unopposedaltogether；notevenaPandourhavingattackedhimovernight。Butnosoonerisheunderway，thanDauntoorises；
Daun，Loudon，closeby，ontheothersideofKatzbach，andkeepstepwithus，onourright；Lacy’slightpeoplehoveringonourrear:——threetruculentfellowsinbuckram；fancythefeelingsoftheway—wornsolitaryfourth，whomtheyaregloomilydogginginthisway！ThesolitaryfourthdoeshisfifteenmilestoLiegnitz，unmolestedbythem；encampsontheHeightswhichlookdownonLiegnitzoverthesouth；finds，however，thattheLoudon—Daunpeoplehavelikewisebeendiligent；thattheynowliestretchedoutontheirrightbank，threeorfourmilesup—streamortorearward，andwhatisfarworse，sevenmilesdownwards，orahead:that，infact，theyareamarchnearerParchwitzthanhe；——andthatthereisagainnopossibility。"PerhapsbyJauer，then，still？Outofthis，andatlowest，intosomevicinityofbread，itdoesbehooveustobe！"At11thatnightFriedrichgetsonmarchagain；returnsthewayhecame。And，AUGUST11th，Atdaybreak，isbacktohisoldground；nothingnowtoopposehimbutLacy，whoisgoneacrossfromGoldberg，tolingerasrearoftheDaun—Loudonmarch。FriedrichstepsacrossonLacy，thirstingtohaveastrokeatLacy；whovanishesfastenough，leavingthegroundclear。Couldbutourbaggagehavecomeasfastaswe！Butourbaggage，Quintusguardingandurging，hastogroanonforfivehoursyet；andwithoutit，thereisnostirring。
Fivemortalhours；——bywhichtime，Daun，Lacy，Loudonareallupagain；betweenusandJauer，betweenusandeverythinghelpful；——
andFriedrichhastoencampinSeichau，——"averypoorVillageintheMountains，"writesMitchell，whowaspainfullypresentthere，"surroundedonallsidesbyHeights；onseveralofwhich，intheevening，theAustrianstookcamp，separatedfromusbyadeepravineonly。"[Mitchell，ii。194。]
OutlooksaregrowingveryquestionabletoMitchellandeverybody。
"Onlyfourdays’provisions"（inrealitysix），whisperthePrussianGeneralsgloomilytoMitchellandtooneanother:"ShallwehavetomakeforGlogau，then，andleaveBreslautoitsfate？OrperhapsitwillbeasecondMaxentohisMajestyandus，whowassoindignantwithpoorFinck？"Myfriends，no；aMaxenlikeFinck’sitwillneverbe:averydifferentMaxen，ifany！Butwehopebetterthings。
Friedrich’ssituation，graspedintheThree—lippedPincersinthismanner，isconceivabletoreaders。Soltikof，ontheothersideofOder，assupplementaryorfourthlip，isveryimpatientwiththesethree。"Whyallthisdodging，andfidgetingtoandfro？Youareabovethreetooneofyourenemy。Whydon’tyoucloseonhimatonce，ifyoumeanitatall？Theendis，HewillbeacrossOder；
anditisIthatshallhavethebrunttobear:Henriandhewillenclosemebetweentwofires！"Andinfact，Henri，asweknow，thoughFriedrichdoesnotoronlyhalfdoes，hasgoneacrossOder，towatchSoltikof，andguardBreslaufromanyattemptsofhis，——
whicharefarfromHISthoughtsatthismoment；——aSoltikoffumingviolentlyatthethoughtofsuchcunctations，andofbeingmadecat’s—pawagain。"Know，however，thatIunderstandyou，"violentlyfumesSoltikof，"andthatIwon’t。IfallbackintotheTrebnitzBog—Country，onmyownrightbankhere，andlookoutformyownsafety。"——"Patience，yournobleExcellenz，"answertheyalways；
"oh，patienceyetalittle！Onlyyesterday（Sunday，10th）thedayafterhisarrivalinthisregion），wehaddecidedtoattackandcrushhim；Sundayveryearly:[Tempelhof，iv。137，148—150。]butheskippedawaytoLiegnitz。Oh，bepatientyetadayortwo:heskipsaboutatsucharate！"MontalemberthastobesuasiveastheMusesandtheSirens。Soltikofgloomilyconsentstoanotherdayortwo。
Andeven，suchhisanxietylestthisswiftKingskipoveruponHIM，pushesoutaconsiderableRussianDivision，24，000ultimately，underCzernichef，towardstheKing’ssideofthings，towardsAurasonOder，namely，——theretowatchforoneselftheseinterestingRoyalmovements；oreventojoinwithLoudonoutthere，ifthatseemthesafercourse，againstthem。OfCzernichefatAurasweshallhearfartheron，——weretheseRoyalmovementsoncegotcompletedalittle。
MORNINGOFAUGUST12th，Friedrichhas，inhisbadlodgingatSeichau，laidanewplanofroute:"TowardsSchweidnitzletitbe；
roundbyPombsenandthesoutheast，bytheHill—roads，makeasweepflankwardoftheenemy！"——andhaspeopleoutreconnoitringtheHill—roads。Hears，however，about8o’clock，ThatAustriansinstrengtharecomingbetweenusandGoldberg！"IntendingtoencloseusinthisbadpotofaSeichau；nocrossingoftheKatzbach，orotherretreattobeleftusatall？"Friedrichstrikeshistents；
rankshimself；isspeedilyinreadinessfordisputeofsuchextremity；——sendsoutnewpatrols，however，toascertain。
"Austriansinstrength"thereareNOTonthesideindicated；——
whereuponhedrawsinagain。But，ontheotherhand，theHill—roadsarereportedabsolutelyimpassableforbaggage；Pombsenanimpossibility，astheotherplaceshavebeen。SoFriedrichsitsdownagaininSeichautoconsider；doesnotstirallday。
ToMitchell’shorror，who，"withgreatlabor，"burnsallthelegationaryciphersandpapers（"impossibletosavethebaggageifwebeattackedinthishollowpotofacamp"），andfeelsmuchrelievedonfinishing。[Mitchell，ii。144；Tempelhof，iv。144。]
Towardssunset，GeneralBulow，withtheSecondLine（secondcolumnofmarch），issentoutGoldberg—way，totakeholdofthepassageoftheKatzbach:andat8thatnightweallmarch，recrossingthereabout1inthemorning；thencedownourleftbanktoLiegnitzforthesecondtime，——sixteenhoursofitinall，ortillnoonofthe13th。MitchellhadbeenputwiththeCavalrypart；and"cannotbutobservetoyourLordshipwhatachiefcomfortitwasinthislong，dangerousandpainfulMarch，"tohaveburntone’sciphersanddreadsecretsquiteoutoftheway。
Andthus，WEDNESDAY，AUGUST13th，aboutnoon，weareinouroldCamp；Head—quarterinthesouthernsuburbofLiegnitz（awretchedlittleTavern，whichtheystillshowthere，onmythicalterms）:
mainpartoftheCamp，Ishouldthink，isonthatrangeofHeights，whichreachestwomilessouthward，andisnowcalled"SIEGESBERG
（VictoryHill），"fromamodernMonumentbuiltonit，afternearly100years。HereFriedrichstaysoneday，——moreexactly，30hours；——
andhisshifting，nexttime，isextremelymemorable。
BATTLE，INTHENEIGHBORHOODOFLIEGNITZ，DOESENSUE
（Fridaymorning，15thAugust，1760）。
Daun，LacyandLoudon，theThree—lippedPincers，haveofcoursefollowed，andareagainagapeforFriedrich，allinscientificpostures:DaunintheJauerregion，sevenoreightmilessouth；
LacyaboutGoldberg，asfartosouthwest；Loudon"betweenJeschkendorfandKoischwitz，"northeastward，somewhatcloseronFriedrich，withtheKatzbachintervening。ThatCzernichef，withanadditional24，000，torearofLoudon，isactuallycrossingOderatAuras，withaneyetojunction，Friedrichdoesnotheartillto—morrow。[Tempelhof，iv。148—151；Mitchell，ii。197。]
Thesceneisratherpretty，ifoneadmiredscenes。Liegnitz，asquare，handsome，brick—builtTown，ofoldstanding，ingoodrepair（populationthen，say7，000），withfineoldcastellatededificesandaspects:pleasantmeeting，inlevelcircumstances，oftheKatzbachvalleywiththeSchwartz—wasser（BLACK—WATER）ditto，whichformsthenorthrimofLiegnitz；pleasantmixtureofgreenpoplarsandbricktowers，——asseenfromthat"VictoryHill"（morelikelytobe"Immediate—RuinHill！"）wheretheKingnowis。BeyondLiegnitzandtheSchwartzwasser，northwestward，rightoppositetotheKing’s，riseotherHeightscalledofPfaffendorf，whichguardthetwostreamsAFTERtheiruniting。KlosterWahlstatt，afamedplace，liesvisibletosoutheast，fewmilesoff。ReadersrecollectoneBlucher"PrinceofWahlstatt，"sonamedfromoneofhisAnti—
