istheplainexpressionofthefact;’naturalselection’isametaphoricalexpressionofit，andtoacertaindegreeindirectandincorrect，since……Nature……doesnotsomuchselectspecialvarietiesasexterminatethemostunfavourableones。"）This，however，hadnotoccurredtometillreadingyourletter。Itis，however，agreatobjectiontothistermthatitcannotbeusedasasubstantivegoverningaverb;andthatthisisarealobjectionIinferfromH。Spencercontinuallyusingthewords，naturalselection。Iformerlythought，probablyinanexaggerateddegree，thatitwasagreatadvantagetobringintoconnectionnaturalandartificialselection;thisindeedledmetouseatermincommon，andIstillthinkitsomeadvantage。IwishIhadreceivedyourlettertwomonthsago，forI
wouldhaveworkedin"thesurvival，etc。，"oftenintheneweditionofthe’Origin，’whichisnowalmostprintedoff，andofwhichIwillofcoursesendyouacopy。IwillusetheterminmynextbookonDomesticAnimals，etc。，fromwhich，bytheway，IplainlyseethatyouexpectMUCH，toomuch。
ThetermNaturalSelectionhasnowbeensolargelyusedabroadandathome，thatIdoubtwhetheritcouldbegivenup，andwithallitsfaultsIshouldbesorrytoseetheattemptmade。Whetheritwillberejectedmustnowdepend"onthesurvivalofthefittest。"Asintimethetermmustgrowintelligibletheobjectionstoitsusewillgrowweakerandweaker。I
doubtwhethertheuseofanytermwouldhavemadethesubjectintelligibletosomeminds，clearasitistoothers;fordowenotseeeventothepresentdayMalthusonPopulationabsurdlymisunderstood？ThisreflectionaboutMalthushasoftencomfortedmewhenIhavebeenvexedatthemisstatementofmyviews。AsforM。Janet（ThisnodoubtreferstoJanet’s’MaterialismeContemporain。’），heisametaphysician，andsuchgentlemenaresoacutethatIthinktheyoftenmisunderstandcommonfolk。Yourcriticismonthedoublesense（"Ifindyouuse’NaturalSelection’intwosenses。1st，forthesimplepreservationoffavourableandrejectionofunfavourablevariations，inwhichcaseitisequivalenttothe’survivalofthefittest，’——and2ndly，fortheeffectorCHANGEproducedbythispreservation。"ExtractfromMr。Wallace’sletterabovequoted。）inwhichI
haveusedNaturalSelectionisnewtomeandunanswerable;butmyblunderhasdonenoharm，forIdonotbelievethatanyone，exceptingyou，haseverobservedit。Again，IagreethatIhavesaidtoomuchabout"favourablevariations;"butIaminclinedtothinkthatyouputtheoppositesidetoostrongly;ifeverypartofeverybeingvaried，Idonotthinkweshouldseethesameend，orobject，gainedbysuchwonderfullydiversifiedmeans。
Ihopeyouareenjoyingthecountry，andareingoodhealth，andareworkinghardatyourMalayArchipelagobook，forIwillalwaysputthiswishineverynoteIwritetoyou，likesomegoodpeoplealwaysputinatext。Myhealthkeepsmuchthesame，orratherimproves，andIamabletoworksomehoursdaily。Withmanythanksforyourinterestingletter。
Believeme，mydearWallace，yourssincerely，CH。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，August30[1866]。
MydearHooker，IwasverygladtogetyournoteandtheNotts。Newspaper。Ihaveseldombeenmorepleasedinmylifethanathearinghowsuccessfullyyourlecture（AttheNottinghammeetingoftheBritishAssociation，August27，1866。
Thesubjectofthelecturewas’InsularFloras。’See"Gardeners’
Chronicle"，1866。）wentoff。Mrs。H。Wedgwoodsentusanaccount，sayingthatyoureadcapitally，andwerelistenedtowithprofoundattentionandgreatapplause。Shesays，whenyourfinalallegory（SirJosephHookerallegorizedtheOxfordmeetingoftheBritishAssociationasthegatheringofatribeofsavageswhobelievedthatthenewmoonwascreatedafresheachmonth。Theangerofthepriestsandmedicinemanatacertainheresy，accordingtowhichthenewmoonisbuttheoffspringoftheoldone，isexcellentlygiven。）began，"foraminuteortwowewereallmystified，andthencamesuchburstsofapplausefromtheaudience。Itwasthoroughlyenjoyedamidroarsoflaughterandnoise，makingamostbrilliantconclusion。"
