yetasIregardyourverdictasfarmoreimportantinmyowneyes，andIbelieveintheeyesoftheworldthanofanyotherdozenmen，Iamnaturallyveryanxiousaboutit。Thereforeletmebegyoutokeepyourmindopentillyoureceive（inperhapsafortnight’stime）mylatterchapters，whicharethemostimportantofallonthefavourableside。Thelastchapter，whichsumsupandbalancesinamassalltheargumentscontraandpro，will，Ithink，beusefultoyou。Icannottoostronglyexpressmyconvictionofthegeneraltruthofmydoctrines，andGodknowsIhavenevershirkedadifficulty。Iamfoolishlyanxiousforyourverdict，notthatI
　　shallbedisappointedifyouarenotconverted;forIrememberthelongyearsittookmetocomeround;butIshallbemostdeeplydelightedifyoudocomeround，especiallyifIhaveafairshareintheconversion，Ishallthenfeelthatmycareerisrun，andcarelittlewhetherIeveramgoodforanythingagaininthislife。
　　Thankyoumuchforallowingmetoputinthesentenceaboutyourgravedoubt。（Astotheimmutabilityofspecies，’Origin，’Editioni。，page310。）Somuchandtoomuchaboutmyself。
　　IhavereadwithextremeinterestintheAberdeenpaperabouttheflinttools;youhavemadethewholecasefarclearertome;IsupposethatyoudidnotthinktheevidencesufficientabouttheGlacialperiod。
　　Withcordialthanksforyoursplendidnoticeofmybook。
　　Believeme，mydearLyell，youraffectionatedisciple，CHARLESDARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOW。D。FOX。
　　Down，September23rd[1859]。
　　MydearFox，Iwasverygladtogetyourletterafewdaysago。Iwaswishingtohearaboutyou，buthavebeeninsuchanabsorbed，slavish，overworkedstate，thatIhadnotheartwithoutcompulsiontowritetoanyoneordoanythingbeyondmydailywork。Thoughyouraccountofyourselfisbetter，Icannotthinkitatallsatisfactory，andIwishyouwouldsoongotoMalvernagain。Myfatherusedtobelievelargelyinanoldsayingthat，ifamangrewthinnerbetweenfiftyandsixtyyearsofage，hischanceoflonglifewaspoor，andthatonthecontraryitwasaverygoodsignifhegrewfatter;sothatyourstoutness，Ilookatasaverygoodomen。Myhealthhasbeenasbadasitwellcouldbeallthissummer;andIhavekeptonmylegs，onlybygoingatshortintervalstoMoorPark;butIhavebeenbetterlately，and，thankHeaven，Ihaveatlastasgoodasdonemybook，havingonlytheindexandtwoorthreerevisestodo。ItwillbepublishedinthefirstweekinNovember，andacopyshallbesentyou。RememberitisonlyanAbstract（buthascostmeabovethirteenmonthstowrite！！），andfactsandauthoritiesarefarfromgiveninfull。Ishallbecurioustohearwhatyouthinkofit，butIamnotsosillyastoexpecttoconvertyou。
　　Lyellhasreadabouthalfofthevolumeincleansheets，andgivesmeverygreatkudos。Heiswaveringsomuchabouttheimmutabilityofspecies，thatIexpecthewillcomeround。Hookerhascomeround，andwillpublishhisbeliefsoon。Somuchformyabominablevolume，whichhascostmesomuchlabourthatIalmosthateit。OnOctober3rdIstartforIlkley，butshalltakethreedaysforthejourney！Itissolatethatweshallnottakeahouse;butIgotherealoneforthreeorfourweeks，thenreturnhomeforaweekandgotoMoorParkforthreeorfourweeks，andthenI
　　shallgetamoderatespellofhydropathy:andIintend，ifIcankeeptomyresolution，ofbeingidlethiswinter。ButIfearennuiwillbeasbadasabadstomach……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，September25th[1859]。
　　MydearLyell，Isendbythispostfourcorrectedsheets。IhavealteredthesentenceabouttheEocenefaunabeingbeatenbyrecent，thankstoyourremark。ButIimaginedthatitwouldhavebeenclearthatIsupposedtheclimatetobenearlysimilar;youdonotdoubt，Iimagine，thattheclimateoftheeoceneandrecentperiodsinDIFFERENTpartsoftheworldcouldbematched。NotthatIthinkclimatenearlysoimportantasmostnaturalistsseemtothink。