Napoleonvictoriesgainedthere？WahlstattwasthesceneofanolderFight，almostsixcenturiesolder，[April9th，1241（Kohler，REICHS—HISTORIE）。]——athenPrinceofLiegnitzVERSUShideousTartarmultitudes，whoratherbeathim；andhasbeenaCLOISTERWahlstatteversince。TillThursday，14th，about8intheevening，FriedrichcontinuedinhisCampofLiegnitz。WearenowwithinreachofanotablePassageofWar。
Friedrich’sCampextendsfromtheVillageofSchimmelwitz，frontingtheKatzbachforabouttwomiles，northeastward，tohisHead—
quarterinLiegnitzSuburb:Daunisonhisrightandrearward，nowcomewithinfourorfivemiles；Loudontohisleftandfrontward，fourorfive，theKatzbachseparatingFriedrichandhim；LacyliesfromGoldbergnortheastward，towithinperhapsalikedistancerearward:thatisthepositiononThursday，14th。Provisionsbeingallbutrunout；andthreeArmies，90，000（nottocountCzernichefandhis24，000asafourth）watchingroundour30，000，withinafewmiles；thereisnostayinghere，beyondthisday。Ifeventhisdayitbeallowedus？Thisday，Friedrichhadtodrawout，andstandtoarmsforsomehours；whiletheAustriansappearedextensivelyontheHeightsabout，apparentlyintendinganattack；tillitprovedtobenothing:onlyanelaboratereconnoitringbyDaun；andwereturnedtoourtentsagain。
FriedrichunderstandswellenoughthatDaun，withthefactsnowbeforehim，willgraduallyformhisplan，andalso，fromthelieofmatters，whathisplanwillbe:manyarethetimesDaunhaselaboratelyreconnoitred，elaboratelylaidhisplan；butfound，oncomingtoexecute，thathisFriedrichwasoffintheinterim，andtheplangonetoair。Friedrichhasabout2，000wagonstodragwithhimintheseswiftmarches:GlogauMagazine，hisoneresource，shouldBreslauandSchweidnitzproveunattainable，isforty—fivelongmilesnorthwestward。"LetusleanuponGlogauwithal，"thinksFriedrich；"andletusbeoutofthisstraightway！Marchto—night；
towardsParchwitz，whichistowardsGlogautoo。ArmyresttilldaybreakontheHeightsofPfaffendorfyonder，toexamine，towaititsluck:lettheemptymeal—wagonsjingleontoGlogau；
loadthemselvesthere，andjinglebacktousinParchwitzneighborhood，shouldParchwitznothaveprovedimpossibletoourmanoeuvrings，——letushopeitmaynot！"——DaunandtheAustrianshavingceasedreconnoitring，andgonehome，FriedrichrideswithhisGenerals，throughLiegnitz，acrosstheSchwartzwasser，tothePfaffendorfHeights。"Here，Messieurs，isourfirsthalting—placetobe:hereweshallhalttilldaybreak，whilethemeal—wagonsjingleon！"Andexplainstothemorallywhereeachistotakepost，andhowtobehave。Whichdone，hetooreturnshome，nodoubtaweariedindividual；andat4oftheafternoonliesdowntotryforanhourortwoofsleep，whileallhandsarebusypacking，accordingtotheOrdersgiven。
ItisafactrecordedbyFriedrichhimself，andbymanyotherpeople，That，atthisinterestingjuncture，thereappearedattheKing’sGate，Kinghardlyyetasleep，astaggeringAustrianOfficer，Irishbynation，whohadsuddenlyfoundgoodtodeserttheAustrianServiceforthePrussian——（"Sorrowonthem:apackof"——whatshallIsay？）——Irishgentleman，burstingwithintelligenceofsomekind，butevidentlydeepinliquorwithal。"Impossible；theKingisasleep，"saidtheAdjutantonduty；butproducedonlylouderinsistencefromthedrunkIrishgentleman。"Asmuchasallyourheadsareworth；theKing’sownsafety，andnotamomenttolose！"
Whatistobedone？TheyawakentheKing:"Themanisdrunk，butdreadfullyinearnest，yourMajesty。""Givehimquantitiesofweaktea[Tempelhofcallsittea，butFriedrichmerelywarmwater]；
thenexaminehim，andreportifitisanything。"Somethingitwas:
"YourMajestytobeattacked，forcertain，thisnight！"whathisMajestyalreadyguessed:——something，mostlikelylittle；butnobodytothisdayknows。Visibleonly，thathisMajesty，beforesunset，rodeoutreconnoitringwiththisquestionableIrishgentleman，nowinaveryflaccidstate；andalterednothingwhateverinpriorarrangements；——andthattheflaccidIrishgentlemanstaggersoutofsight，intodusk，intorestanddarkness，afterthisoneappearanceonthestageofhistory。[OEuvresdeFrederic，v。63；Tempelhof，iv。154。]
Fromabout8intheevening，Friedrich’speoplegotonmarch，intheirseveralcolumns，andfaredpunctuallyon；onecolumnthroughthestreetsofLiegnitz，otherstoleftandtorightofthat；
toleftmainly，asremoterfromtheAustriansandtheirlisteningoutpostsfrombeyondtheKatzbachRiver；——wherethecamp—firesareburningextremelydistinctto—night。ThePrussiancamp—fires，theytooareallburninguncommonlyvivid；countrypeopleemployedtofeedthem；andafewhussarsentriesanddrummerstomakethecustomarysoundsforDaun’sinstruction，tillacertainhour。
Friedrich’speopleareclearingtheNorthSuburbofLiegnitz，crossingtheSchwartzwasser:artilleryandheavywagonsallgobytheStone—BridgeatTopferberg（POTTER—HILL）there；thelighterpeoplebyafewpontoonsfartherdownthatstream，inthePfaffendorfvicinity。Aboutoneinthemorning，all，eventherightwingfromSchimmelwitz，aresafelyacross。
Schwartzwasser，aRiverofmanytails（boggymostofthem，SohnelleorSWIFTDeichselhardlyanexception），gatheringitselffromthesouthwardfortwentyormoremiles，attainsitsmaximumofnorthataplacecalledWaldau，notfarnorthwestofTopferberg。TowardsthisWaldau，Lacyisaimingallnight；thencetopounceonour"leftwing，"——whichhewillfindtoconsistofthoseemptywatch—
firesmerely。DownfromWaldau，pastTopferbergandPfaffendorf（PRIEST—town，orasweshouldcallit，"Preston"），whichareallonitsnorthernorleftbank，Schwartzwasser’scourseisintheformofanirregularhorse—shoe；highgroundtoitsnorthernside，Liegnitzandhollowstoitssouthern；tillinanangularwayitdojoinKatzbach，andgowiththat，northwardforOdertherestofitscourse。Onthebrowofthesehorse—shoeHeights，——whichrunparalleltoSchwartzwasseronepartofthem，andnearlyparalleltoKatzbachanother（thoughaboveamiledistant，theselatter，fromIT），——Friedrichplantshimself:inOrderofBattle；
slightlyalteringsomepointsoftheafternoon’sprogram，andcorrectinghisGenerals，"Frontrathersoandso；seewheretheirfiresare，yonder！"Daun’sfires，Loudon’sfires；vividlyvisibleboth:——and，singulartosay，thereisnothingyondereitherbutafewsentriesanddeceptivedrums！Allemptyyondertoo，evenasourownCampis；allgoneforth，evenasweare；werestinghere，andourmeal—wagonsjinglingonGlogauway！
ExcellencyMitchell，underhorse—escort，amongthelighterbaggage，isonKuchelbergHeath，inscrubbycountry，butwellnorthbehindFriedrich’scentre:hashadadreadfulmarch；onecomfortonly，thathisciphersareallburnt。Therestofusliedownonthegrass；——amongothers，youngHerrvonArchenholtz，ensignorlieutenantinRegimentFORCADE:whotestifiesthatitisoneofthebeautifulestnights，thelampsofHeavenshiningdowninanuncommonlytranquilmanner；andthatalmostnobodyslept。
Thesoldier—ranksalllayhorizontal，musketunderarm；
chattingpleasantlyinanundertone，oreachinsilencerevolvingsuchthoughtsashehad。TheGeneralsamblelikeobservantspirits，hoarselyimperative。[Archenholtz，ii。100—111。]Friedrich’sline，weobserved，isinthehorse—shoeshape（orPARABOLIC，straighterthanhorse—shoe），frontingthewaters。ZiethencommandsinthatsmallerSchwartzwasserpartoftheline，FriedrichintheKatzbachpart，whichismoreinrisk。Andnow，thingsbeingmoderatelyinorder，Friedrichhashimselfsatdown——Ithink，towardsthemiddleorconvexpartofhislines——byawatch—firehehasfoundthere；
