Thisisprettytakenseparately，and，asisalwaysthecasewiththegoodthingsofgoodwriters，muchprettierinitsplacethancanevenbeconceivedbythosewhoseeitonlydetachedfromthecontext。NowforMr。Montgomery:
　　"Andthebrightdew—beadonthebramblelies，Likeliquidraptureuponbeauty’seyes。"
　　Thecomparisonofaviolet，brightwiththedew，toawoman’seyes，isasperfectasacomparisoncanbe。SirWalter’slinesarepartofasongaddressedtoawomanatdaybreak，whenthevioletsarebathedindew；andthecomparisonisthereforepeculiarlynaturalandgraceful。Dewonabrambleisnomorelikeawoman’seyesthandewanywhereelse。ThereisaveryprettyEasterntaleofwhichthefateofplagiaristsoftenremindsus。
　　Theslaveofamagiciansawhismasterwavehiswand，andheardhimgiveorderstothespiritswhoaroseatthesummons。Theslavestolethewand，andwavedithimselfintheair；buthehadnotobservedthathismasterusedthelefthandforthatpurpose。
　　Thespiritsthusirregularlysummonedtorethethieftopiecesinsteadofobeyinghisorders。ThereareveryfewwhocansafelyventuretoconjurewiththerodofSirWalter；andMr。RobertMontgomeryisnotoneofthem。
　　Mr。Campbell，inoneofhismostpleasingpieces，hasthisline，"Thesentinelstarssettheirwatchinthesky。"
　　Thethoughtisgood，andhasaverystrikingproprietywhereMr。
　　Campbellhasplacedit，inthemouthofasoldiertellinghisdream。But，thoughShakspeareassuresusthat"everytrueman’sapparelfitsyourthief，"itisbynomeansthecase，aswehavealreadyseen，thateverytruepoet’ssimilitudefitsyourplagiarist。LetusseehowMr。RobertMontgomeryusestheimage。
　　"Yequenchlessstars！soeloquentlybright，Untroubledsentriesoftheshadowynight，Whilehalftheworldislapp’dindownydreams，Androundthelatticecreepyourmidnightbeams，Howsweettogazeuponyourplacideyes，Inlambentbeautylookingfromtheskies。"
　　Certainlytheideasofeloquence，ofuntroubledrepose，ofplacideyes，ofthelambentbeautyonwhichitissweettogaze，harmoniseadmirablywiththeideaofasentry。
　　Wewouldnotbeunderstood，however，tosay，thatMr。RobertMontgomerycannotmakesimilitudesforhimself。Averyfewlinesfurtheron，wefindonewhichhaseverymarkoforiginality，andonwhich，wewillbebound，noneofthepoetswhomhehasplunderedwilleverthinkofmakingreprisals"Thesoul，aspiring，pantsitssourcetomount，Asstreamsmeanderlevelwiththeirfount。"
　　Wetakethistobe，onthewhole，theworstsimilitudeintheworld。Inthefirstplace，nostreammeanders，orcanpossiblymeander，levelwithitsfount。Inthenextplace，ifstreamsdidmeanderlevelwiththeirfounts，notwomotionscanbelesslikeeachotherthanthatofmeanderinglevelandthatofmountingupwards。
　　WehavethenanapostrophetotheDeity，couchedintermswhich，inanywriterwhodealtinmeanings，weshouldcallprofane，buttowhichwesupposeMr。RobertMontgomeryattachesnoideawhatever:
　　"YesIpauseandthink，withinonefleetinghour，HowvastauniverseobeysThypower；
　　Unseen，butfelt，ThineinterfusedcontrolWorksineachatom，andpervadesthewhole；
　　Expandstheblossom，anderectsthetree，Conductseachvapour，andcommandseachsea，Beamsineachray，bidswhirlwindsbeunfurl’d，Unrolsthethunder，andupheavesaworld！"
　　Nofield—preachersurelyevercarriedhisirreverentfamiliaritysofarastobidtheSupremeBeingstopandthinkontheimportanceoftheinterestswhichareunderHiscare。Thegrotesqueindecencyofsuchanaddressthrowsintoshadethesubordinateabsurditiesofthepassage，theunfurlingofwhirlwinds，theunrollingofthunder，andtheupheavingofworlds。
　　Thencomesacuriousspecimenofourpoet’sEnglish:
　　"YetnotalonecreatedrealmsengageThyfaultlesswisdom，grand，primevalsage！
　　ForallthethrongingwoestolifealliedThymercytempers，andthycaresprovide。"
　　Weshouldbegladtoknowwhattheword"For"meanshere。Ifitisapreposition，itmakesnonsenseofthewords，"Thymercytempers。"Ifitisanadverb，itmakesnonsenseofthewords，"Thycaresprovide。"
　　Thesebeautieswehavetaken，almostatrandom，fromthefirstpartofthepoem。Thesecondpartisaseriesofdescriptionsofvariousevents，abattle，amurder，anexecution，amarriage，afuneral，andsoforth。Mr。RobertMontgomeryterminateseachofthesedescriptionsbyassuringusthattheDeitywaspresentatthebattle，murder，execution，marriageorfuneralinquestion。
　　Andthispropositionwhichmightbesafelypredicatedofeveryeventthateverhappenedoreverwillhappen，formstheonlylinkwhichconnectsthesedescriptionswiththesubjectorwitheachother。
　　Howthedescriptionsareexecutedourreadersareprobablybythistimeabletoconjecture。Thebattleismadeupofthebattlesofallagesandnations:"red—mouthedcannons，uproaringtotheclouds，"and"handsgraspingfirmtheglitteringshield。"
　　Theonlymilitaryoperationsofwhichthispartofthepoemremindsus，arethosewhichreducedtheAbbeyofQuedlinburghtosubmission，theTemplarwithhiscross，theAustrianandPrussiangrenadiersinfulluniform，andCurtiusandDentatuswiththeirbattering—ram。Weoughtnottopassunnoticedtheslainwar—
　　horse，whowillnomore"Rollhisredeye，andrallyforthefight"；
　　ortheslainwarriorwho，while"lyingonhisbleedingbreast，"
　　contrivesto"stareghastlyandgrimlyontheskies。"Astothislastexploit，wecanonlysay，asDantedidonasimilaroccasion，"Forseperforzagiadi’parlasiaSistravolsecosialcundeltuttoMaionolvidi，necredochesia。"
　　Thetempestisthusdescribed:
　　"Butlo！aroundthemarsh’llingcloudsunite，Likethickbattalionshaltingforthefight；
　　Thesunsinksback，thetempestspiritssweepFiercethroughtheairandflutteronthedeep。
　　Tillfromtheircavernsrushthemaniacblasts，Teartheloosesails，andsplitthecreakingmasts，Andthelash’dbillows，rollinginatrain，Reartheirwhiteheads，andracealongthemain"
　　What，weshouldliketoknow，isthedifferencebetweenthetwooperationswhichMr。RobertMontgomerysoaccuratelydistinguishesfromeachother，thefiercesweepingofthetempest—spiritsthroughtheair，andtherushingofthemaniacblastsfromtheircaverns？Andwhydoestheformeroperationendexactlywhenthelattercommences？
　　WecannotstopovereachofMr。RobertMontgomery’sdescriptions。
　　Wehaveashipwreckedsailor，who"visionsaviewlesstempleintheair"；amurdererwhostandsonaheath，"withashylips，incoldconvulsionspread"；apiousman，towhom，asheliesinbedatnight，"Thepanoramaofpastlifeappears，Warmshispuremind，andmeltsitintotears":
　　atraveller，wholoseshisway，owingtothethicknessofthe"cloud—battalion，"andthewantof"heaven—lamps，tobeamtheirholylight。"Wehaveadescriptionofaconvictedfelon，stolenfromthatincomparablepassageinCrabbe’sBorough，whichhasmademanyaroughandcynicalreadercrylikeachild。Wecan，however，conscientiouslydeclarethatpersonsofthemostexcitablesensibilitymaysafelyventureuponMr，RobertMontgomery’sversion。Thenwehavethe"poor，mindless，pale—
　　facedmaniacboy，"who"RollshisvacanteyeTogreettheglowingfanciesofthesky。"
　　Whataretheglowingfanciesofthesky？Andwhatisthemeaningofthetwolineswhichalmostimmediatelyfollow？