　　Inmyopinionnoerrorismoremischievousthanthis。
　　IwasverygladtofindthatHooker，whoreadover，inMS。，myGeographicalchapters，quiteagreedintheviewofthegreaterimportanceoforganicrelations。Ishouldlikeyoutoconsiderpage77andreflectonthecaseofanyorganisminthemidstofitsrange。
　　Ishallbecurioushereaftertohearwhatyouthinkofdistributionduringtheglacialandprecedingwarmerperiods。IamsogladyoudonotthinktheChapterontheImperfectionoftheGeologicalRecordexaggerated;Iwasmorefearfulaboutthischapterthanaboutanypart。
　　EmbryologyinChapterVIII。isoneofmystrongestpointsIthink。ButI
　　mustnotboreyoubyrunningon。Mymindissowearisomelyfullofthesubject。
　　IdothankyouforyoureulogyatAberdeen。IhavebeensoweariedandexhaustedoflatethatIhaveformonthsdoubtedwhetherIhavenotbeenthrowingawaytimeandlabourfornothing。ButnowIcarenotwhattheuniversalworldsays;Ihavealwaysfoundyouright，andcertainlyonthisoccasionIamnotgoingtodoubtforthefirsttime。Whetheryougofar，orbutaveryshortwaywithmeandotherswhobelieveasIdo，Iamcontented，formyworkcannotbeinvain。YouwouldlaughifyouknewhowoftenIhavereadyourparagraph，andithasactedlikealittledram……
　　Farewell，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，September30th[1859]。
　　MydearLyell，Isentoffthismorningthelastsheets，butwithoutindex，whichisnotintype。IlookatyouasmyLordHighChancellorinNaturalScience，andthereforeIrequestyou，afteryouhavefinished，justtoRERUNovertheheadsintheRecapitulation—partoflastchapter。Ishallbedeeplyanxioustohearwhatyoudecide（ifyouareabletodecide）onthebalanceoftheprosandcontrasgiveninmyvolume，andofsuchotherprosandcontrasasmayoccurtoyou。IhopethatyouwillthinkthatIhavegiventhedifficultiesfairly。Ifeelanentireconvictionthatifyouarenowstaggeredtoanymoderateextent，thatyouwillcomemoreandmoreround，thelongeryoukeepthesubjectatallbeforeyourmind。IrememberwellhowmanylongyearsitwasbeforeIcouldlookintothefacesofsomeofthedifficultiesandnotfeelquiteabashed。Ifairlystruckmycoloursbeforethecaseofneuterinsects。
　　IsupposethatIamaveryslowthinker，foryouwouldbesurprisedatthenumberofyearsittookmetoseeclearlywhatsomeoftheproblemswerewhichhadtobesolved，suchasthenecessityoftheprincipleofdivergenceofcharacter，theextinctionofintermediatevarieties，onacontinuousarea，withgraduatedconditions;thedoubleproblemofsterilefirstcrossesandsterilehybrids，etc。，etc。
　　Lookingback，Ithinkitwasmoredifficulttoseewhattheproblemswerethantosolvethem，sofarasIhavesucceededindoing，andthisseemstomerathercurious。Well，goodorbad，mywork，thankGod，isover;andhardwork，Icanassureyou，Ihavehad，andmuchworkwhichhasneverbornefruit。Youcansee，bythewayIamscribbling，thatIhaveanidleandrainyafternoon。IwasnotabletostartforIlkleyyesterdayasIwastoounwell;butIhopetogetthereonTuesdayorWednesday。Do，Ibegyou，whenyouhavefinishedmybookandthoughtalittleoverit，letmehearfromyou。Nevermindandpitchintome，ifyouthinkitrequisite;
　　somefutureday，inLondonpossibly，youmaygivemeafewcriticismsindetail，thatis，ifyouhavescribbledanyremarksonthemargin，forthechanceofasecondedition。
　　Murrayhasprinted1250copies，whichseemstomerathertoolargeanedition，butIhopehewillnotlose。
　　Imakeasmuchfussaboutmybookasifitweremyfirst。Forgiveme，andbelieveme，mydearLyell，Yoursmostsincerely，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Ilkley，Yorkshire，October15th[1859]。