and，wraptinhiscloak，hismanythoughtsmeltingintohaze，hassunkitoakindofsleep。Seatedonadrum，somesay；halfasleepbythewatch—fire，timehalf—past2，——whenaHussarMajor，whohasbeenoutbytheBienowitz，thePohlschildernway，northward，reconnoitring，comesdashingupfullspeed:"TheKing？whereistheKing？""Whatisit，then？"answerstheKingforhimself。
"YourMajesty，theEnemyinforce，fromBienowitz，fromPohlschildern，comingonourLeftWingyonder；hasflungbackallmyvedettes:iswithin500yardsbythistime！"
Friedrichspringstohorse；hasalreadyanOrderspeedingforth，"GeneralSchenkendorfandhisBattalion，theircannon，tothecrownoftheWolfsberg，onourleftyonder；swift！"Howexcellentthateverybattalion（asbyOrderthatweread）"hasitsownshareoftheheavycannonalwaysathand！"ejaculatethemilitarycritics。
Schenkendorf，beingnimble，wasabletoastonishtheEnemywithvolumesofcase—shotfromtheWolfsberg，whichwereverydeadlyatthatclosedistance。Otherarrangements，toominuteforrecitalhere，arerapidlydone；andourLeftWingisinconditiontoreceiveitsearlyvisitors，——Loudonorwhoevertheymaybe。ItisstilldubioustotheHistory—BookswhetherFriedrichwasinclearexpectationofLoudonhere；thoughofcoursehewouldnowguessitwasLoudon。ButthereisnodoubtLoudonhadnottheleastexpectationofFriedrich；andhissurprisemusthavebeenintense，when，insteadofvacantdarkness（andsomechanceofPrussianbaggage，whichhehadheardof），Prussianmusketriesandcase—shotopenedonhim。
Loudonhad，asperorder，quittedhisCampatJeschkendorf，aboutthetimeFriedrichdidhisatSchimmelwitz；and，leavingthelightsallburning，hadsetforwardonhiserrand；whichwas（alsoidenticalwithFriedrich’s），toseizetheHeightsofPfaffendorf，andbereadytherewhendaybroke。scoutshavinginformedhimthatthePrussianBaggagewascertainlygonethroughtoTopferberg，——
morehisscoutsdidnotknow，norcouldLoudonguess，——"WewillsnatchthatBaggage！"thoughtLoudon；andwithsuchviewhasbeenspeedingallhecould；novanguardahead，lesthealarmtheBaggageescort:Loudoninperson，withtheInfantryoftheReserve，stridingonahead，todevouranyBaggage—escorttheremaybe。
Friedrich’sreconnoitringHussarpartieshadconfirmedthisbelief:
"Yes，yes！"thoughtLoudon。Andnowsuddenly，insteadofBaggagetocapture，here，outofthevacantdarkness，isFriedrichinperson，onthebrowoftheHeightswhereweintendedtoform！——
Loudon’sbehavior，onbeinghurledbackwithhisReserveinthismanner，everybodysays，wasmagnificent。Judgingatoncewhatthebusinesswas，andthatretreatwouldbeimpossiblewithoutruin，hehastenedinstantlytoformhimself，onsuchgroundashehad，——
highlyunfavorableground，uphillinpart，androominitonlyforFiveBattalions（5，000）offront；——andcameonagain，withagreatdealofimpetuosityandgoodskill；againandeveragain，threetimesinall。Hadpartialsuccesses；edgedalwaystotherighttogettheflankofFriedrich；butcouldnot，Friedrichedgingconformably。Fromhisright—hand，ornortheastpart，Loudonpouredin，onceandagain，veryfuriouschargesofCavalry；oneveryrepulse，drewoutnewBattalionsfromhisleftandcentre，andagainstormedforward:butfounditalwaysimpossible。HadhissubordinatesallbeenLoudons，itissaid，therewasonceafinechanceforhim。BythisedgingalwaystothenortheastwardonhispartandFriedrich’s，therehadatlastaconsiderablegapinFriedrich’sLineestablisheditself，——notonlyZiethen’sLineandFriedrich’sLinenowfairlyfallenasunder，but，attheVillageofPanten，inFriedrich’sownLine，agapwhereanybodymightgetin。
OneoftheAustrianColumnswasjustenteringPantenwhentheFightbegan:inPantenthatColumnhasstoodcogitativeeversince；
welltoleftofLoudonandhisstruggles；butdoesnot，tilltheeleventhhour，resolvetopushthrough。Attheeleventhhour；——andlo，inthenickoftime，Mollendorf（ourLeuthen—and—Hochkirchfriend）gothiseyeonit；rushedupwithinfantryandcavalry；
setPantenonfire，andblockedoutthatpossibilityandthetoocogitativeColumn。
Loudonhadnootherrealchance:hisfurioushorse—chargesandattemptsweremeteverywherebycorrespondingcounter—fury。
Bernburg，poorRegimentBernburg，seewhatafigureitismaking！
Leftalmostalone，atonetime，amongthosehorse—charges；
spendingitsbloodlikewater，bayonet—charging，platooningasneverbefore；andonthewhole，stemminginvinciblythathorse—
torrent，——notunseenbyMajesty，itmaybehoped；whoisherewherethehottestpinchis。Onthethirdrepulse，whichwasworsethananybefore，Loudonfoundhehadenough；andtrieditnofarther。
RolledovertheKatzbach，betterorworse；Prussianscatching6，000
ofhim，butnotfollowingfarther:threwupatinebatteryatBienowitz，whichshelteredhisretreatfromhorse:——andwenthisways，sorelybutnotdishonorablybeaten，afteranhourandhalfofuncommonlystifffighting，whichhadbeenverymurderoustoLoudon。
Lossof10，000tohim:4，000killedandwounded；prisoners6，000；
82cannon，28flags，andotheritems；thePrussianlossbeing1，800
inwhole。[Tempelhof，iv。159。]By5o’clock，theBattle，thisLoudonpartofit，wasquiteover；Loudon（35，000）wreckinghimselfagainstFriedrich’sLeftWing（sayhalfofhisArmy，some15，000）
insuchconclusivemanner。Friedrich’sLeftWingalonehasbeenengagedhitherto。AndnowitwillbeZiethen’sturn，ifDaunandLacystillcomeon。
By11lastnight，Daun’sPandours，creepingstealthilyon，acrosstheKatzbach，aboutSchimmelwitz，haddiscernedwithamazementthatFriedrich’sCampappearedtoconsistonlyofwatch—fires；andhadshotofftheirspeediestridertoDaun，accordingly；butitwasoneinthemorningbeforeDaun，busymarchingandmarshalling，tobereadyattheKatzbachbydaylight，heardofthisstrangenews；
whichprobablyhecouldnotentirelybelievetillseenwithhisowneyes。Whataspectacle！One’sbeautifulPlanexplodedintomereimbroglioofdistraction；becomeoneknowsnotwhat！Daun’swatch—
firestoohadallbeenleftburning；universalstratagem，onbothsides，goingon；producing——tragicallyforsomeofus——aTRAGEDYofErrors，ortheMistakesofaNight！Daunsalliedoutagain，inhiscollapsed，upsetcondition，assoonaspossible:pushedon，inthetrackofFriedrich；warningLacytopushon。Daun，thoughwithinfivemilesallthewhile，hadheardnothingofthefuriousFightandcannonade；"southwestwindhavingrisen，"soDaunsaid，andisbelievedbycandidpersons，——notbytheangryViennapeople，whocounteditimpossible:"Nonsense；youwerenotdeaf；butyouloiteredandhaggled，inyourusualway；perhapsnotsorrythat，thebrilliantLoudonshouldgetarebuff！"
EmergingoutofLiegnitz，Daundidsee，tonortheastward，avastpillarormassofsmoke，silentlymounting，butcoulddonothingwithit。"Cannon—smoke，nodoubt；butfallenentirelysilent，andnotwendinghitherwardatall。PoorLoudon，alas，musthavegotbeaten！"UponwhichDaunreallydidtry，atleastuponZiethen；
butcoulddonothing。PouredcavalryacrosstheStone—bridgeattheTopferberg:whodroveinZiethen’spicketthere；butweretorntopiecesbyZiethen’scannon。ZiethenacrosstheSchwartzwasserisalertenough。Howforminorderofbattlehere，withZiethen’sbatteriesshearingyourcolumnslongitudinally，astheymarchup？
Daunrecognizestheimpossibility；wendsbackthroughLiegnitztohisCampagain，thewayhehadcome。Tide—hourmissedagain；
ebbgoinguncommonlyrapid！LacyhadbeenaboutWaldau，totryfartheruptheSchwartzwasseronZiethen’sright:buttheSchwartzwasserprovedamazinglyboggy；notaccessibleonanypointtoheavypeople，——"owingtobogsonthebank，"withperhapspoorprospectontheothersidetoo！
