Anditisthisvaluethat，inpointoffact，Marx’sbookhas。"
　　Whilstthewriterpictureswhathetakestobeactuallymymethod，inthisstrikingand[asfarasconcernsmyownapplicationofit]generousway，whatelseishepicturingbutthedialecticmethod？
　　Ofcoursethemethodofpresentationmustdifferinformfromthatofinquiry。Thelatterhastoappropriatethematerialindetail，toanalyseitsdifferentformsofdevelopment，totraceouttheirinnerconnexion。
　　Onlyafterthisworkisdone，cantheactualmovementbeadequatelydescribed。
　　Ifthisisdonesuccessfully，ifthelifeofthesubject—matterisideallyreflectedasinamirror，thenitmayappearasifwehadbeforeusamereaprioriconstruction。
　　MydialecticmethodisnotonlydifferentfromtheHegelian，butisitsdirectopposite。ToHegel，thelife—processofthehumanbrain，i。e。，theprocessofthinking，which，underthenameof"theIdea，"heeventransformsintoanindependentsubject，isthedemiurgosoftherealworld，andtherealworldisonlytheexternal，phenomenalformof"theIdea。"Withme，onthecontrary，theidealisnothingelsethanthematerialworldreflectedbythehumanmind，andtranslatedintoformsofthought。
　　ThemystifyingsideofHegeliandialecticIcriticisednearlythirtyyearsago，atatimewhenitwasstillthefashion。ButjustasIwasworkingatthefirstvolumeof"DasKapital，"itwasthegoodpleasureofthepeevish，arrogant，mediocre’EpigonoiwhonowtalklargeinculturedGermany，totreatHegelinsamewayasthebraveMosesMendelssohninLessing’stimetreatedSpinoza，i。e。，asa"deaddog。"Ithereforeopenlyavowedmyselfthepupilofthatmightythinker，andevenhereandthere，inthechapteronthetheoryofvalue，coquettedwiththemodesofexpressionpeculiartohim。ThemystificationwhichdialecticsuffersinHegel’shands，bynomeanspreventshimfrombeingthefirsttopresentitsgeneralformofworkinginacomprehensiveandconsciousmanner。Withhimitisstandingonitshead。Itmustbeturnedrightsideupagain，ifyouwoulddiscovertherationalkernelwithinthemysticalshell。
　　Initsmystifiedform，dialecticbecamethefashioninGermany，becauseitseemedtotransfigureandtoglorifytheexistingstateofthings。Initsrationalformitisascandalandabominationtobourgeoisdomanditsdoctrinaireprofessors，becauseitincludesinitscomprehensionandaffirmativerecognitionoftheexistingstateofthings，atthesametimealso，therecognitionofthenegationofthatstate，ofitsinevitablebreakingup;
　　becauseitregardseveryhistoricallydevelopedsocialformasinfluidmovement，andthereforetakesintoaccountitstransientnaturenotlessthanitsmomentaryexistence;becauseitletsnothingimposeuponit，andisinitsessencecriticalandrevolutionary。
　　Thecontradictionsinherentinthemovementofcapitalistsocietyimpressthemselvesuponthepracticalbourgeoismoststrikinglyinthechangesoftheperiodiccycle，throughwhichmodernindustryruns，andwhosecrowningpointistheuniversalcrisis。Thatcrisisisonceagainapproaching，althoughasyetbutinitspreliminarystage;andbytheuniversalityofitstheatreandtheintensityofitsactionitwilldrumdialecticsevenintotheheadsofthemushroom—upstartsofthenew，holyPrusso—Germanempire。KarlMarxLondonJanuary24，1873Footnotes[1]GeschichtlicheDarstellungdesHandels，derGewerbeunddesAckerbaus，&c……vonGustavvonGulich。5vols。，Jena。1830—45。
　　[2]Seemywork"ZurKritik，&c。，"p。39。
　　[3]Themealy—mouthedbabblersofGermanvulgareconomyfellfoulofthestyleofmybook。Noonecanfeeltheliteraryshortcomingsin"DasKapital"
