——Enough。
Aboutfourmonthsbeforethistime，Elliothaddoneafeat，notintheDiplomaticlineatall，orbyhisownchoiceatall，whichhadconsiderablyastonishedtheDiplomaticworldatBerlin，andwasdoubtlesswellintheKing’sthoughtsduringthisintroductionoftheDozen。TheAmericanWarisragingandblunderingalong，——adelectableLordGeorgeGermaine（ALIASSackville，nootherthanouroldMindenfriend）managingasWar—Minister，othersequallyskilfulpresidingattheParliamentaryhelm；allbecomingworseandworseoff，asthematterproceeds。TherevoltedColonieshavetheirFranklins，Lees，busyinEuropeanCourts:"Helpusinournoblestruggle，yeEuropeanCourts；，nowisyourchanceontyrannousEngland！"TowhichFranceatleastdoesappeartobelendingear。
Lee，turnedoutfromVienna，isatworkinBerlin，thiswhilepast；
makingwhatprogressisuncertaintosomepeople。
IknownotwhetheritwasbymyLordSuffolk’sinstigation，orwhathadputtheBritannicCabinetonsuchanidea，——perhapsthestolenLettersofFriedrich，whichshowsoexactaknowledgeofthecurrentofeventsinAmericaaswellasEngland（"knowseverystepofit，asifheweretherehimself，theArch—Enemyofhonestneighborsinatimeofstress！"）——butitdoesappeartheyhadgotitintotheirsagaciousheadsthatthebadneighboratBerlinwas，ineffect，theArch—Enemy，probablymainspringofthewholematter；
andthatitwouldbeinthehighestdegreeinterestingtoseeclearlywhatLeeandhehadonhand。OrderthereupontoElliot:
"Doit，atanyprice；"andfinally，asmerepricewillnotanswer，"Doitbyanymethod，——STEALLee’sDespatch—Boxforus！"
PerhapsfewExcellencieslivinghadlessappetiteforsuchajobthanElliot；buthisOrderswereperemptory，"Leeisarebel，quasi—outlaw；andyoumust！"Elliotthereupontookaccuratesurveyofthematter；andrapidlyenough，andwithperfectskill，thoughstillanoviceinBerlinaffairs，managedtodoit。Privilyhired，ormadehisservanthire，thechiefHousebreakerorPickpocketintheCity:"LeelodgesinsuchandsuchaHostelry；bringushisRed—Boxforathirtyhours；itshallbewellworthyourwhile！"
AndinbriefspacetheRed—Boxarrives，accordingly；ascoreortwoofready—writerswaitingforit，whocopyallday，allnight，atthetopoftheirspeed，tilltheyhaveenough:whichdone，theLeeRed—BoxisleftonthestairsoftheLeeTavern；Boxlockedagain，andcomplete；onlytheFriedrich—LeeSecretscompletelypumpedoutofit，andnowrushingdayandnighttowardsEngland，toilluminatetheSupremeCouncil—Boardthere。
ThisastonishingmassofpapersisstillextantinEngland；[IntheEDEN—HOUSEARCHIVES；whereanaturaldelicacy（unawarethatthequestionableLegationaryFACTstandsinprintforsomanyyearspast）isproperlyaversetoanypromulgationofthem。]——theoutsideofthemIhaveseen，bynomeanstheinside，hadIwishedit；——butamabletosayfromothersources，whichareopentoalltheworld，thatseldomhadaSupremeCouncil—Boardprocuredforitself，byimproperorproperways，aDiscoveryoflessvalue！DiscoverythatLeehasindeedbeenurgentatBerlin；andhasraisedinFriedrichthequestion，"HaveyougottosuchaconditionthatIcan，withsafetyandadvantage，makeaTreatyofCommercewithyou？"——ThathisMinisterSchulenburghas，byOrder，beeninvestigatingLeeonthathead；andhasreported，"No，yourMajesty，LeeandPeoplearenotinsuchacondition；"thathisMajestyhasreplied，"Well，lethimwaittilltheyare；"andthatLeeiswaitingaccordingly。
Ingeneral，ThathisMajestyisnotlessconcernedinguidanceorencouragementoftheAmericanWarthanheisindittooftheAtlanticTidesoroftheEast—Wind（thoughhedoeskeepbarometersandmeteorologicalapparatusbyhim）；andthatweoftheCouncil—
Boardarea——whatshallIsay！NotsincethecaseofpoorDr。
Cameron，in1753，whenFriedrichwastohavejoinedtheHighlanderswith15，000chosenPrussiansforJacobitepurposes，——andtheChamofTartarytohavetakenpartintheBangorianControversy，——wasthereamoreperfectplatitude，oradeeperdepthofignoranceastoadjacentobjectsonthepartofGoverningMen。Forshame，myfriends！——
ThissurprisingbitofBurglary，sofarasIcangatherfromthePrussianBooks，musthavebeendoneonWEDNESDAY，JUNE25th，1777；
Box（withessencepumpedout）restoredtostaircasenightofThursday，——Policealreadybusy，GovernorRaminandJustice—
PresidentPhilippialreadyapprised，andsuspicionfallingontheEnglishMinister，——whoseServant（"ArresthimwecannotwithoutaKing’sWarrant，onlyprocurableatPotsdam！"）vanishesbodily。
Friday，27th，RaminandPhilippimakereport；Kinganswers，"greatlyastonished:"a"GARSTIGESACHE（uglyBusiness），whichwilldotheEnglishnohonor:""Servantfled，sayyou？Traceittothebottom；swift！"ExcellencyElliot，seeinghowmatterslay，ownedhonestlytotheOfficialPeople，ThatitwashisServant（Servantsafegone，ChiefPickpocketnotmentionedatall）；SUNDAYEVENING，29th，Kingordersthereupon，"Letthematterdrop。"TheseOfficialPieces，signedbytheKing，byHertzberg，Raminandothers，wedonotgive:hereisFriedrich’sownnoticeofittohisBrotherHenri:——
"POTSDAM，29thJUNE，1777……TherehasjustoccurredastrangethingatBerlin。Threedaysago，inabsenceoftheSieurLee，EnvoyoftheAmericanColonies，theEnvoyofEnglandwent[sent！]totheInnwhereLeelodged，andcarriedoffhisPortfolio；itseemshewasinfear，however，andthrewitdown，withoutopeningit，onthestairs[alas，no，yourMajesty，nottillafterpumpingtheessenceout]。AllBerlinistalkingofit。Ifoneweretoactwithrigor，itwouldbenecessarytoforbidthismantheCourt，sincehehascommittedapublictheft:but，nottomakeanoise，Isuppressthething。Sha’n’tfail，however，towritetoEnglandaboutit，andindicatethattherewasanotherwayofdealingwithsuchamatter，fortheyareimpertinent"（say，ignorant，blindasmoles，yourMajesty；thatisthecharitablereading！）。[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvi。394。InPREUSS，v。（hecallsit"iv。"
or"URKUNDENBUCHtovol。iv。，"butitisreallyandpracticallyvol。v。）278，279，arethevariousOfficialReports。]
ThiswasnotExcellencyElliot’sBurglary，asreaderssee，——amongalltheExcellenciesgoing，Iknownotthatthereisonewithlessnaturalappetiteforsuchajob；butsometimeswhatcananecessitousExcellencydo？ElliotisstillrememberedinBerlinsociety，notforthisonly，butforemphaticthingsofabettercomplexionwhichhedid；amanmorejustlyestimatedthere，thangenerallyhereinourtime。HerehischieffamerestsonawittyAnecdote，evidentlyapocryphal，andmanufacturedintheLondonClubs:"WhoisthisHyder—Ali，"saidtheoldKingtohim，oneday（accordingtotheLondonClubs）。"Hm，"answeredElliot，withexquisitepromptitude，politenessandsolidityofinformation，"C’ESTUNVIEUXVOLEURQUICOMMENCEARADOTER（Anoldrobber，nowfallingintohisdotage），"——lethisdotardMajestytakethat。
Alas，myfriends！——Ignorancebyherselfisanawkwardlumpishwench；notyetfallenintoviciouscourses，nortobeuncharitablytreated:butIgnoranceandInsolence，——theseare，forcertain，anunlovelyMotherandBastard！Yes；——andtheymaydependuponit，thegrimParish—beadlesofthisUniverseareoutonthetrackofthem，andoakumandthecorrection—houseareinfalliblesoonerorlater！
ThecleverElliot，whoknewahawkfromahernshaw，neverflounderedintothatplatitude。This，however，isajokeofhis，betterorworse（Ithink，onhisquittingBerlinin1782，withoutvisibleresourceoroutlook）:"IamfarfromhavingaSans—Souci，"
writeshetotheEdens；"andIthinkIamcomingtobeSANS
SIX—SOUS。"——HerestillaretwosmallFractions，whichImustinsert；andthenrigorouslyclose。KaiserJoseph，inthesemonths，istravellingthroughFrancetoinstructhisImperialmind。
