……AgainIsay，donothateme。Everyoursmosttruly，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
1CarltonTerrace，Southampton（ThehouseofhissonWilliam。），August22，[1862]……Iheartilyhopethatyou（I。e。’TheAntiquityofMan。’）willbeoutinOctober……yousaythattheBishopandOwenwillbedownonyou;thelatterhardlycan，forIwasassuredthatOweninhisLecturesthisspringadvancedasanewideathatwinglessbirdshadlosttheirwingsbydisuse，alsothatmagpiesstolespoons，etc。，fromaREMNANTofsomeinstinctlikethatoftheBower—Bird，whichornamentsitsplaying—passagewithprettyfeathers。Indeed，Iamtoldthathehintedplainlythatallbirdsaredescendedfromone……
YourP。S。toucheson，asitseemstome，verydifficultpoints。Iamgladtosee[that]inthe’Origin，’Ionlysaythatthenaturalistsgenerallyconsiderthatloworganismsvarymorethanhigh;andthisIthinkcertainlyisthegeneralopinion。IputthestatementthiswaytoshowthatI
considereditonlyanopinionprobablytrue。ImustownthatIdonotatalltrustevenHooker’scontraryopinion，asIfeelprettysurethathehasnottabulatedanyresult。Ihavesomematerialsathome，IthinkI
attemptedtomakethispointout，butcannotremembertheresult。
Merevariability，thoughthenecessaryfoundationofallmodifications，I
believetobealmostalwayspresent，enoughtoallowofanyamountofselectedchange;sothatitdoesnotseemtomeatallincompatiblethatagroupwhichatanyoneperiod（orduringallsuccessiveperiods）variesless，shouldinthelongcourseoftimehaveundergonemoremodificationthanagroupwhichisgenerallymorevariable。
Placentalanimals，e。g。mightbeateachperiodlessvariablethanMarsupials，andneverthelesshaveundergonemoreDIFFERENTIATIONanddevelopmentthanmarsupials，owingtosomeadvantage，probablybraindevelopment。
Iamsurprised，butdonotpretendtoformanopinionatHooker’sstatementthathigherspecies，genera，etc。，arebestlimited。Itseemstomeaboldstatement。
Lookingtothe’Origin，’IseethatIstatethattheproductionsofthelandseemtochangequickerthanthoseofthesea（ChapterX。，page339，3dedition），andIaddthereissomereasontobelievethatorganismsconsideredhighinthescalechangequickerthanthosethatarelow。I
rememberwritingthesesentencesaftermuchdeliberation……IrememberwellfeelingmuchhesitationaboutputtingineventheguardedsentenceswhichI
did。Mydoubts，Iremember，relatedtotherateofchangeoftheRadiataintheSecondaryformation，andoftheForaminiferaintheoldestTertiarybeds……
Goodnight，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，October1[1862]……Ifoundhere（OnhisreturnfromBournemouth。）ashortandverykindnoteofFalconer，withsomepagesofhis’ElephantMemoir，’whichwillbepublished，inwhichhetreatsadmirablyonlongpersistenceoftype。I
thoughthewasgoingtomakeagoodandcrushingattackonme，buttomygreatsatisfaction，heendsbypointingoutaloophole，andadds（Falconer，"OntheAmericanFossilElephant，"inthe’Nat。Hist。Review，’1863，page81。Thewordsprecedingthosecitedbymyfathermakethemeaningofhisquotationclearer。Thepassagebeginsasfollows:"TheinferenceswhichI
drawfromthesefactsarenotopposedtooneoftheleadingpropositionsofDarwin’stheory。Withhim，"etc。etc。）"withhimIhavenofaiththatthemammothandotherextinctelephantsmadetheirappearancesuddenly……Themostrationalviewseemstobethattheyarethemodifieddescendantsofearlierprogenitors，etc。"Thisiscapital。Therewillnotbesoononegoodpalaeontologistwhobelievesinimmutability。FalconerdoesnotallowfortheProboscideangroupbeingafailingone，andthereforenotlikelytobegivingoffnewraces。