　　morestronglythanImyself。YetIwillforthebenefitandtheenjoymentofthesegentlemenandtheirpublicquoteinthisconnexiononeEnglishandoneRussiannotice。TheSaturdayReviewalwayshostiletomyviews，saidinitsnoticeofthefirstedition:"Thepresentationofthesubjectinveststhedriesteconomicquestionswithacertainpeculiarcharm。"The"St。PetersburgJournal"（Sankt—PeterburgskieViedomosti），initsissueofApril8（20），1872，says:"Thepresentationofthesubject，withtheexceptionofoneortwoexceptionallyspecialparts，isdistinguishedbyitscomprehensibilitybythegeneralreader，itsclearness，and，inspiteofthescientificintricacyofthesubject，byanunusualliveliness。Inthisrespecttheauthorinnowayresembles……themajorityofGermanscholarswho……writetheirbooksinalanguagesodryandobscurethattheheadsofordinarymortalsarecrackedbyit。"
　　1883PrefaceKarlMarxCapitalVolumeOne1883
　　PREFACETOTHE
　　THIRDGERMANEDITION
　　Marxwasnotdestinedtogetthis，thethird，editionreadyforpresshimself。Thepowerfulthinker，towhosegreatnessevenhisopponentsnowmakeobeisance，diedonMarch14，1883。
　　UponmewhoinMarxlostthebest，thetruestfriendIhad？andhadforfortyyears？thefriendtowhomIammoreindebtedthancanbeexpressedinwords？uponmenowdevolvedthedutyofattendingtothepublicationofthisthirdedition，aswellasofthesecondvolume，whichMarxhadleftbehindinmanuscript。ImustnowaccountheretothereaderforthewayinwhichIdischargedthefirstpartofmyduty。
　　ItwasMarx’soriginalintentiontore—writeagreatpartofthetextofVolumeI，toformulatemanytheoreticalpointsmoreexactly，insertnewonesandbringhistoricalandstatisticalmaterialsuptodate。ButhisailingconditionandtheurgentneedtodothefinaleditingofVolumeIIinducedhimtogiveupthisscheme。Onlythemostnecessaryalterationsweretobemade，onlytheinsertionswhichtheFrenchedition（"LeCapital。"
　　ParKarlMarx。Paris，Lachâtre1873）alreadycontained，weretobeputin。
　　AmongthebooksleftbyMarxtherewasaGermancopywhichhehimselfhadcorrectedhereandthereandprovidedwithreferencestotheFrenchedition;alsoaFrenchcopyinwhichhehadindicatedtheexactpassagestobeused。Thesealterationsandadditionsareconfined，withfewexceptions，tothelast[Engl。ed。:secondlast]partofthebook:"TheAccumulationofCapital。"Heretheprevioustextfollowedtheoriginaldraftmorecloselythanelsewhere，whiletheprecedingsectionshadbeengoneovermorethoroughly。
　　Thestylewasthereforemorevivacious，moreofasinglecast，butalsomorecareless，studdedwithAnglicismsandinpartsunclear;thereweregapshereandthereinthepresentationofarguments，someimportantparticularsbeingmerelyalludedto。
　　Withregardtothestyle，Marxhadhimselfthoroughlyrevisedseveralsub—sectionsandtherebyhadindicatedtomehere，aswellasinnumerousoralsuggestions，thelengthtowhichIcouldgoineliminatingEnglishtechnicaltermsandotherAnglicisms。MarxwouldinanyeventhavegoneovertheadditionsandsupplementaltextsandhavereplacedthesmoothFrenchwithhisownterseGerman;Ihadtobesatisfied，whentransferringthem，withbringingthemintomaximumharmonywiththeoriginaltext。
　　Thusnotasinglewordwaschangedinthisthirdeditionwithoutmyfirmconvictionthattheauthorwouldhavealteredithimself。Itwouldneveroccurtometointroduceinto"DasKapital"thecurrentjargoninwhichGermaneconomistsarewonttoexpressthemselves？thatgibberishinwhich，forinstance，onewhoforcashhasothersgivehimtheirlabouriscalledalabour—giver（Arbeitgeber）andonewhoselabouristakenawayfromhimforwagesiscalledalabour—taker（Arbeitnehmer）。
