buttoolongspeechestotheEphori，whenhesaid:"Ostranger！thouspeakestthethingsthoushouldstspeak，butnotasthoushouldstspeakthem。"——[Plutarch，ApothegmsoftheLacedamonians。]——Suchashaveleanandsparebodiesstuffthemselvesoutwithclothes;sotheywhoaredefectiveinmatterendeavourtomakeamendswithwords。
　　Humanunderstandingismarvellouslyenlightenedbydailyconversationwithmen，forweare，otherwise，compressedandheapedupinourselves，andhaveoursightlimitedtothelengthofourownnoses。OneaskingSocratesofwhatcountryhewas，hedidnotmakeanswer，ofAthens，butoftheworld;——[Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，v。37;Plutarch，OnExile，c。4。]——
　　hewhoseimaginationwasfullerandwider，embracedthewholeworldforhiscountry，andextendedhissocietyandfriendshiptoallmankind;
　　notaswedo，wholooknofurtherthanourfeet。Whenthevinesofmyvillagearenippedwiththefrost，myparishpriestpresentlyconcludes，thattheindignationofGodhasgoneoutagainstallthehumanrace，andthatthecannibalshavealreadygotthepip。Whoisitthat，seeingthehavocofthesecivilwarsofours，doesnotcryout，thatthemachineoftheworldisneardissolution，andthatthedayofjudgmentisathand;
　　withoutconsidering，thatmanyworsethingshavebeenseen，andthatinthemeantime，peopleareverymerryinathousandotherpartsoftheearthforallthis？Formypart，consideringthelicenceandimpunitythatalwaysattendsuchcommotions，Iwondertheyaresomoderate，andthatthereisnomoremischiefdone。Tohimwhofeelsthehailstonespatterabouthisears，thewholehemisphereappearstobeinstormandtempest;liketheridiculousSavoyard，whosaidverygravely，thatifthatsimplekingofFrancecouldhavemanagedhisfortuneasheshouldhavedone，hemightintimehavecometohavebeenstewardofthehouseholdtothedukehismaster:thefellowcouldnot，inhisshallowimagination，conceivethattherecouldbeanythinggreaterthanaDukeofSavoy。And，intruth，weareallofus，insensibly，inthiserror，anerrorofaverygreatweightandveryperniciousconsequence。Butwhoevershallrepresenttohisfancy，asinapicture，thatgreatimageofourmothernature，inherfullmajestyandlustre，whoeverinherfaceshallreadsogeneralandsoconstantavariety，whoevershallobservehimselfinthatfigure，andnothimselfbutawholekingdom，nobiggerthantheleasttouchorprickofapencilincomparisonofthewhole，thatmanaloneisabletovaluethingsaccordingtotheirtrueestimateandgrandeur。
　　Thisgreatworldwhichsomedoyetmultiplyasseveralspeciesunderonegenus，isthemirrorwhereinwearetobeholdourselves，tobeabletoknowourselvesasweoughttodointhetruebias。Inshort，Iwouldhavethistobethebookmyyounggentlemanshouldstudywiththemostattention。Somanyhumours，somanysects，somanyjudgments，opinions，laws，andcustoms，teachustojudgearightofourown，andinformourunderstandingtodiscoveritsimperfectionandnaturalinfirmity，whichisnotrivialspeculation。Somanymutationsofstatesandkingdoms，andsomanyturnsandrevolutionsofpublicfortune，willmakeuswiseenoughtomakenogreatwonderofourown。Somanygreatnames，somanyfamousvictoriesandconquestsdrownedandswallowedinoblivion，renderourhopesridiculousofeternisingournamesbythetakingofhalf—a—scoreoflighthorse，orahenroost，whichonlyderivesitsmemoryfromitsruin。
　　Theprideandarroganceofsomanyforeignpomps，theinflatedmajestyofsomanycourtsandgrandeurs，accustomandfortifyoursightwithoutclosingoureyestobeholdthelustreofourown;somanytrillionsofmen，buriedbeforeus，encourageusnottofeartogoseeksuchgoodcompanyintheotherworld:andsooftherestPythagoraswaswanttosay，——[Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，v。3。]——thatourliferesemblesthegreatandpopulousassemblyoftheOlympicgames，whereinsomeexercisethebody，thattheymaycarryawaythegloryoftheprize:othersbringmerchandisetosellforprofit:therearealsosome（andthosenoneoftheworstsort）whopursuenootheradvantagethanonlytolookon，andconsiderhowandwhyeverythingisdone，andtobespectatorsofthelivesofothermen，therebythebettertojudgeofandregulatetheirown。
