CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，Sunday，August23[1868]。
MydearoldFriend，Ihavereceivedyournote。IcanhardlysayhowpleasedIhavebeenatthesuccessofyouraddress（SirJosephHookerwasPresidentoftheBritishAssociationattheNorwichMeetingin1868。），andofthewholemeeting。I
haveseenthe"Times"，"Telegraph"，"Spectator"，and"Athenaeum"，andhaveheardofotherfavourablenewspapers，andhaveorderedabundle。Thereisa"chorusofpraise。"The"Times"reportedmiserably，i。e。asfaraserratawasconcerned;butIwasverygladattheleader，forIthoughtthewayyoubroughtinthemegalithicmonumentsmosthappy。（TheBritishAssociationwasdesirousofinterestingtheGovernmentincertainmoderncromlechbuilders，theKhasiaraceofEastBengal，inorderthattheirmegalithicmonumentsmightbeefficientlydescribed。）IparticularlyadmiredTyndall’slittlespeech（ProfessorTyndallwasPresidentofSectionA。）……The"Spectator"pitchesalittleintoyouaboutTheology，inaccordancewithitsusualspirit……
Yourgreatsuccesshasrejoicedmyheart。Ihavejustcarefullyreadthewholeaddressinthe"Athenaeum";andthough，asyouknow，Ilikeditverymuchwhenyoureadittome，yet，asIwastryingallthetimetofindfault，Imissedtoacertainextenttheeffectasawhole;andthisnowappearstomemoststrikingandexcellent。Howyoumustrejoiceatallyourbotheringlabourandanxietyhavinghadsograndanend。Imustsayawordaboutmyself;neverhassuchaeulogiumbeenpassedonme，anditmakesmeveryproud。IcannotgetovermyAMAZEMENTatwhatyousayaboutmybotanicalwork。ByJove，asfarasmymemorygoes，youhavestrengthenedinsteadofweakenedsomeoftheexpressions。Whatisfarmoreimportantthananythingpersonal，istheconvictionwhichIfeelthatyouwillhaveimmenselyadvancedthebeliefintheevolutionofspecies。Thiswillfollowfromthepublicityoftheoccasion，yourposition，soresponsible，asPresident，andyourownhighreputation。Itwillmakeagreatstepinpublicopinion，Ifeelsure，andIhadnotthoughtofthisbefore。The"Athenaeum"takesyoursnubbing（SirJosephHookermadesomereferencetothereviewof’AnimalsandPlants’inthe"Athenaeum"ofFebruary15，1868。）withtheutmostmildness。Icertainlydorejoiceoverthesnubbing，andhope[thereviewer]willfeelitalittle。WheneveryouhaveSPAREtimetowriteagain，tellmewhetheranyastronomers（Indiscussingtheastronomer’sobjectiontoEvolution，namelythatourglobehasnotexistedforalongenoughperiodtogivetimefortheassumedtransmutationoflivingbeings，HookerchallengedWhewell’sdictumthat，astronomyisthequeenofsciences——theonlyperfectscience。）tookyourremarksinillpart;astheynowstandtheydonotseematalltooharshandpresumptuous。Manyofyoursentencesstrikemeasextremelyfelicitousandeloquent。ThatofLyell’s"under—pinning"（AfteraeulogiumonSirCharlesLyell’sheroicrenunciationofhisoldviewsinacceptingEvolution，SirJ。D。Hookercontinued，"Wellmayhebeproudofasuperstructure，raisedonthefoundationsofaninsecuredoctrine，whenhefindsthathecanunderpinitandsubstituteanewfoundation;andafterallisfinished，surveyhisedifice，notonlymoresecurebutmoreharmoniousinitsproportionthanitwasbefore。"），iscapital。Tellme，wasLyellpleased？Iamsogladthatyourememberedmyolddedication。
（The’Naturalist’sVoyage’wasdedicatedtoLyell。）WasWallacepleased？
Howaboutphotographs？CanyousparetimeforalinetoourdearMrs。
Cameron？Shecametoseeusoff，andloadeduswithpresentsofphotographs，andErasmuscalledafterher，"Mrs。Cameron，therearesixpeopleinthishouseallinlovewithyou。"WhenIpaidher，shecriedout，"Ohwhatalotofmoney！"andrantoboasttoherhusband。
Imustnotwriteanymore，thoughIamintremendousspiritsatyourbrilliantsuccess。
Yourseveraffectionately，C。DARWIN。