　　InFrench，too，theword"travail"isusedinevery—daylifeinthesenseof"occupation。"ButtheFrenchwouldrightlyconsideranyeconomistcrazyshouldhecallthecapitalistadonneurdetravail（alabour—giver）
　　ortheworkerareceveurdetravail（alabour—taker）。
　　NorhaveItakenthelibertytoconverttheEnglishcoinsandmoneys，measuresandweightsusedthroughoutthetexttotheirnew—Germanequivalents。
　　WhenthefirsteditionappearedtherewereasmanykindsofmeasuresandweightsinGermanyastherearedaysintheyear。Besidesthereweretwokindsofmarks（theReichsmarkexistedatthetimeonlyintheimaginationofSoetbeer，whohadinventeditinthelatethirties），twokindsofguldenandatleastthreekindsoftaler，includingonecalledneuesZweidrittel。
　　Inthenaturalsciencesthemetricsystemprevailed，intheworldmarket？Englishmeasuresandweights。UndersuchcircumstancesEnglishunitsofmeasurewerequitenaturalforabookwhichhadtotakeitsfactualproofsalmostexclusivelyfromBritishindustrialrelations。Thelast—namedreasonisdecisiveevento—day，especiallybecausethecorrespondingrelationsintheworldmarkethavehardlychangedandEnglishweightsandmeasuresalmostcompletelycontrolpreciselythekeyindustries，ironandcotton。
　　InconclusionafewwordsonMarx’sartofquotation，whichissolittleunderstood。Whentheyarepurestatementsoffactordescriptions，thequotations，fromtheEnglishBluebooks，forexample，serveofcourseassimpledocumentaryproof。Butthisisnotsowhenthetheoreticalviewsofothereconomistsarecited。Herethequotationisintendedmerelytostatewhere，whenandbywhomaneconomicideaconceivedinthecourseofdevelopmentwasfirstclearlyenunciated。Heretheonlyconsiderationisthattheeconomicconceptioninquestionmustbeofsomesignificancetothehistoryofscience，thatitisthemoreorlessadequatetheoreticalexpressionoftheeconomicsituationofitstime。Butwhetherthisconceptionstillpossessesanyabsoluteorrelativevalidityfromthestandpointoftheauthororwhetheritalreadyhasbecomewhollypasthistoryisquiteimmaterial。Hencethesequotationsareonlyarunningcommentarytothetext，acommentaryborrowedfromthehistoryofeconomicscience，andestablishthedatesandoriginatorsofcertainofthemoreimportantadvancesineconomictheoryAndthatwasaverynecessarythinginasciencewhosehistorianshavesofardistinguishedthemselvesonlybytendentiousignorancecharacteristicofcareerists。ItwillnowbeunderstandablewhyMarx，inconsonancewiththeAfterwordtothesecondedition，onlyinveryexceptionaleaseshadoccasiontoquoteGermaneconomists。
　　Thereishopethatthesecondvolumewillappearinthecourseof1884。FrederickEngelsLondonNovember7，18831886PrefaceKarlMarxCapitalVolumeOne1886
　　PREFACETOTHE
　　ENGLISHEDITION
　　ThepublicationofanEnglishversionof"DasKapital"needsnoapology。
　　Onthecontrary，anexplanationmightbeexpectedwhythisEnglishversionhasbeendelayeduntilnow，seeingthatforsomeyearspastthetheoriesadvocatedinthisbookhavebeenconstantlyreferredto，attackedanddefended，interpretedandmisinterpreted，intheperiodicalpressandthecurrentliteratureofbothEnglandandAmerica。
　　When，soonaftertheauthor’sdeathin1883，itbecameevidentthatanEnglisheditionoftheworkwasreallyrequired，Mr。SamuelMoore，formanyyearsafriendofMarxandofthepresentwriter，andthanwhom，perhaps，nooneismoreconversantwiththebookitself，consentedtoundertakethetranslationwhichtheliteraryexecutorsofMarxwereanxioustolaybeforethepublic。ItwasunderstoodthatIshouldcomparetheMS。withtheoriginalwork，andsuggestsuchalterationsasImightdeemadvisable。