　　"Asoullessthing，aspiritofthewoods，Helovestocommunewiththefieldsandfloods。"
　　Howcanasoullessthingbeaspirit？ThencomesapanegyricontheSunday。Abaptismfollows；afterthatamarriage:andwethenproceed，induecourse，tothevisitationofthesick，andtheburialofthedead。
　　OftenasDeathhasbeenpersonified，Mr。Montgomeryhasfoundsomethingnewtosayabouthim:
　　"0Death！thoudreadlessvanquisherofearth，TheElementsshrankblastedatthybirth！
　　Careeringroundtheworldliketempestwind，Martyrsbefore，andvictimsstrew’dbehindAgesonagescannotgrapplethee，Draggingtheworldintoeternity！"
　　Iftherebeanyonelineinthispassageaboutwhichwearemoreinthedarkthanabouttherest，itisthefourth。Whatthedifferencemaybebetweenthevictimsandthemartyrs，andwhythemartyrsaretoliebeforeDeath，andthevictimsbehindhim，aretousgreatmysteries。
　　Wenowcometothethirdpart，ofwhichwemaysaywithhonestCassio，"Why，thisisamoreexcellentsongthantheother。"Mr。
　　RobertMontgomeryisverysevereontheinfidels，andundertakestoprove，that，asheelegantlyexpressesit，"OnegreatEnchanterhelm’dtheharmoniouswhole。"
　　Whatanenchanterhastodowithhelming，orwhatahelmhastodowithharmony，hedoesnotexplain。Heproceedswithhisargumentthus:
　　"AnddaremendreamthatdismalChancehasframedAllthattheeyeperceives，ortonguehasnamedThespaciousworld，andallitswonders，bornDesignless，self—created，andforlorn；
　　Liketotheflashingbubblesonastream，Firefromthecloud，orphantominadream？"
　　WeshouldbesorrytostakeourfaithinahigherPoweronMr。
　　RobertMontgomery’slogic。Heinformsusthatlightningisdesignlessandself—created。Ifhecanbelievethis，wecannotconceivewhyhemaynotbelievethatthewholeuniverseisdesignlessandself—created。Afewlinesbefore，hetellsusthatitistheDeitywhobids"thunderrattlefromtheskieydeep。"
　　Histheoryisthereforethis，thatGodmadethethunder，butthatthelightningmadeitself。
　　ButMr。RobertMontgomery’smetaphysicsarenotatpresentourgame。HeproceedstosetforththefearfuleffectsofAtheism"Then，blood—stain`dMurder，barethyhideousarmAndthou，Rebellion，welterinthystorm:
　　Awake，yespiritsofavengingcrime；
　　Burstfromyourbonds，andbattlewiththetime！"
　　Mr。RobertMontgomeryisfondofpersonification，andbelongs，weneednotsay，tothatschoolofpoetswhoholdthatnothingmoreisnecessarytoapersonificationinpoetrythantobeginawordwithacapitalletter。Murdermay，withoutimpropriety，bareherarm，asshedidlongago，inMr。Campbell’sPleasuresofHope。
　　ButwhatpossiblemotiveRebellioncanhaveforwelteringinherstorm，whatavengingcrimemaybe，whoitsspiritsmaybe，whytheyshouldbeburstfromtheirbonds，whattheirbondsmaybe，whytheyshouldbattlewiththetime，whatthetimemaybe，andwhatabattlebetweenthetimeandthespiritsofavengingcrimewouldresemble，wemustconfessourselvesquiteunabletounderstand。
　　"AndhereletMemoryturnhertearfulglanceOnthedarkhorrorsoftumultuousFrance，Whenbloodandblasphemydefiledherland，AndfierceRebellionshookhersavagehand。"
　　WhetherRebellionshakesherownhand，shakesthehandofMemory，orshakesthehandofFrance，orwhatanyoneofthesethreemetaphorswouldmean，we，knownomorethanweknowwhatisthesenseofthefollowingpassage"LetthefoulorgiesofinfuriatecrimePicturetheraginghavocofthattime，WhenleaguedRebellionmarch’dtokindleman，Frightinherrear，andMurderinhervan。
　　Andthou，sweetflowerofAustria，slaughter’dQueen，Whodropp’dnotearuponthedreadfulscene，Whengush’dthelife—bloodfromthineangelform，Andmartyr’dbeautyperish’dinthestorm，Onceworshipp’dparagonofallwhosaw，Thylookobedience，andthysmilealaw。"
　　Whatisthedistinctionbetweenthefoulorgiesandtheraginghavocwhichthefoulorgiesaretopicture？WhydoesFrightgobehindRebellion，andMurderbefore？WhyshouldnotMurderfallbehindFright？Orwhyshouldnotallthethreewalkabreast？Wehavereadofaherowhohad"Amazementinhisvan，withflightcombined，AndSorrow’sfadedform，andSolitudebehind。"
　　Gray，wesuspect，couldhavegivenareasonfordisposingtheallegoricalattendantsofEdwardthus。Buttoproceed，"FlowerofAustria"isstolenfromByron。"Dropp’d"isfalseEnglish。
　　"Perish’dinthestorm"meansnothingatall；and"thylookobedience"meanstheveryreverseofwhatMr。RobertMontgomeryintendstosay。
　　Ourpoetthenproceedstodemonstratetheimmortalityofthesoul:
　　"Andshallthesoul，thefountofreason，die，Whendustanddarknessrounditstemplelie？
　　DidGodbreatheinitnoetherealfire。
　　Dimlessandquenchless，thoughthebreathexpire？"
　　Thesoulisafountain；andthereforeitisnottodie，thoughdustanddarknesslierounditstemple，becauseanetherealfirehasbeenbreathedintoit，whichcannotbequenchedthoughitsbreathexpire。Isitthefountain，orthetemple，thatbreathes，andhasfirebreathedintoit？
　　Mr。Montgomeryapostrophisesthe"Immortalbeacons，——spiritsofthejust，"——
　　anddescribestheiremploymentsinanotherworld，whicharetobe，itseems，bathinginlight，hearingfierystreamsflow，andridingonlivingcarsoflightning。Thedeathbedofthescepticisdescribedwithwhatwesupposeismeantforenergy。WethenhavethedeathbedofaChristianmadeasridiculousasfalseimageryandfalseEnglishcanmakeit。Butthisisnotenough。
　　TheDayofJudgmentistobedescribed，andaroaringcataractofnonsenseispouredforthuponthistremendoussubject。Earth，wearetold，isdashedintoEternity。Furnaceblazeswheelroundthehorizon，andburstintobrightwizardphantoms。Racinghurricanesunrollandwhirlquiveringfire—clouds。Thewhitewavesgallop。
　　Shadowyworldscareeraround。TheredandragingeyeofImaginationisthenforbiddentopryfurther。ButfurtherMr。
　　RobertMontgomerypersistsinprying。Thestarsboundthroughtheairyroar。Theunbosomeddeepyawnsontheruin。ThebillowsofEternitythenbegintoadvance。Theworldglaresinfieryslumber。Acarcomesforwarddrivenbylivingthunder，"Creationshudderswithsublimedismay，Andinablazingtempestwhirlsaway。"
　　Andthisisfinepoetry！Thisiswhatranksitswriterwiththemaster—spiritsoftheage！Thisiswhathasbeendescribed，overandoveragain，intermswhichwouldrequiresomequalificationifusedrespectingParadiseLost！Itistoomuchthatthispatchwork，madebystitchingtogetheroldoddsandendsofwhat，whennew，wasbuttawdryfrippery，istobepickedoffthedunghillonwhichitoughttorot，andtobehelduptoadmirationasaninestimablespecimenofart。Andwhatmustwethinkofasystembymeansofwhichverseslikethosewhichwehavequoted，versesfitonlyforthepoet’scorneroftheMorningPost，canproduceemolumentandfame？Thecirculationofthiswriter’spoetryhasbeengreaterthanthatofSouthey’sRoderick，andbeyondallcomparisongreaterthanthatofCary’sDanteorofthebestworksofColeridge。Thusencouraged，Mr。RobertMontgomeryhasfavouredthepublicwithvolumeaftervolume。WehavegivensomuchspacetotheexaminationofhisfirstandmostpopularperformancethatwehavenonetospareforhisUniversalPrayer，andhissmallerpoems，which，asthepuffingjournalstellus，wouldaloneconstituteasufficienttitletoliteraryimmortality。Weshallpassatoncetohislastpublication，entitledSatan。
