeep，anditwasmainlyforthetallrecruitshehadtopurchase。Hismoney—accountsarebynomeansfullyknowntome:butIshouldquestionifhisexpenditure（suchismyguess）
everreached3，000poundsayear；andamobligedtoreflectmoreandmore，astheancientCatodid，whatanadmirablerevenuefrugalityis！
ManyoftheCavaliers，Ifind，foronething，wereoftheRegimentGoltz；thatwasoneevidenteconomy。"RittmeistervanChasot，"astheBookscallhim:readerssawthatChasotflyingtoPrinceEugene，andknowhimsincetheSiegeofPhilipsburg。HeisnotyetRittmeister，orCaptainofHorse，ashebecame；butisoftheRuppinGarrison；Hof—Cavalier；"attendedFriedrichonhislatePrussianjourney；"andismuchafavorite，whenhecanbesparedfromRuppin。CaptainWylich，afterwardsaGeneralofmark；
theLieutenantBuddenbrockwhodidtheparson—charivariatRuppin，butisnowreformedfromthosepractices:alltheseareofGoltz。
ColonelKeyserling，notofGoltz，norinactivemilitarydutyhere，isafriendofveryoldstanding；wasofficiallynamedas"Companion"tothePrince，alongwhileback；andgotintotroubleonhisaccountinthedisastrousAnte—CustrinorFlightEpoch:oneofthePrince’sfirstacts，whenhegotpardonedafterCustrin，wastobegforthepardonofthisKeyserling；andnowhehashimhere，andisveryfondofhim。ACourlander，ofgoodfamily，thisKeyserling；ofgoodgiftstoo，——which，itwasoncethought，wouldbepracticallysublime；forhecarriedoffallmannerofcollegeprizes，andwastheAdmirable—CrichtonofKonigsbergUniversityandtheGraduatesthere。Butintheendtheyprovedtobegiftsofthevocalsortrather:andhaveledonlytowhatwesee。Aman，Ishouldguess，ratherofbuoyantvivacitythanofdepthorstrengthinintellectorotherwise。
Excessivelybuoyant，ingenious；fullofwit，kindlyexuberance；
aloyal—hearted，gay—temperedman，andmuchafavoriteinsocietyaswellaswiththePrince。IfweweretodwellonReinsberg，Keyserlingwouldcomeprominentlyforward。
MajorvanStille，ultimatelyMajor—GeneralvonStille，Ishouldalsomention:neartwentyyearsolderthanthePrince；awisethoughtfulsoldier（went，bypermission，totheSiegeofDantziglately，toimprovehimself）；amancapableofruggedservice，whenthetimecomes。Hismilitarywritingswereonceinconsiderableesteemwithprofessionalmen；andstillimpressalayreaderwithfavorablenotionstowardsStille，asamanofrealworthandsense。[CampagnesduRoidePrusse；——
aposthumousBook；ANTERIORtotheSeven—YearsWar。]
OFMONSIEURJORDANANDTHELITERARYSET。
Thereis，ofcourse，aChaplainintheEstablishment:aReverend"M。Deschamps；"whopreachestothemall，——inFrenchnodoubt。
FriedrichneverhearsDeschamps:FriedrichisalwaysoveratRuppinonSundays；andthere"himselfreadsasermontotheGarrison，"aspartoftheday’sduties。Readsfinely，inamelodiousfeelingmanner，saysFormey，whocanjudge:"eveninhisolddays，hewouldincidentally，"whensomeEmeritusParson，likeFormey，chancedtobewithhim，"rolloutchoicepassagesfromBossuet，fromMassillon，"inavoiceandwithalook，whichwouldhavebeenperfectioninthepulpit，thinksFormey。
[Souvenirsd’unCitoyen（2deedition，Paris，1797），i。37。]
M。Jordan，thoughhewascalled"LECTEUR（Reader），"didnotreadtohim，Icanperceive；buttookchargeoftheBooks；busiedhimselfhonestlytobeusefulinallmannerofliteraryorquasi—
literaryways。Hewas，ashisnameindicates，fromtheFrench—
refugeedepartment；arecentacquisition，muchvaluedatReinsberg。Ashemakesafigureafterwards，wehadbettermarkhimalittle。
Jordan’sparentswerewealthyreligiouspersons，intradeatBerlin；thisJordan（CharlesEtienne，agenowthirty—six）wastheireldestson。Itseemstheyhaddestinedhimfrombirth，consultingtheirownpiousfeelingsmerely，tobeaPreacheroftheGospel；theothersons，allofthemreckonedclevertoo，werebroughtuptosecularemployments。Andpreachhe，thispoorCharlesEtienne，accordinglydid；whatbestGospelhehad；inanhonestmanner，allsay，——thoughneverwithotherthanakindofreluctanceonthepartofNature，forcedoutofhercourse。Hehadwedded，beenclergymanintwosuccessivecountryplaces；whenhiswifedied，leavinghimonelittledaughter，andaheartmuchoversetbythatevent。Friends，wealthyBrothersprobably，hadpushedhimoutintothefreeair，inthesecircumstances:"TakeaTour；Holland，England；feelthewindsblowing，seethesunshining，asintimespast:itwilldoyougood！"
Jordan，inthecourseofhisTour，cametocomposureonseveralpoints。Hefoundthat，byfrugality，bywisemanagementofsomepeculiumalreadyhis，hislittleDaughterandhemighthavequietnessatBerlin，andthenecessaryfoodandraiment；——and，onthewhole，thathewouldaltogetherceasepreaching，andsettledownthere，amonghisBooks，inafrugalmanner。Whichhedid；——
andwaslivingso，whenthePrince，searchingforthatkindofperson，gottidingsofhim。AndhereheisatReinsberg；bustlingabout，inabrisk，modestlyfrankandcheerfulmanner:welllikedbyeverybody；byhisMasterverywellandeverbetter，whogrewintorealregard，esteemandevenfriendshipforhim，andhasmuchCorrespondence，ofafreerkindthaniscommontohim，withlittleJordan，solongastheylivedtogether。Jordan’sdeath，tenyearshence，wasprobablytheoneconsiderablepainhehadevergivenhisneighbors，inthistheultimatesectionofhislife。
Ifindhimdescribed，atReinsberg，asasmallnimblefigure，ofSouthern—Frenchaspect；black，uncommonlybrighteyes；andageneralaspectofadroitness，modesty，sense，sincerity；
goodprognostics，whichonacquaintancewiththemanwerepleasantlyfulfilled。
Forthesakeoftheseconsiderations，Ifishedout，fromtheOld—
BookCataloguesandseaofforgetfulness，someofthepoorBookshewrote；especiallyaVoyageLitteraire，
[Histoired’unVoyageLitterairefait，enMDCCXXXIII。，enFrance，enAngleterreetenHollande（2deedition，aLaHaye，1736）。]JournalofthatfirstSanitaryExcursionorTourhetook，togetthecloudsblownfromhismind。ALITERARYVOYAGE
whichawakensakindoftragicfeeling；beingitselfdead，andtreatingofmatterswhichareallgonedead。Somanyimmortalwriters，Dutchchiefly，whomJordanisenabledtoreportashavingeffloresced，orbeingsoontoeffloresce，insuchandsuchforms，ofBooksimportanttobelearned:leafy，blossomyForestofLiterature，wavinggloriousinthethensunlighttoJordan；——anditliesallnow，toJordanandus，notwitheredonly，butabolished；compressedintoafilmofindiscriminatePEAT。