Iamrejoicedthatyouwillpublishyourlecture，andfeltsurethatsoonerorlateritwouldcometothis，indeeditwouldhavebeenasinifyouhadnotdoneso。Iamespeciallyrejoicedasyougivetheargumentsforoccasionaltransport，withsuchperfectfairness;thesewillnowreceiveafairshareofattention，ascomingfromyouaprofessedbotanist。ThanksalsoforGrove’saddress;asawholeitstrikesmeasverygoodandoriginal，butIwasdisappointedinthepartaboutSpecies;itdealtinsuchgeneralitiesthatitwouldapplytoanyviewornoviewinparticular……
Andnowfarewell。Idomostheartilyrejoiceatyoursuccess，andforGrove’ssakeatthebrilliantsuccessofthewholemeeting。
Yoursaffectionately，CHARLESDARWIN。
[Thenextletterisofinterest，asgivingthebeginningoftheconnectionwhicharosebetweenmyfatherandProfessorVictorCarus。ThetranslationreferredtoisthethirdGermaneditionmadefromthefourthEnglishone。
FromthistimeforwardProfessorCaruscontinuedtotranslatemyfather’sbooksintoGerman。Theconscientiouscarewithwhichthisworkwasdonewasofmaterialservice，andIwellremembertheadmiration（mingledwithatingeofvexationathisownshort—comings）withwhichmyfatherusedtoreceivethelistsofoversights，etc。，whichProfessorCarusdiscoveredinthecourseoftranslation。Theconnectionwasnotamerebusinessone，butwascementedbywarmfeelingsofregardonbothsides。]
CHARLESDARWINTOVICTORCARUS。
Down，November10，1866。
MydearSir，Ithankyouforyourextremelykindletter。Icannotexpresstoostronglymysatisfactionthatyouhaveundertakentherevisionofthenewedition，andIfeelthehonourwhichyouhaveconferredonme。Ifearthatyouwillfindthelabourconsiderable，notonlyonaccountoftheadditions，butI
suspectthatBronn’stranslationisverydefective，atleastIhaveheardcomplaintsonthisheadfromquitealargenumberofpersons。Itwouldbeagreatgratificationtometoknowthatthetranslationwasareallygoodone，suchasIhavenodoubtyouwillproduce。AccordingtoourEnglishpractice，youwillbefullyjustifiedinentirelyomittingBronn’sAppendix，andIshallbeverygladofitsomission。Aneweditionmaybelookedatasanewwork……Youcouldaddanythingofyourownthatyouliked，andIshouldbemuchpleased。Shouldyoumakeanyadditionsorappendnotes，itappearstomethatNageli"EntstehungundBegriff，"etc。
（’EntstehungundBegriffderNaturhistorischenArt。’Anaddressgivenatapublicmeetingofthe’R。AcademyofSciences’atMunich，March28，1865。），wouldbeworthnoticing，asoneofthemostablepamphletsonthesubject。
Iam，however，farfromagreeingwithhimthattheacquisitionofcertaincharacterswhichappeartobeofnoservicetoplants，offersanygreatdifficulty，oraffordsaproofofsomeinnatetendencyinplantstowardsperfection。Ifyouintendtonoticethispamphlet，Ishouldliketowritehereafteralittlemoreindetailonthesubject……IwishIhadknownwhenwritingmyHistoricalSketchthatyouhadin1853publishedyourviewsonthegenealogicalconnectionofpastandpresentforms。
IsupposeyouhavethesheetsofthelastEnglisheditiononwhichImarkedwithpencilallthechiefadditions，butmanylittlecorrectionsofstylewerenotmarked。
PraybelievethatIfeelsincerelygratefulforthegreatserviceandhonourwhichyoudomebythepresenttranslation。
Iremain，mydearSir，yoursverysincerely，CHARLESDARWIN。
P。S。——IshouldbeVERYMUCHpleasedtopossessyourphotograph，andIsendmineincaseyoushouldliketohaveacopy。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。NAGELI。（ProfessorofBotanyatMunich。）
Down，June12[1866]。