　　MydearHooker，Beagoodmanandscrewouttimeenoughtowritemeanoteandtellmealittleaboutyourself，yourdoings，andbelongings。
　　IsyourIntroductionfairlyfinished？Iknowyouwillabuseit，andIknowwellhowmuchIshalllikeit。Ihavebeenherenearlyafortnight，andithasdonemeverymuchgood，thoughIsprainedmyanklelastSunday，whichhasquitestoppedwalking。AllmyfamilycomehereonMondaytostopthreeorfourweeks，andthenIshallgobacktothegreatestablishment，andstayafortnight;sothatifIcankeepmyspirits，Ishallstayeightweekshere，andthusgivehydropathyafairchance。BeforestartinghereI
　　wasinanawfulstateofstomach，strength，temper，andspirits。Mybookhasbeencompletelyfinishedsomelittletime;assoonascopiesareready，ofcourseonewillbesentyou。Ihopeyouwillmarkyourcopywithscores，sothatImayprofitbyanycriticisms。Ishouldliketohearyourgeneralimpression。FromLyell’sletters，hethinksfavourablyofit，butseemsstaggeredbythelengthstowhichIgo。Butifyougoanyconsiderablelengthintheadmissionofmodification，Icanseenopossiblemeansofdrawingtheline，andsayinghereyoumuststop。Lyellisgoingtorereadmybook，andIyetentertainhopesthathewillbeconverted，orperverted，ashecallsit。LyellhasbeenEXTREMELYkindinwritingmethreevolume—likeletters;buthesaysnothingaboutdispersalduringtheglacialperiod。Ishouldliketoknowwhathethinksonthishead。Ihaveonequestiontoask:WoulditbeanygoodtosendacopyofmybooktoDecaisne？anddoyouknowanyphilosophicalbotanistsontheContinent，whoreadEnglishandcareforsuchsubjects？ifso，givetheiraddresses。HowaboutAnderssoninSweden？Youcannotthinkhowrefreshingitistoidleawaythewholeday，andhardlyeverthinkintheleastaboutmyconfoundedbookwhichhalf—killedme。ImuchwishIcouldhearofyourtakingarealrest。Iknowhowverystrongyouare，mentally，butIneverwillbelieveyoucangoonworkingasyouhaveworkedoflatewithimpunity。Youwillsomedaystretchthestringtootight。Farewell，mygood，andkind，anddearfriend，Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
　　Ilkley，Otley，Yorkshire，October15th[1859]。
　　MydearHuxley，Iamherehydropathisingandcomingtolifeagain，afterhavingfinishedmyaccursedbook，whichwouldhavebeeneasyworktoanyoneelse，buthalf—
　　killedme。Ihavethoughtyouwouldgivemeonebitofinformation，andI
　　knownottowhomelsetoapply;viz。，theaddressesofBarrande，VonSiebold，Keyserling（IdaresaySirRoderickwouldknowthelatter）。
　　CanyoutellmeofanygoodandSPECULATIVEforeignerstowhomitwouldbeworthwhiletosendcopiesofmybook，onthe’OriginofSpecies’？IdoubtwhetheritisworthsendingtoSiebold。Ishouldliketosendafewcopiesabout，buthowmanyIcanaffordIknownotyettillIhearwhatpriceMurrayaffixes。
　　IneednotsaythatIwillsend，ofcourse，onetoyou，inthefirstweekofNovember。Ihopetosendcopiesabroadimmediately。IshallbeINTENSELYcurioustohearwhateffectthebookproducesonyou。Iknowthattherewillbemuchinitwhichyouwillobjectto，andIdonotdoubtmanyerrors。Iamveryfarfromexpectingtoconvertyoutomanyofmyheresies;butif，onthewhole，youandtwoorthreeothersthinkIamontherightroad，Ishallnotcarewhatthemobofnaturaliststhink。Thepenultimatechapter（ChapterXIII。isonClassification，Morphology，Embryology，andRudimentaryOrgans。），thoughIbelieveitincludesthetruth，will，Imuchfear，makeyousavage。Donotactandsay，likeMacleayversusFleming，"Iwritewithaquafortistobiteintobrass。"
　　Everyours，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Ilkley，Yorkshire，October20th[1859]。