HeaddsthathedoesnotthinkNaturalSelectionsuffices。Idonotquiteseetheforceofhisargument，andheapparentlyoverlooksthatIsayoverandoveragainthatNaturalSelectioncandonothingwithoutvariability，andthatvariabilityissubjecttothemostcomplexfixedlaws……
[InhisletterstoSirJ。D。Hooker，abouttheendofthisyear，areoccasionalnotesontheprogressofthe’VariationofAnimalsandPlants。’
ThusonNovember24thhewrote:"IhardlyknowwhyIamalittlesorry，butmypresentworkisleadingmetobelieverathermoreinthedirectactionofphysicalconditions。IpresumeIregretit，becauseitlessensthegloryofnaturalselection，andissoconfoundedlydoubtful。PerhapsI
shallchangeagainwhenIgetallmyfactsunderonepointofview，andaprettyhardjobthiswillbe。"
Again，onDecember22nd，"To—dayIhavebeguntothinkofarrangingmyconcludingchaptersonInheritance，Reversion，Selection，andsuchthings，andamfairlyparalyzedhowtobeginandhowtoend，andwhattodo，withmyhugepilesofmaterials。"]
CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
Down，November6[1862]。
MydearGray，WhenyournoteofOctober4thand13th（chieflyaboutMaxMuller）arrived，Iwasnearlyattheendofthesamebook（’LecturesontheScienceofLanguage，’1stedition1861。），andhadintendedrecommendingyoutoreadit。Iquiteagreethatitisextremelyinteresting，butthelatterpartabouttheFIRSToriginoflanguagemuchtheleastsatisfactory。Itisamarvellousproblem……[Thereare]covertsneersatme，whichheseemstogetthebetteroftowardsthecloseofthebook。Icannotquiteseehowitwillforward"mycause，"asyoucallit;butIcanseehowanyonewithliterarytalent（Idonotfeeluptoit）couldmakegreatuseofthesubjectinillustration。（LanguagewastreatedinthemannerhereindicatedbySirC。Lyellinthe’AntiquityofMan。’AlsobyProf。
Schleicher，whosepamphletwasfullynoticedinthe"Reader"，February27，1864（asIlearnfromoneofProf。Huxley’s’LaySermons’）。）Whatprettymetaphorsyouwouldmakefromit！Iwishsomeonewouldkeepalotofthemostnoisymonkeys，halffree，andstudytheirmeansofcommunication！
Abookhasjustappearedherewhichwill，Isuppose，makeanoise，byBishopColenso（’ThePentateuchandBookofJoshuacriticallyexamined，’
sixparts，1862—71。），who，judgingfromextracts，smashesmostoftheOldtestament。Talkingofbooks，Iaminthemiddleofonewhichpleasesme，thoughitisveryinnocentfood，viz。，MissCoopers’JournalofaNaturalist。’Whoisshe？Sheseemsaverycleverwoman，andgivesacapitalaccountofthebattlebetweenOURandYOURweeds。DoesitnothurtyourYankeepridethatwethrashyousoconfoundedly？IamsureMrs。Graywillstickupforyourownweeds。Askherwhethertheyarenotmorehonest，downrightgoodsortofweeds。Thebookgivesanextremelyprettypictureofoneofyourvillages;butIseeyourautumn，thoughsomuchmoregorgeousthanours，comesonsooner，andthatisonecomfort……
CHARLESDARWINTOH。W。BATES。
Down，November20[1862]。
DearBates，Ihavejustfinished，afterseveralreads，yourpaper。（ThisreferstoMr。
Bates’spaper，"ContributionstoanInsectFaunaoftheAmazonsValley"
（’Linn。Soc。Trans。’xxiii。，1862），inwhichthenowfamiliarsubjectofmimicrywasfounded。Myfatherwroteashortreviewofitinthe’NaturalHistoryReview，’1863，page219，partsofwhichoccurinthisreviewalmostverbatiminthelatereditionsofthe’OriginofSpecies。’Astrikingpassageoccursshowingthedifficultiesofthecasefromacreationist’spointofview:——