DearSir，IhopeyouwillexcusethelibertywhichItakeinwritingtoyou。Ihavejustread，thoughimperfectly，your’EntstehungundBegriff，’andhavebeensogreatlyinterestedbyit，thatIhavesentittobetranslated，asIamapoorGermanscholar。Ihavejustfinishedanew[4th]editionofmy’Origin，’whichwillbetranslatedintoGerman，andmyobjectinwritingtoyouistosaythatifyoushouldseethiseditionyouwouldthinkthatI
hadborrowedfromyou，withoutacknowledgment，twodiscussionsonthebeautyofflowersandfruit;butIassureyoueverywordwasprintedoffbeforeIhadopenedyourpamphlet。ShouldyouliketopossessacopyofeithertheGermanorEnglishnewedition，Ishouldbeproudtosendone。I
mayadd，withrespecttothebeautyofflowers，thatIhavealreadyhintedthesameviewsasyouholdinmypaperonLythrum。
ManyofyourcriticismsonmyviewsarethebestwhichIhavemetwith，butIcouldanswersome，atleasttomyownsatisfaction;andIregretextremelythatIhadnotreadyourpamphletbeforeprintingmynewedition。
Ononeortwopoints，Ithink，youhavealittlemisunderstoodme，thoughI
daresayIhavenotbeencautiousinexpressingmyself。Theremarkwhichhasstruckmemost，isthatonthepositionoftheleavesnothavingbeenacquiredthroughnaturalselection，fromnotbeingofanyspecialimportancetotheplant。Iwellrememberbeingformerlytroubledbyananalogousdifficulty，namely，thepositionoftheovules，theiranatropouscondition，etc。ItwasowingtoforgetfulnessthatIdidnotnoticethisdifficultyinthe’Origin。’（Nageli’sEssayisnoticedinthe5thedition。）AlthoughIcanoffernoexplanationofsuchfacts，andonlyhopetoseethattheymaybeexplained，yetIhardlyseehowtheysupportthedoctrineofsomelawofnecessarydevelopment，foritisnotcleartomethataplant，withitsleavesplacedatsomeparticularangle，orwithitsovulesinsomeparticularposition，thusstandshigherthananotherplant。
ButImustapologisefortroublingyouwiththeseremarks。
AsImuchwishtopossessyourphotograph，Itakethelibertyofenclosingmyown，andwithsincererespectIremain，dearSir，Yoursfaithfully，CH。DARWIN。
[Igiveafewextractsfromlettersofvariousdatesshowingmyfather’sinterest，alludedtointhelastletter，intheproblemofthearrangementoftheleavesonthestemsofplants。ItmaybeaddedthatProfessorSchwendenerofBerlinhassuccessfullyattackedthequestioninhis’MechanischeTheoriederBlattstellungen，’1878。
TODR。FALCONER。
August26[1863]。
"DoyouremembertellingmethatIoughttostudyPhyllotaxy？WellIhaveoftenwishedyouatthebottomofthesea;forIcouldnotresist，andI
muddledmybrainswithdiagrams，etc。，andspecimens，andmadeout，asmighthavebeenexpected，nothing。ThoseanglesareamostwonderfulproblemandIwishIcouldseesomeonegivearationalexplanationofthem。"
TODR。ASAGRAY。
May11[1861]。
"Ifyouwishtosavemefromamiserabledeath，dotellmewhytheangles1/2，1/3，2/5，3/8，etc，seriesoccur，andnootherangles。Itisenoughtodrivethequietestmanmad。Didyouandsomemathematician（ProbablymyfatherwasthinkingofChaunceyWright’sworkonPhyllotaxy，inGould’s’AstronomicalJournal，’No。99，1856，andinthe’MathematicalMonthly，’
1859。Thesepapersarementionedinthe"LettersofChaunceyWright。’Mr。
Wrightcorrespondedwithmyfatheronthesubject。）publishsomepaperonthesubject？Hookersaysyoudid;whereisit？
TODR。ASAGRAY。
[May31，1863？]。
"IhavebeenlookingatNageli’sworkonthissubject，andamastonishedtoseethattheangleisnotalwaysthesameinyoungshootswhentheleaf—
budsarefirstdistinguishable，asinfull—grownbranches。Thisshows，I
think，thattheremustbesomepotentcauseforthoseangleswhichdooccur:IdaresaythereissomeexplanationassimpleasthatfortheanglesoftheBees—cells。"
MyfatheralsocorrespondedwithDr。HubertAiryandwasinterestedinhisviewsonthesubject，publishedintheRoyalSoc。Proceedings，1873，page176。
Wenowreturntotheyear1866。