　　MydearLyell，Ihavebeenreadingoverallyourlettersconsecutively，andIdonotfeelthatIhavethankedyouhalfenoughfortheextremepleasurewhichtheyhavegivenme，andfortheirutility。Iseeinthemevidenceoffluctuationinthedegreeofcredenceyougivetothetheory;noramIatallsurprisedatthis，formanyandmanyfluctuationsIhaveundergone。
　　ThereisonepointinyourletterwhichIdidnotnotice，abouttheanimals（andmanyplants）naturalisedinAustralia，whichyouthinkcouldnotendurewithoutman’said。Icannotseehowmandoesaidtheferalcattle。
　　But，lettingthatpass，youseemtothink，thatbecausetheysufferprodigiousdestructionduringdroughts，thattheywouldallbedestroyed。
　　Inthe"gransecos"ofLaPlata，theindigenousanimals，suchastheAmericandeer，diebythousands，andsufferapparentlyasmuchasthecattle。InpartsofIndia，afteradrought，ittakestenormoreyearsbeforetheindigenousmammalsgetuptotheirfullnumberagain。Yourargumentwould，Ithink，applytotheaboriginesaswellastotheferal。
　　Ananimalorplantwhichbecomesferalinonesmallterritorymightbedestroyedbyclimate，butIcanhardlybelieveso，whenonceferaloverseverallargeterritories。Again，Ifeelinclinedtoswearatclimate:donotthinkmeimpudentforattackingyouaboutclimate。YousayyoudoubtwhethermancouldhaveexistedundertheEoceneclimate，butmancannowwithstandtheclimateofEsquimaux—landandWestEquatorialAfrica;andsurelyyoudonotthinktheEoceneclimatedifferedfromthepresentthroughoutallEurope，asmuchastheArcticregionsdifferfromEquatorialAfrica？
　　WithrespecttoorganismsbeingcreatedontheAmericantypeinAmerica，itmight，Ithink，besaidthattheyweresocreatedtopreventthembeingtoowellcreated，soastobeattheaborigines;butthisseemstome，somehow，amonstrousdoctrine。
　　Ihavereflectedagooddealonwhatyousayonthenecessityofcontinuedinterventionofcreativepower。Icannotseethisnecessity;anditsadmission，Ithink，wouldmakethetheoryofNaturalSelectionvalueless。
　　GrantasimpleArchetypalcreature，liketheMud—fishorLepidosiren，withthefivesensesandsomevestigeofmind，andIbelievenaturalselectionwillaccountfortheproductionofeveryvertebrateanimal。
　　Farewell;forgivemeforindulginginthisprose，andbelieveme，withcordialthanks，Youreverattacheddisciple，C。DARWIN。
　　P。S。——When，andif，youreread，Isupplicateyoutowriteonthemargintheword"expand，"whentoocondensed，or"notclear。"or"？。"Suchmarkswouldcostyoulittletrouble，andIcouldcopythemandreflectonthem，andtheirvaluewouldbeinfinitetome。
　　Mylargerbookwillhavetobewhollyre—written，andnotmerelythepresentvolumeexpanded;sothatIwanttowasteaslittletimeoverthisvolumeaspossible，ifanothereditionbecalledfor;butIfearthesubjectwillbetooperplexing，asIhavetreatedit，forgeneralpublic。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Ilkley，Yorkshire，Sunday[October23rd，1859]。
　　MydearHooker，Icongratulateyouonyour’Introduction’（"AustralianFlora"。）beinginfactfinished。IamsurefromwhatIreadofit（anddeeplyIshallbeinterestedinreadingitstraightthrough），thatitmusthavecostyouaprodigiousamountoflabourandthought。Ishalllikeverymuchtoseethesheet，whichyouwishmetolookat。NowIamsocompletelyagentleman，thatIhavesometimesalittledifficultytopasstheday;butitisastonishinghowidleathreeweeksIhavepassed。Ifitisanycomforttoyou，praydeludeyourselfbysayingthatyouintend"stickingtohumdrumscience。"ButIbelieveitjustasmuchasifaplantweretosaythat，"I