[Inthe"Athenaeum"ofNovember29，1868，appearedanarticlewhichwasinfactareplytoSirJosephHooker’sremarksatNorwich。Heseemstohaveconsultedmyfatherastothewisdomofansweringthearticle。MyfatherwroteonSeptember1:
"InmyopinionDr。JosephDaltonHookerneedtakenonoticeoftheattackinthe"Athenaeum"inreferencetoMr。CharlesDarwin。Whatanassthemanistothinkhecutsonetothequickbygivingone’sChristiannameinfull。Howtransparentlyfalseisthestatementthatmysolegroundworkisfrompigeons，becauseIstateIhaveworkedthemoutmorefullythanotherbeings！HemuddlestogethertwobooksofFlourens。"
Thefollowingletterreferstoapaper（’TransactionsoftheOttawaAcademyofNaturalSciences，’1868，byJohnD。Caton，lateChiefJusticeofIllinois。）byJudgeCaton，ofwhichmyfatheroftenspokewithadmiration:]
CHARLESDARWINTOJOHND。CATON。
Down，September18，1868。
DearSir，Ibegleavetothankyouverysincerelyforyourkindnessinsendingme，throughMr。Walsh，youradmirablepaperonAmericanDeer。
Itisquitefullofmostinterestingobservations，statedwiththegreatestclearness。Ihaveseldomreadapaperwithmoreinterest，foritaboundswithfactsofdirectuseformywork。Manyofthemconsistoflittlepointswhichhardlyanyonebesidesyourselfhasobserved，orperceivedtheimportanceofrecording。Iwouldinstancetheageatwhichthehornsaredeveloped（apointonwhichIhavelatelybeeninvainsearchingforinformation），therudimentofhornsinthefemaleelk，andespeciallythedifferentnatureoftheplantsdevouredbythedeerandelk，andseveralotherpoints。Withcordialthanksforthepleasureandinstructionwhichyouhaveaffordedme，andwithhighrespectforyourpowerofobservation，Ibegleavetoremain，dearSir，Yoursfaithfullyandobliged，CHARLESDARWIN。
[Thefollowingextractfromaletter（September24，1868）totheMarquisdeSaporta，theeminentpalaeo—botanist，referstothegrowthofevolutionaryviewsinFrance（In1868hewaspleasedatbeingaskedtoauthoriseaFrenchtranslationofhis’Naturalist’sVoyage。’:——
"AsIhaveformerlyreadwithgreatinterestmanyofyourpapersonfossilplants，youmaybelievewithwhathighsatisfactionIhearthatyouareabelieverinthegradualevolutionofspecies。Ihadsupposedthatmybookonthe’OriginofSpecies’hadmadeverylittleimpressioninFrance，andthereforeitdelightsmetohearadifferentstatementfromyou。AllthegreatauthoritiesoftheInstituteseemfirmlyresolvedtobelieveintheimmutabilityofspecies，andthishasalwaysastonishedme……almosttheoneexception，asfarasIknow，isM。Gaudry，andIthinkhewillbesoononeofthechiefleadersinZoologicalPalaeontologyinEurope;andnowIamdelightedtohearthatinthesisterdepartmentofBotanyyoutakenearlythesameview。"]
CHARLESDARWINTOE。HAECKEL。
Down，November19[1868]。
MydearHaeckel，Imustwritetoyouagain，fortworeasons。Firstly，tothankyouforyourletteraboutyourbaby，whichhasquitecharmedbothmeandmywife;I
heartilycongratulateyouonitsbirth。Irememberbeingsurprisedinmyowncasehowsoonthepaternalinstinctsbecamedeveloped，andinyoutheyseemtobeunusuallystrong，……Ihopethelargeblueeyesandtheprinciplesofinheritancewillmakeyourchildasgoodanaturalistasyouare;but，judgingfrommyownexperience，youwillbeastonishedtofindhowthewholementaldispositionofyourchildrenchangeswithadvancingyears。Ayoungchild，andthesamewhennearlygrown，sometimesdifferalmostasmuchasdoacaterpillarandbutterfly。
Thesecondpointistocongratulateyouontheprojectedtranslationofyourgreatwork（’GenerelleMorphologie，’1866。NoEnglishtranslationofthisbookhasappeared。），aboutwhichIheardfromHuxleylastSunday。I
amheartilygladofit，buthowithasbeenbroughtabout，Iknownot，forafriendwhosupportedthesupposedtranslationatNorwich，toldmehethoughttherewouldbenochanceofit。Huxleytellsmethatyouconsenttoomitandshortensomeparts，andIamconfidentthatthisisverywise。