"Bywhatmeans，itmaybeasked，havesomanybutterfliesoftheAmazonianregionacquiredtheirdeceptivedress？Mostnaturalistswillanswerthattheywerethusclothedfromthehouroftheircreation——ananswerwhichwillgenerallybesofartriumphantthatitcanbemetonlybylong—drawnarguments;butitismadeattheexpenseofputtinganeffectualbartoallfurtherenquiry。Inthisparticularcase，moreover，thecreationistwillmeetwithspecialdifficulties;formanyofthemimickingformsofLeptaliscanbeshownbyagraduatedseriestobemerelyvarietiesofonespecies;
othermimickersareundoubtedlydistinctspecies，orevendistinctgenera。
Soagain，someofthemimickedformscanbeshowntobemerelyvarieties;
butthegreaternumbermustberankedasdistinctspecies。Hencethecreationistwillhavetoadmitthatsomeoftheseformshavebecomeimitators，bymeansofthelawsofvariation，whilstothershemustlookatasseparatelycreatedundertheirpresentguise;hewillfurtherhavetoadmitthatsomehavebeencreatedinimitationofformsnotthemselvescreatedaswenowseethem，butduetothelawsofvariation？Prof。
Agassiz，indeed，wouldthinknothingofthisdifficulty;forhebelievesthatnotonlyeachspeciesandeachvariety，butthatgroupsofindividuals，thoughidenticallythesame，wheninhabitingdistinctcountries，havebeenallseparatelycreatedindueproportionalnumberstothewantsofeachland。Notmanynaturalistswillbecontentthustobelievethatvarietiesandindividualshavebeenturnedoutallreadymade，almostasamanufacturerturnsouttoysaccordingtothetemporarydemandofthemarket。"）InmyopinionitisoneofthemostremarkableandadmirablepapersIeverreadinmylife。Themimeticcasesaretrulymarvellous，andyouconnectexcellentlyahostofanalogousfacts。Theillustrationsarebeautiful，andseemverywellchosen;butitwouldhavesavedthereadernotalittletrouble，ifthenameofeachhadbeenengravedbeloweachseparatefigure。Nodoubtthiswouldhaveputtheengraverintofits，asitwouldhavedestroyedthebeautyoftheplate。I
amnotatallsurprisedatsuchapaperhavingconsumedmuchtime。IamrejoicedthatIpassedoverthewholesubjectinthe’Origin，’forIshouldhavemadeapreciousmessofit。Youhavemostclearlystatedandsolvedawonderfulproblem。Nodoubtwithmostpeoplethiswillbethecreamofthepaper;butIamnotsurethatallyourfactsandreasoningsonvariation，andonthesegregationofcompleteandsemi—completespecies，isnotreallymore，oratleastasvaluable，apart。Ineverconceivedtheprocessnearlysoclearlybefore;onefeelspresentatthecreationofnewforms。
Iwish，however，youhadenlargedalittlemoreonthepairingofsimilarvarieties;arathermorenumerousbodyoffactsseemsherewanted。Then，again，whatahostofcuriousmiscellaneousobservationsthereare——asonrelatedsexualandindividualvariability:thesewillsomeday，ifIlive，beatreasuretome。
Withrespecttomimeticresemblancebeingsocommonwithinsects，doyounotthinkitmaybeconnectedwiththeirsmallsize;theycannotdefendthemselves;theycannotescapebyflight，atleast，frombirds，thereforetheyescapebytrickeryanddeception？
Ihaveoneseriouscriticismtomake，andthatisaboutthetitleofthepaper;Icannotbutthinkthatyououghttohavecalledprominentattentioninittothemimeticresemblances。Yourpaperistoogoodtobelargelyappreciatedbythemobofnaturalistswithoutsouls;but，relyonit，thatitwillhaveLASTINGvalue，andIcordiallycongratulateyouonyourfirstgreatwork。Youwillfind，Ishouldthink，thatWallacewillfullyappreciateit。Howgetsonyourbook？Keepyourspiritsup。Abookisnolightlabour。Ihavebeenbetterlately，andworkinghard，butmyhealthisveryindifferent。Howisyourhealth？Believeme，dearBates，Yoursverysincerely，C。DARWIN。
CHAPTER2。IV。
THESPREADOFEVOLUTION。
’VARIATIONOFANIMALSANDPLANTS’
1863—1866。