　　Toexamplesmayfitlybeappliedalltheprofitablediscoursesofphilosophy，towhichallhumanactions，astotheirbestrule，oughttobeespeciallydirected:ascholarshallbetaughttoknow——
　　"Quidfasoptare:quidasperUtilenummushabet:patrixcarisquepropinquisQuantumelargirideceat:quernteDeusesseJussit，ethumanaquapartelocatusesinre;
　　Quidsumus，etquidnamvicturigignimur。"
　　["Learnwhatitisrighttowish;whatisthetrueuseofcoinedmoney;howmuchitbecomesustogiveinliberalitytoourcountryandourdearrelations;whomandwhattheDeitycommandedtheetobe;andinwhatpartofthehumansystemthouartplaced;whatweareanttowhatpurposeengendered。"——Persius，iii。69]
　　whatitistoknow，andwhattobeignorant;whatoughttobetheendanddesignofstudy;whatvalour，temperance，andjusticeare;thedifferencebetwixtambitionandavarice，servitudeandsubjection，licenceandliberty;bywhattokenamanmayknowtrueandsolidcontentment;howfardeath，affliction，anddisgracearetobeapprehended;
　　"Etquoquemquemodofugiatqueferatquelaborem。"
　　["Andhowyoumayshunorsustaineveryhardship。"
　　——Virgil，AEneid，iii。459。]
　　bywhatsecretspringswemove，andthereasonofourvariousagitationsandirresolutions:for，methinksthefirstdoctrinewithwhichoneshouldseasonhisunderstanding，oughttobethatwhichregulateshismannersandhissense;thatteacheshimtoknowhimself，andhowbothwelltodigandwelltolive。Amongsttheliberalsciences，letusbeginwiththatwhichmakesusfree;notthattheydonotallserveinsomemeasuretotheinstructionanduseoflife，asallotherthingsinsomesortalsodo;butletusmakechoiceofthatwhichdirectlyandprofessedlyservestothatend。Ifweareonceabletorestraintheofficesofhumanlifewithintheirjustandnaturallimits，weshallfindthatmostofthesciencesinuseareofnogreatusetous，andeveninthosethatare，thattherearemanyveryunnecessarycavitiesanddilatationswhichwehadbetterletalone，and，followingSocrates’direction，limitthecourseofourstudiestothosethingsonlywhereisatrueandrealutility:
　　"Sapereaude;
　　Incipe;Quirectevivendiprorogathoram，Rusticusexspectat，dumdefluatamnis;atilleLabitur，etlabeturinomnevolubilisoevum。"
　　["Daretobewise;begin！hewhodefersthehouroflivingwellisliketheclown，waitingtilltherivershallhaveflowedout:buttheriverstillflows，andwillrunon，withconstantcourse，toageswithoutend。"——Horace，Ep。，i。2。]
　　’Tisagreatfoolerytoteachourchildren:
　　"QuidmoveantPisces，animosaquesignaLeonis，LotusetHesperiaquidCapricornusaqua，"
　　["WhatinfluencePisceshave，orthesignofangryLeo，orCapricorn，washedbytheHesperianwave。"——Propertius，iv。I，89。]
　　theknowledgeofthestarsandthemotionoftheeighthspherebeforetheirown:
　　["WhatcareIaboutthePleiadesorthestarsofTaurus？"
　　——Anacreon，Ode，xvii。10。]
　　AnaximeneswritingtoPythagoras，"Towhatpurpose，"saidhe，"shouldI
　　troublemyselfinsearchingoutthesecretsofthestars，havingdeathorslaverycontinuallybeforemyeyes？"forthekingsofPersiawereatthattimepreparingtoinvadehiscountry。Everyoneoughttosaythus，"Beingassaulted，asIambyambition，avarice，temerity，superstition，andhavingwithinsomanyotherenemiesoflife，shallIgoponderovertheworld’schanges？"