AsIknowyourobjectistoinstructthepublic，youwillassuredlythusgetmanymorereadersinEngland。Indeed，Ibelievethatalmosteverybookwouldbeimprovedbycondensation。Ihavebeenreadingagooddealofyourlastbook（’DieNaturlicheSchopfungs—Geschichte，’1868。Itwastranslatedandpublishedin1876，underthetitle，’TheHistoryofCreation。’），andthestyleisbeautifullyclearandeasytome;butwhyitshoulddiffersomuchinthisrespectfromyourgreatworkIcannotimagine。Ihavenotyetreadthefirstpart，butbeganwiththechapteronLyellandmyself，whichyouwilleasilybelievepleasedmeVERYMUCH。IthinkLyell，whowasapparentlymuchpleasedbyyoursendinghimacopy，isalsomuchgratifiedbythischapter。（SeeLyell’sinterestinglettertoHaeckel。’LifeofSirC。Lyell，’ii。page435。）Yourchaptersontheaffinitiesandgenealogyoftheanimalkingdomstrikemeasadmirableandfulloforiginalthought。
Yourboldness，however，sometimesmakesmetremble，butasHuxleyremarked，someonemustbeboldenoughtomakeabeginningindrawinguptablesofdescent。Althoughyoufullyadmittheimperfectionofthegeologicalrecord，yetHuxleyagreedwithmeinthinkingthatyouaresometimesratherrashinventuringtosayatwhatperiodstheseveralgroupsfirstappeared。
Ihavethisadvantageoveryou，thatIrememberhowwonderfullydifferentanystatementonthissubjectmade20yearsago，wouldhavebeentowhatwouldnowbethecase，andIexpectthenext20yearswillmakequiteasgreatadifference。ReflectonthemonocotyledonousplantjustdiscoveredinthePRIMORDIALformationinSweden。
IrepeathowgladIamattheprospectofthetranslation，forIfullybelievethatthisworkandallyourworkswillhaveagreatinfluenceintheadvancementofScience。
Believeme，mydearHaeckel，yoursincerefriend，CHARLESDARWIN。
[ItwasinNovemberofthisyearthathesatforthebustbyMr。Woolner:
hewrote:——
"Ishouldhavewrittenlongago，butIhavebeenpesteredwithstupidletters，andamundergoingthepurgatoryofsittingforhourstoWoolner，who，however，iswonderfullypleasant，andlightensasmuchasmancan，thepenance;asfarasIcanjudge，itwillmakeafinebust。"
IfImaycriticisetheworkofsoeminentasculptorasMr。Woolner，I
shouldsaythatthepointinwhichthebustfailssomewhatasaportrait，isthatithasacertainair，almostofpomposity，whichseemstomeforeigntomyfather’sexpression。]
1869。
[Atthebeginningoftheyearhewasatworkinpreparingthefiftheditionofthe’Origin。’ThisworkwasbegunonthedayafterChristmas，1868，andwascontinuedfor"forty—sixdays，"ashenotesinhisdiary，i。e。untilFebruary10th，1869。Hethen，February11th，returnedtoSexualSelection，andcontinuedatthissubject（exceptingfortendaysgivenuptoOrchids，andaweekinLondon），untilJune10th，whenhewentwithhisfamilytoNorthWales，whereheremainedaboutsevenweeks，returningtoDownonJuly31st。
Caerdeon，thehousewherehestayed，isbuiltonthenorthshoreofthebeautifulBarmouthestuary，andispleasantlyplaced，inbeingclosetowildhillcountrybehind，aswellastothepicturesquewooded"hummocks，"
betweenthesteeperhillsandtheriver。Myfatherwasillandsomewhatdepressedthroughoutthisvisit，andIthinkfeltsaddenedatbeingimprisonedbyhiswantofstrength，andunableeventoreachthehillsoverwhichhehadoncewanderedfordaystogether。
HewrotefromCaerdeontoSirJ。D。Hooker（June22nd）:——
"Wehavebeenherefortendays，howIwishitwaspossibleforyoutopayusavisithere;wehaveabeautifulhousewithaterracedgarden，andareallymagnificentviewofCader，rightopposite。OldCaderisagrandfellow，andshowshimselfoffsuperblywitheverychanginglight。WeremainheretilltheendofJuly，whentheH。Wedgwoodshavethehouse。I
havebeenasyetinaverypoorway;itseemsassoonasthestimulusofmentalworkstops，mywholestrengthgivesway。AsyetIhavehardlycrawledhalfamilefromthehouse，andthenhavebeenfearfullyfatigued。