And，infact，nothingofLacymorethanofDaun，couldmanagetogetacross:nothingexcepttwopoorHussarregiments；who，windingupfartotheleft，attemptedasnatchontheBaggageaboutHummeln，——Hummeln，orKucheloftheScrubs。AndgaveanewalarmtoMitchell，thelastofseveralduringthishorridnight；whohassatpainfullyblockedinhiscarriage，withsuchaDevil’stumult，goingontoeastward，andnosight，shareorknowledgetobehadofit。RepeatedhussarattackstherewereontheBaggagehere，Loudon’shussarsalsotrying:butMitchell’sCaptainwasmiraculouslyequaltotheoccasion；andhadbeatenthemalloff。
Mitchell，bymagnanimouschoiceofhisown，hasbeeninmanyFightsbythesideofFriedrich；butthisisthelasthewilleverbeinornear；——thismiraculousoneofLiegnitz，3to4。30A。M。，Friday，August15th，1760。
NeverdidsuchaluckbefallFriedrichbeforeorafter。Hewasclingingontheedgeofslipperyabysses，hispathhardlyafoot’s—
breadth，mereenemiesandavalancheshangingroundoneveryside:
ruinlikelieratnomoment，ofhislife；——andhereispreciselythequasi—miraclewhichwasneededtosavehim。Partlybyaccidenttoo；
thebestofmanagementcrownedbytheluckiestofaccidents。
[Tempelhof，iv。151—171；Archenholtz，ubisupra；HOBERICHTVONDER
SCHLACHTSOAM15AUGUST，1760，BEYLIEGNITZ，VORGEFALLEN
（Seyfarth，Beylagen，ii。696—703）；&c。&c。]
FriedrichrestedfourhoursontheBattle—field，——ifthatcouldbecalledrest，whichwasanewkindofdiligencehighlywonderful。
DiligenceofgatheringupaccuratelytheresultsoftheBattle；
packingthemintoportableshape；andmarchingoffwiththeminone’spocket，sotospeak。Major—GeneralSaldernhadchargeofthis，amanofmanytalents；anddiditconsummately。Thewounded，AustrianaswellasPrussian，areplacedintheemptymeal—wagons；
themoreslightlywoundedaresetonhorseback，doubleinpossiblecases:onlythedeadareleftlying:100ormoremeal—wagonsareleft，theirteamsneededfordrawingour82newcannon；——thewagonswesplitup，noAustrianstohavethem；usableonlyasfirewoodforthepoorCountry—folk。The4or5，000goodmusketslyingonthefield，shallnotwetakethemalso？Eachcavalrysoldierslingsoneofthemacrosshisback，eachbaggagedriverone:andthemusketstooaretakencareof。About9A。M。，Friedrich，withhis6，000
prisoners，newcannon—teams，sick—wagonteams，trophies，properties，isafootagain。OneofthesuccinctestofKings。
IshouldhavementionedthejoyofpoorRegimentBernburg；
whichratheraffectedme。Loudongone，themiracleofBattledone，andthismiraculouspackinggoingon，——Friedrichridingaboutamonghispeople，passedalongthefrontofBernburg，theeyeofhimperhapsintimating，"Isawyou，BURSCHE；"butnowordcomingfromhim。TheBernburgOfficers，tragicallytresslessintheirhats，standalsosilent，grimasblackenedstones（allBernburgblackwithgunpowder）:"Inusalsoisnoword；unlessouractionsperhapsspeak？"ButacertainSergeant，Fugleman，orchiefCorporal，steptout，salutingreverentially:"RegimentBernburg，IHROMAJESTAT——？"
"Hm；well，youdidhandsomely。Yes，youshallhaveyourside—armsback；allshallbeforgottenandwashedout！""AndyouareagainourGraciousKing，then？"saystheSergeant，withtearsinhiseyes。——"GEWISS，Yea，surely！"[Tempelhof，iv。162—164。]Uponwhich，fancywhatapealofsoundfromtheecstaticthroatandheartofthispoorRegiment。WhichIhaveoftenthoughtof；hearingmutinousblockheads，"gloriousSonsofFreedom"totheirownthinking，asktheirnaturalcommandingOfficer，"Arenotweasgoodasthou？Arenotallmenequal？"Notawhitofit，youmutinousblockheads；
veryfarfromitindeed！
ThiswasthebreakingofFriedrich’simprisonmentinthedeadlyrock—labyrinths；thissuccessatLiegnitzdeliveredhimintofreefieldoncemore。Fortwenty—fourhoursmore，indeed，thechancewasstillfullofanxietytohim；fortwenty—fourhoursDaun，couldhehavebeenrapid，stillhadthepossibilitiesinhand；——butonlyDaun’sAntagonistwasusuallyrapid。About9inthemorning，allroad—ready，thislatterGentleman"gavethreeSalvos，asJoy—fire，onthefieldofLiegnitz；"and，intheabovesuccinctshape，——
leavingZiethentocomeon，"withtheprisoners，thesick—wagonsandcapturedcannon，"intheafternoon，——marchedrapidlyaway。
ForParchwitz，withourbestspeed:ParchwitzistheroadtoBreslau，alsotoGlogau，——toBreslau，ifitbehumanlypossible！
Friedrichhasbuttwodays’breadleft；ontheBreslauroad，atAuras，thereisCzernichefwith24，000；thereare，ortheremaybe，theLoudonRemnantsralliedagain，theLacyCorpsuntouched，allDaun’sForce，hadDaunmadeanydespatchatall。WhichDaunseldomdid。Amanslowtoresolve，andseekinghisluckinleisure。
Alljudgessay，Daunoughtnowtohavemarched，onthisenterpriseofstillinterceptingFriedrich，withoutlossofamoment。ButhecalculatedFriedrichwouldprobablyspendthedayinTE—DEUM—ingontheField（asisthemannerofsome）；andthat，byto—morrow，thingswouldbeclearertoone’sownmind。Daunwasinnohaste；
gavenoorders，——didnotsomuchassendCzernichefaLetter。
Czernichefgotone，however。Friedrichsenthimone；thatistosay，senthimoneTOINTERCEPT。Friedrich，namely，writesaNoteaddressedtohisBrotherHenri:"Austrianstotallybeatenthisday；
nowfortheRussians，dearBrother；andswift，dowhatwehaveagreedon！"[OEuvresdeFrederic，v。67。]
FriedrichhandsthistoaPeasant，withinstructionstolethimselfbetakenbytheRussians，andgiveituptosavehislife。
Czernichef，itisthought，gotthisLetter；andperhapsrumoritself，andthedelaysofDaun，would，atanyrate，havesenthimacross。Acrossheatoncewent，withhis24，000，andburnthisBridge。AvanishedCzernichef；——thoughFriedrichisnotyetsureofit:andasforthewanderingAustrianDivisions，theLoudons，Lacys，allisdarktohim。
Sothat，atParchwitz，nextmorning（August16th），thequestion，"ToGlogau？ToBreslau？"musthavebeenakindofsphinx—enigmatoFriedrich；darkasthat，and，incaseoferror，fatal。Aftersomebriefparoxysmofconsideration，Friedrich’sreadingwas，"ToBreslau，then！"And，forhours，asthemarchwenton，hewasnoticed"ridingmuchabout，"hisanxietiesvisiblygreat。TillatNeumarkt（notfarfromtheFieldofLEUTHEN），gettingontheHeightsthere，——towardsnoon，Iwillguess，——whatasight！
Beforethis，hehadcomeuponAustrianOut—parties，Beck’sorsomebody’s，whodidnotwaithisattack:hesaw，atonepoint，"thewholeAustrianArmyonmarch（thetopsofitscolumnsvisibleamongtheknolls，threemilesoff，impossibletosaywhitherward）；"
andfaredonallthefaster，Isuppose，suchabetdepending；——and，infine，gallopedtotheHeightsofNeumarktforaview:"Darewebelieveit？NotanAustrianthere！"Andmightbe，forthemoment，thegladdestofKings。SecurenowofBreslau，ofjunctionwithHenri:fairlywinnerofthebet；——andcanatlastpause，andtakebreath，veryneedfultohispoorArmy，ifnottohimself，aftersuchamortalspasmofsixteendays！DaunhadtakentheLiegnitzaccidentwithoutremark；usuallyastoicalman，especiallyinotherpeople’smisfortunes；butcouldnotconcealhispainfulastonishmentonthisnewoccasion，——astonishmentatunjustfortune，orathisownsluggardlycunctations，isnotsaid。
Nextday（August17th），FriedrichencampsatHermannsdorf，head—
quartertheSchlossofHermannsdorf，withinsevenmilesofBreslau；
continuesafortnightthere，restinghisweariedpeople，himselfnotrestingmuch，watchingthedismalmiscellanyofentanglementsthatyetremain，howthesewillsettleintogroups，——especiallywhatDaunandhisSoltikofwilldecideon。Inaboutafortnight，Daun’sdecisiondidbecomevisible；Soltikof’snotinafortnight，noreverclearlyatall。UnlessitwereTokeepawholeskin，andgraduallyedgehometohisvictuals。Asessentiallyitwas，andcontinuedtobe；creatingendlessnegotiations，andfutileoverturesandmessagingsfromDauntohisbarbarousFriend，endlesssuasionsandtroublesfrompoorMontalembert，——ofwhichitwouldwearyeveryreadertohearmention，exceptoftheresultonly。