Considerwhatthatpeatismadeof，Ocelebratedoruncelebratedreader，andtakeamoralfromJordan’sBook！Othermerit，exceptindeedclearnessandcommendablebrevity，theVoyageLitteraireorotherlittleBooksofJordan’shavenotnow。AfewofhisLetterstoFriedrich，whichexist，aretheonlywritingswiththeleastlifeleftinthem，andthisanaccidentallife，notmomentoustohimorus。Dryasdustinformsme，"AbbeJordan，aloneoftheCrown—Prince’scavaliers，sleepsintheTownofReinsberg，notintheSchloss:"andifIask，Why？——thereisnoanswer。ProbablyhispoorlittleDaughterkinwasbesidehimthere？——
WehavetosayofFriedrich’sAssociates，thatgenerallytheywereofintelligenttype，eachofthemmasterofsomethingorother，andcapableofrationaldiscourseuponthatatleast。Integrity，loyaltyofcharacter，wasindispensable；goodhumor，witifitcouldbehad，weremuchinrequest。Therewasnomanofshiningdistinctionthere；buttheywerethebestthatcouldbehad，andthatissayingall。Friedrichcannotbesaid，eitherasPrinceorasKing，tohavebeensuperlativelysuccessfulinhischoiceofassociates。Withonesingleexception，tobenoticedshortly，thereisnotoneofthemwhomweshouldnowrememberexceptforFriedrich’ssake；——uniformlytheyaremenwhomitisnowawearinesstohearof，exceptinacursorymanner。Onemanofshiningpartshehad，andoneonly；nomaneverofreallyhighandgreatmind。Thelattersortarenotsoeasytoget；rarelyproducibleonthesoilofthisEarth！NorisitcertainhowFriedrichmighthavemanagedwithoneofthissort，orhewithFriedrich；——thoughFriedrichunquestionablywouldhavetried，hadthechanceoffered。Forhelovedintellectasfewmenonthethrone，oroffit，everdid；andthelittlehecouldgatherofitroundhimoftenseemstomeafacttragicalratherthanotherwise。
WiththeouterBerlinsocialworld，actingandreacting，Friedrichhashisconnections，whichobscurelyemergeonusnowandthen。
LiteraryEminences，whoaregenerallyofTheologicalvesture；
anyfollowerofPhilosophy，especiallyifhebeofrefinedmannerswithal，orknowninfashionablelife，issuretoattracthim；
andgainsamplerecognitionatReinsbergoronTown—visits。
ButtheBerlinTheologicalorLiteraryworldatthattime，stillmoretheBerlinSocial，likeasunkextinctobject，continuesverydiminthoseoldrecords；andtosaytruth，whatfeatureswehaveofitdonotinvitetomiraculouseffortsforfartheracquaintance。VenerableBeausobre，withhisHistoryoftheManicheans，[HistoirecritiquedeManicheeetduManicheisme:wrotealso
Remarques&c。surleNouveauTestament，whichwereoncefamous；HistoiredelaReformation；&c。
&c。HeisBeausobreSENIOR；thereweretwoSons（oneofthemborninsecondwedlock，afterPapawas70），whowerelikewisegiventowriting。——SeeFormey，Souvenirsd’unCitoyen，i。33—39。]andotherlearnedthings，——weheardofhimlongsince，inTolandandtheRepublicanQueen’stime，asalightoftheworld。Heisnowfourscore，grownwhiteassnow；veryserene，polite，withasmackofFrenchnoblesseinhim，perhapsasmackofaffectationtraceabletoo。TheCrown—Prince，ononeofhisBerlinvisits，wishedtoseethisBeausobre；gotameetingappointed，insomebody’srooms"intheFrenchCollege，"andwaitedforthevenerableman。Venerablemanentered，loftilysereneasamartyrPreacheroftheWord，somethingofanancientSeigneurdeBeausobreinhim，too；fortherest，softassunset，andreallywithfineradiances，inasomewhattwistedstate，inthatgoodoldmindofhis。"Whathaveyoubeenreadinglately，M。deBeausobre？"
saidthePrince，tobeginconversation。"Ah，Monseigneur，Ihavejustrisenfromreadingthesublimestpieceofwritingthatexists。"——"Andwhat？""TheexordiumofSt。John’sGospel:
IntheBeginningwastheWord；andtheWordwaswithGod，andtheWordwas——"WhichsomewhattookthePrincebysurprise，asFormeyreports；thoughheralliedstraightway，andgotgoodconversationoutoftheoldgentleman。Towhom，weperceive，hewritesonceortwice，[OEuvresdeFrederic，xvi。121—126。Datesareallof1737；thelastofBeausobre’syears。]——acopyofhisownversestocorrect，ononeoccasion，——andisveryrespectfulandconsiderate。
FormeytellsusofanotherFrenchsage，personallyknowntothePrincesinceBoyhood；forheusedtobeaboutthePalace，doingsomething。ThisisoneLaCroze；Professorof，Ithink，"Philosophy"intheFrenchCollege:sublimeMonsterofErudition，atthattime；forgottennow，Ifear，byeverybody。Swag—bellied，shortofwind；liabletorages，toutterancesofacoarsenature；
adecidedlyugly，monstrousandratherstupidkindofman。
Knewtwentylanguages，inacoarseinexactway。Attempteddeepkindsofdiscourse，inthelecture—roomandelsewhere；butusuallybrokeoffintoendlessweltersofanecdote，notalwaysofcleanlynature；andaftereverytwoorthreewords，adesperatesigh，notforsorrow，butonaccountofflabbinessandfat。Formeygivesaportraitureofhim；notworthcopyingfarther。ThesameFormey，standingonedaysomewhereonthestreetsofBerlin，washimself，hecannotdoubt，SEENbytheCrown—Princeinpassing；"whoaskedM。Jordan，whothatwas，"andgotanswer:——isnotthatacomfortablefact？Nothingfarthercameofit；——respectableEx—ParsonFormey，thougheverreadywithhispen，beingindeedofveryvapidnature，notwantedatReinsberg，aswecanguess。
ThereisM。Achard，too，anotherPreacher，supremeofhissort，inthethenBerlincircles；towhomorfromwhomaLetterortwoexist。Lettersworthless，ifitwerenotforonedimindication:
That，oninquiry，theCrown—PrincehadbeenconsultingthissupremeAchardonthedifficultiesofOrthodoxy；[OEuvresdeFrederic，xvi。pp。112—117:date，March—June，1736。]andhadgivenhimtexts，oratext，topreachfrom。
SupremeAcharddidnotabolishthedifficultiesforhisinquiringPrince，——whocomplainsrespectfullythat"hisfaithisweak，"andleavesusdarkastoparticulars。ThisAchardpassageisalmosttheonlyhintwehaveofwhatmighthavebeenanimportantchapter:Friedrich’sReligiousHistoryatReinsberg。
Theexpression"weakfaith"Itaketobemeantnotinmockery，butiningenuousregretandsolicitude；muchpainfulfermentation，probably，onthereligiousquestioninthoseReinsbergyears！
Buttheold"GNADENWAHL"business，theFree—Gracecontroversy，hadtaughthimtobecautiousastowhatheutteredonthosepoints。
Thefermentation，therefore，hadtogoonundercover；whattheresultofitwas，isnotoriousenough；thoughthestepsoftheprocessarenotinanypointknown。
Enoughnowofsuchdetails。Outwardlyorinwardly，thereisnoHistory，oralmostnone，tobehadofthisReinsbergPeriod；