Itisenoughtomakeonewishoneselfquietinacomfortabletomb。"
Withregardtothefiftheditionofthe’Origin，’hewrotetoMr。Wallace（January22，1869）:——
"Ihavebeeninterruptedinmyregularworkinpreparinganeweditionofthe’Origin，’whichhascostmemuchlabour，andwhichIhopeIhaveconsiderablyimprovedintwoorthreeimportantpoints。Ialwaysthoughtindividualdifferencesmoreimportantthansinglevariations，butnowI
havecometotheconclusionthattheyareofparamountimportance，andinthisIbelieveIagreewithyou。FleemingJenkin’sargumentshaveconvincedme。"
Thissomewhatobscuresentencewasexplained，February2，inanotherlettertoMr。Wallace:——
"Imusthaveexpressedmyselfatrociously;Imeanttosayexactlythereverseofwhatyouhaveunderstood。F。Jenkinarguedinthe’NorthBritishReview’againstsinglevariationseverbeingperpetuated，andhasconvincedme，thoughnotinquitesobroadamannerashereput。Ialwaysthoughtindividualdifferencesmoreimportant;butIwasblindandthoughtthatsinglevariationsmightbepreservedmuchoftenerthanInowseeispossibleorprobable。ImentionedthisinmyformernotemerelybecauseI
believedthatyouhadcometoasimilarconclusion，andIlikemuchtobeinaccordwithyou。IbelieveIwasmainlydeceivedbysinglevariationsofferingsuchsimpleillustrations，aswhenmanselects。"
ThelateMr。FleemingJenkin’sreview，onthe’OriginofSpecies，’waspublishedinthe’NorthBritishReview’forJune1867。Itisnotalittleremarkablethatthecriticisms，whichmyfather，asIbelieve，felttobethemostvaluableevermadeonhisviewsshouldhavecome，notfromaprofessednaturalistbutfromaProfessorofEngineering。
ItisimpossibletogiveinashortcompassanaccountofFleemingJenkin’sargument。Myfather’scopyofthepaper（rippedoutofthevolumeasusual，andtiedwithabitofstring）isannotatedinpencilinmanyplaces。Imayquoteonepassageoppositewhichmyfatherhaswritten"goodsneers"——butitshouldberememberedthatheusedtheword"sneer"inratheraspecialsense，notasnecessarilyimplyingafeelingofbitternessinthecritic，butratherinthesenseof"banter。"Speakingofthe’truebeliever，’FleemingJenkinsays，page293:——
"Hecaninventtrainsofancestorsofwhoseexistencethereisnoevidence;
hecanmarshalhostsofequallyimaginaryfoes;hecancallupcontinents，floods，andpeculiaratmospheres;hecandryupoceans，splitislands，andparcelouteternityatwill;surelywiththeseadvantageshemustbeadullfellowifhecannotschemesomeseriesofanimalsandcircumstancesexplainingourassumeddifficultyquitenaturally。Feelingthedifficultyofdealingwithadversarieswhocommandsohugeadomainoffancy，wewillabandonthesearguments，andtrusttothosewhichatleastcannotbeassailedbymereeffortsofimagination。"
Inthefiftheditionofthe’Origin，’myfatheralteredapassageintheHistoricalSketch（fourtheditionpagexviii。）。HethuspracticallygaveupthedifficulttaskofunderstandingwhetherornoSirR。OwenclaimstohavediscoveredtheprincipleofNaturalSelection。Adding，"AsfarasthemereenunciationoftheprincipleofNaturalSelectionisconcerned，itisquiteimmaterialwhetherornotProfessorOwenprecededme，forbothofus……werelongagoprecededbyDr。WellsandMr。Matthew。"
Asomewhatseverecritiqueonthefifthedition，byMr。JohnRobertson，appearedinthe"Athenaeum"，August14，1869。Thewritercommentswithsomelittlebitternessonthesuccessofthe’Origin:’"Attentionisnotacceptance。Manyeditionsdonotmeanrealsuccess。Thebookhassold;
theguesshasbeentalkedover;andthecirculationanddiscussionsumupthesignificanceoftheeditions。"Mr。Robertsonmakesthetrue，butmisleadingstatement:"Mr。DarwinprefaceshisfifthEnglisheditionwithanEssay，whichhecalls’AnHistoricalSketch，’etc。"AsamatteroffacttheSketchappearedinthethirdeditionin1861。