　　When，byandby，itwasfoundthatMr。Moore’sprofessionaloccupationspreventedhimfromfinishingthetranslationasquicklyaswealldesired，wegladlyacceptedDr。Aveling’soffertoundertakeaportionofthework;
　　atthesametimeMrs。Aveling，Marx’syoungestdaughter，offeredtocheckthequotationsandtorestoretheoriginaltextofthenumerouspassagestakenfromEnglishauthorsandBluebooksandtranslatedbyMarxintoGerman。
　　Thishasbeendonethroughout，withbutafewunavoidableexceptions。
　　ThefollowingportionsofthebookhavebeentranslatedbyDr。Aveling:
　　（I）ChaptersX。（TheWorking—Day），andXI。（RateandMassofSurplus—Value）;
　　（2）PartVI。（Wages，comprisingChaptersXIX。toXXII。）;（3）fromChapterXXIV。，Section4（Circumstancesthat&c。）totheendofthebook，comprisingthelatterpartofChapterXXIV。，。ChapterXXV。，andthewholeofPartVIII。（ChaptersXXVI。toXXXIII）;（4）thetwoAuthor’sprefaces。AlltherestofthebookhasbeendonebyMr。Moore。While，thus，eachofthetranslatorsisresponsibleforhisshareoftheworkonly，Ibearajointresponsibilityforthewhole。
　　ThethirdGermanedition，whichhasbeenmadethebasisofourworkthroughout，waspreparedbyme，in1883，withtheassistanceofnotesleftbytheauthor，indicatingthepassagesofthesecondeditiontobereplacedbydesignatedpassages，fromtheFrenchtextpublishedin1873。[1]ThealterationsthuseffectedinthetextofthesecondeditiongenerallycoincidedwithchangesprescribedbyMarxinasetofMS。instructionsforanEnglishtranslationthatwasplanned，abouttenyearsago，inAmerica，butabandonedchieflyforwantofafitandpropertranslator。ThisMS。
　　wasplacedatourdisposalbyouroldfriendMr。F。A。SorgeofHobokenN。J。ItdesignatessomefurtherinterpolationsfromtheFrenchedition;
　　but，beingsomanyyearsolderthanthefinalinstructionsforthethirdedition，Ididnotconsidermyselfatlibertytomakeuseofitotherwisethansparingly，andchieflyincaseswhereithelpedusoverdifficulties。
　　Inthesameway，theFrenchtexthasbeenreferredtoinmostofthedifficultpassages，asanindicatorofwhattheauthorhimselfwaspreparedtosacrificewhereversomethingofthefullimportoftheoriginalhadtobesacrificedintherendering。
　　Thereis，however，onedifficultywecouldnotsparethereader:theuseofcertaintermsinasensedifferentfromwhattheyhave，notonlyincommonlife，butinordinaryPoliticalEconomy。Butthiswasunavoidable。
　　Everynewaspectofascienceinvolvesarevolutioninthetechnicaltermsofthatscience。Thisisbestshownbychemistry，wherethewholeoftheterminologyisradicallychangedaboutonceintwentyyears，andwhereyouwillhardlyfindasingleorganiccompoundthathasnotgonethroughawholeseriesofdifferentnames。PoliticalEconomyhasgenerallybeencontenttotake，justastheywere，thetermsofcommercialandindustriallife，andtooperatewiththem，entirelyfailingtoseethatbysodoing，itconfineditselfwithinthenarrowcircleofideasexpressedbythoseterms。Thus，thoughperfectlyawarethatbothprofitsandrentarebutsub—divisions，fragmentsofthatunpaidpartoftheproductwhichthelabourerhastosupplytohisemployer（itsfirstappropriator，thoughnotitsultimateexclusiveowner），yetevenclassicalPoliticalEconomyneverwentbeyondthereceivednotionsofprofitsandrents，neverexaminedthisunpaidpartoftheproduct（calledbyMarxsurplus—product）initsintegrityasawhole，andthereforeneverarrivedataclearcomprehension，eitherofitsoriginandnature，orofthelawsthatregulatethesubsequentdistributionofitsvalue。Similarlyallindustry，notagriculturalorhandicraft，isindiscriminatelycomprisedinthetermofmanufacture，andtherebythedistinctionisobliteratedbetweentwogreatandessentiallydifferentperiodsofeconomichistory:
　　theperiodofmanufactureproper，basedonthedivisionofmanuallabour，andtheperiodofmodernindustrybasedonmachinery。Itis，however，self—
　　evidentthatatheorywhichviewsmoderncapitalistproductionasamerepassingstageintheeconomichistoryofmankind，mustmakeuseoftermsdifferentfromthosehabitualtowriterswholookuponthatformofproductionasimperishableandfinal。
　　Awordrespectingtheauthor’smethodofquotingmaynotbeoutofplace。
　　Inthemajorityofcases，thequotationsserve，intheusualway，asdocumentaryevidenceinsupportofassertionsmadeinthetext。Butinmanyinstances，passagesfromeconomicwritersarequotedinordertoindicatewhen，where，andbywhomacertainpropositionwasforthefirsttimeclearlyenunciated。
　　Thisisdoneincaseswherethepropositionquotedisofimportanceasbeingamoreorlessadequateexpressionoftheconditionsofsocialproductionandexchangeprevalentatthetime，andquiteirrespectiveofMarx’srecognition，orotherwise，ofitsgeneralvalidity。Thesequotations，therefore，supplementthetextbyarunningcommentarytakenfromthehistoryofthescience。
　　Ourtranslationcomprisesthefirstbookoftheworkonly。Butthisfirstbookisinagreatmeasureawholeinitself，andhasfortwentyyearsrankedasanindependentwork。Thesecondbook，editedinGermanbyme，in1885，isdecidedlyincompletewithoutthethird，whichcannotbepublishedbeforetheendof1887。WhenBookIII。hasbeenbroughtoutintheoriginalGerman，itwillthenbesoonenoughtothinkaboutpreparinganEnglisheditionofboth。
　　"DasKapital"isoftencalled，ontheContinent，"theBibleoftheworking—class。"
　　Thattheconclusionsarrivedatinthisworkaredailymoreandmorebecomingthefundamentalprinciplesofthegreatworking—classmovement，notonlyinGermanyandSwitzerland，butinFrance，inHollandandBelgium，inAmerica，andeveninItalyandSpain，thateverywheretheworking—classmoreandmorerecognises，intheseconclusions，themostadequateexpressionofitsconditionandofitsaspirations，nobodyacquaintedwiththatmovementwilldeny。AndinEngland，too，thetheoriesofMarx，evenatthismoment，exerciseapowerfulinfluenceuponthesocialistmovementwhichisspreadingintheranksof"cultured"peoplenolessthaninthoseoftheworking—class。
　　Butthatisnotall。ThetimeisrapidlyapproachingwhenathoroughexaminationofEngland’seconomicpositionwillimposeitselfasanirresistiblenationalnecessity。Theworkingoftheindustrialsystemofthiscountry，impossiblewithoutaconstantandrapidextensionofproduction，andthereforeofmarkets，iscomingtoadeadstop。
　　Free—tradehasexhausteditsresources;evenManchesterdoubtsthisitsquondameconomicgospel。[2]Foreignindustry，rapidlydeveloping，staresEnglishproductioninthefaceeverywhere，notonlyinprotected，butalsoinneutralmarkets，andevenonthissideoftheChannel。Whiletheproductivepowerincreasesinageometric，theextensionofmarketsproceedsatbestinanarithmeticratio。Thedecennialcycleofstagnation，prosperity，over—productionandcrisis，everrecurrentfrom1825to1867，seemsindeedtohaverunitscourse;butonlytolandusinthesloughofdespondofapermanentandchronicdepression。Thesighedforperiodofprosperitywillnotcome;