ThefollowingisfiveweeksanteriortothatofLee’sRed—Box:——
1。ABITOFDIALOGUEATPARIS（Saturday，17thMay，1777）。
AftersolemnSessionoftheACADEMIEFRANCAISE，heldinhonorofanillustriousCOMTEDEFALKENSTEIN（privately，KaiserJosephII。），whohascometolookatFrance，[MinuteandratherentertainingAccountofhisproceduresthere，andespeciallyofhistwoVisitstotheAcademy（firstwasMay10th），inMayer，ReisenJosephsII。（Leipzig，1778），pp。112—132，147etseq。]——ComtedeFalkensteinwasgraciouslypleasedtostepuptoD’Alembert，whoisPerpetualSecretaryhere；andthislittleDialogueensued:——
FALKENSTEIN。"IhaveheardyouareforGermanythisseason；
somesayyouintendtobecomeGermanaltogether？"
D’ALEMBERT。"IdidpromisemyselfthehighhonorofavisittohisPrussianMajesty，whohasdeignedtoinviteme，withallthekindnesspossible:but，alas，forsuchhopes！Thebadstateofmyhealth——"
FALKENSTEIN。"ItseemstomeyouhavealreadybeentoseetheKingofPrussia？"
D’ALEMBERT。"Twotimes；oncein1756[1755，17th—19thJune，——ifyouwillbeexact]，atWesel，whenIremainedonlyafewdays；
andagainin1763，whenIhadthehonortopassthreeorfourmonthswithhim。SincethattimeIhavealwayslongedtohavethehonorofseeinghisMajestyagain；butcircumstanceshinderedme。
I，aboveall，regrettednottohavebeenabletopaymycourttohimthatyearhesawtheEmperoratNeisse，——butatthismomentthereisnothingmoretobewishedonthathead"（Don’tbow:theGentlemanisINCOGNITO）。
FALKENSTEIN。"ItwasverynaturalthattheEmperor，young，anddesiringtoinstructhimself，shouldwishtoseesuchaPrinceastheKingofPrussia；sogreataCaptain，aMonarchofsuchreputation，andwhohasplayedsogreatapart。ItwasaScholargoingtoseehisMaster"（thesearehisverywords，yourMajesty）。
D’ALEMBERT。"IwishM。leComtedeFalkensteincouldseetheLetterswhichtheKingofPrussiadidmethehonortowriteafterthatInterview:itwouldthenappearhowthisPrincejudgedoftheEmperor，asalltheworldhassincedone。"["D’AlemberttoFriedrich[inOEuvresdeFrederic，xxv。75]，23dMay，1777。"Ib。xxv。82；"13thAugust，1777。"]
KINGTOD’ALEMBERT（threemonthsafter。Kaiserishome；
passedFerney，earlyinAugust；anddidnotcallonVoltaire，asiswellknown）……"IheartheComtedeFalkensteinhasbeenseeingharbors，arsenals，ships，manufactures，andhasn’tseenVoltaire。
HadIbeenintheEmperor’splace，IwouldnothavepassedFerneywithoutaglanceattheoldPatriarch，wereitonlytosaythatI
hadseenandheardhim。Arsenals，ships，manufactures，theseyoucanseeanywhere；butitrequiresagestoproduceaVoltaire。
BytherumorsIhear，itwillhavebeenacertaingreatLadyTheresa，veryOrthodoxandlittlePhilosophical，whoforbadeherSontovisittheApostleofTolerance。"
D’ALEMBERT（inanswer）:"NodoubtyourMajesty’sguessisright。
ItmusthavebeentheLadyMother。NobodyherebelievesthattheadvicecamefromhisSister[QueenMarieAntoinette]，who，theysay，isfullofesteemforthePatriarch，andhasmorethanoncelethimknowitbythirdparties。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxv。84。]
AccordingtoFriedrich，Joseph’sreflectionsinFrancewereverygloomy:"ThisisalloneCountry；strenuouslykneadedintoperfectunionandincorporationbytheOldKings:mydiscordantRomishReichisofmanyCountries，——andshouldbeofone，ifSovereignswerewiseandstrenuous！"[OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。125。]
2。ACABINET—ORDERANDACTUAL（fac—simile）SIGNATUREOF
FRIEDRICH’S。——Afterunknowntravelsovertheworld，thispoorbrownBitofPaper，withaSignatureofFriedrich’stoit，haswanderedhither；andIhavehaditcopied，worthyornot。ARoyalCabinet—
Orderonthesmallestofsubjects；butperhapsallthemoresignificantonthataccount；andaSignaturewhichreadersmayliketosee。
Fordan，orFordon，isintheBrombergDepartmentinWestPreussen，——Brombergnolongeraheapofruins；butalively，new—built，paved，CANALLEDandindustrioustradingTown。AtFordanisaGrain—
Magazine:Bein（"Leg，"DERBEIN，astheyslightinglycallhim）isProviant—Masterthere；andmustconsiderhisways，——theKing’seyebeingonhim。Readerscannowlookandunderstand:——
ANDENOBER—PROVIANTMEISTERBEIN，zuFordan。
"POTSDAM，den9tenApril，1777。
"SeinerKoniglicherMajestatvonPreussen，UnserallergnadigsterHerr，lassendemOber—ProviantmeisterBeinhiebeydieGetraide—PreistabelledesBrombergschenDepartmentszufertigen；
WorausderselbeersiehetwieniedrigsolcheaneinigenOrthensind，unddasszuInovraclawundStrezeltnowderScheffelRoggenum12
Groschenkostet:dasolchesnunhiersowohlfeilist，somussjaderPreisinPohlennochwohlgeringer，undistdahernichtabzusehenwarumdiePohlenaufsohohePreisebestehen；derBeinmusssichdahernunrechteMuhegebem，unddenEinkaufsowohlfeilalsnurimmermoglichzumachensuchen。"
"HisRoyalMajestyofPreussen，Ourmostall—graciousLord，letsherewith，totheHeadProviant—MasterBein，theGrain—PricesTableoftheBrombergDepartmentbedespatched；WherefromBeinperceiveshowlowinsomeplacestheseare，andthat，atInovraclawandStrezeltnowtheBushelofRyecostsabout14Pence:now，asitissocheapthere，thepriceinPolandmustbestillsmaller；
andthereforeitisnottobeconceivedwhythePolesdemandsuchhighprices，"asthesaidBeinreports:"Beinthereforeischargedtotakeespecialpains，andtrynottomakethepurchasedearerthanisindispensable。"
FRIEDRICH’SSIGNATUREHERE——PAGE390，BOOKXXI————————
OriginalkindlyfurnishedmebyMr。W。H。Doeg，BarlowMoor，Manchester:whoseitnowis，——purchasedinLondon，A。D。1863。
TheFRHofGermanCURSIV—SCHRIFT（currenthand），whichthewoodcutterhasappended，shutoffbyasquare，willshowEnglishreaderswhattheKingmeans:an"Frh"doneasbyaflourishofone’sstick，inthemostcompendiousandreallyingeniousmanner，——suitableforaneconomicKing，whohastorepeatitscoresoftimeseverydayofhislife！
ChapterVI。
THEBAVARIANWAR。
Attheverybeginningof1778，thechronicquarrelwithAustriapassed，byanaccidentjustfallenout，intotheacutestate；
rosegradually，and，inspiteofnegotiating，issuedinathingcalledBavarian—SuccessionWar，whichdidnotendtillSpringofthefollowingyear。Theaccidentwasthis。AtMunchen，December30th，1777，MaxJosephKurfurstofBaiern，onlyBrotherofourlivelyfriendtheElectress—DowagerofSaxony，died；suddenly，ofsmall—poxunskilfullytreated。Hewasinhisfifty—secondyear；
childless，thelastofthatBavarianbranch。HisHeirisKarlTheodor，Kur—Pfalz（ElectorPalatine），whoisnowtounitetheTwoElectorates，——unlessAustriacanbargainwithhimotherwise。
Austria’sdesiretogetholdofBaiernisofveryoldstanding；
andwehaveheardlatelyhowmuchitwasanobjectwithKaunitzandhisyoungKaiser。WithKarlTheodortheydidbargain，——infact，hadbeforehandasgoodasbargained，——andweregreatlyastonished，whenKingFriedrich，aloneofallTeutschlandortheworld，mildly，butperemptorily，interfered，andsaidNo，——witheffect，asiswellknown。
Something，notmuch，mustbesaidofthisBavarian—SuccessionWar；
whichoccupied，atapitchoftensionandanxietyforeigntohimforalongtime，fifteenmonthsofFriedrich’soldage（January，1778—March，1779）；andfilledallEuroperoundhimandit，inanextraordinarymanner。Something；bynomeansmuch，nowthatwehaveseentheissueofsuchmountainsallintravail。NobodycouldthensaybutitbadefairtobecomeaFourthAustrian—PrussianWar，assanguinaryastheSeven—Yearshadbeen；forineffecttherestoodoncemoretheTwoNationsrankedagainsteachother，asifformortalduel，nearhalfamillionmeninwhole；parleyingindeed，butbrandishingtheirswords，andeverandanongivingmutualclashoffence，asiftheworkhadbegun，thoughtherealwaysintervenednewparleyingfirst。