　　Thispoemwasusheredintotheworldwiththeusualroarofacclamation。Butthethingwasnowpastajoke。Pretensionssounfounded，soimpudent，andsosuccessful，hadarousedaspiritofresistance。Inseveralmagazinesandreviews，accordingly，Satanhasbeenhandledsomewhatroughly，andtheartsofthepuffershavebeenexposedwithgoodsenseandspirit。Weshall，therefore，beveryconcise。
　　OfthetwopoemsweratherpreferthatontheOmnipresenceoftheDeity，forthesamereasonwhichinducedSirThomasMoretorankonebadbookaboveanother。"Marry，thisissomewhat。Thisisrhyme。Buttheotherisneitherrhymenorreason。"Satanisalongsoliloquy，whichtheDevilpronouncesinfiveorsixthousandlinesofbadblankverse，concerninggeography，politics，newspapers，fashionablesociety，theatricalamusements，SirWalterScott’snovels，LordByron’spoetry，andMr。Martin’spictures。ThenewdesignsforMiltonhave，aswasnatural，particularlyattractedtheattentionofapersonagewhooccupiessoconspicuousaplaceinthem。Mr。Martinmustbepleasedtolearnthat，whatevermaybethoughtofthoseperformancesonearth，theygivefullsatisfactioninPandaemonium，andthatheistherethoughttohavehitoffthelikenessesofthevariousThronesandDominationsveryhappily。
　　ThemottotothepoemofSatanistakenfromtheBookofJob:
　　"Whencecomestthou？Fromgoingtoandfrointheearth，andwalkingupanddowninit。"AndcertainlyMr。RobertMontgomeryhasnotfailedtomakehisherogotoandfro，andwalkupanddown。Withtheexception，however，ofthispropensitytolocomotion，SatanhasnotoneSatanicquality。MadTomhadtoldusthat"theprinceofdarknessisagentleman"；butwehadyettolearnthatheisarespectableandpiousgentleman，whoseprincipalfaultisthatheissomethingofatwaddleandfartooliberalofhisgoodadvice。ThathappychangeinhischaracterwhichOrigenanticipated，andofwhichTillotsondidnotdespair，seemstoberapidlytakingplace。Badhabitsarenoteradicatedinamoment。Itisnotstrange，therefore，thatsooldanoffendershouldnowandthenrelapseforashorttimeintowrongdispositions。Buttogivehimhisdue，astheproverbrecommends，wemustsaythathealwaysreturns，aftertwoorthreelinesofimpiety，tohispreachingstyle。WewouldseriouslyadviseMr。
　　Montgomerytoomitoralteraboutahundredlinesindifferentpartsofthislargevolume，andtorepublishitunderthenameofGabriel。Thereflectionsofwhichitconsistswouldcomelessabsurdly，asfarasthereisamoreandalessinextremeabsurdity，fromagoodthanfromabadangel。
　　Wecanaffordroomonlyforasinglequotation。Wegiveonetakenatrandom，neitherworsenorbetter，asfaraswecanperceive，thananyotherequalnumberoflinesinthebook。TheDevilgoestotheplay，andmoralisesthereonasfollows:
　　"MusicandPomptheirminglingspiritshedAroundme:beautiesintheircloud—likerobesShineforth，——ascenicparadise，itglaresIntoxicationthroughthereelingsenseOfflush’denjoyment。InthemotleyhostThreeprimegradationsmayberank’d:thefirst，TomountuponthewingsofShakspeare’smind，AndwinaflashofhisPrometheanthought，Tosmileandweep，toshudder，andachieveAroundofpassionateomnipotence，Attend:thesecond，areasensualtribe，Convenedtohearromanticharlotssing，Onformstobanquetalasciviousgaze，WhilethebrightperfidyofwantoneyesThroughbrainandspiritdartsdeliciousfireThelast，athrongmostpitiful！whoseem，Withtheircorrodedfigures，raylessglance，Anddeath—likestruggleofdecayingage，LikepaintedskeletonsincharnelpompSetforthtosatirisethehumankind！
　　Howfineaprospectfordemoniacview！
　　’Creatureswhosesoulsoutbalanceworldsawake！’
　　MethinksIhearapityingangelcry。"
　　Hereweconclude。IfourremarksgivepaintoMr。RobertMontgomery，wearesorryforit。But，atwhatevercostofpaintoindividuals，literaturemustbepurifiedfromthistaint。And，toshowthatwearenotactuatedbyanyfeelingofpersonalenmitytowardshim，weherebygivenoticethat，assoonasanybookshall，bymeansofpuffing，reachasecondedition，ourintentionistodountothewriterofitaswehavedoneuntoMr。RobertMontgomery。
　　INDEXANDGLOSSARYOFALLUSIONS
　　ABSOLUTE，SirAnthony，aleadingcharacterinSheridan’splayofTheRivalsAdarkerandfiercerspirit，JonathanSwift，thegreatTorywriter（1667—1745）
　　AgbarusorAbgarus，theallegedauthorofaspuriouslettertoJesusChrist。EdessaisinMesopotamia。
　　Alboin，KingoftheLombards，561—573，heinvadedItalyasfarastheTiberAlcina，thepersonificationofcarnalpleasureintheOrlandoFuriosoAldus，thefamousVenetianprinter（1447—1515），whoissuedtheAldineeditionsoftheclassicsandinventeditalictypeAlfieri，Italiandramatist，andoneofthepioneersoftherevoltagainsteighteenth—centuryliteraryandsocietymodels（1749—
　　1803）
　　Algarotti，Francesco，alitterateur，friendofVoltaire。Fredericmadehimacount（1764）
　　Alnaschar，see"TheHistoryoftheBarber’sFifthBrother，"
　　intheArabianNightsAlva，Dukeof，theinfamousgovernoroftheNetherlands（1508—
　　82）
　　Amadeus，Victor，"thefaithlessrulerofSavoy，"whoforabribedesertedAustria，whosetroopshewascommander—inchiefofforFrance，in1692
　　Arbuthnot，Dr。，authoroftheHistoryofJohnBull，friendofSwiftandPope（1679—1735）
　　Arminius，aGermanwho，asahostage，enteredtheRomanarmy，butafterwardsrevoltedandledhiscountrymenagainstRome（d。23
　　A。D。）
　　Armorica，FrancebetweentheSeineandtheLoire，BrittanyArtevelde，Von。，Jacobv。A。andPhilip，hisson，ledthepeopleofFlandersintheirrevoltagainstCountLouisandhisFrenchsupporters（fourteenthcentury）
　　Ascham，Roger，andAylmer，John，tutorsofQueenElizabethandLadyJaneGreyrespectivelyAthalie，Saul，Cinna，dramasbyRacineAlfieri，andCorneillerespectivelyAtticus，Sporus，i。e。AddisonandLordJohnHervey，satirizedinPope’sEpistletoDr。ArbuthnotAttila，KingoftheHuns，the"ScourgeofGod"whooverrantheRomanEmpirebutwasfinallybeatenbythealliedGothsandRomans（d。453）
　　Aubrey，John，aneminentantiquarywholostanumberofinheritedestatesbylawsuitsandbadmanagement（1624—97）
　　BADAJOZandSt。Sebastian，townsinSpaincapturedfromtheFrenchduringthePeninsularWarBastiani，wasatfirstoneofthebigPotsdamgrenadiers；
　　FredericmadehimAbbotofSilesiaBayes，Miss，withreferencetothenameusedinTheRehearsal，byGeorgeVilliers，DukeofBuckingham，tosatirizeDryden，thepoet—laureateBayle，Pierre，authorofthefamousDictionnaireHistoriqueetCritique；professorofphilosophyatPaduaandatRotterdam（1647—1706）
　　Beauclerk，Topham，Johnson’sfriend，"thechivalrousT。B。，withhissharpwitandgallant，courtlyways"（Carlyle），（1739—80）
　　Beaumarchais，seeCarlyle’sFrenchRevolution。AsacomicdramatistherankssecondonlytoMoliere。HesupportedtheRevolutionwithhismoneyandhisversatilepowersofspeechandwriting。HeeditedaneditiondeluxeofVoltaire’sworks（1732—
　　99）
　　Behn，Afra，thelicentiousnovelistandmistressofCharles11。