　　Afterhavingtaughthimwhatwillmakehimmorewiseandgood，youmaythenentertainhimwiththeelementsoflogic，physics，geometry，rhetoric，andthesciencewhichheshallthenhimselfmostinclineto，hisjudgmentbeingbeforehandformedandfittochoose，hewillquicklymakehisown。Thewayofinstructinghimoughttobesometimesbydiscourse，andsometimesbyreading;sometimeshisgovernorshallputtheauthorhimself，whichheshallthinkmostproperforhim，intohishands，andsometimesonlythemarrowandsubstanceofit;andifhimselfbenotconversantenoughinbookstoturntoallthefinediscoursesthebookscontainforhispurpose，theremaysomemanoflearningbejoinedtohim，thatuponeveryoccasionshallsupplyhimwithwhathestandsinneedof，tofurnishittohispupil。AndwhocandoubtbutthatthiswayofteachingismuchmoreeasyandnaturalthanthatofGaza，——[TheodoreGaza，rectoroftheAcademyofFerrara。]——inwhichthepreceptsaresointricate，andsoharsh，andthewordssovain，lean;andinsignificant，thatthereisnoholdtobetakenofthem，nothingthatquickensandelevatesthewitandfancy，whereasherethemindhaswhattofeeduponandtodigest。Thisfruit，therefore，isnotonlywithoutcomparison，muchmorefairandbeautiful;butwillalsobemuchmoreearlyripe。
　　’Tisathousandpitiesthatmattersshouldbeatsuchapassinthisageofours，thatphilosophy，evenwithmenofunderstanding，shouldbe，lookeduponasavainandfantasticname，athingofnouse，novalue，eitherinopinionoreffect，ofwhichIthinkthoseergotismsandpettysophistries，byprepossessingtheavenuestoit，arethecause。Andpeoplearemuchtoblametorepresentittochildrenforathingofsodifficultaccess，andwithsuchafrowning，grim，andformidableaspect。
　　Whoisitthathasdisguiseditthus，withthisfalse，pale，andghostlycountenance？Thereisnothingmoreairy，moregay，morefrolic，andI
　　hadliketohavesaid，morewanton。Shepreachesnothingbutfeastingandjollity;amelancholicanxiouslookshowsthatshedoesnotinhabitthere。DemetriusthegrammarianfindinginthetempleofDelphosaknotofphilosopherssetchattingtogether，saidtothem，——[Plutarch，TreatiseonOracleswhichhaveceased]——"EitherIammuchdeceived，orbyyourcheerfulandpleasantcountenances，youareengagedinno，verydeepdiscourse。"Towhichoneofthem，HeracleontheMegarean，replied:
　　"Tisforsuchasarepuzzledaboutinquiringwhetherthefuturetenseoftheverb——————isspeltwithadoubleA，orthathuntafterthederivationofthecomparatives—————and—————，andthesuperlatives————
　　and——————，toknittheirbrowswhilstdiscoursingoftheirscience:butastophilosophicaldiscourses，theyalwaysdivertandcheerupthosethatentertainthem，andneverdejectthemormakethemsad。"
　　"DeprendasanimitormentalatentisinaegroCorpore;deprendasetgaudia;sumitutrumqueIndehabitumfacies。"
　　["Youmaydiscernthetormentsofmindlurkinginasickbody;youmaydiscernitsjoys:eitherexpressionthefaceassumesfromthemind。"——Juvenal，ix。18]
　　Thesoulthatlodgesphilosophy，oughttobeofsuchaconstitutionofhealth，astorenderthebodyinlikemannerhealthfultoo;sheoughttomakehertranquillityandsatisfactionshinesoastoappearwithout，andhercontentmentoughttofashiontheoutwardbehaviourtoherownmould，andconsequentlytofortifyitwithagracefulconfidence，anactiveandjoyouscarriage，andasereneandcontentedcountenance。Themostmanifestsignofwisdomisacontinualcheerfulness;herstateislikethatofthingsintheregionsabovethemoon，alwaysclearandserene。
　　’TisBarocoandBaralipton——[Twotermsoftheancientscholasticlogic。]——thatrendertheirdisciplessodirtyandill—favoured，andnotshe;theydonotsomuchasknowherbutbyhearsay。What！Itisshethatcalmsandappeasesthestormsandtempestsofthesoul，andwhoteachesfamineandfeverstolaughandsing;andthat，notbycertainimaginaryepicycles，butbynaturalandmanifestreasons。Shehasvirtueforherend，whichisnot，astheschoolmensay，situateuponthesummitofaperpendicular，rugged，inaccessibleprecipice:suchashaveapproachedherfindher，quiteonthecontrary，tobeseatedinafair，fruitful，andflourishingplain，whencesheeasilydiscoversallthingsbelow;towhichplaceanyonemay，however，arrive，ifheknowbuttheway，throughshady，green，andsweetly—flourishingavenues，byapleasant，easy，andsmoothdescent，likethatofthecelestialvault。