[Hisbookonanimalsandplantsunderdomesticationwasmyfather’schiefemploymentintheyear1863。Hisdiaryrecordsthelengthoftimespentoverthecompositionofitschapters，andshowstherateatwhichhearrangedandwroteoutforprintingtheobservationsanddeductionsofseveralyears。
Thethreechaptersinvolumeii。oninheritance，whichoccupy84pagesofprint，werebeguninJanuaryandfinishedonApril1st;thefiveoncrossing，making106pages，werewrittenineightweeks，whilethetwochaptersonselection，covering57pages，werebegunonJune16thandfinishedonJuly20th。
Theworkwasmorethanonceinterruptedbyillhealth，andinSeptember，whatprovedtobethebeginningofasixmonth’sillness，forcedhimtoleavehomeforthewater—cureatMalvern。HereturnedinOctoberandremainedillanddepressed，inspiteofthehopefulopinionofoneofthemostcheeryandskilfulphysiciansoftheday。ThushewrotetoSirJ。D。
HookerinNovember:——
"Dr。Brintonhasbeenhere（recommendedbyBusk）;hedoesnotbelievemybrainorheartareprimarilyaffected，butIhavebeensosteadilygoingdownhill，IcannothelpdoubtingwhetherIcanevercrawlalittleuphillagain。UnlessIcan，enoughtoworkalittle，Ihopemylifemaybeveryshort，fortolieonasofaalldayanddonothingbutgivetroubletothebestandkindestofwivesandgooddearchildrenisdreadful。"
Theminorworksinthisyearwereashortpaperinthe’NaturalHistoryReview’（N。S。vol。iii。page115），entitled"Ontheso—called’Auditory—
Sac’ofCirripedes，"andoneinthe’GeologicalSociety’sJournal’（vol。
xix），onthe"ThicknessofthePampaeanFormationnearBuenosAyres。"ThepaperonCirripedeswascalledforthbythecriticismsofaGermannaturalistKrohn（Krohnstatedthatthestructuresdescribedbymyfatherasovarieswereinrealitysalivaryglands，alsothattheoviductrunsdowntotheorificedescribedinthe’MonographoftheCirripedia’astheauditorymeatus。），andisofsomeinterestinillustrationofmyfather’sreadinesstoadmitanerror。
WithregardtothespreadofabeliefinEvolution，itcouldnotyetbesaidthatthebattlewaswon，butthegrowthofbeliefwasundoubtedlyrapid。Sothat，forinstance，CharlesKingsleycouldwritetoF。D。Maurice（Kingsley’s’Life，’ii，page171。）:
"Thestateofthescientificmindismostcurious;Darwinisconqueringeverywhere，andrushinginlikeaflood，bythemereforceoftruthandfact。"
Mr。Huxleywasasusualactiveinguidingandstimulatingthegrowingtendencytotolerateoraccepttheviewssetforthinthe’OriginofSpecies。’HegaveaseriesoflecturestoworkingmenattheSchoolofMinesinNovember，1862。Thesewereprintedin1863fromtheshorthandnotesofMr。May，assixlittlebluebooks，price4penceeach，underthetitle，’OurKnowledgeoftheCausesofOrganicNature。’Whenpublishedtheywerereadwithinterestbymyfather，whothusreferstotheminalettertoSirJ。D。Hooker:——
"IamverygladyoulikeHuxley’slectures。Ihavebeenverymuchstruckwiththem，especiallywiththe’PhilosophyofInduction。’IhavequarrelledwithhimforoverdoingsterilityandignoringcasesfromGartnerandKolreuteraboutsterilevarieties。HisGeologyisobscure;andI
ratherdoubtaboutman’smindandlanguage。ButitseemstomeADMIRABLY
done，and，asyousay，"Ohmy，"aboutthepraiseofthe’Origin。’Ican’thelplikingit，whichmakesmeratherashamedofmyself。"
Myfatheradmiredtheclearnessofexpositionshowninthelectures，andinthefollowingletterurgestheirauthortomakeuseofhispowersfortheadvantageofstudents:]
CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
November5[1864]。