　　（1640—89），who，asaspyinHolland，discoveredtheDutchplansforburningtheThamesshippingBelle—Isle，Frenchmarshal；foughtintheAustriancampaignof1740andrepelledtheAustrianinvasionof1744（d。1761）
　　BeloeWilliam，amiscellaneouswriter，whoseversionofHerodotus，sofarfrombeingflat，is，while"infinitelybelowthemodernstandardinpointofaccuracy，muchabovemodernperformanceinpointofreadableness"（Dr。Garnett），（1756—1817）
　　Bender，80milesN。W。fromOdessa，inS。RussiaBentley，Richard，masterofTrinityCollege，Cambridge，andaneminentphilologist（1662—1742）
　　Bettesworth，anIrishman，lampoonedinSwift’sMiscellaniesBettyCareless，oneofMacaulay’sinventionswhichsufficientlyexplainsitselfBetty，Master，aboy—actor，knownastheInfantRoscius。Havingacquiredafortunehelivedinretirement（1791—1874）
　　BlackFrank，Johnson’snegroservant，FrankBarberBlackmore，SirRichard，awordypoetaster（d。1729），whowasthebuttofallcontemporarywitsBlair，Dr。Hugh，Scotchdivineancritic，encouragedMacphersontopublishtheOssianpoetry（1718—1800）
　　Blatantcast，the，doesnotreallydie。SeetheendofFaeryQueenvi。
　　BobadilandBeseus，PistolandParolles，braggartcharactersinJonson’sEveryManinHisHumour，BeaumontandFletcher’sKingandnoKing，Shakespeare’sHenryV。，andAll’sWellthatEndsWell，respectivelyBoileau，Nicholas，thegreatFrenchcritic，whoseArtofPoetrylongconstitutedthecanonsofFrenchandEnglishliteraryart（1636—1711）
　　BoltCourt，ontheN。sideofFleetStreet。JohnsonlivedatNo。
　　8from1777tillhisdeathin1784
　　Borodino，70mileswestfromMoscow，wheretheRussiansmadeastandagainstNapoleon，1812
　　Boscan，aSpanishimitatorofPetrarchAlva’stutor；servedinItaly（1485—1533）
　　Bourne，Vincent，anusheratWestminsterSchool，mentionedearlyinthe"EssayonWarrenHastings，"
　　Boyle，Hon。Charles，editedtheLettersofPhalariswhichgaverisetothefamouscontroversywithBentley，forwhich，seetheessayonSirWilliamTemple（vol。iii。ofthisedition）
　　Bradamante，inAriosto’sOrlandoFurioso，aChristianladywholovestheSaracenknight，RuggieroBrothers，Richard，afanaticwhoheldthattheEnglishwerethelosttentribesofIsrael（1757—1824）
　　Brownrigg，Mrs。，executedatTyburn（1767）forabusingandmurderingherapprenticesBruhl，Count，thefavouriteofAugustusIII。ofSaxonywhoenrichedhimselfattheriskofruininghismasterandhiscountry。
　　Bucer，Martin，aGermanreformerwhomediatedbetweenLutherandZwingli，andbecameProfessorofDivinityatCambridge（1491~1551）
　　Buchanan，George，Scottishscholarandhumanist；tutortoMaryQueenofScotsandJamesVI。（1506—82）
　　Burn，Richard，anEnglishvicarcompiledseverallawdigestsamongthemtheJusticeofthePeace，（1709—85）
　　Burnet，Gilbert，bishopofSalisbury，supportedtheclaimsofWilliamofOrangetotheEnglishthrone，andwrotetheHistoryofmyOwnTimes（1643—1715）
　　Button’s，onthesouthsideofRussellStreet，CovertGardensucceededWill’sasthewits’resortButts，Dr。physician—in—ordinarytoHenryVIII。（d。1545）andoneofthecharactersinShakespeare’sHenryVIII。
　　CACUS，themythologicalgiantwhostoletheoxenofHerculesCamaldoli，Orderof，foundedbySt。Romauld，aBenedictine（eleventhcentury）intheValeofCamaldoliamongtheTuscanApenninesCambray，Confederatesof，thepope，theemperor。FranceandSpainwhobytheLeagueofCambraycombinedtoattackVeniceCampbell，Dr。John，amiscellaneouspoliticalandhistoricalwriter（1708~75）
　　Capreae，orCapri，asmallislandnineteenmilessouthfromNaples，thefavouriteresidenceofAugustusandTiberius，andthesceneofthelatter’slicentiousorgiesCapuchins，abranchofthemonasticorderoftheFranciscansCarlile，Richard，adiscipleofTomPaine’swhowasrepeatedlyimprisonedforhisradicalism。HeworkedespeciallyforthefreedomofthePress（1790—1843）
　　Carter，Mrs。，adistinguishedlinguistandtranslatorofEpictetusCasaubon，Isaac，ProfessorofGreekatGenevaCuratoroftheRoyalLibraryatParis，PrebendaryofCanterbury:afamoussixteenth—centuryscholar（1559—1614），Catinat，Frenchmarshalinchargeofthe1701ItaliancampaignagainstMarlborough’sally，PrinceEugeneofSavoyCave，Edward，printer，editor，publisher，andproprietoroftheGentleman’sMagazine（1691—1754）
　　Chatelet，Madamedu，Voltaire’smistress，c1733—47（d。1749）
　　Chaulieu，Guillaume，awittybutnegligentpoetaster（1639—1720）
　　Chaumette，Pierre，aviolentextremistintheFrenchRevolutionwhoprovokedevenRobespierre’sdisgust；guillotined，1794
　　Childs，theclergycoffee—houseinSt。Paul’s。St。James’s（ib。）
　　inthestreetofthatname，wastheresortofbeauxandstatesmenandanotoriousgamblinghouseChillingworth，William，anableEnglishcontroversialdivine；
　　sufferedatthehandsofthePuritansasanadherentofCharlesI。（1602—43）
　　Churchill，Charles，aclergymanandsatiricalPoetwhoattackedJohnsoninTheGhost（1731—64）
　　Clootz，aFrenchRevolutionaryandoneofthefoundersofthe"WorshipofReason:"guillotined1794
　　Colburn，（Zerah），b。atVermont，U。S。A。，in1804，andnotedinyouthforhisextraordinarypowersofcalculation（d。1840）
　　Coligni，Gaspardde，FrenchadmiralandleaderoftheHuguenots；
　　massacredonSt。Bartholomew’sEve，1572
　　Colle，Charles，dramatistandsong—writer（d。1777）；youngCrebillon（d。1777）wrotefictionCondorcet，aFrenchMarquis（1743—94）ofmoderateRevolutionarytendencies，whofellavictimtotheExtremistsHewroteextensivelyandclearly，butwithoutgeniusConstituentAssembly，theNationalAssemblyofFrancefrom1789
　　to1792
　　Corderius，afamoussixteenth—centuryteacher——Calvinwasapupilofhis——inFranceandSwitzerland（d。1564）whopublishedseveralschool—booksCortes，conquerorofMexico（1485—1547）；theSpanishParliamentCotta，Caius，afamousRomanorator，partlycontemporarywithCicero，whomentionshimwithhonourCourland，aprovinceontheBalticoncebelongingtoPolandsince1795toRussiaCoventry，Solicitor—GeneralofEnglandin1616，Attorney—Generalin1620andLordKeeperin1625
　　Cradock，Joseph，aversatilewriterandactorwhoseramblingLiteraryandMiscellaneousMemoirscontainseveralanecdotesofJohnsonandhiscircle（1742—1826）
　　CurllandOsborne，twonotoriousbooksellerswhoowetheirimmortalitytoPope’sDunciadCurtius，thenobleRomanyouthwholeapedintothechasmintheForumandsocloseditbythesacrificeofRome’smostpreciouspossession——agoodcitizenDACIER，Andrew，aFrenchscholarwhoeditedthe"Delphin"editionoftheclassicsfortheDauphin，andtranslatedmanyofthem（1651—1722）
　　Dangerfield，Thomas，Popishplotdiscovererandfalsewitness（1650？—1685）
　　Davies，Tom，theactor—booksellerwhowrotetheMemoirsofDavidGarrick，andwasoneofJohnson’scircle（1712—85）。"Thefamousdogmaoftheoldphysiologists"is"corruptiouniusgeneratioestalterius"（NotesandQueries，Ser。8，vol。ix。，p。56）
　　Davila，afamousFrenchsoldierandhistorianwhoservedunderHenryofNavarre；wrotethefamousHistoryoftheCivilWarinFrance（1576—1631）