　　’Tisfornothavingfrequentedthissupreme，thisbeautiful，triumphant，andamiable，thisequallydeliciousandcourageousvirtue，thissoprofessedandimplacableenemytoanxiety，sorrow，fear，andconstraint，who，havingnatureforherguide，hasfortuneandpleasureforhercompanions，thattheyhavegone，accordingtotheirownweakimagination，andcreatedthisridiculous，thissorrowful，querulous，despiteful，threatening，terribleimageofittothemselvesandothers，andplacedituponarockapart，amongstthornsandbrambles，andmadeofitahobgoblintoaffrightpeople。
　　ButthegovernorthatIwouldhave，thatissuchaoneasknowsittobehisdutytopossesshispupilwithasmuchormoreaffectionthanreverencetovirtue，willbeabletoinformhim，thatthepoetshaveevermoreaccommodatedthemselvestothepublichumour，andmakehimsensible，thatthegodshaveplantedmoretoilandsweatintheavenuesofthecabinetsofVenusthaninthoseofMinerva。Andwhenheshalloncefindhimbegintoapprehend，andshallrepresenttohimaBradamanteoranAngelica——[HeroinesofAriosto。]——foramistress，anatural，active，generous，andnotaviragoish，butamanlybeauty，incomparisonofasoft，delicate，artificialsimpering，andaffectedform;theoneinthehabitofaheroicyouth，wearingaglitteringhelmet，theothertrickedupincurlsandribbonslikeawantonminx;hewillthenlookuponhisownaffectionasbraveandmasculine，whenheshallchoosequitecontrarytothateffeminateshepherdofPhrygia。
　　Suchatutorwillmakeapupildigestthisnewlesson，thattheheightandvalueoftruevirtueconsistsinthefacility，utility，andpleasureofitsexercise;sofarfromdifficulty，thatboys，aswellasmen，andtheinnocentaswellasthesubtle，maymakeittheirown;itisbyorder，andnotbyforce，thatitistobeacquired。Socrates，herfirstminion，issoaversetoallmannerofviolence，astotallytothrowitaside，toslipintothemorenaturalfacilityofherownprogress;’tisthenursingmotherofallhumanpleasures，whoinrenderingthemjust，rendersthemalsopureandpermanent;inmoderatingthem，keepstheminbreathandappetite;ininterdictingthosewhichsheherselfrefuses，whetsourdesiretothosethatsheallows;and，likeakindandliberalmother，abundantlyallowsallthatnaturerequires，eventosatiety，ifnottolassitude:unlesswemeantosaythattheregimenwhichstopsthetoperbeforehehasdrunkhimselfdrunk，thegluttonbeforehehaseatentoasurfeit，andthelecherbeforehehasgotthepox，isanenemytopleasure。Iftheordinaryfortunefail，shedoeswithoutit，andformsanother，whollyherown，notsofickleandunsteadyastheother。Shecanberich，bepotentandwise，andknowshowtolieuponsoftperfumedbeds:sheloveslife，beauty，glory，andhealth;butherproperandpeculiarofficeistoknowhowtoregulatetheuseofallthesegoodthings，andhowtolosethemwithoutconcern:anofficemuchmorenoblethantroublesome，andwithoutwhichthewholecourseoflifeisunnatural，turbulent，anddeformed，andthereitisindeed，thatmenmayjustlyrepresentthosemonstersuponrocksandprecipices。
　　Ifthispupilshallhappentobeofsocontraryadisposition，thathehadratherhearataleofatubthanthetruenarrativeofsomenobleexpeditionorsomewiseandlearneddiscourse;whoatthebeatofdrum，thatexcitestheyouthfulardourofhiscompanions，leavesthattofollowanotherthatcallstoamorrisorthebears;whowouldnotwish，andfinditmoredelightfulandmoreexcellent，toreturnalldustandsweatvictoriousfromabattle，thanfromtennisorfromaball，withtheprizeofthoseexercises;Iseenootherremedy，butthathebeboundprenticeinsomegoodtowntolearntomakemincedpies，thoughhewerethesonofaduke;accordingtoPlato’sprecept，thatchildrenaretobeplacedoutanddisposedof，notaccordingtothewealth，qualities，orconditionofthefather，butaccordingtothefacultiesandthecapacityoftheirownsouls。
　　Sincephilosophyisthatwhichinstructsustolive，andthatinfancyhasthereitslessonsaswellasotherages，whyisitnotcommunicatedtochildrenbetimes？
　　"Udumetmollelutumest;nunc，nuncproperandus，etacriFingendussinefinerota。"