Mr。RobertsongoesontosaythattheSketchoughttobecalledacollectionofextractsanticipatoryorcorroborativeofthehypothesisofNaturalSelection。"Fornoaccountisgivenofanyhostileopinions。Thefactisverysignificant。ThishistoricalsketchthusresemblesthehistoriesofthereignofLouisXVIII。，publishedaftertheRestoration，fromwhichtheRepublicandtheEmpire，RobespierreandBuonapartewereomitted。"
ThefollowinglettertoProf。VictorCarusgivesanideaofthecharacteroftheneweditionofthe’Origin:’]
CHARLESDARWINTOVICTORCARUS。
Down，May4，1869……Ihavegoneverycarefullythroughthewhole，tryingtomakesomepartsclearer，andaddingafewdiscussionsandfactsofsomeimportance。Theneweditionisonlytwopagesattheendlongerthantheold;thoughinonepartninepagesinadvance，forIhavecondensedseveralpartsandomittedsomepassages。ThetranslationIfearwillcauseyouagreatdealoftrouble;thealterationstookmesixweeks，besidescorrectingthepress;
yououghttomakeaspecialagreementwithM。Koch[thepublisher]。Manyofthecorrectionsareonlyafewwords，buttheyhavebeenmadefromtheevidenceonvariouspointsappearingtohavebecomealittlestrongerorweaker。
ThusIhavebeenledtoplacesomewhatmorevalueonthedefiniteanddirectactionofexternalconditions;tothinkthelapseoftime，asmeasuredbyyears，notquitesogreatasmostgeologistshavethought;andtoinferthatsinglevariationsareofevenlessimportance，incomparisonwithindividualdifferences，thanIformerlythought。ImentionthesepointsbecauseIhavebeenthusledtoalterinmanyplacesAFEWWORDS;
andunlessyougothroughthewholenewedition，onepartwillnotagreewithanother，whichwouldbeagreatblemish……
[ThedesirethathisviewsmightspreadinFrancewasalwaysstrongwithmyfather，andhewasthereforejustlyannoyedtofindthatin1869theEditorofthefirstFrencheditionhadbroughtoutathirdeditionwithoutconsultingtheauthor。HewasaccordinglygladtoenterintoanarrangementforaFrenchtranslationofthefifthedition;thiswasundertakenbyM。Reinwald，withwhomhecontinuedtohavepleasantrelationsasthepublisherofmanyofhisbooksintoFrench。
HewrotetoSirJ。D。Hooker:——
"ImustenjoymyselfandtellyouaboutMdlle。C。Royer，whotranslatedthe’Origin’intoFrench，andforwhosesecondeditionItookinfinitetrouble。
Shehasnowjustbroughtoutathirdeditionwithoutinformingme，sothatallthecorrections，etc。，inthefourthandfifthEnglisheditionsarelost。Besidesherenormouslylongprefacetothefirstedition，shehasaddedasecondprefaceabusingmelikeapick—pocketforPangenesis，whichofcoursehasnorelationtothe’Origin。’SoIwrotetoParis;andReinwaldagreestobringoutatonceanewtranslationfromthefifthEnglishedition，incompetitionwithherthirdedition……Thisfactshowsthat"evolutionofspecies"mustatlastbespreadinginFrance。"
WithreferencetothespreadofEvolutionamongtheorthodox，thefollowingletterisofsomeinterest。InMarchhereceived，fromtheauthor，acopyofalecturebyRev。T。R。R。Stebbing，givenbeforetheTorquayNaturalHistorySociety，February1，1869，bearingthetitle"Darwinism。"MyfatherwrotetoMr。Stebbing:]
DearSir，Iamverymuchobligedtoyouforyourkindnessinsendingmeyourspiritedandinterestinglecture;ifalaymanhaddeliveredthesameaddress，hewouldhavedonegoodserviceinspreadingwhat，asIhopeandbelieve，istoalargeextentthetruth;butaclergymanindeliveringsuchanaddressdoes，asitappearstome，muchmoregoodbyhispowertoshakeignorantprejudices，andbysetting，ifImaybepermittedtosayso，anadmirableexampleofliberality。
Withsincererespect，Ibegleavetoremain，DearSir，yoursfaithfullyandobliged，CHARLESDARWIN。