　　havebeengrowingallmylife，and，byJove，Iwillstopgrowing。"Youcannothelpyourself;youarenotcleverenoughforthat。Youcouldnotevenremainidle，asIhavedone，forthreeweeks！WhatyousayaboutLyellpleasesmeexceedingly;Ihadnotatallinferredfromhislettersthathehadcomesomuchround。Irememberthinking，aboveayearago，thatifeverIlivedtoseeLyell，yourself，andHuxleycomeround，partlybymybook，andpartlybytheirownreflections，Ishouldfeelthatthesubjectissafe，andalltheworldmightrail，butthatultimatelythetheoryofNaturalSelection（though，nodoubt，imperfectinitspresentcondition，andembracingmanyerrors）wouldprevail。Nothingwilleverconvincemethatthreesuchmen，withsomuchdiversifiedknowledge，andsowellaccustomedtosearchfortruth，coulderrgreatly。Ihavespokenofyouhereasaconvertmadebyme;butIknowwellhowmuchlargerthesharehasbeenofyourownself—thought。IamintenselycurioustohearHuxley’sopinionofmybook。IfearmylongdiscussiononClassificationwilldisgusthim;foritismuchopposedtowhatheoncesaidtome。
　　But，howIamrunningon。YouseehowidleIam;butIhavesoenjoyedyourletterthatyoumustforgiveme。Withrespecttomigrationduringtheglacialperiod:IthinkLyellquitecomprehends，forhehasgivenmeasupportingfact。But，perhaps，heunconsciouslyhates（donotsaysotohim）theviewasslightlystaggeringhimonhisfavouritetheoryofallchangesofclimatebeingduetochangesintherelativepositionoflandandwater。
　　Iwillsendcopiesofmybooktoallthemenspecifiedbyyou;……youwouldbesokindastoaddtitle，asDoctor，orProfessor，orMonsieur，orVon，andinitials（whenwanted），andaddressestothenamesontheenclosedlist，andletmehaveitprettySOON，astowardsthecloseofthisweekMurraysaysthecopiestogoabroadwillbeready。Iamanxioustogetmyviewgenerallyknown，andnot，Ihopeandthink，formerepersonalconceit……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Ilkley，Yorkshire，October25th[1859]……Ourdifferenceon"principleofimprovement"and"powerofadaptation"
　　istooprofoundfordiscussionbyletter。IfIamwrong，Iamquiteblindtomyerror。IfIamright，ourdifferencewillbegotoveronlybyyourre—readingcarefullyandreflectingonmyfirstfourchapters。I
　　supplicateyoutoreadtheseagaincarefully。Theso—calledimprovementofourShorthorncattle，pigeons，etc。，doesnotpresupposeorrequireanyaboriginal"powerofadaptation，"or"principleofimprovement;"itrequiresonlydiversifiedvariability，andmantoselectortakeadvantageofthosemodificationswhichareusefultohim;soundernatureanyslightmodificationwhichCHANCEStoarise，andisusefultoanycreature，isselectedorpreservedinthestruggleforlife;anymodificationwhichisinjuriousisdestroyedorrejected;anywhichisneitherusefulnorinjuriouswillbeleftafluctuatingelement。Whenyoucontrastnaturalselectionand"improvement，"youseemalwaystooverlook（forIdonotseehowyoucandeny）thateverystepinthenaturalselectionofeachspeciesimpliesimprovementinthatspeciesinrelationtoitsconditionsoflife。
　　Nomodificationcanbeselectedwithoutitbeanimprovementoradvantage。
　　Improvementimplies，Isuppose，eachformobtainingmanypartsororgans，allexcellentlyadaptedfortheirfunctions。Aseachspeciesisimproved，andasthenumberofformswillhaveincreased，ifwelooktothewholecourseoftime，theorganicconditionoflifeforotherformswillbecomemorecomplex，andtherewillbeanecessityforotherformstobecomeimproved，ortheywillbeexterminated;andIcanseenolimittothisprocessofimprovement，withouttheinterventionofanyotheranddirectprincipleofimprovement。Allthisseemstomequitecompatiblewithcertainformsfittedforsimpleconditions，remainingunaltered，orbeingdegraded。
　　IfIhaveasecondedition，Iwillreiterate"NaturalSelection，"and，asageneralconsequence，"NaturalImprovement。"
　　Asyougo，asfarasyoudo，Ibeginstronglytothink，judgingfrommyself，thatyouwillgomuchfurther。Howslowlytheoldergeologistsadmittedyourgrandviewsonexistinggeologicalcausesofchange！