Iwanttomakeasuggestiontoyou，butwhichmayprobablyhaveoccurredtoyou。——wasreadingyourLecturesandendedbysaying，"Iwishhewouldwriteabook。"Ianswered，"hehasjustwrittenagreatbookontheskull。""Idon’tcallthatabook，"shereplied，andadded，"Iwantsomethingthatpeoplecanread;hedoeswritesowell。"Now，withyoureaseinwriting，andwithknowledgeatyourfingers’ends，doyounotthinkyoucouldwriteapopularTreatiseonZoology？Ofcourseitwouldbesomewasteoftime，butIhavebeenaskedmorethanadozentimestorecommendsomethingforabeginnerandcouldonlythinkofCarpenter’sZoology。IamsurethatastrikingTreatisewoulddorealservicetosciencebyeducatingnaturalists。Ifyouweretokeepaportfolioopenforacoupleofyears，andthrowinslipsofpaperassubjectscrossedyourmind，youwouldsoonhaveaskeleton（andthatseemstomethedifficulty）onwhichtoputthefleshandcoloursinyourinimitablemanner。Ibelievesuchabookmighthaveabrilliantsuccess，butIdidnotintendtoscribblesomuchaboutit。
GivemykindestremembrancetoMrs。Huxley，andtellherIwaslookingat’EnochArden，’andasIknowhowsheadmiresTennyson，Imustcallherattentiontotwosweetlyprettylines（page105）……andhemeant，hesaidhemeant，Perhapshemeant，orpartlymeant，youwell。
Suchagemasthisisenoughtomakemeyoungagain，andlikepoetrywithpristinefervour。
MydearHuxley，Yoursaffectionately，CH。DARWIN。
[Inanotherletter（January1865）hereturnstotheabovesuggestion，thoughhewasingeneralstronglyopposedtomenofsciencegivinguptothewritingoftext—books，ortoteaching，thetimethatmightotherwisehavebeengiventooriginalresearch。
"IknewtherewasverylittlechanceofyourhavingtimetowriteapopularTreatiseonZoology，butyouareabouttheonemanwhocoulddoit。AtthetimeIfeltitwouldbealmostasinforyoutodoit，asitwouldofcoursedestroysomeoriginalwork。OntheotherhandIsometimesthinkthatgeneralandpopulartreatisesarealmostasimportantfortheprogressofscienceasoriginalwork。"
Theseriesofletterswillcontinuethehistoryoftheyear1863。]
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，January3[1863]。
MydearHooker，Iamburningwithindignationandmustexhale……Icouldnotgettosleeptillpast3lastnightforindignation（ItwouldservenousefulpurposeifIweretogointothematterwhichsostronglyrousedmyfather’sanger。
Itwasaquestionofliterarydishonesty，inwhichafriendwasthesufferer，butwhichinnowayaffectedhimself。）……
Nowforpleasantersubjects;wewereallamusedatyourdefenceofstampcollectingandcollectinggenerally……But，byJove，Icanhardlystomachagrownmancollectingstamps。WhowouldeverhavethoughtofyourcollectingWedgwoodware！butthatiswhollydifferent，likeengravingsorpictures。WearedegeneratedescendantsofoldJosiahW。，forwehavenotabitofprettywareinthehouse……Notwithstandingtheverypleasantreasonyougiveforournotenjoyingaholiday，namely，thatwehavenovices，itisahorridbore。Ihavebeentryingforhealth’ssaketobeidle，withnosuccess。WhatIshallnowhavetodo，willbetoerectatabletinDownChurch，"SacredtotheMemory，etc。，"andofficiallydie，andthenpublishbooks，"bythelateCharlesDarwin，"forIcannotthinkwhathascomeovermeoflate;Ialwayssufferedfromtheexcitementoftalking，butnowithasbecomeludicrous。
Italkedlately11/2hours（brokenbyteabymyself）withmynephew，andI
was[ill]halfthenight。Itisafearfulevilforselfandfamily。
Good—night。Everyours。
C。DARWIN。
[ThefollowinglettertoSirJuliusvonHaast（SirJuliusvonHaastwasaGermanbybirth，buthadlongbeenresidentinNewZealand。Hewas，in1862，GovernmentGeologisttotheProvinceofCanterbury。），isanexampleofthesympathywhichhefeltwiththespreadandgrowthofscienceinthecolonies。Itwasafeelingnotexpressedonceonly，butwasfrequentlypresentinhismind，andoftenfoundutterance。Whenwe，atCambridge，hadthesatisfactionofreceivingSirJ。vonHaastintoourbodyasaDoctorofScience（July1886），Ihadtheopportunityofhearingfromhimofthevividpleasurewhichthis，andotherlettersfrommyfather，gavehim。Itwaspleasanttoseehowstronghadbeentheimpressionmadebymyfather’swarm—heartedsympathy——animpressionwhichseemed，aftermorethantwentyyears，tobeasfreshaswhenitwasfirstreceived:]