InNovember，whentheprosecutionofGovernorEyrewasdividingEnglandintotwobitterlyopposedparties，hewrotetoSirJ。Hooker:——
"YouwillshriekatmewhenyouhearthatIhavejustsubscribedtotheJamaicaCommittee。"（Hesubscribed10pounds。）
OnthissubjectIquotefromaletterofmybrother’s:——
"WithrespecttoGovernorEyre’sconductinJamaica，hefeltstronglythatJ。S。Millwasrightinprosecutinghim。Irememberoneevening，atmyUncle’s，weweretalkingonthesubject，andasIhappenedtothinkitwastoostrongameasuretoprosecuteGovernorEyreformurder，Imadesomefoolishremarkabouttheprosecutorsspendingthesurplusofthefundinadinner。Myfatherturnedonmealmostwithfury，andtoldme，ifthoseweremyfeelings，IhadbettergobacktoSouthampton;theinhabitantshavinggivenadinnertoGovernorEyreonhislanding，butwithwhichIhadhadnothingtodo。"Theendoftheincident，astoldbymybrother，issocharacteristicofmyfatherthatIcannotresistgivingit，thoughithasnobearingonthepointatissue。"Nextmorningat7o’clock，orso，hecameintomybedroomandsatonmybed，andsaidthathehadnotbeenabletosleepfromthethoughtthathehadbeensoangrywithme，andafterafewmorekindwordsheleftme。"
ThesamerestlessdesiretocorrectadisagreeableorincorrectimpressioniswellillustratedinanextractwhichIquotefromsomenotesbyRev。J。
BrodieInnes:——
"Alliedtotheextremecarefulnessofobservationwashismostremarkabletruthfulnessinallmatters。Ononeoccasion，whenaparishmeetinghadbeenheldonsomedisputedpointofnogreatimportance，IwassurprisedbyavisitfromMr。Darwinatnight。Hecametosaythat，thinkingoverthedebate，thoughwhathehadsaidwasquiteaccurate，hethoughtImighthavedrawnanerroneousconclusion，andhewouldnotsleeptillhehadexplainedit。Ibelievethatifonanydaysomecertainfacthadcometohisknowledgewhichcontradictedhismostcherishedtheories，hewouldhaveplacedthefactonrecordforpublicationbeforeheslept。"
Thistallieswithmyfather’shabits，asdescribedbyhimself。Whenadifficultyoranobjectionoccurredtohim，hethoughtitofparamountimportancetomakeanoteofitinstantlybecausehefoundhostilefactstobeespeciallyevanescent。
Thesamepointisillustratedbythefollowingincident，forwhichIamindebtedtoMr。Romanes:——
"IhavealwaysrememberedthefollowinglittleincidentasagoodexampleofMr。Darwin’sextremesolicitudeonthescoreofaccuracy。OneeveningatDowntherewasageneralconversationuponthedifficultyofexplainingtheevolutionofsomeofthedistinctivelyhumanemotions，especiallythoseappertainingtotherecognitionofbeautyinnaturalscenery。Isuggestedaviewofmyownuponthesubject，which，dependingupontheprincipleofassociation，requiredthesuppositionthatalonglineofancestorsshouldhaveinhabitedregions，thesceneryofwhichisnowregardedasbeautiful。
JustasIwasabouttoobservethatthechiefdifficultyattachingtomyhypothesisarosefromfeelingsofthesublime（seeingthattheseareassociatedwithawe，andmightthereforebeexpectednottobeagreeable），Mr。Darwinanticipatedtheremark，byaskinghowthehypothesiswastomeetthecaseofthesefeelings。Intheconversationwhichfollowed，hesaidtheoccasioninhisownlife，whenhewasmostaffectedbytheemotionsofthesublimewaswhenhestoodupononeofthesummitsoftheCordillera，andsurveyedthemagnificentprospectallaround。Itseemed，ashequaintlyobserved，asifhisnerveshadbecomefiddlestrings，andhadalltakentorapidlyvibrating。Thisremarkwasonlymadeincidentally，andtheconversationpassedintosomeotherbranch。AboutanhourafterwardsMr。Darwinretiredtorest，whileIsatupinthesmoking—roomwithoneofhissons。Wecontinuedsmokingandtalkingforseveralhours，whenataboutoneo’clockinthemorningthedoorgentlyopenedandMr。Darwinappeared，inhisslippersanddressing—gown。AsnearlyasIcanremember，thefollowingarethewordsheused:——