　　IfatanytimeyouthinkIcanansweranyquestion，itisarealpleasuretometowrite。
　　Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。MURRAY。
　　Ilkley，Yorkshire[1859]。
　　MydearSir，Ihavereceivedyourkindnoteandthecopy;Iaminfinitelypleasedandproudattheappearanceofmychild。
　　Iquiteagreetoallyouproposeaboutprice。Butyouarereallytoogenerousaboutthe，tome，scandalouslyheavycorrections。Areyounotactingunfairlytowardsyourself？Woulditnotbebetteratleasttosharethe72pounds8shillings？Ishallbefullysatisfied，forIhadnobusinesstosend，thoughquiteunintentionallyandunexpectedly，suchbadlycomposedMS。totheprinters。
　　Thankyouforyourkindoffertodistributethecopiestomyfriendsandassistorsassoonaspossible。Donottroubleyourselfmuchabouttheforeigners，asMessrs。WilliamsandNorgatehavemostkindlyofferedtodotheirbest，andtheyareaccustomedtosendtoallpartsoftheworld。
　　Iwillpayformycopieswheneveryoulike。Iamsogladthatyouweresogoodastoundertakethepublicationofmybook。
　　MydearSir，yoursverysincerely，CHARLESDARWIN。
　　P。S。——Pleasedonotforgettoletmehearabouttwodaysbeforethecopiesaredistributed。
　　IdonotknowwhenIshallleavethisplace，certainlynotforseveralweeks。WheneverIaminLondonIwillcallonyou。
　　CHAPTER1。XIV。
　　BYPROFESSORHUXLEY。
　　ONTHERECEPTIONOFTHE’ORIGINOFSPECIES。’
　　Tothepresentgeneration，thatistosay，thepeopleafewyearsonthehitherandthithersideofthirty，thenameofCharlesDarwinstandsalongsideofthoseofIsaacNewtonandMichaelFaraday;and，likethem，callsupthegrandidealofasearcheraftertruthandinterpreterofNature。Theythinkofhimwhoboreitasararecombinationofgenius，industry，andunswervingveracity，whoearnedhisplaceamongthemostfamousmenoftheagebysheernativepower，intheteethofagaleofpopularprejudice，anduncheeredbyasignoffavourorappreciationfromtheofficialfountainsofhonour;asonewhoinspiteofanacutesensitivenesstopraiseandblame，andnotwithstandingprovocationswhichmighthaveexcusedanyoutbreak，kepthimselfclearofallenvy，hatred，andmalice，nordealtotherwisethanfairlyandjustlywiththeunfairnessandinjusticewhichwasshowereduponhim;while，totheendofhisdays，hewasreadytolistenwithpatienceandrespecttothemostinsignificantofreasonableobjectors。
　　Andwithrespecttothattheoryoftheoriginoftheformsoflifepeoplingourglobe，withwhichDarwin’snameisboundupascloselyasthatofNewtonwiththetheoryofgravitation，nothingseemstobefurtherfromthemindofthepresentgenerationthananyattempttosmotheritwithridiculeortocrushitbyvehemenceofdenunciation。"Thestruggleforexistence，"
　　and"Naturalselection，"havebecomehouseholdwordsandevery—dayconceptions。TherealityandtheimportanceofthenaturalprocessesonwhichDarwinfoundshisdeductionsarenomoredoubtedthanthoseofgrowthandmultiplication;and，whetherthefullpotencyattributedtothemisadmittedornot，noonedoubtstheirvastandfar—reachingsignificance。
　　Whereverthebiologicalsciencesarestudied，the’OriginofSpecies’
　　lightsthepathsoftheinvestigator;wherevertheyaretaughtitpermeatesthecourseofinstruction。NorhastheinfluenceofDarwinianideasbeenlessprofound，beyondtherealmsofBiology。Theoldestofallphilosophies，thatofEvolution，wasboundhandandfootandcastintoutterdarknessduringthemillenniumoftheologicalscholasticism。ButDarwinpourednewlife—bloodintotheancientframe;thebondsburst，andtherevivifiedthoughtofancientGreecehasproveditselftobeamoreadequateexpressionoftheuniversalorderofthingsthananyoftheschemeswhichhavebeenacceptedbythecredulityandwelcomedbythesuperstitionofseventylatergenerationsofmen。