　　DellaCrusca，thesignatureofRobertMerry（1755—98），theleaderofamutual—admirationbandofpoetasters，whohadtheirhead—
　　quartersatFlorence，andhencecalledthemselvestheDellaCruscans。Gifford（q。v。）pulverisedtheminhisBaviadandMerviadDentatus，theold—typeRomanwho，aftermanyvictoriesandtakingimmensebooty，retiredtoasmallfarmwhichhehimselftilledDesfontaines，aJesuitwhoputoutapiratededitionofVoltaire’sLaLigueDessaix，adistinguished，upright，andchivalrousFrenchgeneralunderNapoleon，whofellatMarengo（1800）
　　Diafoirus，thenameoftwopedanticcharactersinMoliere’sMaladeImaginaireDiatessaron，aharmonyofthegospels，theearliestexamplebeingthatcompiledbyTatianc。170A。D。
　　Digby，Lord，oneoftheRoyalistleadersandatypicalCavalierDiodorusauthorofauniversalhistoryofwhichfifteenbooksstillremain（50B。C。—13A。D。）
　　DistressedMother，byAmbrosePhillipps，modelledonRacine’sAndromaqueDomdaniel，ahallundertherootsoftheocean，wheregnomesmagicians，andevilspiritsholdcouncil（seeSouthey’sThalaba）
　　Domenichino，acelebratedItalianpainterofsacredsubjects；
　　persecutedandpossiblypoisonedbyhisrivals（1581—1641）
　　Douw，Gerard，distinguishedDutchpainter，oneofRembrandt’spupils；hisworksarefamedfortheirperfectfinishanddelicacy（1613—75）
　　Dubois，Guillaume，cardinalandprimeministerofFrance，notedforhisabilityandhisdebauchery（1656—1723）
　　D’Urfey，Tom，afacetiouscomedianandsong—writer，favouredbyCharlesII。Knownforhiscollectionofsonnets，PillstoPurgeMelancholy（1628—1703）
　　ECLIPSE，afamouschestnutrace—horsewhobetween3rdMay，1769
　　and4thOctober，1770，hadamostsuccessfulrecordEncyclopaedia，thefamousworkwhich，editedbyD’AlembertandDiderot，andcontributedtobythemosteminentsavantsofFrance，wasissued1751—77，andcontributednotalittletofantheflameofRevolution。ThePhilosophicalDictionarywasasimilarproductionEssex，QueenElizabeth’sfavouritecourtierwhotookCadizin1596
　　EupheliaandRhodoclea……Comelia……Tranquilla，signaturestolettersintheRambler（Nos。42，46；62；51；10，119）
　　Exons，i。e。"ExemptsoftheGuards，""officerswhocommandedwhenthelieutenantorensignwasabsent，andwhohadchargeofthenightwatch，"
　　Eylau，20milessouthfromKonigsbergvictoryofNapoleon，1807
　　FAIRFAX，Edward，oneofthe"improvers"ofEnglishversification。
　　TranslatedTassointhesamestanzasastheoriginal，andwroteonDemonology（d。c。1632）
　　Farnese，Alexander，DukeofParma，GovernoroftheNetherlandsunderPhilipII。andthefirstcommanderofhisageFaunus，grandsonofSaturnandgodoffieldsandshepherds，lateridentifiedwiththeGreekPanFaustina，Empress，（i）wifeofAntoninusPius；（ii）daughterof（i）
　　andwifeofMarcusAurelius。BothwereequallylicentiousFavorinus，arhetoricianandsophist，whoflourishedinGaul，c。
　　125A。D。
　　Felton，John，whoassassinatedtheDukeofBuckinghamin1628
　　Ferguson，SirAdam，M。P。forAyrshire，1774—80
　　Filmer，SirRobert，advocatedthedoctrineofabsoluteregalpowerinhisPatriarcha，1680，FlecknoeandSettle，synonymsforvilenessinpoetry（cp。MoeviusandBairusamongtheRomans）。FlecknoewasanIrishpriestwhoprintedahostofworthlessmatter。Settlewasaplaywright，whodegeneratedintoa"city—poetandapuppet—show"keeper；bothweresatirizedbyDrydenFleury，Frenchcardinalandstatesman，tutorandadviserofLouisXV。（1653—1743）
　　Florimel。（seeSpenser’sFaeryQueen，booksiii。andiv。）
　　Fox，George，andNaylor，James，contemporariesofBunyan，andearlyleadersoftheSocietyofFriendsor"Quakers，"
　　Fracastorius，Italianphilosopher，mathematician，andpoetrankedbyScaligerasnexttoVirgilFraguier，Pere，aneminentmanofletters，sometimeaJesuit。AnelegantLatinversifier，especiallyonphilosophicalthemes（1666—1728）
　　FrancdePompignan，Advocate—GeneralofFrance，anAcademicianandanopponentofEncyclopaedists，inconsequenceofwhichVoltairelampoonedhim（1709—84）
　　FrancheComte，thatpartofFrancewhichliessouthofLorraineandwestofSwitzerlandFreron，tooksideswiththeChurchagainsttheattacksofVoltaire；hadsomereputationasacritic（d。1776）
　　GALLIENUSandHonorius，lateRomanemperorswhosufferedfrombarbaricinvasionsGalt，JohnScotchcustom—houseofficerandnovelist，wroteTheAyrshireLegatees，TheProvost，SirAndrewWylie，etc。
　　Galway，Lord（MacaulayisnotquitesosevereonhiminhisHistoryofEngland）
　　Ganganelli，whoasClementXIV。heldthepapacy，1769—74，andsuppressedtheJesuitsGeorgeofTrebizond，acelebratedhumanist（1396—1486），professorofGreekatVenicein1428andpapalsecretaryatRome，C。1450
　　Gibby，Sir，SirGilbertHeathcoteGifford，editoroftheAnti—JacobinandafterwardsoftheQuarterlyReview，inwhichheattackedWordsworth，Shelley，andKeats。Hissatires，theBaviadandtheMaviad，hadsomereputationintheirday（1757—1826）
　　Gilpin，Rev。JoshuaG。，rectorofWrockwardine，whosenewandcorrectededitionofthePilgrim’sProgressappearedin1811
　　GodfreyofBouillon，aleaderoftheFirstCrusade；hetookJerusalemin1099
　　Goldoni，"thefounderofItalianComedy"（1707—93），whosepiecessupplantedtheolderItalianfarcesandburlesquesGondomar，Countof，theSpanishambassadoratthecourtofJamesI。whoruinedRaleigh，andnegotiatedtheproposedmarriageofCharlesI。withtheInfantaGonsalvodeCordova，thegreatcaptainwhotookGranadafromtheMoors，ZantefromtheTurks，andNaplesfromtheFrench（1443—
　　1515）
　　Grecian，the，theresortofthelearnedinDevereuxStreetStrandGrotius，acelebratedDutchscholar，equallyfamedforhisknowledgeoftheology，history，andlaw（d。1645）
　　Gwynn，Nell，anorangegirlwhobecamemistressofCharlesII。
　　andtheancestressoftheDukesofSt。AlbansHAILES，Lord，DavidDalrymple，authoroftheAnnalsofScotland（1726—92）
　　Hale，SirMatthew，ChiefJusticeoftheKing’sBenchunderCharlesII，andauthorofseveralreligiousandmoralworksHalford，SirHenry，oneoftheleadingphysiciansinMacaulay’sday（1766—1844）
　　Hamilton，Gerard，M。P。forPetersfield，andofasomewhatdespicablecharacter。Thenicknamewas"Single—speechHamilton，"
　　Harpagon，themiserinMoliere’sL’AvareHawkins，SirJohn。aclubcompanionofJohnson’s（d。1780），whoseLifeandWorksofJohnson（IIvols。，1787—89）wasacarelesspieceofwork，soonsupersededbyBoswell’sHayley，William，Cowper’sfriendandbiographer（1745—1820）。
　　ByronridiculedhisTriumphsofTemperandTriumphsofMusic，andSoutheysaideverythingwasgoodabouthimexcepthispoetryHenriade，Voltaire’sLaLigue，ouHenrileGrandHierocles，aneo—Platonicphilosopher（c。450A。D。），whoafterlonglabourcollectedabookoftwenty—eightjests，atranslationofwhich（Gentleman’sMagazine，1741）hasbeenattributedtoJohnsonHill，Aaron，playwright，stage—manager，andprojectorofbubbleschemes（1685—1750）。SeePope’sDunciad，ii。295ff。
　　Hippocrene，"thefountainoftheMuses，formedbythehoofofPegasus"
　　Holbach，Baron，aFrench"philosophe"whoentertainedathishospitableboardinParisalltheEncyclopaedia（q。v。）writers；amaterialist，butaphilanthropist（1723—89）