"’SinceIwenttobedIhavebeenthinkingoverourconversationinthedrawing—room，andithasjustoccurredtomethatIwaswrongintellingyouIfeltmostofthesublimewhenonthetopoftheCordillera;IamquitesurethatIfeltitevenmorewhenintheforestsofBrazil。I
thoughtitbesttocomeandtellyouthisatonceincaseIshouldbeputtingyouwrong。IamsurenowthatIfeltmostsublimeintheforests。’
"Thiswasallhehadcometosay，anditwasevidentthathehadcometodoso，becausehethoughtthatthefactofhisfeeling’mostsublimeinforests’wasmoreinaccordancewiththehypothesiswhichwehadbeendiscussing，thanthefactwhichhehadpreviouslystated。Now，asnooneknewbetterthanMr。Darwinthedifferencebetweenaspeculationandafact，Ithoughtthislittleexhibitionofscientificconscientiousnessverynoteworthy，wheretheonlyquestionconcernedwasofsohighlyspeculativeacharacter。Ishouldnothavebeensomuchimpressedifhehadthoughtthatbyhistemporaryfailureofmemoryhehadputmeonawrongscentinanymatteroffact，althougheveninsuchacaseheistheonlymanIeverknewwhowouldcaretogetoutofbedatsuchatimeatnightinordertomakethecorrectionimmediately，insteadofwaitingtillnextmorning。Butasthecorrectiononlyhadreferencetoaflimsyhypothesis，Icertainlywasverymuchimpressedbythisdisplayofcharacter。"]
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，December10[1866]……IhavenowreadthelastNo。ofH。Spencer。（’PrinciplesofBiology。’）
Idonotknowwhethertothinkitbetterthanthepreviousnumber，butitiswonderfullyclever，andIdaresaymostlytrue。IfeelrathermeanwhenIreadhim:Icouldbear，andratherenjoyfeelingthathewastwiceasingeniousandcleverasmyself，butwhenIfeelthatheisaboutadozentimesmysuperior，eveninthemasterartofwriggling，Ifeelaggrieved。
Ifhehadtrainedhimselftoobservemore，evenifattheexpense，bythelawofbalancement，ofsomelossofthinkingpower，hewouldhavebeenawonderfulman……IamHEARTILYgladyouaretakinguptheDistributionofPlantsinNewZealand，andsupposeitwillmakepartofyournewbook。Yourview，asI
understandit，thatNewZealandsubsidedandformedtwoormoresmallislands，andthenroseagain，seemstomeextremelyprobable……WhenI
puzzledmybrainsaboutNewZealand，IrememberIcametotheconclusion，asindeedIstateinthe’Origin，’thatitsflora，aswellasthatofothersouthernlands，hadbeentincturedbyanAntarcticflora，whichmusthaveexistedbeforetheGlacialperiod。IconcludedthatNewZealandnevercouldhavebeencloselyconnectedwithAustralia，thoughIsupposedithadreceivedsomefewAustralianformsbyoccasionalmeansoftransport。IsthereanyreasontosupposethatNewZealandcouldhavebeenmorecloselyconnectedwithSouthAustraliaduringtheglacialperiod，whentheEucalypti，etc。，mighthavebeendrivenfurtherNorth？Apparentlythereremainsonlytheline，whichIthinkyousuggested，ofsunkenislandsfromNewCaledonia。PleaserememberthattheEdwardsiawascertainlydriftedtherebythesea。
Irememberinolddaysspeculatingontheamountoflife，i。e。oforganicchemicalchange，atdifferentperiods。Thereseemstomeoneverydifficultelementintheproblem，namely，thestateofdevelopmentoftheorganicbeingsateachperiod，forIpresumethataFloraandFaunaofcellularcryptogamicplants，ofProtozoaandRadiatawouldleadtomuchlesschemicalchangethanisnowgoingon。ButIhavescribbledenough。
Yoursaffectionately，CH。DARWIN。
[ThefollowingletterisinacknowledgmentofMr。Rivers’replytoanearlierletterinwhichmyfatherhadaskedforinformationonbud—
variation:
Itmayfindaplacehereinillustrationofthemannerofmyfather’sintercoursewiththose"whoseavocationsinlifehadtodowiththerearingoruseoflivingthings"（"Mr。Dyerin’CharlesDarwin，’""NatureSeries"，1882，page39。）——anintercoursewhichboresuchgoodfruitinthe’VariationofAnimalsandPlants。’Mr。Dyerhassomeexcellentremarksontheunexpectedvaluethusplacedonapparentlytrivialfactsdisinterredfromweeklyjournals，oramassedbycorrespondence。Headds:
"Horticulturistswhohad……mouldedplantsalmostattheirwillattheimpulseoftasteorprofitwereatonceamazedandcharmedtofindthattheyhadbeendoingscientificworkandhelpingtoestablishagreattheory。"]
CHARLESDARWINTOT。RIVERS。（ThelateMr。Riverswasaneminenthorticulturistandwriteronhorticulture。）
Down，December28[1866？]。
MydearSir，Permitmetothankyoucordiallyforyourmostkindletter。ForyearsI
havereadwithinteresteveryscrapwhichyouhavewritteninperiodicals，andabstractedinMS。yourbookonRoses，andseveraltimesIthoughtI
wouldwritetoyou，butdidnotknowwhetheryouwouldthinkmetoointrusive。Ishall，indeed，betrulyobligedforanyinformationyoucansupplymeonbud—variationorsports。Whenanyextradifficultpointsoccurtomeinmypresentsubject（whichisamassofdifficulties），Iwillapplytoyou，butIwillnotbeunreasonable。Itismosttruewhatyousaythatanyonetostudywellthephysiologyofthelifeofplants，oughttohaveunderhiseyeamultitudeofplants。IhaveendeavouredtodowhatI
canbycomparingstatementsbymanywritersandobservingwhatIcouldmyself。Unfortunatelyfewhaveobservedlikeyouhavedone。Asyouaresokind，IwillmentiononeotherpointonwhichIamcollectingfacts;
namely，theeffectproducedonthestockbythegraft;thus，itisSAID，thatthepurple—leavedfilbertaffectstheleavesofthecommonhazelonwhichitisgrafted（Ihavejustprocuredaplanttotry），sovariegatedjessamineisSAIDtoaffectitsstock。IwantthesefactspartlytothrowlightonthemarvellouslaburnumAdami，trifacialoranges，etc。Thatlaburnumcaseseemsoneofthestrangestinphysiology。Ihavenowgrowingsplendid，FERTILE，yellowlaburnums（withalongracemeliketheso—calledWaterer’slaburnum）fromseedofyellowflowersontheC。Adami。Toamanlikemyself，whoiscompelledtoliveasolitarylife，andseesfewpersons，itisnoslightsatisfactiontohearthatIhavebeenableatall[to]interestbymybooksobserverslikeyourself。
AsIshallpublishonmypresentsubject，Ipresume，withinayear，itwillbeofnouseyoursendingmetheshootsofpeachesandnectarineswhichyousokindlyoffer;Ihaverecordedyourfacts。
Permitmeagaintothankyoucordially;Ihavenotofteninmylifereceivedakinderletter。
MydearSir，yourssincerely，CH。DARWIN。
CHAPTER2。V。
THEPUBLICATIONOFTHE’VARIATIONOFANIMALSANDPLANTSUNDER
DOMESTICATION。’
JANUARY1867，TOJUNE1868。
[Atthebeginningoftheyear1867hewasatworkonthefinalchapter——
"ConcludingRemarks"ofthe’VariationofAnimalsandPlantsunderDomestication，’whichwasbegunaftertherestoftheMS。hadbeensenttotheprintersintheprecedingDecember。WithregardtothepublicationofthebookhewrotetoMr。Murray，onJanuary3:——
"IcannottellyouhowsorryIamtohearoftheenormoussizeofmybook。
（OnJanuary9hewrotetoSirJ。D。Hooker:"IhavebeentheselastfewdaysvexedandannoyedtoafoolishdegreebyhearingthatmyMS。onDom。
An。andCult。Plantswillmake2volumes，bothbiggerthanthe’Origin。’
Thevolumeswillhavetobefull—sizedoctavo，soIhavewrittentoMurraytosuggestdetailstobeprintedinsmalltype。ButIfeelthatthesizeisquiteludicrousinrelationtothesubject。Iamreadytoswearatmyselfandateveryfoolwhowritesabook。"）Ifearitcanneverpay。
ButIcannotshortenitnow;nor，indeed，ifIhadforeseenitslength，doIseewhichpartsoughttohavebeenomitted。
"Ifyouareafraidtopublishit，saysoatonce，Ibegyou，andIwillconsideryournoteascancelled。Ifyouthinkfit，getanyonewhosejudgmentyourelyon，tolookoversomeofthemorelegiblechapters，namely，theIntroduction，andondogsandplants，thelatterchaptersbeinginmyopinion，thedullestinthebook……Thelistofchapters，andtheinspectionofafewhereandthere，wouldgiveagoodjudgeafairideaofthewholebook。Praydonotpublishblindly，asitwouldvexmeallmylifeifIledyoutoheavyloss。"