　　Toanyonewhostudiesthesignsofthetimes，theemergenceofthephilosophyofEvolution，intheattitudeofclaimanttothethroneoftheworldofthought，fromthelimboofhatedand，asmanyhoped，forgottenthings，isthemostportentouseventofthenineteenthcentury。ButthemosteffectiveweaponsofthemodernchampionsofEvolutionwerefabricatedbyDarwin;andthe’OriginofSpecies’hasenlistedaformidablebodyofcombatants，trainedinthesevereschoolofPhysicalScience，whoseearsmighthavelongremaineddeaftothespeculationsofaprioriphilosophers。
　　Idonotthinkanycandidorinstructedpersonwilldenythetruthofthatwhichhasjustbeenasserted。HemayhatetheverynameofEvolution，andmaydenyitspretensionsasvehementlyasaJacobitedeniedthoseofGeorgetheSecond。Butthereitis——notonlyassolidlyseatedastheHanoveriandynasty，buthappilyindependentofParliamentarysanction——andthedullestantagonistshavecometoseethattheyhavetodealwithanadversarywhosebonesaretobebrokenbynoamountofbadwords。
　　EventhetheologianshavealmostceasedtopittheplainmeaningofGenesisagainstthenolessplainmeaningofNature。Theirmorecandid，ormorecautious，representativeshavegivenupdealingwithEvolutionasifitwereadamnableheresy，andhavetakenrefugeinoneoftwocourses。
　　EithertheydenythatGenesiswasmeanttoteachscientifictruth，andthussavetheveracityoftherecordattheexpenseofitsauthority;ortheyexpendtheirenergiesindevisingthecruelingenuitiesofthereconciler，andtorturetextsinthevainhopeofmakingthemconfessthecreedofScience。Butwhenthepeineforteetdureisover，theantiquesincerityofthevenerablesuffereralwaysreassertsitself。Genesisishonesttothecore，andprofessestobenomorethanitis，arepositoryofvenerabletraditionsofunknownorigin，claimingnoscientificauthorityandpossessingnone。
　　Asmypenfinishesthesepassages，Icanbutbeamusedtothinkwhataterriblehubbubwouldhavebeenmade（intruthwasmade）aboutanysimilarexpressionsofopinionaquarterofacenturyago。Infact，thecontrastbetweenthepresentconditionofpublicopinionupontheDarwinianquestion;betweentheestimationinwhichDarwin’sviewsarenowheldinthescientificworld;betweentheacquiescence，oratleastquiescence，ofthetheologiansoftheself—respectingorderatthepresentdayandtheoutburstofantagonismonallsidesin1858—9，whenthenewtheoryrespectingtheoriginofspeciesfirstbecameknowntotheoldergenerationtowhichIbelong，issostartlingthat，exceptfordocumentaryevidence，I
　　shouldbesometimesinclinedtothinkmymemoriesdreams。Ihaveagreatrespectfortheyoungergenerationmyself（theycanwriteourlives，andraveloutallourfollies，iftheychoosetotakethetrouble，byandby），andIshouldbegladtobeassuredthatthefeelingisreciprocal;butIamafraidthatthestoryofourdealingswithDarwinmayproveagreathindrancetothatvenerationforourwisdomwhichIshouldlikethemtodisplay。Wehavenoteventheexcusethat，thirtyyearsago，Mr。Darwinwasanobscurenovice，whohadnoclaimsonourattention。Onthecontrary，hisremarkablezoologicalandgeologicalinvestigationshadlonggivenhimanassuredpositionamongthemosteminentandoriginalinvestigatorsoftheday;whilehischarming’VoyageofaNaturalist’hadjustlyearnedhimawide—spreadreputationamongthegeneralpublic。I
　　doubtiftherewasanymanthenlivingwhohadabetterrighttoexpectthatanythinghemightchoosetosayonsuchaquestionastheOriginofSpecieswouldbelistenedtowithprofoundattention，anddiscussedwithrespect;andtherewascertainlynomanwhosepersonalcharactershouldhaveaffordedabettersafeguardagainstattacks，instinctwithmalignityandspicedwithshamelessimpertinences。