Andnoweverybodyseesthattheworkneverdidbegin；
thatparleying，enforcedbybrandishing，turnedouttobealltheworktherewas:andeverybodyhasforgottenit，and，exceptforspecificpurposes，demandsnottobeputinmindofit。
Mountainsinlaborwerenotsofrequentthenasnow，whenthePennyNewspaperhasgotchargeofthem；thoughthenasnowtopracticalpeopletheywereanuisance。Mountainsallinterrifictravail—
throes，threateningtooversetthesolarsystem，havealwaysacharm，especiallyforthemorefoolishclasses:butwhenoncethebirthhastakenplace，andthewretchedmouseduckspastyou，orevennothingatallcanbeseentoduckpast，whoistherebutimpatientlyturnsonhisheel？
ThoseTerritories，whichadjoinonitsowndominions，wouldhavebeenextremelycommodioustoAustria；——asAustriaitselfhaslongknown；andbyrepeatedlyattemptingthemonanychancegiven（asin1741—1745，togonofartherback），hasshownhowwellitknows。
Indeed，thewholeofBavariafairlyincorporatedandmadeAustrian，whataninfiniteconveniencewoulditbe！
"DobutlookontheMap[thisNoteisnotbyBusching，butbysomebodyofAustriantendencies]:youwouldsay，AustriawithoutBavariaislikeaHumanFigurewithitsbellybelongingtosomebodyelse。BavariaisthetrunkorbellyoftheAustrianDominions，shuttingoffallthelimbsofthemeachfromtheother；makingforcentralpartahugechasm。
"Ober—Pfalz，——whichusedtobeKur—Pfalz’s，whichisBavaria’ssincewetookitfromtheWinter—Kingandbestoweditinthatway，——Ober—Pfalz，thecountryofAmberg，whereMailleboisoncepleasedtomakeinvasionofus；——doesnotitadjoinontheBohemianForest？
TheRIBSthere，Bohemianall，uptotheshoulder，areours:buttheshoulder—bladeandleftarm，whosearethey！AustriaProperandHungary，thesemaybetakenassitting—partandlowerlimbs，ampleandfleshy；butsee，justabovethepelvis，onthesouthside，howBavariaanditsTyrolsticksitselfinuponAustria，whofanciedshealsohadaTyrol，andfarthemoreimportantone。OurTyrol，ourStyria，Carniola，Carinthia，——Bavariablocksthesein。ThentheSwabianAustria，——Breisach，andthoseUpper—RhineCountries，fromwhichweinvadeFrance，——wecannotreachthemexceptthroughBavarianground。SwabianAustriashouldbeourrightarm，fingersofitreachingintoSwitzerland；Ober—Pfalzourleft:——andastothebroadbreastbetweenthesetwo；leftarmandbroadbreastareBavaria’s，notours。OftheNetherlands，whichmightbecalledgeographicallytheheadofAustria，alas，thelongneck，Lorraine，wasonceours；butwhoseisit？Irrecoverableforthepresent，——
perhapsmaynotalwaysbeso！"
TheseareKaunitz’sideas；andtheyoungKaiserhaseagerlyadoptedthemastheloadstarofhislife。"MaketheReicharealityagain，"
thinkstheKaiser（good，ifonlypossible，thinkwetoo）；
"makeAustriagreat；AustriaistheReich，howelsecantheReichbereal？"
Inpracticalpoliticstheseareratherwildideas；buttheyarereallyKaunitz’sandhisKaiser’s；andwerepersistedinlongafterthisBavarianmattergotitscheck:andasawhole，theygotrepeatedchecks；beingimpossibleall，andfarfromthemeaningofaTimebigwithFrenchRevolution，andwithquiteotherthingsthanworld—greatnesstoAustria，andrejuvenescenceonsuchoronanytermstothepooroldHolyRomanReich，whichhadbeenawiggerysolong。NobodycouldguessofwhatitwasthatFranceortheworldmightbewithchild:nobody，tillthebirthin1789，andevenforagenerationafterwards。Franceisweaklyandunwieldy，hasstrangeenoughlongingsforchalky，inky，visionary，foolishsubstances，andmaybeinthefamily—wayforaughtweknow。
ToKaunitzitisprettyclearthatFrancewillnotstandinhispathinthisfinelittleBavarianbusiness；whichisallhecaresforatpresent。EnglandinwarwithitsColonies；RussiaattentivetoitsTurk；foreignNations，whatcantheydobuttalk；
remonstratemoreorless，astheydidinthecaseofPoland；
andpermitthethingwithprotest？OnlyfromoneSovereignPerson，andfromhimIshouldguessnotmuch，doesKaunitzexpectseriousopposition:fromFriedrichofPrussia；towhomnoenlargementofAustriacanbematterofindifference。"Butcannotweperhapsmakeitworthhiswhile？"thinksKaunitz:"Tush，heisoldandbroken；
thoughttobedying；hasanabsolutehorrorofwar。Hetoowillsitquiet；orwemustmakeitworthhiswhile。"InthiscalculationKaunitzdeceivedhimself；wearenowshortlytoseehow。
Kaunitz’sCase，whenhebringsitbeforetheReich，andgeneralPublicofmankindanditsGazetteers，willbynomeansprovetobeastrongone。HisLaw"TITLE"isthis:——
"ArchdukeAlbertV。，ofAustria，subsequentlyKaiserAlbertII。，hadmarriedElizabeth，onlyDaughterofKaiserSigismundSUPER—
GRAMMATICAM:Albertishewhogotthreecrownsinoneyear，Hungary，Bohemia，RomishReich；and’wehopeafourth，’saytheOldHistorians，’whichwasaheavenlyandeternalone，’——died，inshort（1439，ageforty）。FromhimcomethenowKaisers。
"In1426，thirteenyearsbeforethiseventoftheCrowns，SigismundGRAMMATICAMhadinfeoffedhiminathingstillofshadowynature，——
theExpectancyofaStraubingenPrincedom；pleasantextensiveDistrict，onlynotyetfallen，orlikefallingvacant:’Youshallinherit，youandyours（whoarealsomyown），sosoonasthispresentlineofWittelsbachersdie！’saidKaiserSigismund，solemnly，intwosolemnsheepskins。’Notawhitofit，’wouldtheWittelsbachershaveanswered，hadtheyknownoftheaffair。
’Whenwedieout，thereisanotherLineofWittelsbachers，plentyofotherlines；andHouse—treatiesmanyandold，settlingallthat，withouthelpofyouandAlbertoftheThreeCrowns！’
Andaccordinglytherehadnevercometheleastfruit，orattemptatfruit，fromthesetwoSigismundSheepskins；whichwerestilllyingintheViennaArchives，wheretheyhadlainsincethecreationofthem，knowntoanAntiquaryortwo，butnotevenbythemthoughtworthyofmentioninthisbusyworld。ThiswasliterallyalltheclaimthatAustriahad；andeveryby—standeradmittedittobe，initself，notwortharush。"
"Initselfperhapsnot，"thoughtKaunitz；"butthefreeconsentofKarlTheodortheHeir，willnotthatbeaTitleinfull？Onewouldhopeso；inthepresentstateofEurope:France，England，Russia，everyNationwelteringoverheadinitsowntroublesandaffairs，littleatleisureforours！"AnditiswithKarlTheodor，tomakeoutafullTitleforhimselfthere，thatKaunitzhasbeensecretlybusythislongtimeback，especiallyinthelatecriticaldaysofpoorKurfurstMax。
KarlTheodorofthePfalz，nowfallenHeirtoBaiern，isapooridlecreature，ofpurelyegoistic，ornamental，dilettantenature；
sunkintheatricals，bastardchildrenandthelike；muchpraisedbyVoltaire，whosometimesusedtovisithim；andbyCollini，towhomheisakindmaster。KarlTheodorcareslittlefortheintegrityofBaiern，muchforthatofhisownskin。Verylongago，in1742，inpoorKaiserKarl’sCoronationtime，wesawhimwedded，himandanother，totwofairSisterSulzbachPrincesses，[Supra，viii。
119。]Grand—daughtersofoldKarlPhilip，thethenKur—Pfalz，whomhehasinherited。Itwasthelastactofthatnever—restingoldKarlPhilip，ofwhomweusedtohearsomuch:"KarlTheodortohaveoneofmyinestimableGrand—daughters；DukeClement，youngerBrotherofourblessednewKaiser，tohaveanother；therebyweunitethekindredbranchesofthePfalz—BaiernFamilies，andmaketheassuranceoftheHeritagesdoublysure！"saidoldKarlPhilip；
anddiedhappy，orthehappiesthecould。
Readersnodoubthaveforgottenthiscircumstance；and，intheirtotallackofinterestinKarlTheodorandhispaltryaffairs，mayaswellberemindedofit；——andfurthermore，thatthesebrilliantyoungWives，"DuchessClement"especially，calledonWilhelminaduringtheFrankfurtGayeties，andwereacharmtoKaiserKarlAlbert，strivingtolookforwardacrosscloudsintoaglitteringfutureforhisHouse。Theodor’sPrincessbroughthimnochildren；