Mr。MurrayreferredtheMS。toaliteraryfriend，and，inspiteofasomewhatadverseopinion，willinglyagreedtopublishthebook。Myfatherwrote:——
"Yournotehasbeenagreatrelieftome。Iamratheralarmedabouttheverdictofyourfriend，asheisnotamanofscience。Ithinkifyouhadsentthe’Origin’toanunscientificman，hewouldhaveutterlycondemnedit。Iam，however，VERYGLADthatyouhaveconsultedanyoneonwhomyoucanrely。
"Imustadd，thatmy’JournalofResearches’wasseeninMS。byaneminentsemi—scientificman，andwaspronouncedunfitforpublication。"
TheproofswerebeguninMarch，andthelastrevisewasfinishedonNovember15th，andduringthisperiodtheonlyintervalsofrestweretwovisitsofaweekeachathisbrotherErasmus’shouseinQueenAnneStreet。
HenotesinhisDiary:——
"Ibeganthisbook[inthe]beginningof1860（andthenhadsomeMS。），butowingtointerruptionsfrommyillness，andillnessofchildren;fromvariouseditionsofthe’Origin，’andPapers，especiallyOrchisbookandTendrils，Ihavespentfouryearsandtwomonthsoverit。"
Theeditionof’AnimalsandPlants’wasof1500copies，andofthese1260
weresoldatMr。Murray’sautumnalsale，butitwasnotpublisheduntilJanuary30，1868。Aneweditionof1250copieswasprintedinFebruaryofthesameyear。
In1867hereceivedthedistinctionofbeingmadeaknightofthePrussianOrder"PourleMerite。"（TheOrder"PourleMerite"wasfoundedin1740byFrederickII。bythere—christeningofan"OrderofGenerosity，"foundedin1665。Itwasatonetimestrictlymilitary，havingbeenpreviouslybothcivilandmilitary，andin1840theOrderwasagainopenedtocivilians。
TheorderconsistsofthirtymembersofGermanextraction，butdistinguishedforeignersareadmittedtoakindofextraordinarymembership。Faraday，Herschel，andThomasMoore，havebelongedtoitinthisway。Fromthethirtymembersachancelloriselectedbytheking（thefirstofficerofthiskindwasAlexanderv。Humboldt）;anditisthedutyofthechancellortonotifyavacancyintheOrdertotheremainderofthethirty，whothenelectbyvotethenewmember——butthekinghastechnicallytheappointmentinhisownhands。）Heseemsnottohaveknownhowgreatthedistinctionwas，forinJune1868hewrotetoSirJ。D。Hooker:——
"Whatamanyouareforsympathy。Iwasmade"Eques"somemonthsago，butdidnotthinkmuchaboutit。Now，byJove，wealldo;butyou，infact，haveknightedme。"
Thelettersmaynowtakeupthestory。]
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，February8[1867]。
MydearHooker，IamheartilygladthatyouhavebeenofferedthePresidentshipoftheBritishAssociation，foritisagreathonour，andasyouhavesomuchworktodo，Iamequallygladthatyouhavedeclinedit。Ifeel，however，convincedthatyouwouldhavesucceededverywell;butifIfancymyselfinsuchaposition，itactuallymakesmybloodruncold。IlookbackwithamazementattheskillandtastewithwhichtheDukeofArgyllmadeamultitudeoflittlespeechesatGlasgow。Bytheway，IhavenotseentheDuke’sbook（’TheReignofLaw，’1867。），butIformerlythoughtthatsomeofthearticleswhichappearedinperiodicalswereveryclever，butnotveryprofound。Oneofthesewasreviewedinthe"SaturdayReview"
（"SaturdayReview"，November15，1862，’The"EdinburghReview"ontheSupernatural。’Writtenbymycousin，Mr。HenryParker。）someyearsago，andthefallacyofsomemainargumentwasadmirablyexposed，andIsentthearticletoyou，andyouagreedstronglywithit……TherewastheotherdayarathergoodreviewoftheDuke’sbookinthe"Spectator"，andwithanewexplanation，eitherbytheDukeorthereviewer（Icouldnotmakeoutwhich），ofrudimentaryorgans，namely，thateconomyoflabourandmaterialwasagreatguidingprinciplewithGod（ignoringwasteofseedandofyoungmonsters，etc。），andthatmakinganewplanforthestructureofanimalswasthought，andthoughtwaslabour，andthereforeGodkepttoauniformplan，andleftrudiments。Thisisnoexaggeration。Inshort，Godisaman，ratherclevererthanus……Iamverymuchobligedforthe"Nation"