　　asoftenasweseemtoperceiveitsheraldingsymptoms，sooftendotheyagainvanishintoair。Meanwhile，eachsucceedingwinterbringsupafreshthegreatquestion，"whattodowiththeunemployed";butwhilethenumberoftheunemployedkeepsswellingfromyeartoyear，thereisnobodytoanswerthatquestion;andwecanalmostcalculatethemomentwhentheunemployedlosingpatiencewilltaketheirownfateintotheirownhands。Surely，atsuchamoment，thevoiceoughttobeheardofamanwhosewholetheoryistheresultofalifelongstudyoftheeconomichistoryandconditionofEngland，andwhomthatstudyledtotheconclusionthat，atleastinEurope，Englandistheonlycountrywheretheinevitablesocialrevolutionmightbeeffectedentirelybypeacefulandlegalmeans。HecertainlyneverforgottoaddthathehardlyexpectedtheEnglishrulingclassestosubmit，withouta"pro—slaveryrebellion，"tothispeacefulandlegalrevolution。FrederickEngelsNovember5，1886Footnotes[1]"LeCapital，"parKarlMarx。TraductiondeM。J。Roy，entierementreviseeparl’auteur。Paris。Lachatre。Thistranslation，especiallyinthelatterpartofthebook，containsconsiderablealterationsinandadditionstothetextofthesecondGermanedition。
　　[2]AtthequarterlymeetingoftheManchesterChamberofcommerce，heldthisafternoonawarmdiscussiontookplaceonthesubjectofFree—trade。A
　　resolutionwasmovedtotheeffectthat"havingwaitedinvain40yearsforothernationstofollowtheFree—tradeexampleofEngland，thisChamberthinksthetimehasnowarrivedtoreconsiderthatposition。Theresolutionwasrejectedbyamajorityofoneonly，thefiguresbeing21for，and22
　　against。？EveningStandard，Nov。1，1886。
　　1890PrefaceKarlMarxCapitalVolumeOne1890
　　PREFACETOTHE
　　FOURTHGERMANEDITION
　　ThefourtheditionrequiredthatIshouldestablishinfinalform，asnearlyaspossible，bothtextandfootnotes。ThefollowingbriefexplanationwillshowhowIhavefulfilledthistask。
　　AfteragaincomparingtheFrencheditionandMarx’smanuscriptremarksIhavemadesomefurtheradditionstotheGermantextfromthattranslation。
　　Theywillbefoundonp。80（3rdedition，p。88）[presentedition，pp。
　　117—18]，pp。458—60（3rdedition，pp。509—10）[presentedition，pp。462—65]，[1]pp。547—51（3rdedition，p。600）[presentedition，pp。548—51]，pp。591—93
　　（3rdedition，p。644）[presentedition，587—89]andp。596（3rdedition，p。648）[presentedition，p。591]inNote1。IhavealsofollowedtheexampleoftheFrenchandEnglisheditionsbyputtingthelongfootnoteontheminersintothetext（3rdedition，pp。509—15;4thedition，pp。461—67）
　　[presentedition，pp。465—71]。Othersmallalterationsareofapurelytechnicalnature。
　　Further，Ihaveaddedafewmoreexplanatorynotes，especiallywherechangedhistoricalconditionsseemedtodemandthis。Alltheseadditionalnotesareenclosedinsquarebracketsandmarkedeitherwithmyinitialsor"D。H。"[2]
　　MeanwhileacompleterevisionofthenumerousquotationshadbeenmadenecessarybythepublicationoftheEnglishedition。ForthiseditionMarx’syoungestdaughter，Eleanor，undertooktocompareallthequotationswiththeiroriginals，sothatthosetakenfromEnglishsources，whichconstitutethevastmajority，aregiventherenotasre—translationsfromtheGermanbutintheoriginalEnglishformInpreparingthefourtheditionitwasthereforeincumbentuponmetoconsultthistext。Thecomparisonrevealedvarioussmallinaccuracies。Pagenumberswronglyindicated，duepartlytomistakesincopyingfromnote—books，andpartlytotheaccumulatedmisprintsofthreeeditions;misplacedquotationoromissionmarks，whichcannotbeavoidedwhenamassofquotationsiscopiedfromnote—bookextracts;hereandtheresomeratherunhappytranslationofaword;particularpassagesquotedfromtheoldParisnote—booksof1843—45，whenMarxdidnotknowEnglishandwasreadingEnglisheconomistsinFrenchtranslations，sothatthedoubletranslationyieldedaslightlydifferentshadeofmeaning，e。g。，inthecaseofSteuart，Ure，etc。