CHARLESDARWINTOJULIUSVONHAAST。
Down，January22[1863]。
DearSir，IthankyoumostsincerelyforsendingmeyourAddressandtheGeologicalReport。（Addresstothe’PhilosophicalInstituteofCanterbury（N。Z。）。’
The"Report"isgivenin"TheNewZealandGovernmentGazette，ProvinceofCanterbury"，October1862。）Ihaveseldominmylifereadanythingmorespiritedandinterestingthanyouraddress。Theprogressofyourcolonymakesoneproud，anditisreallyadmirabletoseeascientificinstitutionfoundedinsoyounganation。Ithankyoufortheveryhonourablenoticeofmy’OriginofSpecies。’YouwilleasilybelievehowmuchIhavebeeninterestedbyyourstrikingfactsontheoldglacialperiod，andIsupposetheworldmightbesearchedinvainforsograndadisplayofterraces。
Youhave，indeed，anoblefieldforscientificresearchanddiscovery。I
havebeenextremelymuchinterestedbywhatyousayaboutthetracksofsupposed[living]mammalia。MightIask，ifyousucceedindiscoveringwhatthecreaturesare，youwouldhavethegreatkindnesstoinformme？
PerhapstheymayturnoutsomethingliketheSolenhofenbirdcreature，withitslongtailandfingers，withclawstoitswings！ImaymentionthatinSouthAmerica，incompletelyuninhabitedregions，Ifoundspringrat—traps，baitedwithCHEESE，wereverysuccessfulincatchingthesmallermammals。
IwouldventuretosuggesttoyoutourgeonsomeofthecapablemembersofyourinstitutiontoobserveannuallytherateandmannerofspreadingofEuropeanweedsandinsects，andespeciallytoobserveWHATNATIVEPLANTS
MOSTFAIL;thislatterpointhasneverbeenattendedto。Dotheintroducedhive—beesreplaceanyotherinsect？etc。Allsuchpointsare，inmyopinion，greatdesideratainscience。Whataninterestingdiscoverythatoftheremainsofprehistoricman！
Believeme，dearSir，Withthemostcordialrespectandthanks，Yoursveryfaithfully，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOCAMILLEDARESTE。（ProfessorDaresteisawell—knownworkerinAnimalTeratology。Hewasin1863livingatLille，buthassincethenbeencalledtoParis。MyfathertookaspecialinterestinDareste’sworkontheproductionofmonsters，asbearingonthecausesofvariation。）
Down，February16[1863]。
DearandrespectedSir，Ithankyousincerelyforyourletterandyourpamphlet。Ihadheard（I
thinkinoneofM。Quatrefages’books）ofyourwork，andwasmostanxioustoreadit，butdidnotknowwheretofindit。Youcouldnothavemademeamorevaluablepresent。Ihaveonlyjustreturnedhome，andhavenotyetreadyourwork;whenIdoifIwishtoaskanyquestionsIwillventuretotroubleyou。YourapprobationofmybookonSpecieshasgratifiedmeextremely。SeveralnaturalistsinEngland，NorthAmerica，andGermany，havedeclaredthattheiropinionsonthesubjecthaveinsomedegreebeenmodified，butasfarasIknow，mybookhasproducednoeffectwhateverinFrance，andthismakesmethemoregratifiedbyyourverykindexpressionofapprobation。Praybelieveme，dearSir，withmuchrespect，Yoursfaithfullyandobliged，CH。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，February24[1863]。
MydearHooker，Iamastonishedatyournote，Ihavenotseenthe"Athenaeum"（Inthe’AntiquityofMan，’firstedition，page480，LyellcriticisedsomewhatseverelyOwen’saccountofthedifferencebetweentheHumanandSimianbrains。Thenumberofthe"Athenaeum"herereferredto（1863，page262）