Friedrich，forhisownpart，islittleelatedwiththesebitsofsuccessesatLiegnitzorsince；anddoesnotdeceivehimselfastothedifficulties，almosttheimpossibilities，thatstilllieahead。
InanswertoD’Argens，whohaswritten（"atmidnight，"startingoutofbed"theinstantthenewscame"），inzealouscongratulationonLiegnitz，hereisaLetterofFriedrich’s:wellworthreading，——
thoughithasbeenoftenerreadthanalmostanyotherofhis。
ALetterwhichD’Argensneversawintheoriginalform；whichwascapturedbytheAustriansorCossacks；[SeeOEuvresdeFrederic，xix。198（D’Argenshimself，"19thOctober"
following），andib。191n。；Rodenbeck，ii。31，36；——mentionofitinVoltaire，Montalembert，&c。]whichgotcopiedeverywhere，soonstoleintoprint，andiseversinceextensivelyknown。
FRIEDRICHTOMARQUISD’ARGENS（atBerlin）。
"HERMANNSDORF，nearBreslau，27thAugust，1760。
"Inothertimes，mydearMarquis，theAffairofthe15thwouldhavesettledtheCampaign；atpresentitisbutascratch。TherewillbeneededagreatBattletodecideourfate:such，byallappearance，weshallsoonhave；andthenyoumayrejoice，iftheeventisfavorabletous。Thankyou，meanwhile，forallyoursympathy。
Ithascostadealofscheming，strivingandmuchaddresstobringmatterstothispoint。Don’tspeaktomeofdangers；thelastActioncostsmeonlyaCoat[torn，useless，onlyoneskirtleft，bysomereboundingcannon—ball？]andaHorse[shotunderme]:thatisnotpayingdearforavictory。
"Inmylife，IwasneverinsobadapostureasinthisCampaign。
Believeme，miraclesarestillneededifIamtoovercomeallthedifficultieswhichIstillseeahead。Andoneisgrowingweakwithal。’Herculean’laborstoaccomplishatanagewhenmypowersareforsakingme，myweaknessesincreasing，and，tospeakcandidly，evenhope，theonecomfortoftheunhappy，beginstobewanting。
Youarenotenoughacquaintedwiththepostureofthings，toknowallthedangersthatthreatentheState:Iknowthem，andconcealthem；Ikeepallthefearstomyself，andcommunicatetothePubliconlythehopes，andthetrifleofgoodnewsImaynowandthenhave。IfthestrokeIammeditatingsucceed[strokeonDaun’sAnti—
Schweidnitzstrategies，ofwhichanon]，then，mydearMarquis，itwillbetimetoexpandone’sjoy；buttillthenletusnotflatterourselves，lestsomeunexpectedbitofbadnewsdepressustoomuch。
"Ilivehere[SchlossofHermannsdorf，asevenmileswestofBreslau]likeaMilitaryMonkofLaTrappe:endlessbusinesses，andthesedone，alittleconsolationfrommyBooks。IknownotifI
shalloutlivethisWar:butshoulditsohappen，Iamfirmlyresolvedtopasstheremainderofmylifeinsolitude，inthebosomofPhilosophyandFriendship。Whentheroadsaresurer，perhapsyouwillwritemeoftener。Iknownotwhereourwinter—quartersthistimearetobe！MyHouseinBreslauisburntdownintheBombardment[Loudon’s，threeweeksago]。Ourenemiesgrudgeuseverything，evendaylight，andairtobreathe:somenook，however，theymustleaveus；andifitbeasafeone，itwillbeatruepleasuretohaveyouagainwithme。
"Well，mydearMarquis，whathasbecomeofthePeacewithFrance[EnglishPeace]！YourNation，yousee，isblinderthanyouthought:
thosefoolswilllosetheirCanadaandPondicherry，topleasetheQueenofHungaryandtheCzarina。HeavengrantPrinceFerdinandmaypaythemfortheirzeal！Anditwillbetheinnocentthatsuffer，thepoorofficersandsoldiers，nottheChoiseulsand——……Buthereisbusinesscomeonme。Adieu，dearMarquis；Iembraceyou。——F。"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。191。]
TwoEvents，ofoppositecomplexion，aRussianandaSaxon，FriedrichhadheardofwhileatHermannsdorf，beforewritingasabove。TheSaxonEventisthepleasantone，andcomesfirst。
HULSENONTHEDURRENBERG，AUGUST20th。"August20th，atStrehla，inthatSchlettau—MeissenCountry，theReichsfolkandAustriansmadeattackonHulsen’sPosts，principalPostofthemtheDurrenberg（DRY—HILL）there，——inamostextensivemanner；fillingthewholeregionwithvagueartillery—thunder，andendlesscharges，here，there，offootandhorse；whichallissuedinzeroandminusquantities；Hulsenstandingbeautifullytohiswork，andHussarKleistespecially，atonepoint，cuttinginwithmasterlyexecution，whichprovedgeneraloverthrowtotheReichsProject；
andleftHulsenmasterofthefieldandofhisDurrenberg，PLUS
1，217prisonersandonePrinceamongthem，andonecannon:aHulsenwhohasactuallygivenakindofbeatingtotheReichsfolkandAustrians，thoughtheywere30，000tohis10，000，andhadcountedonmakinganewMaxenofit。"[Archenholts，ii。114；BERICHTVON
DEROM20AUGUST1780BEYSTREHLAVORGEFALLONENACTION（Seyfarth，Beylagen，ii。703—719）。]FriedrichwritesagladlaudatoryLettertoHulsen:"Right，so；givethemmoreofthatwhentheyapplynext！"[LetterinSCHONING，ii。396，"Hermsdorf"
（Hermannsdorf），"27thAugust，1760。"]
ThisisabitofsunshinetotheRoyalmind，darkenoughotherwise。
HadFriedrichgotdonehere，rightfastwouldheflytothereliefofHulsen，andrecoveryofSaxony。Hope，ingoodmoments，says，"Hulsenwillbeabletoholdouttillthen！"Fearanswers，"No，hecannot，unlessyougetdonehereextremelysoon！"——TheRussianEvent，fullofpainfulanxietytoFriedrich，wasanewSiegeofColberg。Thatisthesadfact；which，sincethemiddleofAugust，hasbeenbecomingvisiblycertain。
SECONDSIEGEOFCOLBERG，AUGUST26th。"Undersiegeagain，thatpoorPlace；andthistimetheRussiansseemtohavemadeavowthattakeittheywill。Siegebylandandbysea；land—troopsdirectfromPetersburg，15，000inall（8，000ofthemcamebyship），withendlessartillery；andnear40RussianandSwedishships—of—war，bigandlittle，blackeningthewatersofpoorColberg。August26th[thedaybeforeFriedrich’swritingasabove]，theyhavegotallthingsadjusted，——theland—troopscoveredbyredoubtstorearward，shipsmooredintheirbattering—places；——andbeginsuchabombardmentandfiringofred—hotballsuponColbergaswasrarelyseen。Towhich，onecanonlyhopeoldHeydewillsetafaceofgray—steelcharacter，asusual；andproveadifficultarticletodealwith，tillonegetsomereliefcontrivedforhim。
[Archenholtz，ii。116:inHelden—Geschichte，
（vi。73—83），"TAGEBUCHofSiege，26thAugust—18thSeptember，"andotherdetails。]
ChapterIV。
DAUNINWRESTLEWITHFRIEDRICHINTHESILESIANHILLS。
InspiteofFriedrich’sforebodings，anextraordinaryrecoil，inallAnti—Friedrichaffairs，ensueduponLiegnitz；everythingtakingthebackwardcourse，fromwhichithardlyrecovered，orindeeddidnotrecoveratall，duringtherestofthisCampaign。DetailsonthesubsequentDaun—Friedrichmovements——whichwentallabackforDaun，DaundrivenintotheHillsagain，Friedrichhopefultocutoffhisbread，anddrivehimquitethroughtheHills，andhomeagain——arenotpermittedus。Nohumanintellectinourdaycouldbusyitselfwithunderstandingthesethousand—foldmarchings，manoeuvrings，assaults，surprisals，suddenfacings—about（retreatchangedtoadvance）；norcouldthepowerfulesthumanmemory，notexclusivelydevotedtostudytheArtMilitaryunderFriedrich，rememberthemwhenunderstood。Forsoldiers，desirousnottobesham—soldiers，theyarearecommendableexercise；forthemIdoadviseTempelhofandtheexcellentGermanNarrativesandRecords。
Butinregardtoothers——Asamplehasbeengiven:multiplythatbytheten，bythethreescoreandten；lettheingenuousimaginationgetfromitwhatwillsuffice。Ourfirstdutyheretopoorreaders，istoelicitfromthatseaofsmallthingsthefractionswhicharecardinal，orwhichgivehumanphysiognomyandmemorabilitytoit；