[Thereferencestothesubjectofexpressioninthefollowingletterareexplainedbythefactthatmyfather’soriginalintentionwastogivehisessayonthissubjectasachapterinthe’DescentofMan，’whichinitsturngrew，aswehaveseen，outofaproposedchapterin’AnimalsandPlants:’]
CHARLESDARWINTOF。MULLER。
Down，February22[1869？]……Althoughyouhaveaidedmetosogreatanextentinmanyways，Iamgoingtobegforanyinformationontwoothersubjects。Iampreparingadiscussionon"SexualSelection，"andIwantmuchtoknowhowlowdownintheanimalscalesexualselectionofaparticularkindextends。Doyouknowofanylowlyorganisedanimals，inwhichthesexesareseparated，andinwhichthemalediffersfromthefemaleinarmsofoffence，likethehornsandtusksofmalemammals，oringaudyplumageandornaments，aswithbirdsandbutterflies？Idonotrefertosecondarysexualcharacters，bywhichthemaleisabletodiscoverthefemale，liketheplumedantennaeofmoths，orbywhichthemaleisenabledtoseizethefemale，likethecuriouspincersdescribedbyyouinsomeofthelowerCrustaceans。ButwhatIwanttoknowis，howlowinthescalesexualdifferencesoccurwhichrequiresomedegreeofself—consciousnessinthemales，asweaponsbywhichtheyfightforthefemale，orornamentswhichattracttheoppositesex。
Anydifferencesbetweenmalesandfemaleswhichfollowdifferenthabitsoflifewouldhavetobeexcluded。IthinkyouwilleasilyseewhatIwishtolearn。Apriori，itwouldneverhavebeenanticipatedthatinsectswouldhavebeenattractedbythebeautifulcolouringoftheoppositesex，orbythesoundsemittedbythevariousmusicalinstrumentsofthemaleOrthoptera。Iknownoonesolikelytoanswerthisquestionasyourself，andshouldbegratefulforanyinformation，howeversmall。
Mysecondsubjectreferstoexpressionofcountenance，towhichIhavelongattended，andonwhichIfeelakeeninterest;buttowhich，unfortunately，IdidnotattendwhenIhadtheopportunityofobservingvariousracesofman。Ithasoccurredtomethatyoumight，withoutmuchtrouble，makeaFEWobservationsforme，inthecourseofsomemonths，onNegroes，orpossiblyonnativeSouthAmericans，thoughIcaremostaboutNegroes;
accordinglyIenclosesomequestionsasaguide，andifyoucouldanswermeevenoneortwoIshouldfeeltrulyobliged。IamthinkingofwritingalittleessayontheOriginofMankind，asIhavebeentauntedwithconcealingmyopinions，andIshoulddothisimmediatelyafterthecompletionofmypresentbook。InthiscaseIshouldaddachapteronthecauseormeaningofexpression……
[Theremaininglettersofthisyeardealchieflywiththebooks，reviews，etc。，whichinterestedhim。]
CHARLESDARWINTOH。THIEL。
Down，February25，1869。
DearSir，Onmyreturnhomeafterashortabsence，Ifoundyourverycourteousnote，andthepamphlet（’UebereinigeFormenderLandwirthschaftlichenGenossenschaften。’byDr。H。Thiel，thenoftheAgriculturalStationatPoppelsdorf。），andIhastentothankyouforboth，andfortheveryhonourablementionwhichyoumakeofmyname。YouwillreadilybelievehowmuchinterestedIaminobservingthatyouapplytomoralandsocialquestionsanalogousviewstothosewhichIhaveusedinregardtothemodificationofspecies。Itdidnotoccurtomeformerlythatmyviewscouldbeextendedtosuchwidelydifferent，andmostimportant，subjects。
Withmuchrespect，Ibegleavetoremain，dearSir，Yoursfaithfullyandobliged，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
Down，March19[1869]。
MydearHuxley，Thanksforyour’Address。’（Inhis’AnniversaryAddress’totheGeologicalSociety，1869，Mr。HuxleycriticisedSirWilliamThomson’spaper（’Trans。
Geol。Soc。，Glasgow，’volumeiii。）"OnGeologicalTime。"）Peoplecomplainoftheunequaldistributionofwealth，butitisamuchgreatershameandinjusticethatanyonemanshouldhavethepowertowritesomanybrilliantessaysasyouhavelatelydone。Thereisnoonewhowriteslikeyou……IfI
wereinyourshoes，Ishouldtrembleformylife。Iagreewithallyousay，exceptthatImustthinkthatyoudrawtoogreatadistinctionbetweentheevolutionistsandtheuniformitarians。