，wheretheEnglishtexthadnowtobeused？andothersimilarinstancesoftriflinginaccuracyornegligence。Butanyonewhocomparesthefourtheditionwiththepreviousonescanconvincehimselfthatallthislaboriousprocessofemendationhasnotproducedthesmallestchangeinthebookworthspeakingof。Therewasonlyonequotationwhichcouldnotbetraced？theonefromRichardJones（4thedition，p。562，note47）。Marxprobablyslippedupwhenwritingdownthetitleoftheboop;[3]Alltheotherquotationsretaintheircogencyinfull，orhaveenhanceditduetotheirpresentexactform。
　　Here，however，Iamobligedtoreverttoanoldstory。
　　IknowofonlyonecaseinwhichtheaccuracyofaquotationgivenbyMarxhasbeencalledinquestion。ButastheissuedraggedbeyondhislifetimeIcannotwellignoreithere。
　　OnMarch7，1872，thereappearedintheBerlinConcordia，organoftheGermanManufacturers’Association，ananonymousarticleentitled:
　　"HowKarlMarxQuotes。"Itwashereasserted，withaneffervescenceofmoralindignationandunparliamentarylanguage，thatthequotationfromGladstone’sBudgetSpeechofApril16，1863（intheInauguralAddressoftheInternationalWorkingmen’sAssociation，1864，andrepeatedin"Capital，"
　　Vol。I，p。617，4thedition;p。671，3rdedition）[presentedition，p。
　　610]，hadbeenfalsified;thatnotasinglewordofthesentence:"thisintoxicatingaugmentationofwealthandpower……is……entirelyconfinedtoclassesofproperty"wastobefoundinthe（semi—official）stenographicreportinHansard。"ButthissentenceisnowheretobefoundinGladstone’sspeech。Exactlytheoppositeisstatedthere。"（Inboldtype）:"Thissentence，bothinformandsubstance，isalieinsertedbyMarx。"
　　Marx，towhomthenumberofConcordiawassentthefollowingMay，answeredtheanonymousauthorintheVolksstaatofJune1st。
　　Ashecouldnotrecallwhichnewspaperreporthehadusedforthequotation，helimitedhimselftociting，firsttheequivalentquotationfromtwoEnglishpublications，andthenthereportinTheTimes，accordingtowhichGladstonesays:
　　"Thatisthestateofthecaseasregardsthewealthofthiscountry。
　　Imustsayforone，Ishouldlookalmostwithapprehensionandwithpainuponthisintoxicatingaugmentationofwealthandpower，ifitweremybeliefthatitwasconfinedtoclasseswhoareineasycircumstances。Thistakesnocognisanceatalloftheconditionofthelabouringpopulation。
　　TheaugmentationIhavedescribedandwhichisfounded，Ithink，uponaccuratereturns，isanaugmentationentirelyconfinedtoclassespossessedofproperty。"
　　ThusGladstonesaysherethathewouldbesorryifitwereso，butitisso:thisintoxicatingaugmentationofwealthandpowerisentirelyconfinedtoclassesofproperty。Andastothesemi—officialHansard，Marxgoesontosay:"Intheversionwhichheafterwardsmanipulated[zurechtgestümpert]，Mr。Gladstonewasastuteenoughtoobliterate[wegzupfuschen]thispassage，which，comingfromanEnglishChancelloroftheExchequer，wascertainlycompromising。This，bytheway，isatraditionalusageintheEnglishparliamentandnotaninventiongottenupbylittleLaskeragainstBebel。"
　　Theanonymouswritergetsangrierandangrier。InhisanswerinConcordia，July4th，hesweepsasidesecond—handsourcesanddemurelysuggeststhatitisthe"custom"toquoteparliamentaryspeechesfromthestenographicreport;adding，however，thatTheTimesreport（whichincludesthe"falsified"sentence）andtheHansardreport（whichomitsit）are"substantiallyincompleteagreement，"whileTheTimesreportlikewisecontains"theexactoppositetothatnotoriouspassageintheInauguralAddress。"