andcarefullysuppressalltherest。
Understand，then，thatthereisageneralgoing—backontheAustrianandRussianpart。CzernichefwealreadysawatonceretireovertheOder。Soltikofbodily，theseconddayafter，deaftoMontalembert，liftshimselftorearward；takespostbehindbogsandbushygroundsmoreandmoreinaccessible；["August18th，toTrebnitz，ontheroadtoMilitsch"（Tempelhof，iv。167）。]followedbyPrinceHenriwithhisbestimpressivenessforaweeklonger，tillheseemsufficientlyremoteandpeaceablyminded:"MakinghomeforPoland，he，"thinksthesanguineKing；"leaveGoltzwith12，000
towatchhim。TherestoftheArmyoverhither！"Whichisdone，August27th；GeneralForcadetakingcharge，insteadofHenri，——whoisgone，thatdayornext，toBreslau，forhishealth’ssake。
"PrinceHenrireallyill，"saysome；"Notsoill，butinthesulks，"sayothers:——partlytrue，boththeories，itisnowthought；
impossibletosettleinwhatdegreetrue。Evidentitis，HenrisatquiescentinBreslau，followingregimen，inmoreorlesspathetichumor，fortwoorthreemonthstocome；wentafterwardstoGlogau，andhadprivatetheatricals；andwasnomoreheardofinthisCampaign。GreatlytohisBrother’slossandregret；whoisoftenlongingfor"yourrecovery"（andreturnhither），tonopurpose。
Soltikofdoes，inhisheart，intendforPoland；buthastoseetheSiegeofColbergfinishfirst；and，indecencyeventotheAustrians，wouldlingeralittle:"WillingIalways，ifonlyYOU
provefeasible！"Whichoccasionssuchnegotiating，andmessagingacrosstheOder，forthenextsixweeks，as——asshallbeomittedinthisplace。ByintensesuasionofMontalembert，SoltikofevenconsentstoundertakesomeshammovementonGlogau，therebytoalleviatehisAustriansacrosstheRiver；andstaggersgraduallyforwardalittleinthatdirection:——shammerely；forhehasnotasiege—gun，northeleastpossibilityonGlogau；andGoltzwiththe12，000willsufficientlytakecareofhiminthatquarter。
Friedrich，onjunctionwithForcade，hasrisentoperhaps50，000；
andisnowinsomeconditionagainsttheDaun—Loudon—LacyArmies，whichcannotbedoublehisnumber。Thesestillhangabout，intheBreslau—Parchwitzregion；gloomyofhumor；andseemtobeaimingatSchweidnitz，——ifthatcouldstillprovepossiblewithaFriedrichpresent。Whichitbynomeansdoes；thoughtheytryitbytheirbestcombinations；——by"apowerfulChainofArmy—posts，isolatingSchweidnitz，andunitingDaunandLoudon；"by"aCampontheZobtenberg，ascrownofthesame；"——andputFriedrichonhismettle。Who，aftersurveyofsaidChain，executes（nightofAugust30th）aseriesofbeautifulmanoeuvresonit，whichunexpectedlyconcludeitsexistence:——"withunaccountablehardihood，"asArchenholtzhasit，physiognomicallyTRUEtoFriedrich’sgeneralstylejustnow，ifalittleincorrectastothecaseinhand，"seesgoodtomarchdirect，onceforall，athwartsaidChain；
rightacrossitsexplosivecannonadingsandit，——counter—
cannonading，andmarchingrapidlyon；suchamarchforinsolence，saytheAustrians！"[Archenholtz（ii。115—116）；whoisinahurry，dateless，andratherconfusesasubsequentDAY（September18th）
withthis"nightofAugust30th。"SeeRETZOW，ii。26；andstillbetter，TEMPELHOF，iv。203。]Till，inthisway，theinsolentKinghasSchweidnitzunderhisprotectivehandagain；andforcestheChaintocoilitselfwhollytogether，androllintotheHillsforasafelodging。Whitherheagainfollowsit:withcontinualchangesofposition，vyingininaccessibilitywithyourown；
threateningyourmeal—wagons；tramplingonyourskirtsinthisortheotherdangerousmanner；marchinginsolentlyuptoyourverynose，morethanonce（"Dittmannsdorf，September18th，"forachiefinstance），andconfusingyourbestschemes。[Tempelhof，iv。
193—231；&c。&c。:inAnonymousofHamburg，
iv。222—235，"DiaryoftheAUSTRIANArmy"（3—8thSeptember）。]
This"insolent"styleofmanagement，saysArchenholtz，waspractisedbyJuliusCaesarontheGauls；andsincehistimebynobody，——tillFriedrich，hisstudiousscholarandadmirer，revivedit"againstanotherenemy。""Itisofexcellentefficacy，"addsTempelhof；"itdisheartensyouradversary，andespeciallyhiscommonpeople，andhasthereverseeffectonyourown；confuseshiminendlessapprehensions，anddetailsofself—defence；sothathecanformnoplanofhisown，andhisoverpoweringresourcesbecomeuselesstohim。"Excellentefficacy，——onlyyoumustbeequaltodoingit；notunequal，whichmightbeveryfataltoyou！
Foraboutfiveweeks，Friedrich，eminentlypractisingthisstyle，hasamostcomplexmultifariousBriareanwrestlewithbigDaunandhisLacy—LoudonSatellites；whohaveatroublesometime，runninghither，thither，underdangerofslaps，andfindingnowhereanavailablemistakemade。ThesceneisthatintricateHill—CountrybetweenSchweidnitzandGlatz（kindofGLACISfromSchweidnitztotheGlatzMountains）:Daun，generallyspeaking，hashisbackonGlatz，FriedrichonSchweidnitz；andwehearofencampingsatKunzendorf，atBUNZELWITZ，atBURKERSDORF——placeswhichwillbemorefamousinacomingYear。DaunmakesnocomplaintofhisLacy—
Loudonorothersatellitepeople；whoarediligentlycircumambientallofthem，asbidden；butareunable，likeDaunhimself，todotheleastgood；andhaveperpetually，Daunandthey，abadlifeofitbesidethisNeighbor。Theouterworld，especiallytheViennaouterworld，isnaturallyalittlesurprised:"Howisthis，FeldmarschallDaun？Canyoudoabsolutelynothingwithhim，then；
butsitpinnedintheHills，eatingsourherbs！"
IntheRussiansappearsnohelp。SoltikofonGlogau，weknowwhatthatamountsto！Soltikofisevidentlyintendinghome，andnothingelse。ToallAustrianproposals，——andtheyhavebeenmanifold，aspoorMontalembertknowstoowell，——theanswerofSoltikofwasandis:"Above90，000ofyoucirclingabout，helpingoneanothertodoNothing。Happywereyou，notadoubtofit，couldWEbewiledacrosstoyou，togetworriedinyourstead！"Daunbeginstobeextremelyill—off；provisionsscarce，arefarawayinBohemia；
andtheroadsdailymoreinsecure，Friedrichaimingevidentlytogetcommandofthemaltogether。ThinkofsuchanissuetoouronceflourishingCampaign1760！Daunisvigilanceitselfagainstsuchfatality；andwilldoanything，exceptriskaFight。Here，however，isthefatalposture:SinceSeptember18th，DaunseeshimselfconsiderablycutofffromGlatz，hisprovision—roadmoreandmoreinsecure；——andforfourteendaysonward，theKingandhehavegotintoadead—lock，andsitlookingintooneanother’sfaces；Dauninamoreandmoredistressedmood，hisprovenderbecomingsouncertain，andtheWinterseasondrawingnigh。Thesentriesareinmutualview:eachCampcouldcannonadetheother；butwhatgoodwereit？Byatacitunderstandingtheydon’t。Thesentries，outpostsandvedettesforbearmusketry；onthecontrary，exchangetobaccoessometimes，andhaveasnatchofconversation。Daunisgrowingmoreandmoreunhappy。Towhichofthegods，ifnottoSoltikofagain，canheapply？
Friedrichhimself，successfulsofar，isabundantlydissatisfiedwithsuchakindofsuccess；——andindeedseemstobelessthankfultohisstarsthaninpresentcircumstancesheought。
Profoundlyweariedwefindhim，worndownintoutterdisgustintheSmallWarofPosts:"Herewestillare，nosetonose，"exclaimshe（seeLettersTOHENRI），"bothofusinunattackablecamps。
ThisCampaignappearstomemoreunsupportablethananyoftheforegoing。TakewhattroubleandcareIlike，Ican’tadvanceastepinregardtogreatinterests；Isucceedonlyintrifles……
Ohforgoodnewsofyourhealth:Iamwithoutallassistancehere；
theArmymustdivideagainbeforelong，andIhavenonetointrustitto。"[Schoning，ii。416。]