containsareplybyProfessorOwentoLyell’sstrictures。Thesurpriseexpressedbymyfatherwasattherevivalofacontroversywhicheveryonebelievedtobeclosed。Prof。Huxley（"MedicalTimes"，October25，1862，quotedin’Man’sPlaceinNature，’page117）spokeofthe"twoyearsduringwhichthispreposterouscontroversyhasdraggeditswearylength。"Andthisnodoubtexpressedaverygeneralfeeling。）butIhavesentforit，andmaygetitto—morrow;andwillthensaywhatIthink。
IhavereadLyell’sbook。[’TheAntiquityofMan。’]thewholecertaintystruckmeasacompilation，butofthehighestclass，forwhenpossiblethefactshavebeenverifiedonthespot，makingitalmostanoriginalwork。
TheGlacialchaptersseemtomebest，andinpartsmagnificent。IcouldhardlyjudgeaboutMan，asalltheglossofnoveltywascompletelywornoff。Butcertainlytheaggregationoftheevidenceproducedaverystrikingeffectonmymind。Thechaptercomparinglanguageandchangesofspecies，seemsmostingeniousandinteresting。Hehasshowngreatskillinpickingoutsalientpointsintheargumentforchangeofspecies;butIamdeeplydisappointed（Idonotmeanpersonally）tofindthathistimiditypreventshimgivinganyjudgment……FromallmycommunicationswithhimI
musteverthinkthathehasreallyentirelylostfaithintheimmutabilityofspecies;andyetoneofhisstrongestsentencesisnearlyasfollows:
"IfitshouldEVER（TheitalicsarenotLyell’s。）berenderedhighlyprobablethatspecieschangebyvariationandnaturalselection，"etc。，etc。Ihadhopedhewouldhaveguidedthepublicasfarashisownbeliefwent……Onethingdoespleasemeonthissubject，thatheseemstoappreciateyourwork。NodoubtthepublicorapartmaybeinducedtothinkthatashegivestousalargerspacethantoLamarck，hemustthinkthereissomethinginourviews。Whenreadingthebrainchapter，itstruckmeforciblythatifhehadsaidopenlythathebelievedinchangeofspecies，andasaconsequencethatmanwasderivedfromsomeQuadrumanousanimal，itwouldhavebeenverypropertohavediscussedbycompilationthedifferencesinthemostimportantorgan，viz。thebrain。Asitis，thechapterseemstometocomeinratherbytheheadandshoulders。Idonotthink（butthenIamasprejudicedasFalconerandHuxley，ormoreso）thatitistoosevere;itstruckmeasgivenwithjudicialforce。Itmightperhapsbesaidwithtruththathehadnobusinesstojudgeonasubjectonwhichheknowsnothing;butcompilersmustdothistoacertainextent。
（YouknowIvalueandrankhighcompilers，beingonemyself！）Ihavetakenyouatyourword，andscribbledatgreatlength。IfIgetthe"Athenaeum"
to—morrow，IwilladdmyimpressionofOwen’sletter……TheLyellsarecominghereonSundayeveningtostaytillWednesday。I
dreadit，butImustsayhowmuchdisappointedIamthathehasnotspokenoutonspecies，stilllessonman。Andthebestofthejokeisthathethinkshehasactedwiththecourageofamartyrofold。IhopeImayhavetakenanexaggeratedviewofhistimidity，andshallPARTICULARLYbegladofyouropiniononthishead。（OnthissubjectmyfatherwrotetoSirJosephHooker:"CordialthanksforyourdeeplyinterestinglettersaboutLyell，Owen，andCo。IcannotsayhowgladIamtohearthatIhavenotbeenunjustaboutthespecies—questiontowardsLyell。IfearedIhadbeenunreasonable。"）WhenIgothisbookIturnedoverthepages，andsawhehaddiscussedthesubjectofspecies，andsaidthatIthoughthewoulddomoretoconvertthepublicthanallofus，andnow（whichmakesthecaseworseforme）Imust，incommonhonesty，retract。IwishtoHeavenhehadsaidnotawordonthesubject。
WEDNESDAYMORNING:
Ihavereadthe"Athenaeum"。IdonotthinkLyellwillbenearlysomuchannoyedasyouexpect。Theconcludingsentenceisnodoubtverystinging。