sheandherSisterarebothstillliving；alonewomanthelatter（DukeClementdeadthesesevenyears），——astillmorelonetheformer，withsuchaHusbandyetliving！Lonewomenboth，wellforwardinthefifties；activesouls，Ishouldguess，atleasttojudgebyDuchessClement，whobeingaDowager，andmistressofhermovements，isemphaticindenouncingsuchdisasteranddisgrace；
andplaysagreatpart，atMunchen，intheagitatingscenesnowonhand。Comesout"likeanobleAmazon，"saytheadmiringby—
standers，onthisoccasion；stirswhateverfacultyshehas，especiallyhertongue；andgoesonurging，pushingandcontrivingallshecan，regardlessofrisksinsuchanimminency。
KarlTheodorfindshisHeritagesindisputable；buthehasnoLegitimateSontoleavethemto；andhasmanyIllegitimate，whomAustriacanprovidefor，——andrichlywill。HisHeirisaNephew，KarlAugustChristian，ofZweibruck；whomperhapsitwouldnotbepainfultohimtodisappointalittleofhishighexpectations。
Onthewhole，Peace；plentifulprovision，titularandother，forhisIllegitimates；andacomfortablesumofreadymoneyover，toenliventheTheatricals，DusseldorfPicture—GalleriesandDilettanteoperationsandCollections，——howmuchwelcomertoTheodorthanaBaiernneversoreligiouslysavedentireattheexpenseofquarrel，whichcannotbutbetedious，troublesomeanddangerous！Honor，indeed——butwhat，toanoldstagerinthedilettanteline，ishonor？Oldstagerstherearewhowillowntoyou，likeBalzac’sEnglishmaninacaseofconflagration，whenhonorcalledonallmentotaketheirbuckets，"MAISJEN’AIPOINT
D’HONNEUR！"Towhom，unluckily，youcannotanswerasinthatcase，"C’ESTEGAL，’Tisallone；doasifyouhadsome！"KarlTheodorscandalouslyleftBaierntoitsfate。
KarlTheodor’sHeir，poorAugustChristianofZweibruck，hadofcoursehisowngloomythoughtsonthisparcellingofhisBavarianreversion:butwhatpowerhashe？None，hethinks，buttotaketheinevitablepatiently。NorgenerallyinthePrincesoftheReich，thoughonewouldhavethoughtthempersonallyconcerned，wereitonlyfordangerofalikemistreatment，wasthereanyemotionpubliclyexpressed，ortheleasthopeofhelp。"PerhapsPrussiawillquarrelaboutit？"thinkthey:"Austria，Prussia，inanyoftheirquarrelswegetonlycrushed；bettertokeepoutofit。
Wewelloutofit，themoretheyquarrelandfight，thebetterforus！"England，intheshapeofHanover，wouldperhapshavemadesomeefforttointerfere，providedFrancedid:oneitherside，Iinclinetothink，——thatistosay，onthesideoppositetoFrance。ButpoorEnglandisengagedwithitsmelancholyAmericanWar；FranceonthepointofbreakingoutintoAlliancewiththeInsurrectionthere。
NeitherFrancenorEnglanddidinterfere。Franceissinkingintobankruptcy；intenttohaveaNavybeforemostthings；toassisttheCauseofHumanLibertyoverseaswithal，andbecomeasublimespectacle，andaruintoEngland，——notasinthePitt—Choiseultime，butbythatimprovedmethod。Russia，againinvolvedinTurkbusiness，lookson，withnowandthenabigwordthrownoutontheonesideandtheother。——Munchen，intheinterval，wecanfancywhatanagitatedCity！OneNotesays:——
"KurfurstMaxJosephbeingdead（30thDecember，1777），PrivyCouncillorJohannEucharvonObermayr，favoriteandfactotumMinisteroftheDeceased，openedtheChatoulle[PrincelySafe，orCaseofPreciosities]；tookfromittheAct，whichalreadylayprepared，forHomagingandsolemnInstalmentofKarlTheodorKur—Pfalz，asheirofBaiern；withimmediateintenttoexecutethesame。EucharordersstrictclosureoftheTown—gates；theSoldierytodrawout，andbesetallstreets，——especiallythatstreetwhereImperialMajesty’sAmbassadorlives:’RankclosewithyourbackstothatHouse，’ordersEuchar；’andtheinstantanybodystirstocomeout，soundyourdrums，and，atthesameinstant，lettherearmostrankofyou，withoutlookinground[foronewouldnotgiveoffence，unlessimperative]smitethebuttsoftheirmusketstotheground’
（readyforfiring，IFimperative）。Nobody，Ithink，stirredoutfromthatAustrianExcellency’sHouse；inanycase，ObermayrcompletedhisActwithouttheleastprotestortroublefromanybody；andKarlTheodor，almosttohisterror[forhemeanttosell，andsatisfyAustria，bynomeanstoresistorfight，thepaltryoldcreature，carefulofselfandskinonly]，sawhimselfsolemnlysecuredbyallformsoflawinalltheLandsoftheDeceased。
[Fischer，GeschichteFriedrichsdesZweiten
（Halle，1787），ii。358。]
"KaiserJoseph，inafumeatthis，shotoffanexpresstoBohemia:
’Suchandsuchregiments，tenortwelveofyou，withyourartilleryandtools，marchinstantlyintoStraubingen，andoccupythatTownandDistrict。’AtVienna，totheKarl—TheodorAmbassador，theKaunitzOfficialswerealtogetherloud—voiced，minatory:’Whatisthis，HerrExcellenz？Bargainalreadymade；lyingreadyformeresignature；andatMunchensuchdoings。SignthisBargain，ortherecrossyourfrontier60，000Austrianmen，andseizebothBaiernandtheOber—Pfalz；bethinkyou，Herr！’ThepoorHerrbethoughthim，whatcouldhedo？signedtheBargain，KarlTheodorsanctioning，3dJanuary，1778，——thefourthdayafterObermayr’sHomagingfeat；——andcompletesthefirstactofthisbadbusiness。TheBargain，onTheodor’sside，wasofthemostliberalkind:AllandsundrytheLandsandCirclesofDukeJohannofStraubingen，LordshipofMindelheim[Marlborough’soldPlace]superadded，andIknownotwhatelse；SovereigntyoftheFiefsinOber—PfalztolapsetotheCrownofBohmenonmydecease。"HalfBavaria，orbetter；
somereckonitasgoodastwo—thirds。
ThefigureofDuchessClement，Amazoninhair—powder，driviugincessantlyaboutamongtheofficialitiesandaristocraticcircles；thisandtheorderof"Rattleyourmusketsontheground；"
letthesetwofeaturesrepresenttoustheMunchenofthosemonths。
Munchen，Regensburg，Viennaareloudwithpleading，protocolling；
butitisnottherethatthecrisisofthegamewillbefoundtolie。
Friedrichhas，forsometimeback，especiallysincethelateKur—
Baiern’sillness，understoodthatAustria，alwayseagerforaclutchatBaiern，hadsomethingofthatkindinview；buthisfirstpositivenewsofitwasaLetterfromDuchessClement（date，JANUARY3d），which，bythedetailoffacts，unveiledtohisquickeyethetrueoutline，extentandnatureofthisEnterpriseofAustria’s；Enterprisewhich，hecouldnotbutagreewithDuchessClement，wasoneofgreatconcernmentnottoBaiernalone。
"Mustbewithstood；prevented，atwhateverrisk，"thoughtFriedrichontheinstant:"ThenewElector，KarlTheodor，heprobablyisdeadtothematter；
butoneoughttoaskhim。Ifheanswer，Dead；
thenaskhisHeir，Haveyounolifetoit？"Heirisagallantenoughyounggentleman，ofendlesspedigree，butsmallpossessions，"KarlAugustChristian[KarlII。inOfficialstyle]，DukeofZweibruck—Birkenfeld，"
KarlTheodor’seldestNephew；
FriedrichjudgesthatheprobablywillhavehaggledtosignanyAustrianconventionfordismemberingBaiern，andthathewillstartintolifeuponitsosoonasheseeshope。
"Amessengertohim，toKarlTheodorandhim，"thinksFriedrich:
"amessengerinstantly；andwho？"Forthatclearlyisthefirstthing。Andadelicatethingitis；requiringtobedoneinprofoundestsecrecy，byhintandinnuendoratherthanspeech；
bysomebodyinacloakofdarkness，whoisofadroitquality，andwasneverheardofindiplomaticcirclesbefore，nottobesuspectedofhavingbusinessofmineonhand。FriedrichbethinkshimthatinalatevisittoWeimar，hehadnoticed，forhisfinequalities，ayounggentlemannamedGortz；EustacevonGortz，[Preuss，iv。92n。&c。]lateTutortotheyoungDuke（KarlAugust，whomreadersknowasGoethe’sfriend）:
awise，firm，adroit—lookingyounggentleman；whowasfartherinterestingasBrothertoLieutenant—GeneralvonGortz，arespectablesoldierofFriedrich’s。
Ex—TutoratWeimar，wesay，andidleforthemoment；hangingaboutCourtthere，tillheshouldfindanewfunction。
OfthisEx—TutorFriedrichbethinkshim；andinthecourseofthatsameday，——forthereisnodelay，——Friedrich，whoisatBerlin，beckonsGeneralGortztocomeovertohimfromPotsdaminstantly。
"Hitherthisevening；andinallprivacymeetmeinthePalaceatsuchanhour"（hourofmidnightorthereby）；whichofcourseGortz，dulyinvisibletomankind，does。Friedrichexplains:AnerrandtoMunchen；perfectlysecret，forthemoment，andrequiringgreatdelicacyandaddress；perhapsnotwithoutrisk，atimorousmanmightsay:willyourBrothergoforme，thinkyou？Gortzthinkshewill。"HereishisInstruction，ifso，"addstheKing，handinghimanAutographofthenecessaryoutlineofprocedure，——notsigned，norwithanycredential，orevenspecificaddress，lestaccidenthappen。"Adieuthen，HerrGeneral—Lieutenant；ruleis，shoesofswiftness，cloakofdarkness:adieu！"AndGortzSeniorisoffontheinstant，careeringtowardsWeimar，wherehefindsGortzJunior，andmakesknownhiserrand。GortzJuniorstaresinthenaturalastonishment；but，aftersomeintensebriefdeliberation，becomesaffirmative，andinaminimumoftimeisreadyandontheroad。
GortzJuniorprovedtohavebeenanexcellentchoiceontheKing’spart；andcametogoodpromotionafterwardsbyhisconductinthisaffair。GortzJuniorstartedforMunchenontheinstant，maskedutterly，orhisbusinessmasked，fromprofaneeyes；sawthisperson，sawthat，andglidedswiftlyabout，swiftlyandwithsureaim；andspeedilykindledthematter，andhadsmokerisinginvariouspoints。AndbeforeJanuarywasout，sawtheReichs—DietatRegensburg，muchmorethegeneralGazetteerageeverywhere，seizedofthisaffair，andthrownintoparoxysmsatthesizeandcomplexionofit:saw，infact，aworldgettingintoflame，——
kindledbywhomorwhatnobodycouldguess，foralongtimetocome。Gortzhadgreatrunningaboutinhiscloakofdarkness，andshowedabundanttalentofthekindneeded。Apushing，clear—eyed，stout—heartedman；muchclevernessandsurenessinwhathedidandforboretodo。Hisadventuresweremanifold；hehadmuchtravellingabout:wasatRegensburg，atMannheim；sawmanypersonswhomhehadtojudgeofontheinstant，andspeakfranklyto，orspeakdarkly，orspeaknothing；andhemadenomistake。Oneofhisbestcounsellors，Igather，wasDuchessClement:ofcourseitwasnotlongtillDuchessClementheardsomeinklingofhim；till，insomeofhisgoingsandcomings，hesawDuchessClement，whohailedhimasanangeloflight。Inonejourneymoremysteriousthanever，"hewasthreedaysinvisibleinDuchessClement’sGarden—house。"
"AH，MADAME，QUEN’ETIEZ—VOUSELECTEUR，WhywerenotyouElector！"
writesFriedrichtoheronce:"Weshouldnothaveseenthoseshamefulevents，whicheverygoodGermanmustblushfor，tothebottomofhisheart（DONTTOUTBONALLEMANDDOITROUGIRJUSQU’AU
FONDDUCOEUR）！"[Preuss，iv。94。]
WecannotaffordtheleastnarrativeofGortzandhiscourses:
imagination，fromafewtraits，willsufficientlyconceivethem。
HehadgonefirsttoKarlTheodor’sMinister:"Deadtoit，Ifear；
hasalreadysigned？"Alas，yes。UponwhichtoZweibrucktheHeir’sMinister；whomhisMasterhaddistinctlyorderedtosign，butwho，athisownperil，gallantman，delayed，remonstrated，hadnotyetdoneit；andwasabletoanswer:"Alivetoit，he？Yes，withawitness，weretherehopeintheworld！"——whichthrewGortzuponinstantgalloptowardsZweibruckSchloss，insearchofsaidHeir，theyoungDukeAugustChristian；who，however，hadleftintheinterim（summonedbyhisUncle，onAustrianurgency，toconsentalongwithhim）；butwhomGortz，bydexterityandintuitionofsymptoms，caughtupbytheroad，withwhatamutualjoy！Ashadbeenexpected，AugustChristian，onsightofGortz，withanarmedFriedrichloominginthedistance，tookatonceintonewcoursesandactivities。Fromhim，noconsentnow；farother:TreatywithFriedrich；flatrefusalevertoconsent:applicationtotheReich，applicationeventoFrance，andwhateveragallantyoungfellowcoulddo。
ItwasbyFriedrich’sorderthatheappliedtoFrance；hisyoungerBrother，MaxJoseph，wasasoldierthere，andstrovetobackhiminOfficialandothercircles，——whowereallfriendly，evenzealousforhim；andgavegoodwords，buthadnothingmore。ThisFrenchdepartmentofthebusinesswaslongadelaytoFriedrich’soperations:andinresult，poorMax’sindustrythere，dowhathecould，provedratheraminusquantitythanotherwise。Agoodyoungman，theysay；butnotthemantokindleintoactionhorsesthataredead，——ofwhichhehadexperiencemorethanonceintimecoming。Heisthesamethat，30yearsafter，havingsurvivedhischildlesselderBrother，becameKingMax，firstKingofBaiern；
begotLudwig，secondKing，——who，forhispart，hasbegottenOthoKingofGreece，anddoneotherfeatsstilllessworthmentioning。
AugustChristian’sbehaviorispraisedasexcellent，——passivelyfirmandpolite；thegrandrequisite，persistenceonyourgroundof"No:"——buthisluck，tofindsuchaFriedrich，andalsotofindsuchaGortz，wasthesavingclauseforhim。
Friedrichwasinveryweakhealthinthesemonths；stillconsideredbytheGazetteerstobedying。Butitappearsheisnotyettooweakfortaking，ontheinstantnecessary，aworld—importantresolution；andofbeingontheroadwithit，tothisissueortothat，atfullspeedbeforethedayclosed。"Desist，goodneighbor，Ibeseechyou。Youmustdesist，andevenyoushall:"thisresolutionwasentirelyhisown；asweretheequallypromptarrangementshecontrivedforexecutingit，shouldhardcometohard，andAustriapreferwartodoingjustice。"Excellentmethods，"
saythemostunfriendlyjudges，"whichmustatoncehavethrottledAustriaintocompliance，hadhebeenaspromptinexecutingthem；
——whichhebynomeanswas。Andtherelieshiserrorandfailure；
verylamentable，excusableonlybydecrepitudeofbodyproducingweaknessanddecayofmind。"ThisisemphaticallyandwearisomelySchmettau’sopinion，[F。W。C。GrafvanSchmettau（thisistheELDERSchmettau’sSon，nottheDRESDENER’Swhomweusedtoquote），FELDZUGDERPREUSSISCHENARMEEINBOHMENIMJAHRE1778（Berlin，1789，——simultaneouslyinFrenchtoo，withPlans）:withwhich——asthecompletestAccountbyaneagerWitnessandParticipator——
comparealwaysFriedrich’sown（MEMOIRESDELAGUERREDE1778），inOEuvresdeFrederic，vi。135—208。Schoning（vol。iv。），besideshisownlooseNarrative，orSummary，hasgivenalltheCORRESPONDENCEbetweenHenriandtheKing:——sufficienttoquenchthesharpestappetiteonthissubject。]wholooksatitonlyasamilitaryAdjutant，intentonhonorandrapidfeatsofwar，——
withhowmuchreason，readersnotPrussianormilitaryshalljudgeaswegoon。
Saxony，weoughttomention，wasalsoaggrieved。TheDowager—
ElectressMariaAntoinette，oursprightlyfriend，had，assolesurvivingSisterofthelateKurfurstMax，theundoubtedheirshipofKurfurstMax’s"allodialpropertiesandterritories:"
territories，Ithink，mainlyintheOber—Pfalz（whichareNOT
BavariaProper，butwereacquiredintheThirty—YearsWar），whichareimportantinvalue，andwhichAustria，regardlessofourlivelyfriend，haslaidholdofaslapsedfiefsofBohemia。
ClearlyBohemian，saysAustria；andkeepshold。OurlivelyfriendhereuponmakesoverallherrightsinthatmattertoherSon，thereigningElector；withthecounsel，ifcounselwereneeded，"AskprotectionofKingFriedrich；gowhollywithKingFriedrich。"