AndTOD’ARGENS，inthesamebaddays:"Yes，yes，Iescapedagreatdangerthere[atLiegnitz]。InacommonWaritwouldhavesignifiedsomething；butinthisitisamereskirmish；mypositionlittleimprovedbyit。IwillnotsingJeremiadstoyou；norspeakofmyfearsandanxieties，butcanassureyoutheyaregreat。ThecrisisIaminhastakenanothershape；butasyetnothingdecidesit，norcanthedevelopmentofitbeforeseen。Iamgettingconsumedbyslowfever；Iamlikealivingbodylosinglimbafterlimb。
Heavenstandbyus:weneeditmuch。[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。193（"Dittmannsdorf，18thSeptember，"dayafter，ordayoffinishing，thatcannonade）。]……Youtalkalwaysofmyperson，ofmydangers。NeedItellyou，itisnotnecessarythatI
live；butitisthatIdomyduty，andfightformyCountrytosaveitifpossible。InmanyLITTLEthingsIhavehadluck:Ithinkoftakingformymotto，MAXIMUSINMINIMIS，ETMINIMUSINMAXIMIS。
AworseCampaignthananyoftheothers:Iknownotsometimeswhatwillbecomeofit。Butwhywearyyouwithsuchdetailsofmylaborsandmysorrows？Myspiritshaveforsakenme。AllgayetyisburiedwiththeLovedNobleOneswhommyheartwasboundto。Adieu。"
Or，again，TOHENRI:Berlin？Yes；Iamtryingsomethinginbarofthat。Haveabadtimeofit，intheinterim。"Ourmeans，mydearBrother，aresoeatenaway；fartooshortforopposingtheprodigiousnumberofourenemiessetagainstus:——ifwemustfall，letusdateourdestructionfromtheinfamousDayofMaxen！"
Isinsuchhealth，too，allthewhile:"Amalittlebetter，thankyou；yethavestillthe"——whatshallwesay（dreadfulbiliaryaffair）？——"HEMORRHOIDESAVEUGLES:nothingthat，wereitnotforthedisquietudesIfeel:butallendsinthisworld，andsowillthese……Iflattermyselfyourhealthisrecovering。ForthesethreedaysincontinuanceIhavehadsoterribleacramp，Ithoughtitwouldchokeme；——itisnowalittlegone。NowonderthechagrinsandcontinualdisquietudesIliveinshouldundermineandatlengthoverturntherobustestconstitution。"[Schoning，ii。419:
"2dOctober。"Ib。ii。410:"16thSeptember。"Ib。ii。408。]
Friedrich，weobserve，hasheardofcertainRussian—AustrianintentionsonBerlin；but，afterintenseconsideration，resolvesthatitwillbehoovehimtocontinuehere，andtrytodislodgeDaun，orhelpHungertodislodgehim；whichwillbetheremedyforBerlinandallthingselse。TherearenewsfromColbergofwelcometenor:couldDaunbesentpacking，Soltikof，itisprobable，willnotbeinmuchalacrityforBerlin！——September18th，atDittmannsdorf，wasthefirstdayofDaun’sdead—lock:eversince，hehashadtosit，moreandmorehampered，pinnedtotheHills，eatingsourherbs；nothingbutHungerahead，andaretreat（battlewewillnotdreamof），likelytobeveryruinous，withaFriedrichstickingtothewingsofit。HereistheNoteonColberg:——
SEPTEMBER18th，COLHERGSIEGERAISED。"ThesameSeptember18th，whatadayatColbergtoo！itisthetwenty—fourthdayofthecontinualbombardmentthere。Colbergisblackashes，mostofitshousesruins，notahouseinituninjured。ButHeydeandhispoorGarrison，busydayandnight，walkaboutinitasiffire—proof；
withagreatdealofbattlestillleftinthem。TheKing，IknownotwhetherHeydeisaware，hascontrivedsomethingofrelief；
GeneralWernercoming:——thefittestofmen，iftherebepossibility。When，see，September18th，uneasymotionintheRussianintrenchments（fortheRussianstooareintrenchedagainstattack）:SomethingthathassurprisedtheRussiansyonder。
Climb，someofyou，tothehighestsurvivingsteeple，highestchimney—topifnosteeplesurvive:——YonderISWernercometoourrelief，OGodtheMerciful！"
"Werner，with5，000，wasdetachedfromGlogau（September5th），fromGoltz’ssmallCorpsthere；hascomeasonwings，200milesinthirteendays。Andattacksnow，aswithwings，theastonishedRussian15，000，whowerelookingfornothinglikehim，——withwings，withclaws，andwithbeak；andinahighlyaquilinemanner，fierce，swift，skilful，stormstheseintrenchedRussiansstraightway，scattersthemtopieces，——andnextdayisinColberg，theSiegeraisingitselfwithgreatprecipitation；leavingallitsartilleriesandfurnitures，rushingonshipboardallofitthatcanget，——theveryships—of—war，saysArchenholtz，hurryingdangerouslyouttosea，asifthePrussianHussarsmightpossiblytakeTHEM。
AgloriousWerner！Abeautifuldefence，anddittorescue；whichhasdrawntheworld’sattention。"[Seyfarth，ii。634；Archenholtz，ii。
116:inHelden—Geschichte，（vi。73—83），TAGEBUCHofSiege。]
Heyde’sdefenceofColberg，Werner’sswiftrescueofit，areverycelebratedthisAutumn。MedalswerestruckinhonorofthematBerlin，notatFriedrich’sexpense，butunderFriedrich’spatronage；whopurchasedsilverorgoldcopies，andgavethemabout。VeteranHeydehadaLetterfromhisMajesty，andoneofthesegoldMedals；——whatanhonor！IdonothearthatHeydegotanyotherreward，orthatheneededany。AbeautifuloldHero，voicelessinHistory；thoughveryvisibleinthatremotesphere，ifyoucaretolook。
ThatisthenewsfromColberg；comfortabletoFriedrich；notlikelytoinspireSoltikofwithnewalacrityinbehalfofDaun。Itremainstousonlytoadd，thatFriedrich，withaviewtoquickenDaun，shotout（September24th，afternightfall，andwithduemystery）aDetachmenttowardsNeisse，——4，000orso，whocallthemselves15，000，andaffecttobeforMahrenultimately。"ForMahren，andmybitofdailybread！"Daunmaywellthink；anddidforsometimethink，orpartlydid。Pushedoffonesmalldetachmentreallythither，tolookafterMahren；and（September29th）pushedoffanotherbigger；Lacynamely，with15，000，pretendingtobethither，——butwho，theinstanttheywereoutofFriedrich’ssight，havewhirled，atarapidpace，quiteintotheoppositedirection:
aswillshortlybeseen！Daunhasnowotherironsinthefire。
Daun，eversincethisfatalDead—lockintheHills，hasbeenshriekinghoarselytotheRussians，dayandnight；whoatlasttakepityonhim，——orfindsomethingfeasibleinhisproposals。
THERUSSIANSMAKEARAIDONBERLIN，FORRELIEFOFDAUN
ANDTHEIROWNBEHOOF（October3d—12th，1760）。
Powerfulentreaties，influencesareexercisedatPetersburg，andhereintheRussianCamp:"NobleRussianExcellencies，fortheloveofHeaven，takethismanoffmywindpipe！AsallyintoBrandenburg:
oh，couldnotyou？Lacyshallaccompany；seizureofBerlin，wereitonlyforoneday！"Soltikofhasfalleusick，——and，indeed，practicallyvanishesfromouraffairsatthispoint；——Fermor，whohascommandintheinterim，finallyconsents:"OurpoorsiegeofColberg，whatanendiscometoit！WhatanendisthewholeCampaignliketohave！LetusatleasttrythisofBerlin，sinceourhandsareempty。"ThejoyofDaun，ofMontalembert，andofeverybodyinAustrianCourtandCampmaybeconceived。
Russianstotheamountof20，000，CzernichefCommander；TottlebenSecondincommand，acleversoldier，whoknowsBerlin:thesearetostartfromSaganCountry，onthisfineExpedition，andtopushonattheverytopoftheirspeed。September20th，Tottleben，with3，000ofthemasVanguard，doesaccordinglycrossOder，atBeutheninSaganCountry；andstridesforwarddirectuponBerlin:
Lacy，with15，000，hasstartedfromSilesia，wesawhow，aboveaweeklater（September29th），butatastillmorefuriousrateofspeed。Soltikof，——theoreticallySoltikof，butpracticallyFermor，shouldthedimGermanBooksbeambiguoustoanystudiouscreature，——withtheMainArmy（whichbyitselfisstilla20，000odd），movestoFrankfurt，tosupporttheswiftExpedition，andbewithintwomarchesofit。Heresurelyisafeasibility！Berlin，fordefence，hasnothingbutweakpalisades；andofeffectivegarrison1，200men。
Andfeasible，inasort，thisthingdidprove；indisputablydeliveringDaunfromstrangulationintheSilesianMountains；