theextensiverecordsofitconsisting，asusual，mainlyofchaoticnugatorymatter，opaquetothemindofreaders。ThereiscopiouscorrespondenceoftheCrown—Prince，withatleastdatestoitformostpart:butthis，whichshouldbethemainresource，proveslikewiseapoorone；theCrown—Prince’sLetters，noworafterwards，beingalmostneverofadeeporintimatequality；
andseldomturningoneventsorfactsatall，andthennotalwaysonfactsinteresting，onfactsclearlyapprehensibletousinthatextinctelement。
TheThing，weknowalways，ISthere；butvisionoftheThingisonlytobehadfaintly，intermittently。Diminanetwilight，withhereandthereatransientSPARKfallingsomewhitherinit；——youdoatlast，bydesperatepersistence，gettodiscernoutlines，features:——"TheThingcannotalwayshavebeenNo—thing，"youreflect！Outlines，features:——andperhaps，afterall，thosearemostlywhatthereaderwantsonthisoccasion。
ChapterII。
OFVOLTAIREANDTHELITERARYCORRESPONDENCES。
OneofFriedrich’sgrandpurposesatReinsberg，tohimselfprivatelythegrandestthere，whichhefollowswithconstantloyaltyandardor，isthatofscalingtheheightsoftheMuses’
Hillwithal；ofattainingmastership，discipleship，inArtandPhilosophy；——orincandorletuscallit，whatittrulywas，thatofenlighteningandfortifyinghimselfwithclearknowledge，clearbelief，onallsides；andacquiringsomespiritualpanoplyinwhichtofrontthecomingpracticalitiesoflife。This，hefeelswell，willbeanobleuseofhisseclusioninthosestillplaces；
anditmustbeowned，hestrugglesandendeavorstowardsthis，withgreatperseverance，byallthemethodsinhispower，here，orwhereverafterwardshemightbe。
HereatReinsberg，oneofhisreadiestmethods，hispleasantestifnothisusefulest，isthatofgettingintocorrespondencewiththechiefspiritsofhistime。Whichaccordinglyheforthwithsetsabout，aftergettingintoReinsberg，andcontinues，asweshallsee，withmuchassiduity。Rollin，Fontenelle，andotherFrenchlightsofthethenfirmament，——hisLetterstothemexist；
andcouldbegiveninsomequantity:butitisbetternot。
TheyareintrinsicallythecommonLettersonsuchoccasions:
"Osublimedemi—godofliterature，howsmallareprincelydistinctionstosuchagloryasthine；thouwhoenterestwithintheveilofthetemple，andissuestwiththyfaceshining！"——
Towhichtheresponseis:"Hm，thinkyouso，mosthappy，gracious，illustriousPrince，witheveryconvenienceroundyou，andsuchprospectsahead？Well，thankyou，atanyrate，——and，astheIrishsay，morepowertoyourHonor’sGlory！"ThisreallyisnearlyallthatsaidSetsofLetterscontain；andexceptperhapstheVoltaireSet，noneofthemgivesymptomsofmuchcapacitytocontainmore。
CertainlytherewasnowantofLiteraryMendiscerniblefromReinsbergatthattime；andtheyoungPrincecorrespondswithagoodmanyofthem；temporalpotentatesalutingspiritual，fromthedistance，——inawayhighlyinterestingtothethenparties，butnowwithoutinterest，exceptofthereflexkind，toanycreature。
Averycoldandemptyportion，this，oftheFriedrichCorrespondence；standingtheretotestifywhathisadmirationwasforliterarytalent，orthegreatreputationofsuch；butinitselfuninstructiveutterly，andoffreezinginfluenceonthenowlivingmind。MostofthoseFrenchlightsofthethenfirmamentaregoneout。Forgottenaltogether；orrecognized，likeRollinandothers，forpolisheddullards，universitybig—wigs，andlong—
windedcommonplacepersons，deservingnothingbutoblivion。
ToMontesquieu，——notyetcalled"BarondeMontesquieu"withESPRIT
DESLOIS，but"M。deSecondat"with（Anonymous）LETTRESPERSANES，andalreadyknowntotheworldforapersonofsharpaudaciouseyesight，——itdoesnotappearthatFriedrichaddressedanyLetter，noworafterwards。NonoticeofMontesquieu；norofsomeothers，theabsenceofwhomisalittleunexpected。Probablyitwaswantofknowledgemainly；forhisappetitewasnotfastidiousatthistime。Andcertainlyhedidhitthecentreofthemark，andgetintotheverykernelofFrenchliterature，when，in1736，hardlyyetestablishedinhisnewquarters，headdressedhimselftotheshiningfigureknowntousas"ArouetJunior"longsince，andnowcalledM。DEVOLTAIRE；whichlatterisstillanamenotableinFriedrich’sHistoryandthatofMankind。Friedrich’sfirstLetter，challengingVoltairetocorrespondence，datesitself8thAugust，1736；andVoltaire’sAnswer——theReinsbergHouseholdstillonlyinitssecondmonth——wasprobablythebrightesteventwhichhadyetbefallenthere。
OnvariousaccountsitwillbehooveustolookagooddealmorestrictlyintothisVoltaire；and，ashisrelationstoFriedrichandtotheworldaresomultiplex，endeavortodisengagethereallikenessofthemanfromthecircumambientnoiseandconfusionwhichinhisinstancecontinueverygreat。"VoltairewasthespiritualcomplementofFriedrich，"saysSauerteigonce:"whatlittleoflastingtheirpoorCenturyproducedliesmainlyintheseTwo。AverysomnambulatingCentury！ButwhatlittleitDID，wemustcallFriedrich；whatlittleitTHOUGHT，Voltaire。Otherfruitwehavenotfromittospeakof，atthisday。Voltaire，andwhatCANbefaithfullydoneontheVoltaireCreed；’RealizedVoltairism；’——admitit，reader，notinatootriumphanthumor，——isnotthatprettymuchthenethistoricalproductoftheEighteenthCentury？Therestofitshistoryeitherpuresomnambulism；oramereControversy，totheeffect，’RealizedVoltairism？Howsoonshallitberealized，then？Notatonce，surely！’SothatFriedrichandVoltairearerelated，notbyaccidentonly。
Theyare，theyforwantofbetter，thetwoOriginalMenoftheirCentury；thechiefandinasensethesoleproductsoftheirCentury。Theyaloneremaintousasstilllivingresultsfromit，——suchastheyare。Andtherest，truly，OUGHTtodepartandvanish（astheyarenowdoing）；beingmereephemera；contemporaryeaters，scramblersforprovender，talkersofacceptablehearsay；
andrelatedmerelytothebutteriesandwiggeriesoftheirtime，andnotrelatedtothePerennialitiesatall，astheseTwowere。"
——WithmoreofthelikesortfromSauerteig。
M。deVoltaire，whousedtobeM。Francois—MarieArouet，wasatthistimeaboutforty，[Born20thFebruary，1694；theyoungeroftwosons:Father，"FrancoisArouet，aNotaryoftheChatelet，ultimatelyTreasureroftheChamberofAccounts；"Mother，"Marguerited’Aumart，ofanoblefamilyofPoitou。"]andhadgonethroughvariousfortunes；aman，nowandhenceforth，inahighdegreeconspicuous，andquestionabletohisfellow—creatures。
Clearknowledgeofhimought，atthisstage，tobecommon；