Mecklenburgtoohasaninterest。AmongthelapsedfiefsisonetoaDuchycalledofLeuchtenberg；——inregardtowhich，saysMecklenburg，asloudasitcan，"ThatDuchyisnotlapsedatall；
thatisnowmine，witnessthisDocument"（ofavalidtestamentarynature）！Otherclaimswereputin；butthesethree:Zweibruckendlesslyimportant；Saxonyimportanttoo，thoughnotinsuchdegree；Mecklenburgunimportant，butjust，——werealonerecognizedinimpartialquartersasauthenticandworthyofnotice。
OfthepleadingsandproceduresintheReichsDietnoreaderwouldpermitmetospeak，wereIinclined。Enoughtounderstandthattheywentonintheusualvoluminousdull—droningway，crescendoalways；
anddeserve，whatatpresenttheyaresureof，oblivionfromallcreatures。Theimportantthingwas，notthosepleadingsintheReichsDiet，northeAustrianproposalsthereorelsewhere；butthebrandishingofarmsinemittingandalsoinsuccessivelyansweringthesame。AnsweralwaysNobyFriedrich，andsomenewflashofhandledarms，——thephysiognomyofwhichwastheonesignificantpoint，Austria，whichisfarfromreadywitharms，thoughateachfreshpleadingorproposalittriestogiveakindofbrandish，saysmainlythreethings，inessencesomewhatthus。
AUSTRIA:"CannottwoStatesoftheReichcometoamutualunderstanding，asAustriaandBavariahavedone？Andwhathavethirdpartiestosaytoit？"FRIEDRICH:"Much！PartiesoftheReichhavemuchtosaytoit！"（Thisseveraltimeswithvariations。）
AUSTRIA:"Ourrightsseemtousvalid:Zweibruck，Saxony，Mecklenburg，ifaggrieved，cantryintheReichsLaw—Courts。"
FRIEDRICH:"Law—Courts！"withanewbrandish；thatis，setsmoreregimentsonmarch，fromPommerntoWeselallonmarch，toBerlin，toSilesia，towardstheBohemianFrontier。AUSTRIA，bythevoiceofKaunitz:"WewillnotgiveupourrightswithoutsentenceofLaw。
WecannotrecognizetheKingofPrussiaasLaw—Judgeinthismatter。"FRIEDRICH:"TheKingofPrussiaisoftheJury！"
Pulseafterpulse，thisissomethinglikethecoursethingshad，crescendotill，inaboutthreemonths，theygottoaheightwhichwasevidentlyserious。Nay，inthecourseofthepleadingsitbecamemanifestthatontheAustriangroundsofclaim，notMariaTheresacouldbeheirtoStraubingen，butFriedrichhimself:
"IdescendfromThree—CrownAlbert’sDaughter，"saidMariaTheresa。
"AndIfromanelderDaughterofhis，anddonotclaim！"
Friedrichcouldhaveanswered，butdidnot；treatingsuchclaimallalongasmerelycolorableandchimerical，notworthattentioninseriousaffairsoffact。Till，atlength，afteraboutthreemonths，therecomesareallyseriousbrandish。
SUNDAY，APRIL5th，1778，atBerlin，FriedrichholdsreviewofhisArmy，allassembled，equippedandinreadiness；and（inthatupperParole—RoomoftheSchloss）makesthisSpeech，which，notwithoutextraneousintention，wasprintedintheNewspapers:——
FRIEDRICH’SSPEECHTOHISGENERALS。"Gentlemen，Ihaveassembledyouhereforapublicobject。Mostofyou，likemyself，haveoftenbeeninarmsalongwithoneanother，andaregrowngrayintheserviceofourCountry:toallofusiswellknowninwhatdangers，toilsandrenownwehavebeenfellow—sharers。Idoubtnotintheleastthatallofyou，asmyself，haveahorrorofbloodshed:
butthedangerwhichnowthreatensourCountries，notonlyrendersitaduty，butputsusintheabsolutenecessity，toadoptthequickestandmosteffectualmeansfordissipatingattherighttimethestormwhichthreatenstobreakoutonus。
"Idependwithcompleteconfidenceonyoursoldierlyandpatrioticzeal，whichisalreadywellandgloriouslyknowntome，andwhich，whileIlive，Iwillacknowledgewiththeheartiestsatisfaction。
Beforeallthings，Irecommendtoyou，andprescribeasyourmostsacredduty，That，ineverysituation，youexercisehumanityonunarmedenemies；andbecontinuallyattentivethat，inthisrespecttoo，therebethestrictestdiscipline（MANNSZUCHT）keptamongthoseunderyou。
"TotravelwiththepompofaKingisnotamongmywishes:andallofyouareawarethatIhavenopleasureinrichfield—furniture:
butmyincreasingage，andtheweaknessitbrings，rendermeincapableofridingasIdidinmyyouth。Ishall，therefore，beobligedtomakeuseofapost—chaiseintimesofmarching；andallofyouhavelibertytodothesame。Butonthedayofbattleyoushallseemeonhorseback；andthere，also，IhopemyGeneralswillfollowthatexample。"
VOLTAIRESMOTHEREDUNDERROSES。King’sSpeechwasonSunday，April5th，EveningoflastMonday（March30th），attheTheatreFrancaisinParis，poorVoltairehadthatworld—famousapotheosisofhis；
andgot"smotheredunderroses，"ashetermedit。HehadleftFerney（suchtheurgencyofNieceDenisandherunappeasabledesireforasightofParisagain）February5th；arrivedinParisFebruary10th；venturedouttoseehispoorlastTragedy，nottillthesixthnightofit，March30th；wasbeshouted，crowned，raisedtotheimmortalgodsbyarepentantParisworld:"Greatestofmen，——Youwerenotamiscreantandmalefactor，then:onthecontrary，youwereaspiritualHercules，aheroicSonofLight；SlayeroftheNightmareMonsters，andfoulDragonsandDevilsthatwerepreyingonus:toyoushallnotwenowsay，Longlife，withallourthroatsandallourhearts，"——andsoquenchyouatlast！Whichtheymanagedtodo，poorrepentantsouls。ThetotteringwaywornVoltaire，over—
agitatedinthisway，tooktobed；neverroseagain；andonthatdaytwomonthswasdead。[InDUVERNET，andstillbetterinLONGCHAMPETWAGNIERE，ampleaccountoftheseinterestingoccurrences。]Hislightalldone；toKingFriedrich，ortoanyofus，noflashofradiancyfromhimanymoreforever。
APRIL6th，Friedrichgetsonmarch——perhapsabout100，000strong——
forSchonwalde，intheNeisse—Schweidnitzneighborhood；andthere，inthecourseoftheweek，hascantonedhimself，andsitscompletinghismagazinesandappliancesforactualworkofwar。
Thisisaconsiderablebrandish；andagooddealastonishesKaunitzandtheViennapeople，whohavenot10，000atpresentonthoseFrontiers，andnothingwhateverinastateofreadiness。
"Dangerousreally！"Kaunitzadmits；andsetsnewregimentsonmarchfromHungary，fromtheNetherlands，fromallendsoftheEarthwheretheyare。Tempershisowninsolenttalk，too；butstrivestopersuadehimselfthatitis"Menacemerely。Hewon’t；heabhorswar。"KaunitzhadhardlyexaggeratedFriedrich’sabhorrenceofwar；
thoughitturnedouttherewerethingswhichFriedrichabhorredstillmore。
Schonwalde，head—quarterofthisalarmingPrussiancantonment，iscloseonthenewFortressofSilberberg，abeautifulnewimpregnability，lookingintothosevalleysoftheWarta，oftheyoungNeisse，whicharetheroadtoBohemiaorfromit，——wherethePandourtorrentsusedtoissueintothefirstSilesianWars；
whereFriedrichhimselfwasoncetohavebeensnappedup，butwasnotquite，——andonlysangMassasExtemporeAbbot，withTobiasStusche，intheMonasteryofCamenz，accordingtothemythwhichreadersmayremember。NomorecanPandoursissuethatway；
onlyPrussianscanenterin。Friedrich’swindowsintheSchlossofSchonwalde，——whichareonthelefthand，ifyoubetouringinthoseparts，——lookout，directuponSilberberg，andhaveitsbattlementsbetweenthemandthe3—o’clockSun。[Schoning，iv。（IntroductoryPart）。]IntheTownofSilberberg，Friedrichhaswithalamodestlittlelodging，——lodgingstillknown，——wherehecanalightforanhouroranight，inthemultifariousbusinessesthatleadhimtoandfro。"Abeautifulplace，"saysSchoning；"wheretheKingstayedtwelveweeks"ormore；waitingtilltheBavarian—Austriancaseshouldripenbetter。AtSchonwalde，whatwasimportantinhisprivatecircle，heheardofLordMarischal’sdeath，thenofVoltaire’s；nottomentionthatofEnglishPitt，andperhapsothersinterestingtohim。[VoltairediedMay30th；Marischal，May25th；