　　Holofernes，thepedanticschool—masterinLove’sLabour’sLastHome，John，aministeroftheScottishChurch（1724—1808），whosetragedyofDouglaswasproducedinEdinburghin1756
　　Hoole，John，aclerkintheIndiaHouse，whoworkedattranslations，e。g。ofTassoandAriosto，andoriginalliteratureinhissparehoursHotelofRambouillet，theintellectualsalonwhichcentredroundtheItalianMarquisedeR。（1588—1665），anddegeneratedintothepedantrywhichMolieresatirizedinLesPreceiusesRidiculesHughes，John，apoetandessayist，whocontributedfrequentlytotheTatler，andGuardian（1677—1720）
　　Hume，Mr。Joseph，Englishpolitician，reformer，andphilanthropist（1777—1855）
　　Hurd，Richard，BishopinsuccessionofLichfield，Coventry，andWorcester；editedin1798withfulsomepraisetheworksofhisfellowbishopWarburtonofGloucesterHutchinson，Mrs。，wifeofColonelHutchinson，thegovernorofNottinghamCastleintheCivilWar，whoseMemoirs（published1806）shewroteHutten，Ulrichvon，Germanhumanistandreformer（1488—1523）
　　IMLAC（seeJohnson’sRasselas，Ch。viiixii。）
　　Ireland’sVortigern，aplayrepresentedbyW。H。IrelandasShakespeare’sautograph；failedwhenSheridanproduceditin1796，andafterwardsadmittedaforgeryIvimey，Mr。，Baptistdivineandhistorianoftheearlynineteenthcentury，whocompiledalifeofBunyanJANSENIANCONTROVERSY，aroseearlyintheseventeenthcenturyovertheAugustinianprincipleofthesovereignandtheirresistiblenatureofdivinegrace，deniedbytheJesuits。InconnectionwiththiscontroversyPascalwrotehisProvincialLettersJeanieDeans（seeScott’sTheHeartOfMidlothian）
　　Jedwoodjustice；thelittletownofJedburghwasprominentinborder—warfare，anditsjusticewasproverbiallysummary，theexecutionoftheaccusedusuallyprecedinghistrialJonathan’sandGarraway’s，Coffee—housesinCornhillandExchangeAlleyrespectively，speciallyresortedtobybrokersandmerchantsJortin，John，aneminentandscholarlydivine，whowroteontheTruth，ChristianReligionandonHistory（1698—1770）
　　Julius，thesecondpope（1502—13）ofthatname，whosemilitaryzealoutranhispriestlyinclination。HefoughtagainsttheVenetians，andtheFrenchJustiza，MMayor，"amagistrateappointedbyKingandtheCorteswhoactedasmediatorbetweentheKingandthepeople。"PhilipII。abolishedtheoffice）
　　KENRICK，William，ahackwriter，whointheMonthlyReviewin1765，attackedJohnson’sShakespearewith"acertaincoarsesmartness"（1725？—79）
　　KitcatClub，foundedc。1700bythirty—nineHanoverianstatesmenandauthorsonthebasisofanearliersociety（seeSpectatorNo。9）
　　LABRUYERE，Johnde，tutortotheDukeofBurgundyandamemberoftheAcademy；authorofCharactersafterthemannerofTheophrastus（1644~96）
　　LaClos，authorofLiaisonsDangereuses，amasterpieceofimmorality（1741—1803）
　　Lambert，Daniel，weighed739lbs。，andmeasured3yds。4ins。
　　roundthewaist（1770—1809）
　　Langton，Bennet，aclassicalscholarandcontributortoTheIdler。EnteredJohnson’scirclein1752（1737—1801）
　　LeagueofCambray，theunionin1508ofAustria，France，SpainandthePapacyagainstVeniceLeagueofPilnitz，betweenAustria，Prussia，andothers（1791）
　　fortherestorationofLouisXVI。
　　Lee，Nathaniel，aplay—writerwhohelpedDrydeninhisDukeofGuise（1655—92）
　　LemanLake，LakeofGenevaLopedeVega，Spain’sgreatest，andtheworld’smostprolificdramatist。SecretarytotheInquisition（1562—1635）
　　Lunsford，anotoriousbullyandprofligate；aspecimenoftheworsttypeoftheroyalistcaptainsMACLEOD，Colonel（seeTourtotheHebrides，Sept。23）
　　Mainwaring，Arthur，editoroftheMedley，andWhigpamphleteer（1668—1712）
　　Malbranche，Nicholas，triedtoadoptandexplainthephilosophyofDescartesintheinterestsoftheology（d。1715）
　　Mallet，David，aliteraryadventurerwhocollaboratedwithThomsoninwritingthemasqueAlfredinwhichthesong"RuleBritannia"wasproduced（1703—65）
　　Malone，Edmund，aneminentShakesperianscholar，whoalsowroteaLifeofReynoldsandaLifeofDryden（1741—1812）
　　Manfred，KingoftheTwoSicilieswhostruggledforhisbirthrightagainstthreepopes，whoexcommunicatedhimandgavehiskingdomtoCharlesofAnjou，fightingagainstwhomhefellin1266
　　Manichees，thesectfoundedbyMani（whodeclaredhimselftobetheParaclete）whichheldablendofMagian，Buddhist，andChristianprinciplesManlius，theRomanherowhoinB。C。390savedRomefromtheGauls，andwhowaslaterputtodeathonachargeoftreasonMarat，JeanPaul，afanaticaldemocratwhoseonefixedideawaswholesaleslaughterofthearistocracy；assassinatedbyCharlotteCorday（1743—93）
　　Markland，Jeremiahafamousclassicalscholarandcritic（1693—
　　1776）
　　Marli，aroyal（nowpresidential）country—housetenmileswestfromParisMarsilioFicino，aneminentItalianPlatonist，notedforhispurityoflifeandforhisaidtotheRenaissance（1433—99）
　　MasonWilliam，friendandbiographerofGray；wroteCaractacusandsomeodes（1725—97）
　　Massillon，JeanBaptiste，famousFrenchpreacher，BishopofClermont，amasterofstyleandpersuasiveeloquence。（1663—
　　1742）
　　MasteroftheSentences，PeterLombard，adiscipleofAbelardandoneofthemostfamousofthe"Schoolmen"ofthetwelfthcenturyMaximin，surnamedThrax——"theTracian。"RomanEmperor，235—38。
　　HiscrueltyrannyledtoarevoltinwhichhewasmurderedbyhisownsoldiersMeillerie，ontheLakeofGeneva，immortalisedbyJ。J。RousseauMerovingians，adynastyofFrankishkingsinthesixthandseventhcenturiesA。D。
　　Metastasio，PietroTrapassi，anItalianpoet（1698—1782）
　　Mina，afamousguerillachiefinthePeninsularwar，and（in1834）againstDonCarlo（1781—1834）。Empecinado（="coveredwithpitch"）anick—namegiventoJuanMatinDiaz，anearlycomradeofMinaMirabelandMillamont，theBenedickandBeatriceofBeaumontandFletcher’sWildgooseChaseMithridates，kingofPontus（B。C。120—63），famousforhisstruggleagainstRome，andthegeneralvigourandabilityofhisintellectMoliere’sdoctors（seeL’AmourMedecin（II。iii。），LeMaladeImaginaire，andLeMedicinmalgrelui）
　　Mompesson，SirGiles，oneoftheCommissionersforthegrantingofmonopolylicensesMonksandGiants，"ThesestanzasarefromapoembyHookhamFrere，reallyentitledProspectusandspecimenofanintenedednationalWork……relatingtoKingArthurandhisRoundTable，"
　　MonmouthStreet，nowcalledDudleyStreetMorganteMaggiore，aserio—comicromanceinverse，byPulciofFlorence（1494）
　　Morone，anItaliancardinalanddiplomatist（1509—80）
　　Murillo，Spain’sgreatestpainter（1618—82）
　　Murphy，Arthur，anactor—author，who，besideswritingsomeplays，editedFielding，andpublishedanEssayontheLifeandGeniusofSamuelJohnson（1727—1815）