　　["Theclayismoistandsoft:now，nowmakehaste，andformthepitcherontherapidwheel。’——Persius，iii。23。]
　　Theybegintoteachustolivewhenwehavealmostdoneliving。
　　AhundredstudentshavegotthepoxbeforetheyhavecometoreadAristotle’slectureontemperance。Cicerosaid，thatthoughheshouldlivetwomen’sages，heshouldneverfindleisuretostudythelyricpoets;andIfindthesesophistersyetmoredeplorablyunprofitable。
　　Theboywewouldbreedhasagreatdeallesstimetospare;heowesbutthefirstfifteenorsixteenyearsofhislifetoeducation;theremainderisduetoaction。Letus，therefore，employthatshorttimeinnecessaryinstruction。Awaywiththethornysubtletiesofdialectics;
　　theyareabuses，thingsbywhichourlivescanneverbeamended:taketheplainphilosophicaldiscourses，learnhowrightlytochoose，andthenrightlytoapplythem;theyaremoreeasytobeunderstoodthanoneofBoccaccio’snovels;achildfromnurseismuchmorecapableofthem，thanoflearningtoreadortowrite。Philosophyhasdiscoursesproperforchildhood，aswellasforthedecrepitageofmen。
　　IamofPlutarch’smind，thatAristotledidnotsomuchtroublehisgreatdisciplewiththeknackofformingsyllogisms，orwiththeelementsofgeometry;aswithinfusingintohimgoodpreceptsconcerningvalour，prowess，magnanimity，temperance，andthecontemptoffear;andwiththisammunition，senthim，whilstyetaboy，withnomorethanthirtythousandfoot，fourthousandhorse，andbutforty—twothousandcrowns，tosubjugatetheempireofthewholeearth。Fortheotheractsandsciences，hesays，Alexanderhighlyindeedcommendedtheirexcellenceandcharm，andhadtheminverygreathonourandesteem，butnotravishedwiththemtothatdegreeastobetemptedtoaffectthepracticeofthemInhisownperson:
　　"Petitehinc，juvenesquesenesque，Finemammocertum，miserisqueviaticacanis。"
　　["Youngmenandoldmen，derivehenceacertainendtothemind，andstoresformiserablegreyhairs。"——Persius，v。64。]
　　Epicurus，inthebeginningofhislettertoMeniceus，——[DiogenesLaertius，x。122。]——says，"Thatneithertheyoungestshouldrefusetophilosophise，northeoldestgrowwearyofit。"Whodoesotherwise，seemstacitlytoimply，thateitherthetimeoflivinghappilyisnotyetcome，orthatitisalreadypast。Andyet，aforallthat，I
　　wouldnothavethispupilofoursimprisonedandmadeaslavetohisbook;norwouldIhavehimgivenuptothemorosityandmelancholichumourofasourill—naturedpedant。
　　Iwouldnothavehisspiritcowedandsubdued，byapplyinghimtotherack，andtormentinghim，assomedo，fourteenorfifteenhoursaday，andsomakeapack—horseofhim。NeithershouldIthinkitgood，when，byreasonofasolitaryandmelancholiccomplexion，heisdiscoveredtobeovermuchaddictedtohisbook，tonourishthathumourinhim;forthatrendershimunfitforcivilconversation，anddivertshimfrombetteremployments。AndhowmanyhaveIseeninmytimetotallybrutifiedbyanimmoderatethirstafterknowledge？Carneadeswassobesottedwithit，thathewouldnotfindtimesomuchastocombhisheadortoparehisnails。NeitherwouldIhavehisgenerousmannersspoiledandcorruptedbytheincivilityandbarbarismofthoseofanother。TheFrenchwisdomwasancientlyturnedintoproverb:"Early，butofnocontinuance。"And，intruth，weyetsee，thatnothingcanbemoreingeniousandpleasingthanthechildrenofFrance;buttheyordinarilydeceivethehopeandexpectationthathavebeenconceivedofthem;andgrownuptobemen，havenothingextraordinaryorworthtakingnoticeof:Ihaveheardmenofgoodunderstandingsay，thesecollegesofourstowhichwesendouryoungpeople（andofwhichwehavebuttoomany）makethemsuchanimalsastheyare。——[HobbessaidthatifheHadbeenatcollegeaslongasotherpeopleheshouldhavebeenasgreatablockheadasthey。W。C。H。][AndBaconbeforeHobbe’stimehaddiscussedthe"futility"ofuniversityteaching。
　　D。W。]