Pitt，May11th；——andMay4th，intheCantonmenthere，diedGeneralvonRentzel，thesamewho，asLieutenantRentzel，sixtyyearsago，hadtaughtthelittleCrown—Princehisdrill（Rodenbeck，iii。187）。]
"Nowwasthetime，"crySchmettauandtheunfavorable，"whenhemighthavewalkedacrossintoEasternBohemia，intoMahren，whitheryoulike；toViennaitself，andtakenAustriabythethroatatdiscretion:’Dojustice，then，willyou！LetgoBavaria，or——！’
Inhisyoungyears，wouldnothehavedoneso？HisPlan，longsincelaiddown，wasgrand:TomarchintoMahren，leavingSilesiaguarded；nayleavingBohemiatobeinvaded，——forPrinceHenri，andtheSaxons，whoareawillinghandful，andwillcompleteHenrilikewiseto100，000，weretodothat，featthewhile；——MarchintoMahren，ontoViennaifhechose；layingallflat。Infallible，"saytheSchmettaupeople。"Hehadthefireofheadtocontriveitall；
butworndownandgrownold，hecouldnotexecutehisgreatthoughts。"Whichisobviouslyabsurd，Friedrich’sobjectnotbeingtolayAustriaflat，ordriveanimositiestothesanguinarypoint，andkindleallEuropeintowar；butmerelytoextract，withtheminimumofviolence，somethinglikejusticefromAustriaonthisBavarianmatter。Forwhichend，hemayjustlyconsiderslowpressurepreferabletothecuttingmethod。Hisproblemismostticklish，notallowedforbySchmettau。
TheencampmentroundSchonwalde，especiallyastherewasnothingreadythereaboutsontheAustrianside，producedavisibleandgreateffectonthenegotiations；andnotablyalteredthehighKaunitztonetowardsFriedrich。"MusttwogreatCourtsquarrel，then，forthesakeofasmallone？"murmuredKaunitz，plaintivelynow，tohimselfandtotheKing，——totheKingnotinaverydistinctmanner，thoughtohimselftheprincipleislongsinceclearasanaxiominPolitics:"GreatCourtsshouldunderstandoneanother；thenthesmallwouldbelesstroublesome。"ForaquarterofacenturythishasbeentheKaunitzfaith。In1753，whenhemiraculouslyscrewedroundtheFrenchintounionwiththeAustrianstoputdownanupstartPrussia，thiswashisgrandfulcrum，theimmovablerockinwhichthegreatEngineerfixeddownhispoliticalcapstans，andleveredandscrewed。Hedidtriumphantlywindmattersround，——thoughwhethertheymuchprofitedhimwhenround，maybeaquestion。
Butthesamegrandprinciple，inthelaterinstanceofpartitioningPoland，hasitnotprovedeminentlytriumphant，successfulinallpoints？And，doubtless，thisKingofPrussiarecognizesit，ifmadeworthhiswhile，thinksKaunitz。Inaword，Kaunitz’snextutteranceiswonderfullychanged。ThegreatEngineerspeaksalmostlikeaBishoponthisnewtext。"LettheTwoCourts，"sayshe，"putthemselveseachintheother’splace；eachthinkwhatitwouldwant；"andinfacteach，inaChristianmanner，trytodoasitwouldbedoneby！HowtouchinginthemouthofaKaunitz，withsomethingofpathos，ofplaintiveness，almostofunctioninit！
"Thereisnoothermethodofagreeing，"urgeshe:"Warisaterriblemethod，dislikedbybothofus。AustriawishesthisofBavaria；buthisPrussianMajesty’sturnwillcome，perhapsnowis（lethimsayanddetermine）；wewillmakeitworthhiswhile。"
ThisisofAPRIL24th；notablechangesincethecantoningroundSchonwalde。
Germanyatlarge，thoughitlaysosilent，initsbedridcondition，wasingreatanxiety。NeverhadtheHolyRomishReichsuchashockbefore:"MeaningtopartitionuslikePoland？"thoughttheReich，withashudder。"Theycan，bydegrees，iftheythinkgood；
theseTwoGreatSovereigns！"Courage，yourDurchlauchts:oneoftheTwogreatoneshasnotthatinhisthoughts；has，andwillhave，thereverseofthat；whichwillbeyouranchoragesinthestormsoffateforalongtimetocome！Norwasit——aswillshortlyappeartoreaders——Kaunitz’simmediateintentionatall:enoughifpoorwecanbeginit，setitfairlyunderway；letsomeunbornhappierKaunitz，thelastofaseries，completesuchblessedconsummation；
inahappiertime，faroverthepracticalhorizonatpresent。
ThiswedogathertohavebeenKaunitz’srealview；anditthrowsalightonthevexedPartition—of—Polandquestion，andgivesweighttoDohm’sassertion，ThatKaunitzwastheactualbeginnerthere。
WeeksbeforeFriedrichheardofthisremarkableMemorial，andtendaysbeforeitwasbroughttopaper，therecametoFriedrichanotherunexpectedremarkableDocument:aLETTERfromKaiserJosephhimself，whoispersonallyrunningaboutintheseparts，overinBohemia，endeavoringtobringArmymatterstoafooting；andisnodoubtshockedtofindthemstillinsuchbackwardness，withaFriedrichathand。TheKaiser’sLetter，weperceive，ispilot—
balloontotheKaunitzepiscopalDocument，andtoanactualmeetingofPrussianandAustrianMinistersontheBavarianpoint；andhadbeenseentobeasalutarymeasurebyanAustriainalarm。Itasks，astheKaunitzMemorialwill，thoughinanotherstyle，"Musttherebewar，then？Istherenopossibilityleftinnegotiationandmutualconcession？IamyourMajesty’sfriendandadmirer；letustry。"ThiswasanunexpectedanddoubtlessawelcomethingtoFriedrich；whoanswerseagerly，andinanoblestylebothofcourtesyandofbusinesssense:uponwhichtherefollowedtwootherImperialLetterswiththeirtwoRoyalanswers；[InOEuvresdeFrederic，（vi。183—193），ThreesuccessiveLettersfromtheKaiser（ofdates，"Olmutz，""Litau，""Konigsgratz，"
13th—19thApril，1778），withKing’sAnswers（"Schonwalde，"allofthem，and14th—20thApril），——totallywithoutinteresttothegeneralreader。]anddirectlyafterwardsthesmallAustrian—
PrussianCongresswespokeof，FinkensteinandHertzbergonthePrussianpart，CobenzlontheAustrian（CongresssittingatBerlin），whichtriedtoagree，butcouldnot；andtowhichKaunitz’sMemorialofApril24thwasmeantassomehelpfulsprinklingofpresidentialquasi—episcopaloil。
Oilmerely:foritturnedout，KaunitzhadnothoughtatpresentofpartitioningtheGermanReichwithFriedrich；butintendedmerelytokeephisownseizedportionofBaiern，andinreturnforFriedrich’sassentintendedtorecompenseFriedrichwith——infact，withAustria’sconsent，ThatifAnspachandBaireuthlapsedhometoPrussia（asitwaspossibletheymight，thepresentMargraf，Friedrich’sNephew，theLady—CravenMargraf，havingachildlessWife），Prussiashouldfreelyopenthedoortothem！AthingwhichFriedrichnaturallymaintainedtobeinneedofnobody’sconsent，andtolietotallyapartfromthisquestion；butwhichAustriaalwaysconsideredaverygenerousthing，andalwaysreturnedto，withnewtouchesofimprovement，astheirgrandrecipeinthismatter。Sothat，unhappily，theHertzberg—Cobenzltreatyings，Kaiser’sLettersandKaunitz’sepiscopaloil，werewithouteffect，——excepttogainfortheAustrians，whoinfinitelyneededit，delayofabovetwomonths。TheLettersarewithoutgeneralinterest:
but，forFriedrich’ssake，perhapsreaderswillconsenttoaspecimen？HerearepartsofhisFirstLetter:peoplemeaningtobeKings（whichIdoubtnoneofmyreadersare）couldnotdobetterthanreadit，andagainreadit，andacquirethatstyle，firstofknowingthoroughlytheobjectinhand，andthenofspeakingonitandofbeingsilentonit，inatrueandnoblemanner:——
FRIEDRICHTOHISIMPERIALMAJESTY（atOlmutz）。
"SCHONWALDE，14thApril，1778。
"SIREMYBROTHER，——Ihavereceived，withallthesatisfactionpossible，theLetterwhichyourImperialMajestyhashadthegoodnesstowritetome。IhaveneitherMinisternorClerk（SCRIBE）
aboutme；thereforeyourImperialMajestywillbepleasedtoputupwithsuchAnswerasanOldSoldiercangive，whowritestoyouwithprobityandfrankness，ononeofthemostimportantsubjectswhichhaveriseninPoliticsforalongtime。