butunexpectedlyitisnot。Whatendlesswritingandbiographyingtherehasbeenaboutthisman；inwhichonestillreads，withakindoflazysatisfaction，duetothesubject，andtotheFrenchgeniusinthatdepartment！Butthemanhimself，andhisenvironmentandpracticalaspects，whattheactualphysiognomyofhislifeandofhimcanhavebeen，isdarkfrombeginningtoending；andmuchisleftinanambiguousundecipherableconditiontous。AproperHistoryofVoltaire，inwhichshouldbediscoverable，luminoustohumancreatures，whathewas，whatelementhelivedin，whatworkhedid:thisisstillaproblemforthegeniusofFrance！——
HisFather’snameisknowntous；thenameofhisFather’sprofession，too，butnotclearlythenatureofit；stilllesshisFather’scharacter，economiccircumstances，physiognomyspiritualorsocial:nottheleastpossibilitygrantedyouofforminganimage，howeverfaint，ofthatnotablemanandhousehold，whichdistinguisheditselftoalltheearthbyproducinglittleFrancoisintothelightofthissun。OfMadameArouet，who，orwhat，orhowshewas，nothingwhateverisknown。Ahumanreader，pesteredcontinuallywiththeMadame—Denises，Abbe—Mignotsandenigmaticniecesandnephews，wouldhavewishedtoknow，atleast，whatchildren，besidesFrancois，MadameArouethad:onceforall，Howmanychildren？Namethem，withyearofbirth，yearofdeath，accordingtothechurch—registers:theyall，atanyrate，hadthatdegreeofhistory！No；eventhathasnotbeendone。Beneficentcorrespondentsofmyownmakeanswer，aftersomeresearch，NoregisteroftheArouetsanywheretobehad。TheverynameVOLTAIRE，ifyouaskwhencecameit？thereisnoanswer，orworsethannone。——Thefit"History"ofthisman，whichmightbeoneoftheshiningEpicsofhisCentury，andthelucidsummaryandsoulofanyHISTORYFrancethenhad，butwhichwouldrequirealmostaFrenchdemi—godtodoit，isstillagreatwayoff，ifontheroadatall！Forpresentpurposes，weselectwhatfollowsfromawell—
knownhand:——
"YOUTHOFVOLTAIRE（1694—1725）。——FrenchBiographershavelefttheArouetHouseholdverydarkforus；meanwhilewecanperceive，orguess，thatitwasmoderatelywellineconomicrespects；
thatFrancoiswasthesecondoftheTwoSons；andthatoldArouet，asteady，practicalandperhapsrathersharp—temperedoldgentleman，ofofficiallegalhabitsandposition，’NotaryoftheChatelet’andsomethingelse，haddestinedhimfortheLawProfession；aswasnaturalenoughtoasonofM。Arouet，whohadhimselfsucceededwellinLaw，andcouldthere，bestofall，openroadsforacleversecondson。Francoisaccordinglysat’inchambers，’aswecallit；andhisfellow—clerksmuchlovedhim，——
themostamusingfellowintheworld。Satinchambers，evenbecameanadvocate；butdidnotintheleasttaketoadvocateship；——tooktopoetry，andotherairydangerouscourses，speculative，practical；causingfamilyexplosionsandrebukes，whichwerewithouteffectonhim。Ayoungfool，bentonsportfulpursuitsinsteadofserious；moreandmoreshudderingatLaw。TothesurpriseandindignationofM。ArouetSenior。Law，withitswigsandsheepskins，pointingtowardshighhonorsanddeepflesh—pots，hadnocharmsfortheyoungfool；hecouldnotbemadetolikeLaw。
"Whereuponaroseexplosions，aswehint；familyexplosionsonthepartofM。ArouetSenior；suchthatfriendshadtointerfere，anditwasuncertainwhatwouldcomeofit。Onejudiciousfriend，’M。Caumartin，’tooktheyoungfellowhometohishouseinthecountryforatime；——andthere，incidentally，broughthimacquaintedwitholdgentlemendeepinthetraditionsofHenriQuatreandthecognatetopics；whichmuchinflamedtheyoungfellow，andproducedbigschemesintheheadofhim。
"M。ArouetSeniorstoodstrongforLaw；butitwasbecomingdailymoreimpossible。Madrigals，dramas（notwithoutactresses），satiricalwit，airyverse，andallmannerofadventurousspeculation，werewhatthisyoungmanwentupon；andwasgettingmoreandmorelovedfor；introduced，even，tothesuperiorcircles，andrecognizedthereasoneofthebrightestyoungfellowseverseen。Whichtended，ofcourse，toconfirmhiminhisfolly，andopenotheroutlooksandharborsofrefugethanthepaternalone。
"Suchthings，strangetoM。ArouetSenior，wereinvoguethen；
wickedRegentd’OrleanshavingsucceededsublimeLouisXIV。，andsetstrangefashionstotheQuality。NotlikelytoprofitthisfoolFrancois，thoughtM。ArouetSenior；andwasmuchconfirmedinhisnotion，whenarhymedLampoonagainsttheGovernmenthavingcomeout（LESJ’AIVU，astheycallit["Ihaveseen（J’AIVU）"
thisignominyoccur，"Ihaveseen"thatother，——totheamountofadozenortwo；——"andamnotyettwenty。"Copyofit，andguessastoauthorship，inOEuvresdeVoltaire，i。321。]），andbecometherage，asacleverthingofthekindwill，itwasimputedtothebrightestyoungfellowinFrance，M。Arouet’sSon。
Who，infact，wasnottheAuthor；butwasnotbelievedonhisdenial；andsawhimself，inspiteofhishighconnections，ruthlesslylodgedintheBastilleinconsequence。’Lethimsit，’
thoughtM。ArouetSenior，’andcometohissensesthere！’Hesatforeighteenmonths（agestilllittleabovetwenty）；butprivatelyemployedhistime，notinrepentance，orinseriouslegalstudies，butinwritingaPoemonhisHenriQuatre。’EpicPoem，’noless；
LALIGUE，ashethencalledit；whichitwashishopethewholeworldwouldonedayfallinlovewith；——asitdid。Nay，intwoyearsmore，hehaddoneaPlay，OEDIPEtherenownednameofit；
whichranforforty—eightnights’（18thNovember，1718，thefirstofthem）；andwasenoughtoturnanyheadofsuchage。Lawmaybeconsideredhopeless，evenbyM。ArouetSenior。
"TryhimintheDiplomaticline；breakthesebadhabitsandconnections，thoughtM。Arouet，atonetime；andsenthimtotheFrenchAmbassadorinHolland，——ongoodbehavior，asitwere，andbywayoftemporarybanishment。Butneitherdidthisanswer。
Onthecontrary，theyoungfellowgotintoscrapesagain；gotintoamatoryintrigues，——youngladyvisitingyouinmen’sclothes，younglady’smotherinveigling，andIknownotwhat；——sothattheAmbassadorwasgladtosendhimhomeagainunmarried；marked，asitwere，’Glass，withcare！’Andtheyounglady’smotherprintedhisLetters，nottheleastworthreading:——andtheoldM。Arouetseemsnowtohaveflunguphishead；tohavesettledsomesmallallowanceonhim，withperemptorynohopeofmore，andsaid，’Goyourownway，then，foolishjunior:theeldershallbemyson。’M。Arouetdisappearsatthispoint，ornearlyso，fromthehistoryofhissonFrancois；andIthinkmusthavediedinnotmanyyears。PooroldM。Arouetclosedhisoldeyeswithouttheleastconceptionwhataprodigiousever—memorablethinghehaddoneunknowingly，insendingthisFrancoisintotheworld，tokindlesuchuniversal’drydung—heapofarottenworld，’andsetitblazing！Francois，hisFather’ssynonym，cametoberepresentativeofthefamily，afterall；theelderBrotheralsohavingdiedbeforelong。Exceptcertainconfusedniece—and—nephewpersonages，progenyofthesisters，Francoishasnomoretroubleorsolacementfromthepaternalhousehold。FrancoismeanwhileishisFather’ssynonym，andsignsArouetJunior，’FrancoisArouel。j。（LEJEUNE）。’