　　Buttoourlittlemonsieur，acloset，agarden，thetable，hisbed，solitude，andcompany，morningandevening，allhoursshallbethesame，andallplacestohimastudy;forphilosophy，who，astheformatrixofjudgmentandmanners，shallbehisprincipallesson，hasthatprivilegetohaveahandineverything。TheoratorIsocrates，beingatafeastentreatedtospeakofhisart，allthecompanyweresatisfiedwithandcommendedhisanswer:"Itisnotnowatime，"saidhe，"todowhatIcando;andthatwhichitisnowtimetodo，Icannotdo。"——[Plutarch，Symp。，i。I。]——Fortomakeorationsandrhetoricaldisputesinacompanymettogethertolaughandmakegoodcheer，hadbeenveryunreasonableandimproper，andasmuchmighthavebeensaidofalltheothersciences。
　　Butastowhatconcernsphilosophy，thatpartofitatleastthattreatsofman，andofhisofficesandduties，ithasbeenthecommonopinionofallwisemen，that，outofrespecttothesweetnessofherconversation，sheisevertobeadmittedinallsportsandentertainments。AndPlato，havinginvitedhertohisfeast，weseeafterhowgentleandobligingamanner，accommodatedbothtotimeandplace，sheentertainedthecompany，thoughinadiscourseofthehighestandmostimportantnature:
　　"Aequepauperibusprodest，locupletibusaeque;
　　Et，neglecta，aequepuerissenibusquenocebit。"
　　["Itprofitspoorandrichalike，but，neglected，equallyhurtsoldandyoung。"——Horace，Ep。，i。25。]
　　Bythismethodofinstruction，myyoungpupilwillbemuchmoreandbetteremployedthanhisfellowsofthecollegeare。Butasthestepswetakeinwalkingtoandfroinagallery，thoughthreetimesasmany，donottireamansomuchasthoseweemployinaformaljourney，soourlesson，asitwereaccidentallyoccurring，withoutanysetobligationoftimeorplace，andfallingnaturallyintoeveryaction，willinsensiblyinsinuateitself。Bywhichmeansourveryexercisesandrecreations，running，wrestling，music，dancing，hunting，riding，andfencing，willprovetobeagoodpartofourstudy。Iwouldhavehisoutwardfashionandmien，andthedispositionofhislimbs，formedatthesametimewithhismind。’Tisnotasoul，’tisnotabodythatwearetrainingup，butaman，andweoughtnottodividehim。And，asPlatosays，wearenottofashiononewithouttheother，butmakethemdrawtogetherliketwohorsesharnessedtoacoach。Bywhichsayingofhis，doeshenotseemtoallowmoretimefor，andtotakemorecareofexercisesforthebody，andtoholdthatthemind，inagoodproportion，doesherbusinessatthesametimetoo？
　　Astotherest，thismethodofeducationoughttobecarriedonwithaseveresweetness，quitecontrarytothepracticeofourpedants，who，insteadoftemptingandalluringchildrentolettersbyaptandgentleways，dointruthpresentnothingbeforethembutrodsandferules，horrorandcruelty。Awaywiththisviolence！awaywiththiscompulsion！
　　thanwhich，Icertainlybelievenothingmoredullsanddegeneratesawell—descendednature。Ifyouwouldhavehimapprehendshameandchastisement，donothardenhimtothem:inurehimtoheatandcold，towindandsun，andtodangersthatheoughttodespise;weanhimfromalleffeminacyanddelicacyinclothesandlodging，eatinganddrinking;
　　accustomhimtoeverything，thathemaynotbeaSirParis，acarpet—
　　knight，butasinewy，hardy，andvigorousyoungman。IhaveeverfromachildtotheagewhereinInowam，beenofthisopinion，andamstillconstanttoit。Butamongstotherthings，thestrictgovernmentofmostofourcollegeshasevermoredispleasedme;peradventure，theymighthaveerredlessperniciouslyontheindulgentside。’Tisarealhouseofcorrectionofimprisonedyouth。Theyaremadedebauchedbybeingpunishedbeforetheyareso。Dobutcomeinwhentheyareabouttheirlesson，andyoushallhearnothingbuttheoutcriesofboysunderexecution，withthethunderingnoiseoftheirpedagoguesdrunkwithfury。