（returnedbythispost）;itisADMIRABLYgood。YousayIalwaysguesswrong，butIdonotbelieveanyone，exceptAsaGray，couldhavedonethethingsowell。Iwouldbeteven，orthreetotwo，thatitisAsaGray，thoughoneortwopassagesstaggeredme。
Ifinishmybookon’DomesticAnimals，’etc。，byasingleparagraph，answering，orratherthrowingdoubt，insofarassolittlespacepermits，onAsaGray’sdoctrinethateachvariationhasbeenspeciallyorderedorledalongabeneficialline。Itisfoolishtotouchsuchsubjects，buttherehavebeensomanyallusionstowhatIthinkaboutthepartwhichGodhasplayedintheformationoforganicbeings（Prof。Juddallowsmetoquotefromsomenoteswhichhehaskindlygivenme:——"LyelloncetoldmethathehadfrequentlybeenaskedifDarwinwasnotoneofthemostunhappyofmen，itbeingsuggestedthathisoutrageuponpublicopinionshouldhavefilledhimwithremorse。"SirCharlesLyellmusthavebeenable，Ithink，togiveasatisfactoryansweronthispoint。ProfessorJuddcontinues:——
"ImadeanoteofthisandotherconversationsofLyell’satthetime。Atthepresenttimesuchstatementsmustappearstrangetoanyonewhodoesnotrecollecttherevolutioninopinionwhichhastakenplaceduringthelast23years[1882]。"），thatIthoughtitshabbytoevadethequestion……I
haveevenreceivedseverallettersonthesubject……IoverlookedyoursentenceaboutProvidence，andsupposeItreateditasBucklanddidhisowntheology，whenhisBridgewaterTreatisewasreadaloudtohimforcorrection……
[Thefollowingletter，fromMrs。Boole，isoneofthosereferredtointhelastlettertoSirJ。D。Hooker:]
DearSir，Willyouexcusemyventuringtoaskyouaquestion，towhichnoone’sanswerbutyourownwouldbequitesatisfactory？
DoyouconsidertheholdingofyourtheoryofNaturalSelection，initsfullestandmostunreservedsense，tobeinconsistent——Idonotsaywithanyparticularschemeoftheologicaldoctrine——butwiththefollowingbelief，namely:——
ThatknowledgeisgiventomanbythedirectinspirationoftheSpiritofGod。
ThatGodisapersonalandInfinitelygoodBeing。
ThattheeffectoftheactionoftheSpiritofGodonthebrainofmanisespeciallyamoraleffect。
Andthateachindividualmanhaswithincertainlimitsapowerofchoiceastohowfarhewillyieldtohishereditaryanimalimpulses，andhowfarhewillratherfollowtheguidanceoftheSpirit，whoiseducatinghimintoapowerofresistingthoseimpulsesinobediencetomoralmotives？
ThereasonwhyIaskyouisthis:myownimpressionhasalwaysbeen，notonlythatyourtheorywasperfectlyCOMPATIBLEwiththefaithtowhichI
havejusttriedtogiveexpression，butthatyourbooksaffordedmeacluewhichwouldguidemeinapplyingthatfaithtothesolutionofcertaincomplicatedpsychologicalproblemswhichitwasofpracticalimportancetomeasamothertosolve。Ifeltthatyouhadsuppliedoneofthemissinglinks——nottosayTHEmissinglink——betweenthefactsofscienceandthepromisesofreligion。Everyyear’sexperiencetendstodeepeninmethatimpression。
ButIhavelatelyreadremarksontheprobablebearingofyourtheoryonreligiousandmoralquestionswhichhaveperplexedandpainedmesorely。I
knowthatthepersonswhomakesuchremarksmustbeclevererandwiserthanmyself。Icannotfeelsurethattheyaremistaken，unlessyouwilltellmeso。AndIthink——Icannotknowforcertain——butITHINK——thatifIwereanauthor，Iwouldratherthatthehumbleststudentofmyworksshouldapplytomedirectlyinadifficulty，thanthatsheshouldpuzzletoolongoveradverseandprobablymistakenorthoughtlesscriticisms。