"’AllofusPrinces，then，orPoets！’saidhe，onenightatsupper，lookingtorightandleft:thebrightestfellowintheworld，wellfittobePhoebusApolloofsuchcircles；andgreatthingsnowaheadofhim。DissoluteRegentd’Orleans，politest，mostdebauchedofmen，andverywitty，holdsthehelm；nearhimDuboistheDevil’sCardinal，andsomanybrightspirits。AlltheLuciferousSpiritualismthereisinFranceisliftinganchor，undertheseauspices，joyfullytowardsnewlatitudesandIslesoftheBlest。WhatmaynotFrancoishopetobecome？’Hmph！’answersM。ArouetSenior，steadily，solongashelives。Hereareoneortwosubsequentphases，epochsorturning—points，oftheyounggentleman’scareer。
"PHASISFIRST（1725—1728）。——TheaccomplishedDucdeSulli（Year1725，daynotrecorded），isgivinginhishoteladinner，suchasusual；andabrightwittycompanyisassembled；——thebrightestyoungfellowinFrancesuretobethere；andwithhiselectriccoruscationsilluminatingeverything，andkeepingthetableinaroar。Tothedelightofmost；nottothatofacertainspleneticill—givenDucdeRohan；grandeeofhighrank，greathaughtiness，andveryill—behaviorintheworld；whofeelsimpatientatthenoticetakenofamerecivicindividual，ArouetJunior。
’Quelestdonecejeunehommequiparlesihaut，Whoisthisyoungmanthattalkssoloud，then？’exclaimstheproudspleneticDuke。’Monseigneur，’flashestheyoungmanbackuponhiminanelectricmanner，’itisonewhodoesnotdragabignameaboutwithhim；butwhosecuresrespectforthenamehehas！’
Figurethat，inthepenetratinggrandlyclangorousvoice（VOIX
SOMBREETMAJESTUEUSE），andthemomentaryflashofeyesthatattendedit。DucdeRohanrose，inasulphurousframeofmind；
andwenthisways。Whatdate？YouasktheidleFrenchBiographerinvain；——seeonly，aftermoreandmoreinspection，thattheincidentistrue；andwithlabordateit，summeroftheYear1725。
TreatyofUtrechtitself，thoughalltheNewspapersandOwnCorrespondentsweresointerestedinit，wasperhapsbutafoolishmattertodateincomparison！
"Aboutaweekafter，M。ArouetJuniorwasagaindiningwiththeDucdeSulli，andafinecompanyasbefore。Aservantwhispershim，Thatsomebodyhascalled，andwantshimbelow。’Cannotcome，’
answersArouet；’howcanI，soengaged？’Servantreturnsafteraminuteortwo:’Pardon，Monsieur；Iamtosay，itistodoanactofbeneficencethatyouarewantedbelow！’Arouetlaysdownhisknifeandfork；descendsinstantlytoseewhatactitis。
Acarriageisinthecourt，andhackney—coachnearit:’WouldMonsieurhavetheextremegoodnesstocometothedoorofthecarriage，inacaseofnecessity？’Atthedoorofthecarriage，handsseizethecollarofhim，holdhimasinavice；diabolicvisageofDucdeRohanisvisibleinside，whoutters，lookingtothehackney—coach，some"VOILA，Nowthen！’Whereuponthehackney—
coachopens，givesoutthreeporters，orhiredbullies，withthedueimplements:scandalousactualityofhorsewhippingdescendsonthebackofpoorArouet，whoshrieksandexecratestonopurpose，nobodybeingnear。’Thatwilldo，’saysRohanatlast，andthegallantducalpartydriveoff；youngArouet，withtornfrillsandderangedhair，rushingupstairsagain，insuchamoodasiseasytofancy。Everybodyissorry，inconsolable，everybodyshocked；
nobodyvolunteerstohelpinavenging。’MonseigneurdeSulli，isnotsuchatrocitydonetooneofyourguests，aninsulttoyourself？’asksArouet。’Well，yesperhaps，but’——MonseigneurdeSullishrugshisshoulders，andproposesnothing。Arouetwithdrew，ofcourseinamostblazingcondition，toconsiderwhathecould，onhisownstrength，dointhisconjuncture。
"HisBiographerDuvernetsays，hedecidedondoingtwothings:
learningEnglishandthesmall—swordexercise。[LaViedeVoltaire，parM——（aGeneve，1786），pp。55—57；orpp。60—63，inhisSECONDformoftheBook。The"M——"isanAbbeDuvernet；ofnogreatmarkotherwise。HegotintoRevolutiontroubleafterwards，butescapedwithhishead；andrepublishedhisBook，swollenoutsomewhatbynew"Anecdotes"andrepublicanbluster，inthissecondinstance；signinghimselfT。J。D。V——
（Paris，1797）。AvaguebutnotdarkormendaciouslittleBook；
withtracesofrealEYESIGHTinit，——byonewhohadpersonallyknownVoltaire，oratleastseenandheardhim。]Heretiredtothecountryforsixmonths，andperfectedhimselfinthesetwobranches。Beingperfect，hechallengedDucdeRohaninthepropermanner；applyingingeniouscompulsiveswithal，tosecureacceptanceofthechallenge。Rohanaccepted，notwithoutsomedifficulty，andcompulsionattheTheatreorotherwise:——accepted，butwithalconfessedtohiswife。Theresultwas，nomeasuringofswordstookplace；andRohanonlyblightedbypublicopinion，orincapableoffartherblightthatway，wentatlarge；aconvenientLETTREDECACHEThavingputArouetagainintheBastille。
WhereforsixmonthsArouetlodgedasecondtime，theinnocentnottheguilty；making，wecanwellsuppose，innumerablereflectionsonthephenomenaofhumanlife。Imprisonmentonceover，hehastilyquittedforEngland；shakingthedustofungratefulFranceoffhisfeet，——resolvedtochangehisunhappyname，foronething。
"Smelfungus，denouncingthetorpidfatuityofVoltaire’sBiographers，sayshenevermetwithoneFrenchman，evenoftheLiteraryclasses，whocouldtellhimwhencethisnameVOLTAIRE
originated。’APETITETERRE，smallfamilyestate，’theysaid；andsenthimhuntingthroughTopographies，farandwide，tonopurpose。Othersanswered，’VolterrainItaly，someconnectionwithVolterra，’——andseemedeventoknowthatthiswasbutfatuity。
’Inever—talking，ever—printingParis，isitasinTimbuctoo，then，whichneitherprintsnorhasanythingtoprint？’exclaimspoorSmelfungus！Hetellsusatlast，thenameVOLTAIREisamereAnagramofAROUETL。J。——youtryit；
A。R。O。U。E。T。L。J。=V。O。L。T。A。I。R。Eandperceiveatonce，withobligationstoSmelfungus，thathehassettledthissmallmatterforyou，andthatyoucanbesilentuponitforeverthenceforth。