　　Averyprettywaythis，totemptthesetenderandtimoroussoulstolovetheirbook，withafuriouscountenance，andarodinhand！Acursedandperniciouswayofproceeding！BesideswhatQuintilianhasverywellobserved，thatthisimperiousauthorityisoftenattendedbyverydangerousconsequences，andparticularlyourwayofchastising。Howmuchmoredecentwoulditbetoseetheirclassesstrewedwithgreenleavesandfineflowers，thanwiththebloodystumpsofbirchandwillows？Wereitlefttomyordering。Ishouldpainttheschoolwiththepicturesofjoyandgladness;FloraandtheGraces，asthephilosopherSpeusippusdidhis。Wheretheirprofitis，letthemtherehavetheirpleasuretoo。
　　Suchviandsasareproperandwholesomeforchildren，shouldbesweetenedwithsugar，andsuchasaredangeroustothem，embitteredwithgall。
　　’TismarvelloustoseehowsolicitousPlatoisinhisLawsconcerningthegaietyanddiversionoftheyouthofhiscity，andhowmuchandoftenheenlargesupontheraces，sports，songs，leaps，anddances:ofwhich，hesays，thatantiquityhasgiventheorderingandpatronageparticularlytothegodsthemselves，toApollo，Minerva，andtheMuses。Heinsistslongupon，andisveryparticularin，givinginnumerablepreceptsforexercises;butastotheletteredsciences，saysverylittle，andonlyseemsparticularlytorecommendpoetryupontheaccountofmusic。
　　Allsingularityinourmannersandconditionsistobeavoided，asinconsistentwithcivilsociety。WhowouldnotbeastonishedatsostrangeaconstitutionasthatofDemophoon，stewardtoAlexandertheGreat，whosweatedintheshadeandshiveredinthesun？Ihaveseenthosewhohaverunfromthesmellofamellowapplewithgreaterprecipitationthanfromaharquebuss—shot;othersafraidofamouse;
　　othersvomitatthesightofcream;othersreadytoswoonatthemakingofafeatherbed;Germanicuscouldneitherendurethesightnorthecrowingofacock。Iwillnotdeny，butthattheremay，peradventure，besomeoccultcauseandnaturalaversioninthesecases;but，inmyopinion，amanmightconquerit，ifhetookitintime。Precepthasinthiswroughtsoeffectuallyuponme，thoughnotwithoutsomepainsonmypart，Iconfess，thatbeerexcepted，myappetiteaccommodatesitselfindifferentlytoallsortsofdiet。Youngbodiesaresupple;oneshould，therefore，inthatagebendandplythemtoallfashionsandcustoms:andprovidedamancancontaintheappetiteandthewillwithintheirduelimits，letayoungman，inGod’sname，berenderedfitforallnationsandallcompanies，eventodebaucheryandexcess，ifneedbe;thatis，whereheshalldoitoutofcomplacencytothecustomsoftheplace。
　　Lethimbeabletodoeverything，butlovetodonothingbutwhatisgood。ThephilosophersthemselvesdonotjustifyCallisthenesforforfeitingthefavourofhismasterAlexandertheGreat，byrefusingtopledgehimacupofwine。Lethimlaugh，play，wenchwithhisprince:
　　nay，Iwouldhavehim，eveninhisdebauches，toohardfortherestofthecompany，andtoexcelhiscompanionsinabilityandvigour，andthathemaynotgiveoverdoingit，eitherthroughdefectofpowerorknowledgehowtodoit，butforwantofwill。
　　"Multuminterest，utrumpeccarealiquisnolit，annesciat。"
　　["Thereisavastdifferencebetwixtforbearingtosin，andnotknowinghowtosin。"——Seneca，Ep。，90]
　　IthoughtIpassedacomplimentuponalord，asfreefromthoseexcessesasanymaninFrance，byaskinghimbeforeagreatdealofverygoodcompany，howmanytimesinhislifehehadbeendrunkinGermany，inthetimeofhisbeingthereabouthisMajesty’saffairs;whichhealsotookasitwasintended，andmadeanswer，"Threetimes";andwithaltoldusthewholestoryofhisdebauches。Iknowsomewho，forwantofthisfaculty，havefoundagreatinconvenienceinnegotiatingwiththatnation。IhaveoftenwithgreatadmirationreflecteduponthewonderfulconstitutionofAlcibiades，whosoeasilycouldtransformhimselftosovariousfashionswithoutanyprejudicetohishealth;onewhileoutdoingthePersianpompandluxury，andanother，theLacedaemonianausterityandfrugality;asreformedinSparta，asvoluptuousinIonia:
　　"OmnisAristippumdecuitcolor，etstatus，etres。"
　　["Everycomplexionoflife，andstation，andcircumstancebecameAristippus。"——Horace，Ep。，xvii。23。]
　　Iwouldhavemypupiltobesuchanone，"Quemduplicipannopatentiavelat，Mirabor，vitaeviasiconversadecebit，Personamqueferetnoninconcinnusutramque。"