　　ThisfellowcarefullyconcealsthefactthatTheTimesreportexplicitlyincludesthatself—same"notoriouspassage，"alongsideofitsalleged"opposite。"
　　Despiteallthis，however，theanonymousonefeelsthatheisstuckfastandthatonlysomenewdodgecansavehim。Thus，whilsthisarticlebristles，aswehavejustshown，with"impudentmendacity"andisinterlardedwithsuchedifyingtermsofabuseas"badfaith，""dishonesty，""lyingallegation，"
　　"thatspuriousquotation，""impudentmendacity，""aquotationentirelyfalsified，""thisfalsification，""simplyinfamous，"etc。，hefindsitnecessarytodiverttheissuetoanotherdomainandthereforepromises"toexplaininasecondarticlethemeaningwhichwe（thenon—mendaciousanonymousone）attributetothecontentofGladstone’swords。"Asifhisparticularopinion，ofnodecisivevalueasitis，hadanythingwhatevertodowiththematter。ThissecondarticlewasprintedinConcordiaonJuly11th。
　　MarxrepliedagainintheVolksstaatofAugust7thnowgivingalsothereportsofthepassageinquestionfromtheMorningStarandtheMorningAdvertiserofApril17，1863。AccordingtobothreportsGladstonesaidthathewouldlookwithapprehension，etc。，uponthisintoxicatingaugmentationofwealthandpowerifhebelievedittobeconfinedto"classesineasycircumstances。"Butthisaugmentationwasinfact"entirelyconfinedtoclassespossessedofproperty。"Sothesereportstooreproducedwordforwordthesentenceallegedtohavebeen"lyinglyinserted。"Marxfurtherestablishedoncemore，byacomparisonofTheTimesandtheHansardtexts，thatthissentence，whichthreenewspaperreportsofidenticalcontent，appearingindependentlyofoneanotherthenextmorning，provedtohavebeenreallyuttered，wasmissingfromtheHansardreport，revisedaccordingtothefamiliar"custom，"andthatGladstone，touseMarx’swords，"hadafterwardsconjureditaway。"
　　InconclusionMarxstatedthathehadnotimeforfurtherintercoursewiththeanonymousone。Thelatteralsoseemstohavehadenough，atanyrateMarxreceivednofurtherissuesofConcordia。
　　Withthisthematterappearedtobedeadandburied。True，onceortwicelaterontherereachedus，frompersonsintouchwiththeUniversityofCambridge，mysteriousrumoursofanunspeakableliterarycrimewhichMarxwassupposedtohavecommittedin"Capital"，butdespiteallinvestigationnothingmoredefinitecouldbelearned。Then，onNovember29，1883，eightmonthsafterMarx’sdeath，thereappearedinTheTimesaletterheadedTrinityCollege，Cambridge，andsignedSedleyTaylor，inwhichthislittleman，whodabblesinthemildestsortofco—operativeaffairs，seizinguponsomechancepretextorother，atlastenlightenedus，notonlyconcerningthosevagueCambridgerumours，butalsotheanonymousoneinConcordia。
　　"Whatappearsextremelysingular，"saysthelittlemanfromTrinityCollege，"isthatitwasreservedforProfessorBrentano（thenoftheUniversityofBreslau，nowofthatofStrassburg）toexpose……thebadfaithwhichhadmanifestlydictatedthecitationmadefromMr。Gladstone’sspeechinthe[Inaugural]Address。HerrKarlMarx，who……attemptedtodefendthecitation，hadthehardihood，inthedeadlyshiftstowhichBrentano’smasterlyconductoftheattackspeedilyreducedhim，toassertthatMr。
　　Gladstonehad’manipulated’thereportofhisspeechinTheTimesofApril17，1863，beforeitappearedinHansard，inorderto’obliterate’
　　apassagewhich’wascertainlycompromising’foranEnglishChancelloroftheExchequer。OnBrentano’sshowing，byadetailedcomparisonoftexts，thatthereportsofTheTimesandofHansardagreedinutterlyexcludingthemeaningwhichcraftilyisolatedquotationhadputuponMr。Gladstone’swords，Marxwithdrewfromfurthercontroversyunderthepleaof’wantoftime。’"