"TheanagramVOLTAIRE，gloomilysettledintheBastilleinthismanner，canbereckonedaveryfamouswide—soundingouterresultoftheRohanimpertinenceandblackguardism；butitisnotworthnamingbesidetheinnerintrinsicresult，ofbanishingVoltairetoEnglandatthispointofhiscourse。EnglandwasfullofConstitutionalityandFreethinking；Tolands，Collinses，Wollastons，Bolingbrokes，stillliving；veryfreeindeed。
England，oneisastonishedtosee，hasitsroyal—republicanwaysofdoing；somethingRomaninit，fromPeeragedowntoPlebs；
strangeandcurioustotheeyeofM。deVoltaire。
Sciencesflourishing；Newtonstillalive，whitewithfourscoreyears，thevenerablehoaryman；Locke’sGospelofCommonSenseinfullvogue，orevendoneintoverse，byincomparableMr。Pope，forthecultivatedupperclasses。Inscience，inreligion，inpolitics，whatasurprising’liberty’allowedortaken！Neverwasafreerturnofthinking。And（whattoM。deVoltaireisapleasantfeature）itisFreethinkingwithrufflestoitsshirtandringsonitsfingers；——neveryet，theleast，dreamingoftheshirtlessorSANSCULOTTICstatethatliesaheadforit！ThatisthepalmyconditionofEnglishLiberty，whenM。deVoltairearrivesthere。
"InamanjustoutoftheBastilleonthoseterms，thereisaminddrivenbyhardsufferingintoseriousness，andprovokedbyindignantcomparisonsandremembrances。AsifyouhadelaboratelyploughedandpulverizedthemindofthisVoltairetoreceivewithitsutmostavidity，andstrengthoffertility，whateverseedEnglandmayhaveforit。Thatwasanotableconjunctureofamanwithcircumstances。Thequestion，IsthismantogrowupaCourtPoet；todolegitimatedramas，lampoons，wittyverses，andwildspiritualandpracticalmagnificences，thelikeneverseen；
PrincesandPrincessesrecognizinghimasplainlydivine，andkeepinghimtiedbyenchantmentstothatpoortradeashistaskinlife？isansweredinthenegative。No:anditisnotquitetodecorateandcomfortyour’drydung—heap’ofaworld，orthefortunatecocksthatscratchonit，thatthemanVoltaireishere；
buttoshootlightningsintoit，andsetitablazeoneday！
Thatwasanimportantalternative；trulyofworld—importancetothepoorgenerationsthatnoware；anditwassettled，ingoodpart，bythisvoyagetoEngland，asonemaysurmise。SuchissometimestheuseofadissoluteRohaninthisworld；forthegodsmakeimplementsofallmannerofthings。
"M。deVoltaire（forwenowdroptheArouetaltogether，andneverhearofitmore）cametoEngland——when？QuittedEngland——when？
SorrowonallfatuousBiographers，whospendtheirtimenotinlayingpermanentfoundation—stones，butinfencingwiththewind！
——Iatlastfindindisputably，itwasin1726thathecametoEngland:[GotoutoftheBastille，withorderstoleaveFrance，"29thApril"ofthatyear（OEuvresdeVoltaire，i。40n。）。]andhehimselftellsusthathequittedit’in1728。’Spent，therefore，sometwoyearsthereinall，——lastyearofGeorgeI。’sreign，andfirstofGeorgeII。’s。Butmereinanityanddarknessvisiblereign，inallhisBiographies，overthisperiodofhislife，whichwasaboveallothersworthinvestigating:seeknottoknowit；nomanhasinquiredintoit，probablynocompetentmannoweverwill。ByhintsincertainLettersoftheperiod，welearnthathelodged，oratonetimelodged，in’MaidenLane，CoventGarden；’oneofthoseoldHousesthatyetstandinMaidenLane:forwhichsmallfactletusbethankful。HisownLettersoftheperiodaredatednowandthenfrom’Wandsworth。’AllusionstherearetoBolingbroke；buttheWandsworthisnotBolingbroke’smansion，whichstoodinBattersea；
theWandsworthwasoneEdwardFawkener’s；amansomewhatadmirabletoyoungVoltaire，butextinctnow，ornearlyso，inhumanmemory。
HehadbeenaTurkeyMerchant，itwouldseem，andneverthelesswasadmittedtospeakhiswordinintellectual，eveninpoliticalcircles；whichwaswonderfultoyoungVoltaire。ThisFawkener，Ithink，becameSirEdwardFawkener，andsomekindof’SecretarytotheDukeofCumberland:’——IjudgeittobethesameFawkener；
amanhighlyunmemorablenow，wereitnotfortheyoungFrenchmanhewashospitableto。Fawkener’sandBolingbroke’sareperhapstheonlynamesthatturnupinVoltaire’sLETTERSofthisEnglishPeriod:overwhichgenerallytherereigns，intheFrenchBiographies，inanedarkness，withanintimation，halfinvoluntary，thatitSHOULDhavebeenmadeluminous，andwouldifperfectlyeasy。
"Weknow，fromothersources，thathehadacquaintancewithmanymeninEngland，withallmannerofimportantmen:NotestoPopeinVoltaire—English，visitofVoltairetoCongreve，NoteseventosuchasLadySundonintheinteriorofthePalace，areknownof。
Thebrightestyoungfellowintheworlddidnotwantforintroductionstothehighestquarters，inthattimeofpoliticalalliance，andextensiveprivateacquaintance，betweenhisCountryandours。Andallthishewasthemantoimprove，bothinthetrivialandthedeepsense。HisbowtothedivinePrincessCarolineandsuite，coulditfailingracefulreverenceorwhatelsewasneeded？Dexterousrightwordsintherightplaces，wingedwithESPRITsocalled:thatwastheman’ssupremetalent，inwhichhehadnomatch，tothelast。Amostbrilliant，swift，far—
glancingyoungman，disposedtomakehimselfgenerallyagreeable。
Fortherest，hiswonder，wecansee，waskeptawake；wonderreadilyinclining，inhiscircumstances，towardsadmiration。
ThestereotypefigureoftheEnglishman，alwaysthesame，whichturnsupinVoltaire’sWORKS，isworthnotinginthisrespect。
Aruggedsurlykindoffellow，much—enduring，notintrinsicallybad；spleneticwithoutcomplaint，standingoddlyinexpugnableinthatnaturalstoicismofhis；taciturn，yetwithstrangeflashesofspeechinhimnowandthen，somethingwhichgoesbeyondlaughterandarticulatelogic，andisthetaciturnelixirofthesetwo，whattheycall’humor’intheirdialect:thisisprettymuchtheREVERSEofVoltaire’sownself，andthereforeallthewelcomertohim；delineatedalwayswithakindofmockery，butwithevidentlove。WhatexcellencesareinEngland，thoughtVoltaire；
noBastilleinit，foronething！Newton’sPhilosophyannihilatedthevortexesofDescartesforhim；Locke’sTolerationisverygrand（especiallyifallisuncertain，andYOUareintheminority）；thenCollins，WollastonandCompany，——novileJesuitshere，strongintheirmendaciousmal—odorousstupidity，despicablestyetmostdangerousofcreatures，tocheckfreedomofthought！IllustriousMr。Pope，oftheEssayonMan，surelyheisadmirable；asarePericlesBolingbroke，andmanyothers。EvenBolingbroke’shigh—lacqueredbrassisgoldtothisyoungFrenchfriendofhis。——Throughallwhichadmirationsandexaggerationstheprogressoftheyoungman，towardcertainveryseriousattainmentsandachievements，isconceivableenough。