IfindthatthefewsentenceswhichIhavesenttopressinthe’Origin’
abouttheageoftheworldwilldofairlywell……
Everyours，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOA。R。WALLACE。
Down，March22[1869]。
MydearWallace，Ihavefinishedyourbook（’TheMalayArchipelago，’etc。，1869。）;itseemstomeexcellent，andatthesametimemostpleasanttoread。Thatyoueverreturnedaliveiswonderfulafterallyourrisksfromillnessandseavoyages，especiallythatmostinterestingonetoWaigiouandback。OfalltheimpressionswhichIhavereceivedfromyourbook，thestrongestisthatyourperseveranceinthecauseofsciencewasheroic。Yourdescriptionsofcatchingthesplendidbutterflieshavemademequiteenvious，andatthesametimehavemademefeelalmostyoungagain，sovividlyhavetheybroughtbeforemymindolddayswhenIcollected，thoughInevermadesuchcapturesasyours。Certainlycollectingisthebestsportintheworld。I
shallbeastonishedifyourbookhasnotagreatsuccess;andyoursplendidgeneralizationsonGeographicalDistribution，withwhichIamfamiliarfromyourpapers，willbenewtomostofyourreaders。IthinkIenjoyedmosttheTimorcase，asitisbestdemonstrated;butperhapsCelebesisreallythemostvaluable。IshouldpreferlookingatthewholeAsiaticcontinentashavingformerlybeenmoreAfricaninitsfauna，thanadmittingtheformerexistenceofacontinentacrosstheIndianOcean……
[ThefollowingletterreferstoMr。Wallace’sarticleintheAprilnumberofthe’QuarterlyReview’（MyfatherwrotetoMr。Murray:"ThearticlebyWallaceisinimitablygood，anditisagreattriumphthatsuchanarticleshouldappearinthe’Quarterly，’andwillmaketheBishopofOxfordand——
gnashtheirteeth。"），1869，whichtoalargeextentdealswiththetentheditionofSirCharlesLyell’s’Principles，’publishedin1867and1868。
ThereviewcontainsastrikingpassageonSirCharlesLyell’sconfessionofevolutionaryfaithinthetentheditionofhis’Principles，’whichisworthquoting:"Thehistoryofsciencehardlypresentssostrikinganinstanceofyouthfulnessofmindinadvancedlifeasisshownbythisabandonmentofopinionssolongheldandsopowerfullyadvocated;andifwebearinmindtheextremecaution，combinedwiththeardentloveoftruthwhichcharacteriseeveryworkwhichourauthorhasproduced，weshallbeconvincedthatsogreatachangewasnotdecidedonwithoutlongandanxiousdeliberation，andthattheviewsnowadoptedmustindeedbesupportedbyargumentsofoverwhelmingforce。IffornootherreasonthanthatSirCharlesLyellinhistentheditionhasadoptedit，thetheoryofMr。Darwindeservesanattentiveandrespectfulconsiderationfromeveryearnestseekeraftertruth。"]
CHARLESDARWINTOA。R。WALLACE。
Down，April14，1869。
MydearWallace，Ihavebeenwonderfullyinterestedbyyourarticle，andIshouldthinkLyellwillbemuchgratifiedbyit。IdeclareifIhadbeeneditor，andhadthepowerofdirectingyou，Ishouldhaveselectedfordiscussiontheverypointswhichyouhavechosen。Ihaveoftensaidtoyoungergeologists（forIbeganintheyear1830）thattheydidnotknowwhatarevolutionLyellhadeffected;nevertheless，yourextractsfromCuvierhavequiteastonishedme。Thoughnotablereallytojudge，IaminclinedtoputmoreconfidenceinCrollthanyouseemtodo;butIhavebeenmuchstruckbymanyofyourremarksondegradation。Thomson’sviewsoftherecentageoftheworldhavebeenforsometimeoneofmysoresttroubles，andsoIhavebeengladtoreadwhatyousay。YourexpositionofNaturalSelectionseemstomeinimitablygood;thereneverlivedabetterexpounderthanyou。I
wasalsomuchpleasedatyourdiscussingthedifferencebetweenourviewsandLamarck’s。Onesometimesseestheodiousexpression，"Justicetomyselfcompelsmetosay，"etc。，butyouaretheonlymanIeverheardofwhopersistentlydoeshimselfaninjustice，andneverdemandsjustice。