　　Yetsuchwastheportionofoneofthekindestandtruestmenthatitwasevermygoodfortunetoknow;andyearshadtopassawaybeforemisrepresentation，ridicule，anddenunciation，ceasedtobethemostnotableconstituentsofthemajorityofthemultitudinouscriticismsofhisworkwhichpouredfromthepress。Iamlothtorakeanyoftheseancientscandalsfromtheirwell—deservedoblivion;butImustmakegoodastatementwhichmayseemoverchargedtothepresentgeneration，andthereisnopiecejustificativemoreaptforthepurpose，ormoreworthyofsuchdishonour，thanthearticleinthe’QuarterlyReview’forJuly，1860。（I
　　wasnotawarewhenIwrotethesepassagesthattheauthorshipofthearticlehadbeenpubliclyacknowledged。Confessionunaccompaniedbypenitence，however，affordsnogroundformitigationofjudgment;andthekindlinesswithwhichMr。Darwinspeaksofhisassailant，BishopWilberforce（vol。ii。），issostrikinganexemplificationofhissingulargentlenessandmodesty，thatitratherincreasesone’sindignationagainstthepresumptionofhiscritic。）SinceLordBroughamassailedDr。Young，theworldhasseennosuchspecimenoftheinsolenceofashallowpretendertoaMasterinScienceasthisremarkableproduction，inwhichoneofthemostexactofobservers，mostcautiousofreasoners，andmostcandidofexpositors，ofthisoranyotherage，ishelduptoscornasa"flighty"
　　person，whoendeavours"topropuphisutterlyrottenfabricofguessandspeculation，"andwhose"modeofdealingwithnature"isreprobatedas"utterlydishonourabletoNaturalScience。"Andallthishighandmightytalk，whichwouldhavebeenindecentinoneofMr。Darwin’sequals，proceedsfromawriterwhosewantofintelligence，orofconscience，orofboth，issogreat，that，bywayofanobjectiontoMr。Darwin’sviews，hecanask，"Isitcrediblethatallfavourablevarietiesofturnipsaretendingtobecomemen;"whoissoignorantofpaleontology，thathecantalkofthe"flowersandfruits"oftheplantsofthecarboniferousepoch;
　　ofcomparativeanatomy，thathecangravelyaffirmthepoisonapparatusofthevenomoussnakestobe"entirelyseparatefromtheordinarylawsofanimallife，andpeculiartothemselves;"oftherudimentsofphysiology，thathecanask，"whatadvantageoflifecouldaltertheshapeofthecorpusclesintowhichthebloodcanbeevaporated？"Nordoesthereviewerfailtoflavourthisoutpouringofpreposterousincapacitywithalittlestimulationoftheodiumtheologicum。SomeinklingofthehistoryoftheconflictsbetweenAstronomy，Geology，andTheology，leadshimtokeeparetreatopenbytheprovisothathecannot"consenttotestthetruthofNaturalSciencebythewordofRevelation;"but，forallthat，hedevotespagestotheexpositionofhisconvictionthatMr。Darwin’stheory"contradictstherevealedrelationofthecreationtoitsCreator，"andis"inconsistentwiththefulnessofhisglory。"
　　IfIconfinemyretrospectofthereceptionofthe’OriginofSpecies’toatwelvemonth，orthereabouts，fromthetimeofitspublication，Idonotrecollectanythingquitesofoolishandunmannerlyasthe’QuarterlyReview’article，unless，perhaps，theaddressofaReverendProfessortotheDublinGeologicalSocietymightenterintocompetitionwithit。ButalargeproportionofMr。Darwin’scriticshadalamentableresemblancetothe’Quarterly’reviewer，insofarastheylackedeitherthewill，orthewit，tomakethemselvesmastersofhisdoctrine;hardlyanypossessedtheknowledgerequiredtofollowhimthroughtheimmenserangeofbiologicalandgeologicalsciencewhichthe’Origin’covered;while，toocommonly，theyhadprejudicedthecaseontheologicalgrounds，and，asseemstobeinevitablewhenthishappens，ekedoutlackofreasonbysuperfluityofrailing。