"Oneotherman，whooughttobementionedintheBiographies，I
findVoltairetohavemadeacquaintancewith，inEngland:aGermanM。Fabrice，oneofseveralBrotherscalledFabriceorFabricius，——
concerningwhom，howhehadbeenatBender，andhowVoltairepickedCHARLESDOUSEfromthememoryofhim，therewasalreadymention。ThesameFabricewhoheldpoorGeorgeI。inhisarmswhiletheydrove，galloping，toOsnabriick，thatnight，IN
EXTREMIS:——notneedingmentionagain。Thefollowingismoretothepoint。
"Voltaire，amonghismultifariousstudieswhileinEngland，didnotforgetthatofeconomics:hisPoemLALIGUE，——surreptitiouslyprinted，threeyearssince，underthattitle（oneDesfontaines，ahungryEx—Jesuit，theperpetrator），[1723，VIE，parT。J。D。V。
（thatis，"M——"inthesecondform），p。59。]——henowtookinhandforhisownbenefit；washeditcleanofitsblots；christeneditHENRIADE，underwhichnameitisstillknownoveralltheworld；——
andprintedit；publishedithere，bysubscription，in1726；
oneofthefirstthingsheundertook。Verysplendidsubscription；
headedbyPrincessCaroline，andmuchfavoredbytheopulentofquality。Whichyieldedanunknownbutveryconsiderablesumofthousandssterling，andgroundednotonlytheworld—renownbutthedomesticfinanceofM。deVoltaire。Forthefameofthe’newepic，’asthisHENRIADEwascalled，soonspreadintoalllands。
Andsuchfame，andotheragenciesonhisbehalf，havingopenedthewayhomeforVoltaire，hetookthissumofThousandsSterlingalongwithhim；laiditoutjudiciouslyinsomecitylottery，orprofitablescripthengoingatParis，whichatoncedoubledtheamount:afterwhichheinvesteditinCorn—trade，ArmyClothing，Barbary—trade，CommissariatBacon—trade，allmannerofwell—chosentrades，——beingoneoftheshrewdestfinanciersonrecord；——andneverfromthatdaywantedabundanceofmoney，foronething。
Whichhejudgedtobeextremelyexpedientforaliteraryman，especiallyintimesofJesuitandothertribulation。’Youhaveonlytowatch，’hewouldsay，’whatscrips，publicloans，investmentsinthefieldofagio，areoffered；ifyouexertanyjudgment，itiseasytogainthere:donotthestupidestofmortalsgainthere，byintenselyattendingtoit？’
"VoltairegotalmostnothingbyhisBooks，whichhegenerallyhadtodisavow，anddenounceassurreptitioussupposititiousscandals，whensomesharp—setBook—seller，inwhosewayhehadlaidthesavoryarticleasbait，chosetoriskhisearsfortheprofitofsnatchingandpublishingit。NexttonothingbyhisBooks；butbyhisfinefinance—talentotherwise，hehadbecomepossessedofamplemoneys。Whichweresocunninglydisposed，too，thathehadresourcesineveryCountry；andnoconceivablecombinationofconfiscatingJesuitsanddarkfanaticOfficialPersonscouldthrowhimoutofalivelihood，whithersoeverhemightbeforcedtorun。
Amanthatlooksfactsintheface；whichiscreditableofhim。
Thevulgarcallitavariceandthelike，astheirwayis:butM。deVoltaireisconvincedthateffectswillfollowcauses；
andthatitwellbeseemsalonelyIshmaelite，huntinghiswaythroughthehowlingwildernessesandconfusedravenouspopulationsofthisworld，tohavemoneyinhispocket。Hediedwitharevenueofsome7，000poundsayear，probablyasgoodas20，000poundsatpresent；therichestliterarymaneverheardofhitherto，aswellastheremarkablestinsomeotherrespects。Butwehavetomarkthesecondphasisofhislife[inwhichFriedrichnowseeshim]，andhowitgrewoutofthisfirstone。
"PHASISSECOND（1728—1733）。——Returninghomeasifquietlytriumphant，withsuchatalentinhim，andsuchasanctionputuponitandhimbyaneighboringNation，andbyalltheworld，Voltairewaswarmlyreceived，inhisoldaristocraticcircles，bycultivatedFrancegenerally；andnowin1728，inhisthirty—secondyear，mightbegintohavedefiniteoutlooksofasufficientlyroyalkind，inLiteratureandotherwise。Norisheslow，farfromit，toadvance，toconquerandenjoy。Hewritessuccessfulliterature，fallsinlovewithwomenofquality；encouragestheindigentandhumble；eclipses，andincaseofneedtramplesdown，thetooproud。HeelegizespoorAdrienneLecouvreur，theActress，——ourpoorfriendtheComtedeSaxe’sfemalefriend；wholoyallyemptiedoutherwholepurseforhim，30，000poundsinonesum，thathemighttryforCourland，andwhetherhecouldfallinlovewithheroftheSwollenCheekthere；whichprovedimpossible。
ElegizesAdrienne，weslty，andevenburiesherundercloudofnight:readytoprotectunfortunatefemalesofmerit。Especiallytheatricalfemales；havingmuchtodointhetheatre，whichweperceivetobethepulpitorrealpreaching—placeofcultivatedFranceinthoseyears。Allmannerofverse，allmannerofprose，hedashesoffwithsurprisingspeedandgrace:showersoflightsprayforthemoment；andalwayssomecurrentofgraverenterprise，SiecledeLouisQuatorzeorthelike，goingonbeneathit。Forheisamostdiligent，swift，unrestingman；andstudiesandlearnsamazinglyinsucharacketyexistence。Victoriousenoughinsomesenses；defeat，inLiterature，nevervisitedhim。HisPlays，comingthickontheheelsofoneanother，rapidbrilliantpieces，arebrilliantlyreceivedbytheunofficialworld；andoughttodethronedullCrebillon，andthesleepypotentatesofPoetrythatnoware。
Whichinfactistheirresultwiththepublic；butnotyetinthehighestcourtlyplaces；——adefectmuchtobecondemnedandlamented。
"Numerousenemiesarise，asisnatural，ofanenviousvenomousdescription；thisisanotherever—wideningshadowinthesunshine。
Infactweperceivehehas，besidestheinnerobstaclesandgriefs，twoclassesofoutwardones:ThereareLionsonhispathandalsoDogs。LionsaretheEx—BishopofMirepoix，andcertainotherdarkHolyFathers，orpotentorthodoxOfficialPersons。
These，thoughVoltairedoesnotyetdeclarehisheterodoxy（which，indeed，isbuttheorthodoxyofthecultivatedprivatecircles），perceivewellenough，evenbytheHENRIADE，anditstalkof’tolerance，’horrorof’fanaticism’andthelike，whatthisone’s’DOXYis；andhowdangeroushe，notameremutemanofquality，butatalkingspiritwithwingedwords，maybe；——andtheymuchannoyandterrifyhim，bytheirroaringinthedistance。