　　["Ishouldadmirehimwhowithpatiencebearingapatchedgarment，bearswellachangedfortune，actingbothpartsequallywell。"
　　——HoraceEp。，xvii。25。]
　　Thesearemylessons，andhewhoputstheminpracticeshallreapmoreadvantagethanhewhohashadthemreadtohimonly，andsoonlyknowsthem。Ifyouseehim，youhearhim;ifyouhearhim，youseehim。Godforbid，saysoneinPlato，thattophilosophisewereonlytoreadagreatmanybooks，andtolearnthearts。
　　"Hancamplissimamomniumartiumbenevivendidisciplinam，vitamagisquamliteris，persequutisunt。"
　　["Theyhaveproceededtothisdisciplineoflivingwell，whichofallartsisthegreatest，bytheirlives，ratherthanbytheirreading。"——Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，iv。3。]
　　Leo，princeofthePhliasians，askingHeraclidesPonticus——[ItwasnotHeraclidesofPontuswhomadethisanswer，butPythagoras。]——ofwhatartorsciencehemadeprofession:"Iknow，"saidhe，"neitherartnorscience，butIamaphilosopher。"OnereproachingDiogenesthat，beingignorant，heshouldpretendtophilosophy;"Itherefore，"answeredhe，"pretendtoitwithsomuchthemorereason。"Hegesiasentreatedthathewouldreadacertainbooktohim:"Youarepleasant，"saidhe;"youchoosethosefigsthataretrueandnatural，andnotthosethatarepainted;whydoyounotalsochooseexerciseswhicharenaturallytrue，ratherthanthosewritten？"
　　Theladwillnotsomuchgethislessonbyheartashewillpractiseit:
　　hewillrepeatitinhisactions。Weshalldiscoveriftherebeprudenceinhisexercises，iftherebesincerityandjusticeinhisdeportment，iftherebegraceandjudgmentinhisspeaking;iftherebeconstancyinhissickness;iftherebemodestyinhismirth，temperanceinhispleasures，orderinhisdomesticeconomy，indifferenceinpalate，whetherwhatheeatsordrinksbefleshorfish，wineorwater:
　　"Quidisciplinamsuamnonostentationemscientiae，sedlegemvitaeputet:quiqueobtemperetipsesibi，etdecretispareat。"
　　["Whoconsidershisowndiscipline，notasavainostentationofscience，butasalawandruleoflife;andwhoobeyshisowndecrees，andthelawshehasprescribedforhimself。"
　　——Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，ii。4。]
　　Theconductofourlivesisthetruemirrorofourdoctrine。Zeuxidamus，toonewhoaskedhim，whytheLacedaemoniansdidnotcommittheirconstitutionsofchivalrytowriting，anddeliverthemtotheiryoungmentoread，madeanswer，thatitwasbecausetheywouldinurethemtoaction，andnotamusethemwithwords。Withsuchaone，afterfifteenorsixteenyears’study，compareoneofourcollegeLatinists，whohasthrownawaysomuchtimeinnothingbutlearningtospeak。Theworldisnothingbutbabble;andIhardlyeveryetsawthatmanwhodidnotratherpratetoomuch，thanspeaktoolittle。Andyethalfofourageisembezzledthisway:wearekeptfourorfiveyearstolearnwordsonly，andtotackthemtogetherintoclauses;asmanymoretoformthemintoalongdiscourse，dividedintofourorfiveparts;andotherfiveyears，atleast，tolearnsuccinctlytomixandinterweavethemafterasubtleandintricatemannerletusleaveallthistothosewhomakeaprofessionofit。
　　GoingonedaytoOrleans，ImetinthatplainonthissideClery，twopedantswhoweretravellingtowardsBordeaux，aboutfiftypacesdistantfromoneanother;and，agoodwayfurtherbehindthem，Idiscoveredatroopofhorse，withagentlemanattheheadofthem，whowasthelateMonsieurleComtedelaRochefoucauld。Oneofmypeopleinquiredoftheforemostofthesemastersofarts，whothatgentlemanwasthatcameafterhim;he，havingnotseenthetrainthatfollowedafter，andthinkinghiscompanionwasmeant，pleasantlyanswered，"Heisnotagentleman;heisagrammarian;andIamalogician。"Nowwewho，quitecontrary，donotherepretendtobreedagrammarianoralogician，butagentleman，letusleavethemtoabusetheirleisure;ourbusinesslieselsewhere。Letbutourpupilbewellfurnishedwiththings，wordswillfollowbuttoofast;