NoonebutagoodanatomistcouldunravelOwen’sletter;atleastitisquitebeyondme……Lyell’smemoryplayshimfalsewhenhesaysallanatomistswereastonishedatOwen’spaper（"OntheCharacters，etc。，oftheClassMammalia。"’Linn。Soc。Journal，’ii，1858。）;itwasoftenquotedwithapprobation。IWELLrememberLyell’sadmirationatthisnewclassification！（Donotrepeatthis。）Irememberit，because，thoughI
knewnothingwhateveraboutthebrain，Ifeltaconvictionthataclassificationthusfoundedonasinglecharacterwouldbreakdown，anditseemedtomeagreaterrornottoseparatemorecompletelytheMarsupialia……
Whatanaccursedevilitisthatthereshouldbeallthisquarrellingwithin，whatoughttobe，thepeacefulrealmsofscience。Iwillgotomyownpresentsubjectofinheritanceandforgetitallforatime。Farewell，mydearoldfriend，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
Down，February23[1863]……IfyouhavetimetoreadyouwillbeinterestedbypartsofLyell’sbookonman;butIfearthatthebestpart，abouttheGlacialperiod，maybetoogeologicalforanyoneexceptaregulargeologist。Hequotesyouattheendwithgusto。Bytheway，hetoldmetheotherdayhowpleasedsomehadbeenbyhearingthattheycouldpurchaseyourpamphlet。The"Parthenon"
alsospeaksofitastheablestcontributiontotheliteratureofthesubject。ItdelightsmewhenIseeyourworkappreciated。
TheLyellscomeherethisdayweek，andIshallgrumbleathisexcessivecaution……Thepublicmaywellsay，ifsuchamandarenotorwillnotspeakouthismind，howcanwewhoareignorantformevenaguessonthesubject？
LyellwaspleasedwhenItoldhimlatelythatyouthoughtthatlanguagemightbeusedasanexcellentillustrationofderivationofspecies;youwillseethathehasanADMIRABLEchapteronthis……
IreadCairns’sexcellentLecture（Prof。J。E。Cairns，’TheSlavePower，etc。:anattempttoexplaintherealissuesinvolvedintheAmericancontest。’1862。），whichshowssowellhowyourquarrelarosefromSlavery。
ItmademeforatimewishhonestlyfortheNorth;butIcouldneverhelp，thoughItried，allthetimethinkinghowweshouldbebulliedandforcedintoawarbyyou，whenyouweretriumphant。ButIdomosttrulythinkitdreadfulthattheSouth，withitsaccursedslavery，shouldtriumph，andspreadtheevil。IthinkifIhadpower，whichthankGod，Ihavenot，I
wouldletyouconquertheborderStates，andallwestoftheMississippi，andthenforceyoutoacknowledgethecottonStates。Fordoyounotnowbegintodoubtwhetheryoucanconquerandholdthem？Ihaveinflictedalongtiradeonyou。
"TheTimes"isgettingmoredetestable（butthatistooweakaword）thanever。Mygoodwifewishestogiveitup，butItellherthatisapitchofheroismtowhichonlyawomanisequal。Togiveupthe"BloodyOld’Times’，"asCobbettusedtocallit，wouldbetogiveupmeat，drinkandair。Farewell，mydearGray，Yoursmosttruly，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，March6，[1863]……Ihavebeenofcoursedeeplyinterestedbyyourbook。（’AntiquityofMan。’）Ihavehardlyanyremarksworthsending，butwillscribblealittleonwhatmostinterestedme。ButIwillfirstgetoutwhatIhatesaying，viz。，thatIhavebeengreatlydisappointedthatyouhavenotgivenjudgmentandspokenfairlyoutwhatyouthinkaboutthederivationofspecies。Ishouldhavebeencontentedifyouhadboldlysaidthatspecieshavenotbeenseparatelycreated，andhadthrownasmuchdoubtasyoulikeonhowfarvariationandnaturalselectionsuffices。IhopetoHeavenIamwrong（andfromwhatyousayaboutWhewellitseemsso），butIcannotseehowyourchapterscandomoregoodthananextraordinaryablereview。I
thinkthe"Parthenon"isright，thatyouwillleavethepublicinafog。