　　Murray，Lindley，thePennsylvaniagrammarian（1745—1826），whosettlednearYork，andthereproducedhisGrammaroftheEnglishLanguageNARSEStheRomangeneral（d。573）whodrovetheGothsoutofRome。InhisyouthhehadbeenaslaveNephelococcygia，i。e。"Cuckootowninthecloud"——afictitiouscityreferredtointheBirdsofAristophanes，NewdigateandSeatonianpoetry，versewrittenincompetitionforprizesfoundedbySirR……NewdigateandRev。Thos。SeatonatOxfordandCambridgerespectively，Dodsley（ib。）wasanhonestpublisherandauthorwhobroughtoutPoemsbySeveralHandsin1748，Nugent，Dr。，oneoftheoriginalmembersandaregularattendantatthemeetingsoftheLiteraryClubOCTOBERCLUB，aHighChurchToryClubofQueenAnne’stime，whichmetattheBellTavern，WestminsteroDaphnisK。T。L。，"Daphniswentintothewaters；theeddiesswirledoverthemanwhomtheMuseslovedandthenymphshelddear"（Theocritus，Idylls，i。）。AnallusiontoShelley’sdeathOdoacer，aHun，whobecameemperor，andwasassassinatedbyhiscolleagueTheodorictheOstrogothin493
　　Oldmixon，John，adullandinsipidhistorian（1673—1742），roughlyhandledbyPopeintheDunciad（ii。283）
　　OrlandoFurioso，Ariosto’s（1471—1533）greatpoemofchivalrysuggestedbytheOrlandoInnamoratoofBoiardo（c。1430—94）。
　　AlcinaisakindofCirceintheOrlandoFuriosoOrtiz，eighteenth—centuryhistorian，authorofCompendiodelaHistoriadeEspanaOsborn，John，anotoriousbooksellerwho"sweated"PopeandJohnsonamongotherauthors（d。1767）
　　Otho，Romanemperor（69A。D。）Theonlybrasscoinsbearinghisnamewerestruckintheprovinces，andareveryrarePADALON，theHinduabodeofdepartedSpiritsPaestum，ancientPosidonia，mod。Pesto，22milesS。E。fromSalerno，471
　　Pantheon，acirculartempleinRome，erectedbyAgrippa，son—in—
　　lawofAugustus，anddedicatedtothegodsingeneral:nowachurchandplaceofburialfortheillustriousItaliandeadPaoli，theCorsicangeneral（1796—1807）who，failingagainstthemightofFrance，madehishomeinEngland，andwaschaperonedbyBoswellParnell，Thomas，ArchdeaconofClogher，satiristandtranslator。
　　Hewasasweetandeasypoetwithahighmoraltone；friendofAddisonandSwift（1679—1718）
　　ParsonBarnabas，ParsonTrulliber（seeFielding’sJosephAndrews）
　　Pasquin，Antony，afifteenth—centuryItaliantailor，notedforhiscausticwitPaulicianTheologyoriginatedinArmenia，andflourishedc。660—
　　970A。D。BesidescertainManicheeelementsitdeniedthedeityofJesusandabjuredMariolatryandthesacramentsPescara，Marquisof，anItaliangeneralwhobetrayedtotheemperor，CharlesV。，theplotofFrancescoSforzafordrivingtheSpaniardsandGermansoutofItalyPeterMartyr，anamebornebythreepersonages。ThereferencehereistotheItalianProtestantreformerwhomadehishomesuccessivelyinSwitzerland，England，Strasburg，andZurich（d。
　　1562）
　　Phidias，Athens’sgreatestsculptor。AcontemporaryofPericles（d。432B。C。）
　　Philips，John，bestrememberedbyTheSplendidShilling，agoodburlesqueinimitationofMilton（1676—1708）
　　Pilpay，theIndianAesop。ForthepedigreeofthePilpayliterature，seeJacobs:FablesofBidpai（1888），641
　　PisistratusandGelon，twoableGreciantyrantswhoruledbeneficiallyatAthens（541—527B。C。），andatSyracuse（484—473
　　B。C。），respectivelyPococurante，onewhocareslittleandknowsless:adabblerPorridgeIsland，theslangnameofanalleynearSt。Martin’s—in—
　　the—Fields，whichwaspulleddownc。1830
　　Politian，adistinguishedpoetandscholarinthetimeoftheItalianRenaissance；professorofGreekandLatinatFlorence（1454—94）
　　Pompadour，Madamede，mistressofLouisXV。，andvirtuallyrulerofFrancefrom1745tillherdeathin1764
　　Prior，Matthew，awitandpoetoftheearlyeighteenthcenturywhoselyricswerepronouncedbyThackeraytobe"amongsttheeasiest，therichest，themostcharminglyhumorous"intheEnglishlanguage，Pudding，Jack，aclownwhoswallowsblackpuddings，etc。Cp。
　　Germ。HansWorst，Fr。Jean—potagePulci，aFlorentinepoet（notedforhishumorousSonnets），andfriendofLorenzode’Medici（1432—84）
　　Pye——theimmediate——Cibber——moreremote——predecessorofSoutheyintheLaureateshipPyrgopolynices，abraggartcharacterinPlautus’sMilesGloriosusPyrrho，"thefatheroftheGreeksceptics，"contemporarywithAristotle。Like，Carneades（ib。），hedeniedthattherewasanycriterionofcertaintyinthenaturalorthemoralworldQUEDLINBURGH，anoldtowninSaxonyatthefootoftheHarz，longafavouriteresidenceofthemediaevalemperorsRALPHO，theclerkandsquireofHudibrasinSamuelButler’ssatireofthatnameRambouillet，themarchionessofthisnamewasawealthypatronofartandliterature，andgatheredroundheraselectsalonofintellectualpeople，whichdegeneratedintopedantry，wasridiculed，anddissolvedatherdeathin1665
　　Ramus，PeterFrench，philosopherandhumanist；attackedAristotleandScholasticism；massacredontheeveofSt，Bartholomew，1572
　　Rehearsal，The，aburlesquebasedonBeaumont’sKnightoftheBurningPestle，producedin1671byGeorgeClifford，DukeofBuckingham，andSamuelButlerRelapse，acomedybySirJohnVanbrugh（d。1726），whoalsoachievedsomedistinctionasasoldierandanarchitectRichardRoe，nominaldefendantinejectmentsuits。CP。the"M。OrN。"ofthePrayer—BookRichelieu……Torcy，RichelieuandMazarinwerecardinalsandstatesmenintheseventeenthcentury，whosepowerexceededthatoftheking；ColbertLouvis，andTorcywereinfluentialandablemenofthesametime，butdependentupontheroyalpleasureRobertson，William，wroteHistoryofScotland，HistoryoftheReignofCharlesV。，etc。AfriendofHume’s（1721—93）
　　RochelleandAuvergne，head—quartersoftheHuguenotsRowe，Nicholas，dramatistandpoetlaureate（1715），editorofamonumentaleditionofShakespeareRymer，Thomas，Historiographer—royal，andthecompilerOfFoedera——acollectionofhistoricaldocumentsconcerningtherelationsofEnglandandforeignpowers（1639—1714）
　　Ryswick，PeaceOf，bythistreaty（in1697）LouisXIV。recognisedWilliamasKingofEngland，andyieldedcertaintownstoSpainandtheEmpireSALVATORROSA，aNeapolitanauthorandartist（1615—73）；"theinitiatorofromanticlandscape，"
　　Satirist……Age，small，libellous，andshort—livedweeklypapersintheyear1838
　　Saxe，ledtheinvadingAustrianarmyintoBohemia，andafterwardbecameamarshaloftheFrencharmy，defeatingtheDukeofCumberlandatFontenoy，1745
　　Scamander，ariverofTroas，inAsiaMinorScapin，thetitle—characterofoneofMoliere’scomedies；aknavishvaletwhofoolshismasterScott，Michael，atwelfth—centurysagewhogainedalargereputationasawizardandmagicianScriblerusClubaliterarycoterie，foundedin1714，whichhadonlyashortlife，butproducedSwift’sGulliverScroggs，Chief—justicein1678——theyearofTitusOatesandthe"PopishPlot。"AworthysuccessortoJeffreysScudert，Georgede，Frenchpoetandnovelist（1601—67）
　　Scudery，Madeleine，awomanofgoodqualities，butasanovelistexceedinglytedious（1607—1701）
　　Scythians，i。e。Russians。Scythiaproperisthesteppe—landbetweentheCarpathianMountainsandtheriverDoninSouth—EastRussiaSeged（seeTheRambler，Nos。204，205）
　　Shafton，SirPiercie（seeScott’sTheMonastery）
　　Shaw，prize—fighterofimmensestrengthandsize，whoenlistedintheLifeGuards，andwaskilledatWaterlooSieyes，Abbe，oneoftheleadersoftheRevolution，whoretiredondiscoveringthathiscolleagueswereusinghimfortheirownend（d。1836）
　　Simond，M。（thereferenceistohisJournalofaTourandResidenceinGreatBritainduringtheyears1810and1811，PP。
　　48—50）