"NobodywishesmorethanItomaintainpeaceandharmonybetweenthePowersofEurope:buttherearelimitstoeverything；andcasessointricate（EPINEUX）arisethatgoodwillalonewillnotsufficetomaintainthingsinreposeandtranquillity。Permitme，Sire，tostatedistinctlywhatthequestionseemstometobe。ItistodetermineifanEmperorcandisposeathiswilloftheFiefsoftheEmpire。Answerintheaffirmative，and，alltheseFiefsbecomeTIMARS[intheTurkway]，whichareforlifeonly；andwhichtheSultandisposesofagain，onthepossessor’sdeath。Now，thisiscontrarytotheLaws，totheCustomsandConstitutionsoftheGermanEmpire。"——"I，asmemberoftheEmpire，andashaving，bytheTreatyofHubertsburg，re—sanctionedthePeaceofWestphalia，findmyselfformallyengagedtosupporttheimmunities，thelibertiesandrightsoftheGermanicBody。
"This，Sire，istheveritablestateofthings。PersonalinterestI
havenone:butIampersuadedyourMajesty’sselfwouldregardmeasapaltryman，unworthyofyouresteem，shouldIbaselysacrificetherights，immunitiesandprivileges，whichtheElectorsandI
havereceivedfromourAncestors。
"IcontinuetospeaktoyourMajestywiththesamefrankness。
Iloveandhonoryourperson。ItwillcertainlybehardformetofightagainstaPrincegiftedwithexcellentqualities，andwhomI
personallyesteem。But"——Andistherenoremedy？AnspachandBaireuthstandinnoneedofsanction。IconsenttotheCongressproposed:——beingwiththe&c。&c。——F。[OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。187。]
ThesittingsofthislittleCongressatBerlinlastedallthroughMayandJune；tothedisgustofSchmettauandtheardentPrussianmess—rooms，"lyingreadyhere，andforbiddentoact。"FortheAustriansallthewhilewereattheirbusiest，improvingthemoments，marchingcontinuallyhitherwardfromHungary，fromLimburg，fromallendsoftheearth。Bothnegotiatingpartieshadshownamanifestwishtoterminatewithoutwar；andbothmadevariousattemptsorproposalsthatway；Friedrichoffering，inthenameofEuropeanpeace，toyieldtheAustrianssomesmallrimorparingofBavariafromtheedgeadjoiningthem；theAustriansofferingAnspach—Baireuthwithsomeimprovements；——alwaysofferingFriedrichhisownBaireuth—Anspachwithsomenewsauce（asthathemightexchangethoseTerritorieswithSaxonyforafineequivalentintheLausitz，contiguoustohim，whichwasarealimprovementandincrease）:——butasneitherpartywouldintheleastgiveupinessentials，orquitthegroundithadtaken，theresultwasnothing。Weekafterweek；somanyweeksarebeinglosttoFriedrich；gainedtoAustria:Schmettaugettingmoreandmoredisgusted。
Friedrichstillwaited；notinallpointsquitereadyyet，hesaid，northefutilediplomaciesquitecomplete；——evidentlyinthehighestdegreeunwillingtocometothecuttingpoint，andbeginaWarwhichnobodycouldseetheendof。Manythingshetried；
Peacesoprecioustohim，tryandagaintry。AllthroughJunetoo，thiswenton；theresultalwayszero，——obviouslycertaintobeso。
AsevenFriedrichhadatlasttoowntohimself；andlikewisethattheCampaignseasonwasebbingaway；andthatifhisgrandMoravianschemewastobetriedonAustria，therewasnotnowamomenttolose。
Friedrich’sultimateproposal，newmodificationofwhatallhisproposalshadbeen，"ToyousomethinrimofBaiern；toSaxonyandMecklenburgsomeETCETERAofindemnity，moneychiefly（moneyalwaystobepaidbyKarlTheodor，whohasleftBaiernopentothespoilerinthisscandalousmanner），"wasofJune13th；Austriansfortendaysmeditatingonit，andespeciallygettingforwardtheirArmymatters，answer，June24th"Nowewon’t。"UponwhichFriedrich——tothejoyofSchmettauandeveryPrussian——actuallyrises。EmitshisWar—Manifesto（JULY3d）:"DeclarationtoourBrethren（MITSTANDE）
oftheReich，"thatAustriawilllistentonothingbutWar；
[Fischer，ii388；Dohm，Denkwurdigkeiten，i。
110；OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。145。]and，onandfromthatday，goesflowingforwardinperfectcolumnsandarrangements，100，000strong；throughthepicturesqueGlatzCountry，straighttowardstheBohemianBorder，hourbyhour。
FlowsovertheBohemianBorderbyNachodTown；hisvanguardburstingintofield—musicandflourishesoftrumpetingatthatgrandmoment（July5th）；flowedbodilyover；andencampedthatnightonBohemianground，withNachodtorear；thencetowardsKwalkowitz，andontheseconddaytoJaromirtz（"CampofJaromirtz"），alittleTownwhichwehaveheardofbefore，butwhichbecamemorefamousthaneverduringthenexttenweeks。
Jaromirtz，Kwalkowitz，Konigsgratz:thisistheoldhill—and—dalelabyrinthofanUpper—ElbeCountry；onlytoowellknowntohisMajestyandus，foralmostfortyyearspast:hereagainaretheAustrianswaitingtheKing；watchingdiligentlythisnewInvasionofhisoutofGlatzandtheEast！Inthesamedays，PrinceHenri，whoisalsonear100，000，startsfromDresdentoinvadethemfromtheWest。Loudon，facingwestward，isinwatchofHenri；Lacy，orindeedtheKaiserhimself，back—to—backofLoudon，standsinthisKonigsgratz—Jaromirtzpart；saidtobeembattledinaveryelaboratemanner，toalengthoffiftymilesonthisfineground，andinnumbersomewhatsuperiortotheKing；——theAustriansinallcountingabout250，000；ofwhomLacyhasconsiderablythelargershare。TheterroratVienna，nevertheless，isverygreat:"Adayofterror，"saysonewhowasthere；"Iwillnottrustmyselftodescribethesensationwhichthisnews，’FriedrichinBohemiaagain！’producedamongallranksofpeople。"[Cogniazzo，iv。316，320，321；Preuss，iv。101，&c。]MariaTheresa，withherfinemotherlyheart，inalarmforherCountry，andtrembling"formytwoSons[JosephandLeopold]anddearSon—in—Law[ofSachsen—
Teschen]，whoareintheArmy，"overcomesallscruplesofpride；
instantlydespatchesanAutographtotheKing（"Bearerofthis，BaronvonThugut，withFullPowers"）；andonherownstrengthstartsanewNegotiation，——which，aswillbeseen，endednobetterthantheothers。[HerLetters，fourinall，withtheirAppendixes，andtheKing’sAnswers，inOEuvresdeFrederic，vi。196—200。]
Schmettausays，"Friedrich，cheatedofhisMahrenschemes，wasstillintime；theAustrianpositionbeingindeedstrong，butnotbeingevenyetquiteready。"Friedrichhimself，however，onreconnoitring，thoughtdifferently。Apositionsuchasoneneversawbefore，thinkshe；contrivedbyLacy；masterlyuseoftheground，oftherivers，oftherocks，woods，swamps；Elbeandhisbranches，andtheintricateshouldersoftheGiantMountains:
nomancouldhavedoneitbetterthanLacyhere，who，theysay，isthecontriverandpracticalhand。[OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。147。]FromKonigsgratz，northward，byKonigshof，byArnau，uptoHohenelbe，allheightsarecrowned，allpassesbristlingwithcannon。RiversAupa，Elbebesetwithredoubts，withdamsinfavorableplaces，andarebecomeinundations，difficulttotap。Thereare"ditches8feetdeepby16broad。"BehindorontherightbankofElbe，itismereintrenchmentforfive—and—twentymiles。Withbogs，withthicketsfullofCroats；andsuchanamountofartillery，——Ibelievetheyhaveinbatterynofewerthan1，500
cannon。Apositionveryconsiderableindeed:——musthavetakentimetodeliberate，delveandinvest；butitisdone。Nearfiftymilesofit:here，cleartoyourglass，hastheheadofLacyvisiblyemergedonus，asifforsurveyofphenomena:——headofLacysureenough（bodyofhimlyinginvisibleintheheights，passesandpointsofvantage）；anditsNECKoffiftymiles，liketheneckofawar—horseclothedwiththunder。Onwhich（thinksSchmettauprivately）youmay，toolate，makeyourreflections！
Schmettauassertsthattheposition，thoughstrong，wasnothinglikesoinfinitelystrong；andthatFriedrichinhisyoungerdayswouldverysoonhaveassaultedit，andturnedLacyinsideout:
butFriedrich，weknow，hadhisreasonsagainsthurry。