Whichroaringcannot，ofcourse，convince；andsinceitisnotpermittedtokill，canonlyprovokeatalkingspiritintostilldeeperstrainsofheterodoxyforhisownprivatebehoof。ThesearetheLionsonhispath:beastsconscioustothemselvesofgoodintentions；butmanifestingfromVoltaire’spointofview，itmustbeowned，aphysiognomyunlovelytoadegree。（Lightissuperiortodarkness，Ishouldthink，’meditatesVoltaire；’powerofthoughttothewantofpower！TheANEDEMIREPOIX（AssofMirepoix），[PoorjokeofVoltaire’s，continuallyappliedtothisBishop，orEx—Bishop，——whowasthought，generally，arathertenebrificmanforappointmenttotheFEUILLEDESBENEFICES
（chargeofnominatingBishops，keepingKing’sconscience，&c。）；
andwho，inthatcapacity，signedhimselfANC（bynomeans"ANE，"
but"ANCIEN，Whilom"）DEMIREPOIX，——totheenragementofVoltairebftenenough。]pretendingtousemeinthismanner，isitother，inthecourtofRhadamanthus，thantranscendentStupidity，withtranscendentInsolencesuperadded？’Voltairegrowsmoreandmoreheterodox；andisripeningtowardsdangerousutterances，thoughhe，strivestoholdin。
"TheDogsuponhispath，again，areallthedisloyalenviouspersonsoftheWritingClass，whomhissuccesshasoffended；
and，moregenerally，allthedishonesthungrypersonswhocangainamorselbybitinghim:andtheirnameislegion。Itmustbeowned，aboutasuglyaDoggery（’INFAMECANAILLE’hemightwellreckonthem）ashas，beforeorsince，infestedthepathofaman。
Theyarenothiredandseton，asangrysuspicionmightsuggest；
buttheyarecovertlysomewhatpatronizedbytheMirepoix，ororthodoxOfficialclass。ScandalousEx—JesuitDesfontaines，ThersitesFreron，——thesearebuttypesofanendlessDoggery；
whosenamesandworksshouldbeblottedout；whoseoneclaimtomemoryis，thattheridingmansooftenangrilysprangdown，andtriedhorsewhippingthemintosilence。Avainattempt。
Theindividualhoundflieshowling，abjectlypetitioningandpromising；buttherestbarkallwithnewcomfort，andevenhestartsagainstraightway。Itisbadtravellinginthosewoods，withsuchLionsandsuchDogs。AndthenthesparselyscatteredHUMANCreatures（sowemaycallthemincontrast，personsofQualityformostpart）arenotalwayswhattheyshouldbe。
Thegrandmansionsyouarriveat，inthiswaste—howlingsolitude，provesometimesessentiallyRobber—towers；——andtheremaybeArmidaPalaces，anddivine—lookingArmidas，whereyourultimatefateisstillworse。
’Quelemondeestremplid’enchanteurs，jenedisriend’enchanteresses！’
Tothinkofit，thesolitaryIshmaelitejourneying，neversowellmounted，throughsuchawilderness:withlions，dogs，humanrobbersandArmidasallabouthim；himselflonely，friendlessunderthestars:——onecouldpityhimwithal，thoughthatisnotthefeelinghesolicits；norgetshitherto，evenatthisimpartialdistance。
"OneofthebeautifulcreaturesofQuality，——wehope，notanArmida，——whocameathwartVoltaire，inthesetimes，wasaMadameduChatelet；distinguishedfromalltheothersbyaloveofmathematicsandthepuresciences，wereitnothingelse。Shewasstillyoung，underthirty；theliterarymanstillunderforty。
WithherHusband，towhomshehadbroughtachild，orcoupleofchildren，therewasnoformalquarrel；buttheywerelivingapart，neithermuchheedingtheother，aswasbynomeansacasewithoutexampleatthattime；Monsieursoldiering，andphilanderingabout，ingarrisonorelsewhere；Madame，inalikehumor，doingthebestforherselfinthehighcirclesofsociety，towhichheandshebelonged。Mostwearisomebarrencirclestoapersonofthought，asbothsheandM。deVoltaireemphaticallyadmittedtooneanother，onfirstmakingacquaintance。Butistherenohelp？
"Madamehadtriedthepuresciencesandphilosophies，inBooks:
buthowmuchmorecharming，whentheycometoyouasaHumanPhilosopher；handsome，magnanimous，andthewittiestmanintheworld！YoungMadamewasnotregularlybeautiful；butshewasverypiquant，radiant，adventurous；understoodotherthingsthanthepuresciences，andcouldbeabundantlycoquettishandengaging。
Ihaveknownherscuttleoff，onanevening，withacoupleofadventurousyoungwivesofQuality，totheremotelodgingofthewittyM。deVoltaire，andmakehisdimeveningradianttohim。
[OneofVoltaire’sLetters。]Thenagain，inpubliccrowds，Ihaveseenthem；obligedtodismounttotheperilofMadame’sdiamonds，therebeingajamofcarriages，andnogettingforwardforhalftheday。Inshort，theyarebecomingmoreandmoreintimate，totheextremestdegree；and，scorningtheworld，thankHeaventhattheyaremutuallyindispensable。Cannotwegetawayfromthisscurvywasp’s—nestofaParis，thoughtthey，andlivetoourselvesandourbooks？
"Madamewasofhighquality，oneoftheBreteuils；butwaspoorincomparison，andherHusbandthelike。AnoldChateauoftheirs，namedCirey，standsinapleasantenoughlittlevalleyinChampagne；butsodilapidated，gauntandvacant，nobodycanliveinit。Voltaire，whoisbythistimeamanofamplemoneys，furnishestherequisitecash；Madameandhe，insweetsymphony，concerttheplans:Cireyisrepaired，atleastpartsofitare，intoaboudoirofthegods，regardlessofexpense；nothingeverseensotasteful，somagnificent；andthetwowithdrawthithertostudy，inpeace，whatsciences，pureandother，theyhaveamindto。Theyarerecognizedaslovers，bytheParisianpublic，withlittleaudiblecensurefromanybodythere，——withnoneatallfromtheeasyHusband；whooccasionallyevenvisitsCirey，ifhebepassingthatway；andiscontenttotakemattersashefindsthem，withoutlookingbelowthesurface。[See（whosoeveriscurious）
MadamedeGrafigny，ViePriveedeVoltaireetdeMadameduChatelet（Paris，1820）。AsixmonthsofactualLetterswrittenbypoorGrafigny，whileshelteringatCirey，WinterandSpring，1738—1739；straitenedthereinvariousrespects，——extremelyilloffforfuel，amongotherthings。
RuggedpracticalLetters，shadowingouttous，unconsciouslyoftenest，andlikeaverymirror，thesplendidandthesordid，theseamysideandthesmooth，ofLifeatCirey，inherexperienceofit。Published，fourscoreyearsafter，undertheabovetitle。]
FortheTenCommandmentsareatasingularpassincultivatedFranceatthisepoch。Suchillicit—idyllicformoflifehasbeentheformofVoltaire’ssince1733，"——forsomethreeyearsnow，whenFriedrichandwefirstmakeacquaintancewithhim。"Itlastedaboveadozenyearsmore:anillicitmarriageafteritssort，andsubjectonlytotheliabilitiesofsuch。PerhapswemaylookinupontheCireyHousehold，ourselves，atsomefuturetime；and"——
ThisEditorhopesnot！
"Madameadmitsthatforthefirsttenyearsitwas，onthewhole，sublime；aperfectEdenonEarth，thoughstormynowandthen。
[LettresIneditesdeMadamelaMarquiseduChastelet；
auxquellesonajointuneDissertation（&c。ofhers）:
Paris，1806。]Aftertenyears，itbegantogrowdecidedlydimmer；