　　Simonides，livedatAthensandSyracuse，andbesidesbeingaphilosopher，wasoneofGreece’smostfamouslyricpoets（556—467
　　B。C。），Smalridge，George，oneofQueenAnne’schaplains，andagoodpreacher；becameBishopofBristolin1714（d。1719）
　　Sobiesky，John，KingofPoland，whodefendedhiscountryagainstRussiansandTurks。In1683hefoughtaTurkisharmywhichwasbesiegingVienna，andsodeliveredthatcitySolis，Antoniode，dramatistandhistorian（ConquestofMexico）
　　（1610—86）
　　Somers，thecounselfortheSevenBishops，1688。Hefilledmanyhighlegaloffices，andfrom1708to1710wasPresidentoftheCouncilSouthcote，Joanna，aMethodist"prophetess"who，sufferingfromreligiousmania，gaveherselfouttobethewomanofRevelationch。xii。，andsoldpassportstoheavenwhichshecalled"seals"
　　（1750—1814）
　　Spectator（thereferenceistoNo。7）
　　Spinola，Spanishmarquisandgeneralwhoservedhiscountrywithallhisgeniusfornaught（1571—1630）
　　SquireSullen（seeFarquhar’sTheBeauxStratagem）
　　SquireWestern，thegenialfox—huntingSquireofFielding’sTomJonesStatius，aLatinpoet（61—96A。D。），authoroftheThebais，wholivedattheCourtofDomitianSteenkirk，aneckclothofblacksilk，saidtohavebeenfirstwornatthebattleofSteenkirk，1692
　　Stepney，George，asmartbutsomewhatlicentiousminorpoetwhotranslatedJuvenal（1663—1707）
　　Sternholds，metricaltranslatorsofthePsalms，socalledfromThomasSternhold，whoseversionof1562heldthefieldfor200
　　yearsStJames’s，theLondonresidenceoftheGeorges；LeicesterSquare，theresidenceofthePrincesofWalesStowell，Lord，Advocate—General，judgeoftheHighCourtofAdmiralty，etc。，etc。，thegreatestEnglishauthorityonInternationalLaw（1745—1836）
　　Strahan，Dr。，vicarofIslingtonandfriendofJohnson，whosePrayersandMeditationsheeditedStreathamPark，thehomeoftheThrales。AtSt。John’sGateinClerkenwell，theGentleman’sMagazinewaslongprintedSimon，Ducde，ambassadortoSpainandthewriterofamusingandValuablememoirs。AnuncompromisingaristocratSwedengainedWesternPomeraniaSwerga，theHinduOlympusanthesummitofMountMeruTAMERLANE，thegreatAsiaticconqueror（1336—1405），whoseempirereachedfromtheLevanttotheGangesTanais，theriverDoninEasternRussiaTate，Nahum，succeededShadwellin1690aspoet—laureate；mainlyrememberedbyhiscollaborationwithNicholasBradyinametricalversionofthePsalmsTelemachus，thesonofUlysses，whosesearchforhisfatherwasonlysuccessfulwhenhereturnedhome。Fenelon，thegreatFrenchdivine（1651—1715），wroteofhisadventuresThales，flourishedc。600B。C。，andheldthatwaterwastheprimalanduniversalprinciple，Thalia，themuseofComedyandoneofthethreeGracesTheobalds，aHertfordshirehamletwhereJamesI。hadabeautifulresidence，originallybuiltbyBurleighThiebault，ProfessorofGrammaratFrederic’smilitaryschoolThirlby，Styan，FellowofJesusCollegesCambridge。HeeditedJustinMartyr’sWorksandcontributedtoTheobald’sShakespearewithacumenandingenuity（c。1692—1753）
　　Thraso，abraggartcaptaininTerence’sEunuchThreeBishoprics，thoseofLorraine，Metz，andVerduntakenfromtheGermansbyHenryII。ofFrancein1554andrecoveredin1871
　　ThunderingLegion，theRomanlegionwhichovercameMarcomanniin179A。D。，theirextremethirsthavingbeenrelievedbyathunderstormsentinanswertotheprayersofChristiansoldiersinitsranksThurtell，John，anotoriousboxerandgambler（b。1794）whowashangedatHertfordonJan。9，1824，forthebrutalmurderofWilliamWeare，oneofhisbooncompanionsTickell，Thomas，apolitician，minorpoet，andoccasionalcontributortotheSpectatorandtheGuardian（1686—1740）
　　Tillotson，JohnRobert。TrainedasaPuritan，heconformedtotheEpiscopalChurchattheRestorationandultimatelybecameArchbishopofCanterburyamanoftolerantandmoderateviewslikeBaxterandBurnet，andunlikeCollierTilly，JohannTserklaes，Countof，thegreatCatholicgeneraloftheThirtyYearsWar；mortallywoundedatRainin1632
　　Tiresias，inGreekmythologyasoothsayeronwhomZeusconferredthegiftofprophecyincompensationfortheblindnesswithwhichAthenshadstruckhimTreatiseontheBathos，"TheArtofSinkinginPoetry，"aworkprojectedbyArbuthnot，Swift，andPope，andmainlywrittenbythelast—namedTreatyofthePyrenees，betweenFranceandSpain，1659
　　Trissotin，simperingliterarydabblerinMoliere’sLesFemmesSavantesTurgot，aFrenchstatesman727—81）whoheldthedoctrinesofthephilosophepartyandwasfornearlytwoyearsmanagerofthenationalfinancesunderLouisXVI。
　　TwoSicilies，thekingdomsofSicilyandNaplesTyers，Tom，authorofaBiographicalSketchofDoctorJohnson。ItwasaremarkofJohnson’sthatTyersdescribedhimthebestVAUCLUSE，avillageinS。E。France，twentymilesfromAvignonwherePetrarchlivedforsixteenyearsVerres，theRomangovernorofSicily（73—71B。C。），forplunderingwhichislandhewasbroughttotrialandprosecutedbyCiceroVico，JohnBaptist，ProfessorofRhetoricatNaplesandauthorofPrinciplesofaNewScience，aworkonthephilosophyofhistory（d。1744）
　　VictorAmadeusofSavoy，soldierandstatesman（1655—1732）Hissons—in—lawwerePhilipV。andtheDukeofBurgundyVida，anItalianLatinpoet（c。1480—1566）
　　VidaetSannazar，eminentmodernLatinpoetsoftheearlysixteenthcenturyVillars，Louis，Ducde，Frenchmarshal，defeatedatRamilliesandMalplaquet（d。1734），VinegarBible，publishedatOxfordin；1717；inittheheadlineofLukexx。reads"vinegar，"anerrorfor"vineyard，"
　　VisionofTheodore，setJohnson’sMiscellaneousWorks（forthe"GenealogyofWit，"seeSpecial"，NO。35；forthe"ContestbetweenRestandLabour，"Rambler，No。33）
　　Vitruvius，contemporarywithJuliusCaesarandauthorofafamousworkonArchitectureVossius，Gerard，DutchphilologistandfriendofGrotius；thehistorianofPelagianism（1577—1649）
　　WARBURTON，William，BishopofGloucester，friendofPope，andauthoroftheDivineLegationofMosesandothertheologicalandlegalworks（1698—1779）
　　Wild，Jonathan，adetectivewhoturnedvillainandwasexecutedforburglaryin1725；theheroofoneofFielding’sstoriesWilliams，ArchbishopofYork（andopponentofLaud）inthetimeofCharlesI。；Vernon，ArchbishopofYork，1807。ThetenureoftheSeeofYorkseemstobetheonlyparallelWilliams，SirCharlesHanbury，AmbassadortoBerlin（1746—49）。
　　HissatiresagainstWalpole’sopponentsareeasyandhumorous（d。
　　1759）
　　Will’s。SeeButton’sWindham，Rt。Hon。William，SecretaryofWarunderPittandagainin1806。InhisDiaryisanaccountofJohnson’slastdays（1750—
　　1810）
　　Windsor，poorKnightsof，abodyofmilitarypensionerswhoresidewithintheprecinctsofWindsorCastleWitwould，SirWilful。SetCongreve’sTheWayoftheWorldWronghead，SirFrancis，VanbrughandCibber’sTheProvokedHusbandXIMENES，Cardinal，statesman，andregent（1436—1517）
　　ZADIG，thetitle—characterofanovelbyVoltaire，dealingwiththefatalisticaspectofhumanlifeZephon，thecherubsentwithIthurielbyGabrieltofindoutthewhereaboutsofSatanafterhisflightfromhellZimriinDryden’sAbsalomandAchitophelstandsforthesecondDukeofBuckingham（fortheoriginalsee3Kingsxvi。9）