Indeed，yououghtinthereviewtohavealludedtoyourpaperinthe’LinneanJournal，’andIfeelsureallourfriendswillagreeinthis。Butyoucannot"Burke"yourself，howevermuchyoumaytry，asmaybeseeninhalfthearticleswhichappear。IwasaskedbuttheotherdaybyaGermanprofessorforyourpaper，whichIsenthim。AltogetherIlookatyourarticleasappearinginthe’Quarterly’asanimmensetriumphforourcause。IpresumethatyourremarksonManarethosetowhichyoualludedinyournote。IfyouhadnottoldmeIshouldhavethoughtthattheyhadbeenaddedbysomeoneelse。Asyouexpected，Idiffergrievouslyfromyou，andIamverysorryforit。Icanseenonecessityforcallinginanadditionalandproximatecauseinregardtoman。（Mr。Wallacepointsoutthatanyoneacquaintedmerelywiththe"unaidedproductionsofnature，"
mightreasonablydoubtwhetheradray—horse，forexample，couldhavebeendevelopedbythepowerofmandirectingthe"actionofthelawsofvariation，multiplication，andsurvival，forhisownpurpose。Weknow，however，thatthishasbeendone，andwemustthereforeadmitthepossibilitythatinthedevelopmentofthehumanrace，ahigherintelligencehasguidedthesamelawsfornoblerends。"）Butthesubjectistoolongforaletter。IhavebeenparticularlygladtoreadyourdiscussionbecauseIamnowwritingandthinkingmuchaboutman。
IhopethatyourMalaybooksellswell;Iwasextremelypleasedwiththearticleinthe’QuarterlyJournalofScience，’inasmuchasitisthoroughlyappreciativeofyourwork:alas！youwillprobablyagreewithwhatthewritersaysabouttheusesofthebamboo。
Ihearthatthereisalsoagoodarticleinthe"SaturdayReview"，buthaveheardnothingmoreaboutit。BelievememydearWallace，Yourseversincerely，CH。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，May4[1869]。
MydearLyell，Ihavebeenappliedtoforsomephotographs（cartedevisite）tobecopiedtoornamentthediplomasofhonorarymembersofanewSocietyinServia！
Willyougivemeoneforthispurpose？Ipossessonlyafull—lengthoneofyouinmyownalbum，andthefaceistoosmall，Ithink，tobecopied。
Ihopethatyougetonwellwithyourwork，andhavesatisfiedyourselfonthedifficultpointofglacierlakes。Thankheaven，Ihavefinishedcorrectingtheneweditionofthe’Origin，’andamatmyoldworkofSexualSelection。
Wallace’sarticlestruckmeasADMIRABLE;howwellhebroughtouttherevolutionwhichyoueffectedsome30yearsago。IthoughtIhadfullyappreciatedtherevolution，butIwasastoundedattheextractsfromCuvier。Whatagoodsketchofnaturalselection！butIwasdreadfullydisappointedaboutMan，itseemstomeincrediblystrange……;andhadInotknowntothecontrary，wouldhaveswornithadbeeninsertedbysomeotherhand。ButIbelievethatyouwillnotagreequiteinallthis。
MydearLyell，everyourssincerely，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。L。A。DEQUATREFAGES。
Down，May28[1869or1870]。
DearSir，Ihavereceivedandreadyourvolume（Essaysreprintedfromthe’RevuedesDeuxMondes，’underthetitle’HistoireNaturelleGenerale，’etc。，1869。），andammuchobligedforyourpresent。Thewholestrikesmeasawonderfullyclearandablediscussion，andIwasmuchinterestedbyittothelastpage。Itisimpossiblethatanyaccountofmyviewscouldbefairer，or，asfarasspacepermitted，fuller，thanthatwhichyouhavegiven。Thewayinwhichyourepeatedlymentionmynameismostgratifyingtome。WhenIhadfinishedthesecondpart，Ithoughtthatyouhadstatedthecasesofavourablythatyouwouldmakemoreconvertsonmysidethanonyourownside。OnreadingthesubsequentpartsIhadtochangemysanguineview。Intheselatterpartsmanyofyourstricturesaresevereenough，butallaregivenwithperfectcourtesyandfairness。IcantrulysayIwouldratherbecriticisedbyyouinthismannerthanpraisedbymanyothers。I
agreewithsomeofyourcriticisms，butdifferentirelyfromtheremainder;