fillingtheGazetteermindwithloudemotionofanemptynature；
andverymuchaffectingmanypoorpeopleinBerlinandneighborhood。MakingabigChapterinBerlinLocalHistory；
thoughcompressibletosmallbulkforstrangers，whohavenospecificsympathiesinthatlocality。
"FRIDAY，3dOCTOBER，1760，Tottleben，withhishastyVanguardof3，000，precededbyhastierrumor，comescirclingroundBerlinenvirons；takespostattheHalleGate[WestsideoftheCity]；
summonsRochow[thesameoldCommandantofHaddick’stime]；——
requiresinstantadmittance；ransomofFourmillionThalers，andotherimpossiblethings。Berlinhasbeenputtingitselfinsomeposture；repairingitspalisades，throwingupbitsofredoubtsinfrontofthegates，and，thoughsoundingwithalarmsanduncertainties，showsafinespiritofreadinessfortheemergency。
RochowisstillCommandant，thesameoldRochowwhoshrunksoquestionablyinHaddick’stime:butRochowhasnoCourttotrembleforatpresent；QueenandRoyalFamily，Archives，PrincipalMinistries，Directoriuminabody，wentalltoMagdeburgagain，ontheKunersdorfDisasterlastyear，andaresafefromsuchinsults。
Thespiritofthepopulation，itappears，evenoftherichclasses，someofwhomareveryrich，isextraordinary。BesidesRochow，moreover，thereare，byaccident，certainGeneralsinBerlin:
Seidlitzandtwoothers，recoveringfromtheirKunersdorfhurts，whostepintothebreachwithheartadmirablywilling，ifwithlimbsstilllame。ThenthereisoldField—marshalLehwald[Anti—
RussianatGrossJagersdorf，butdismissedastooold]，whoisofficialGovernorofBerlin，whosucceededpoorKeithinthathonorableoffice:allthesewerestrongfordefence；——anddonotnowgrudge，greatmenastheyare，totakeeachhisGateofBerlin，hissmallredoubtthrownupthere，andpassthenightandthedayindoinghisutmostwithit。
"Rochowrefusesthesurrender，andtheFourMillionspurespecie；
andTottleben，about3P。M。inanintermittentway，andabout5inaconstant，beginsbombarding——grenadoes，red—hotballs，whathecan；——andcontinuesthes&metill3nextmorning。Withoutresulttospeakof；SeidlitzandConsortsmakinggoodcounter—play；thepoorold1，200ofGarrisongrowingalmostyoungagainwithenergy，undertheirSeidlitzes；andthepopulationzealouslyco—operating，especiallyquenchingallfiresthatrose。WhatgreatlycontributedwithalwasthearrivalofPrinceEugenovernight。EugenofWurtemberg[cadetofthatbadDuke]hadbeenengageddrivinghometheSwedes，butinstantlyquittedthatwitha5，000hehad；andhasmarchedthisday，——hisVanguardhas，mostlyHorse，whomtheFootwillfollowto—morrow，——adistanceoffortymiles，onthisfineerrand。Delicatemanoeuvring，bytheseweariedhorsemen，toenterBerlinamiduncertainjostlings，undertheshineofRussianbombardment；ecstaticwelcometothem，whentheydidgetin，——
instantsubscriptionforfatoxentothem；ajustabundanceofbeeftothem，ofgenerousbeerIhopenotmorethananabundance:
phenomenawhich，withothersofthelike，couldbedwelton，hadweroom。[Tempelhof，iv。266—290；Archenholtz，ii。122—148；
Helden—Geschichte，vi。103—149，350—352；
&c。&c。]’
"Tottleben，undertheseomens，founditwouldnotdo；wendedofftowardshisCzernichefnextmorning；eastwardagainasfarasCopenik，PrinceEugenattendinghiminaminatorymanner:and，inBerlinforthemoment，thebadtenhourswereover。Forfourdaysmore，thefateofthingshungdubious；hopesoonfadingagain，butnotquitegoingouttillthefifthday。Andthis，infact，wasmainlyallofbombardmentthattheCityhadtosuffer；thoughitsfateofcapturewasnottobeaverted。IsnotTottlebengone？
Yes；butLacy，marchingatarateheneverdidbefore（exceptfromBischofswerda），isarrivedintheenvironsthissameevening，cautiousbutfurious。TheKingisfaraway；whatareEugen’s5，000
againstthese？
"Ontheotherhand，Hulsen，leavinghisSaxonaffairstotheirchance，——which，alas，areaboutextinct，atanyrate；
exceptWittenberg，allSaxonygonefromus！——Hulsenisonwingedmarchhitherwardwithabout9，000。’HowwouldtheKingcomeonwings，likeaneaglefromtheBlue，ifhewerebutaware！’thoughteverybody，andsaid。Hulsendidarriveonthe8th；sothattherearenow14，000ofus。Hulsendid；——butnoKingcould；theKingisjuststarting（October4th，theKing，onthesebadrumorsaboutSaxony，aboutBerlin，quittedtheattemptonDaun；October7th，gotonmarchhitherward；hasfinishedhisfirstmarchhitherward，——Daungraduallypreparingtoattendhiminthedistance），——whenHulsenarrives。AndherearealltheirLacys，Czernichefsfairlyassembled；fivetotwoofus，——35，000ofthemagainstour14，000。
"HulsenandEugen，drawnoutintheirskilfulestway，manoeuvredabout，allthisWednesday，8th；attempted，didnotattempt；
foundoncandidexamination，That14，000VERSUS35，000ranagreatriskofbeingworsted；that，insuchcase，thefateoftheCitymightbestillmorefrightful；andthat，onthewhole，theironecoursewasthatofwithdrawingtoSpandau，andleavingpoorBerlintocapitulateasitcould。CapitulationstartsagainwithTottlebenthatsamenight；Gotzkowsky，amagnanimousCitizenandMerchant—
Prince，steppingforthwithbeautifulcourageousfurtherancesofeverykind；anditendsbetterthanonecouldhavehoped:Ransom——
notofFourMillionspurespecie（whichwouldhavebeen600，000
pounds）:’GraciousSir，itisbeyondourutmostpossibility！’——butofOneandaHalfMillioninmodernEphraimcoin；witha30，000
poundsofdouceur—moneytothecommonman，RussianandAustrian，forhisforbearance；——’fortherest，weareatyourExcellency’smercy，inamanner！’Andso，"THURSDAY，OCTOBER9th，about7inthemorning，Tottlebenmarchesin；exactlysixdayssincehefirstcamecirclingtotheHalleGateandbeganbombarding。Tottleben，knowingFriedrich，knewthevalueofdespatch；and，theysay，wasprivatelynoenemytoBerlin，rememberingoldgratefuldayshere。ForTottlebenhashimselfbeenindifficulties；indeed，wasneverlongoutofthem，duringthelongstormylifehehad。NotaRussianatall；thoughIsupposeFatherofthenowRussianTottlebenswhomonehearsof:thisonewasapoorSaxonGentleman，PageoncetopoorolddrunkenWeissenfels，whom，foracertainfairsoul’ssake，wesightoremember！Weissenfelsdying，TottlebenbecameasoldierofPolishMajesty’s；——acceptablesoldier，butdisagreedwithBruhl，forwhichnobodywilllikehimworse。DisagreedwithBruhl；wentintotheDutchservice（mayhavebeeninFontenoyforwhatIknow）；
wastheretillAix—la—Chapelle，tillafterAix—la—Chapelle；
kindlytreated，andpromotedintheDutchArmy；butwithoutlooks，Icanfancy，ratherdull。Outlooksprobablydullinsuchanelement，——when，beingahandsomefellowinepaulettes（Major—
General，infact，thoughpoor），he，diligentlyendeavoring，caughttheeyeofaDutchWest—IndianHeiress；softcreaturewithnoendofmoney；whomheprivatelywedded，andranawaywith。TothehorrorofherappointedDutchLoverandFriends；whoprosecutedthepoorMajor—Generalwiththeutmostrigor，notofLawonly。AndwereliketobetheruinofhisfairWest—Indianandhim；
whenFriedrich，about1754asIguess，gavehimshelterinBerlin；
findingnoinsupportableobjectioninwhatthemanhaddone。
Therather，ashisHeiressandhewererich。TottlebengainedgeneralfavorinBerlinsociety；wished，in1756，totakeservicewithFriedrichonthebreakingoutofthisWar。’AColonelwithme，yes，’saidFriedrich。ButTottlebenhadbeenMajor—GeneralamongtheDutch，andcouldnotconsenttosink；hadtogoamongtheRussiansforaMajor—Generalcy；andthereandelsewhere，formanyyearscoming，hadmanyadventures，mostlytroublesome，whichshallnotbememorabletoushere。[SketchofTottleben’sLife；inRODENBECK，ii。69—72。]