ThemostcuriousexampleoftheeloquenceofsilenceinBismarck’scase，whichInoted，waswhenhisstrongestopponent，Windthorst，astherepresentativeofthecombinationofRomanCatholicsandothersgenerallyinopposition，butwho，atthatparticulartime，seemedtohavemadeasortofagreementtosupportsomeofBismarck’smeasures，wenttothetribuneandbeganalongandveryearnestspeech。Windthorstwasamanofdiminutivestature，smallereventhanThiers，——almostadwarf，——andhisfirstwordsonthisoccasionhadacomicaleffect。Hesaid，insubstance，``Iamtoldthatifweenterintoacombinationwiththechancellorinthismatter，wearesuretocomeoutsecondbest。’’AtthisBismarckraisedhishead，turnedandlookedattheorator，theattentionofthewholeaudiencebeingfasteneduponboth。``But，’’
continuedWindthorst，``thechancellorwillhavetogetupveryearlyinthemorningtooutwitusinthismatter。’’
Therewasageneraloutburstoflaughterasthetwoleaderseyedeachother。Itremindedoneofnothingsomuchasasturdymastiffcontemplatingasnappishterrier。
Astohisrelationswithhisfamily，which，tosomelittleextent，Inoticedwhenwiththem，nothingcouldbemorehearty，simple，andkindly。Hewasbeautifullydevotedtohiswife，andevidentlygloriedinhistwostalwartsons，PrinceHerbertand``CountBill，’’andinhisdaughter，CountessvonRantzau;andthey，inreturn，showedadevotiontohimnotlesstouching。Nomatterhowseveretheconflictswhichragedoutside，withinhisfamilythesternchancellorof``bloodandiron’’seemedtodisappear;
andinhisplacecamethekindly，genialhusband，father，andhost。
ThelasttimeIeversawhimwasattheSchnhausenstationonmywaytoBremen。Hewalkedslowlyfromthetraintohiscarriage，leaningheavilyonhisstick。Heseemednotlikelytolastlong;butDr。Schweninger’streatmentgavehimanewleaseoflife，sothat，onmyreturntoBerlineighteenyearslater，hewasstillliving。
Inreplytoarespectfulmessagehesentmeakindlygreeting，andexpressedthehopethathewould，erelong，bewellenoughtoreceiveme;buthewaseventhensinking，andsoonpassedaway。SowaslosttomortalsightthegreatestGermansinceLuther。
EndofVolume1
AutobiographyofAndrewDicksonWhiteVolumeII
byAndrewDicksonWhiteVOLUMEII
AUTOBIOGRAPHYOFANDREWDICKSONWHITE
VolumeII
CHAPTERXXXIII
ASMINISTERTORUSSIA——1892—1894
DuringfouryearsaftermyreturnfromserviceasministertoGermanyIdevotedmyselftothedutiesofthepresidencyatCornell，andonresigningthatpositiongavealltimepossibletostudyandtravel，withreferencetothebookonwhichIwasthenengaged:"AHistoryoftheWarfareofSciencewithTheology。"
Butin1892cameasurprise。InthereminiscencesofmypoliticallifeIhavegivenanaccountofavisit，withTheodoreRoosevelt，CabotLodge，ShermanRogers，andothers，toPresidentHarrisonattheWhiteHouse，andofsomeveryplaintalk，onbothsides，relatingtowhatwethoughtshortcomingsoftheadministrationinregardtoreforminthecivilservice。AlthoughPresidentHarrisongreatlyimpressedmeatthetimebytheclearnessandstrengthofhisutterances，mylastexpectationintheworldwouldhavebeenofanythinginthenatureofanappointmentfromhim。Highofficialsdonotgenerallythinkverywellofpeoplewhocommentunfavorablyontheirdoingsorgivethemunpleasantadvice;thisIhaddone，tothebestofmyability，inaddressingthePresident;andgreat，therefore，wasmyastonishmentwhen，in1892，hetenderedmethepostofministerplenipotentiaryatSt。
Petersburg。
OnmywayIstoppedinLondon，andsawvariousinterestingpeople，butespeciallyrememberaluncheonwithLordRothschild，withwhomIhadaveryinterestingtalkaboutthetreatmentoftheJewsinRussia。Heseemedtofeeldeeplythepersecutiontowhichtheyweresubjected，——speakingwithmuchforceregardingit，andinsistingthattheirmaincrimewasthattheyweresober，thoughtful，andthrifty;thatastothechargethattheywerepreyingupontheagriculturalpopulation，theypreyeduponitasdotheQuakersinEngland——byowningagriculturalmachinesandlettingthemout;thatastothechargeofusury，theyweremuchlessexactingthanmanyChristians;andthatthemaineffortuponpublicopinionthere，suchasitis，shouldbeinthedirectionofpreventingthemakingofmoreseverelaws。HeincidentallyreferredtothemoneypowerofEuropeasagainstRussia，speakingofAlexanderIIaskindandjust，butofAlexanderIIIasreallyunacquaintedwiththegreatquestionsconcerned，andundercontrolofthechurch。
IconfessthatIamamazed，asIrevisethischapter，tolearnfromapparentlytrustworthysourcesthathisbankisnowmakingavastloantoRussia——toenablehertorenewheroldtreatmentofJapan，China，Armenia，Finland，Poland，theBalticProvinces，andherJewishresidents。Icanthinkofnothingsosuretostrengthentheanti—Semitesthroughouttheworld。
AfewdayslaterSirJulianGoldschmidtcametomeonthesamesubject，andheimpressedmemuchmoredeeplythantheheadofthehouseofRothschildhaddone。Therewasnothingoftheennobledmillionaireabouthim;heseemedtomeagentlemanfromtheheartoutward。PresentingwithmuchfeelingthedisabilitiesandhardshipsoftheJewsinRussia，hedweltuponthediscriminationsagainstthem，especiallyinthematterofmilitaryfines;theirgradualandfinalexclusionfromprofessions;andtheconfiscationoftheirpropertyatMoscow，wheretheyhadbeenforcedtoleavethecityandthereforetorealizeontheirwholeestatesatafewdays’notice。
AtParisIalsohadsomeinterestingconversations，regardingmynewpost，withtheVicomtedeVogue，theeminentacademician，whohaswrittensomuchthatisinterestingonRussia。BothheandStruve，theRussianministeratWashington，whohadgivenmealettertohim，hadmarriedintotheAnnenkofffamily;andIfoundhisknowledgeofRussia，owingtothisfactaswellastohisformerdiplomaticresidencethere，verysuggestive。AnotherinterestingepisodewasthefuneralofRenanattheCollegedeFrance，towhichourminister，Mr。Coolidge，tookme。Eloquenttributeswerepaid，andthewholeceremonywasimpressiveaftertheFrenchmanner。
DiningwithMr。Coolidge，IfoundmyselfseatedneartheDuchessedelaRochefoucauld，——acharmingAmerican，thedaughterofMr。
Mitchell，formersenatorfromOregon。Thedukeseemedtobeaquiet，manlyyoungofficer，devotedtohisdutiesinthearmy;
butitwashardtorealizeinhimthesuccessorofthegreatduke，thefriendofWashingtonandofLouisXVI，whoshowedhimselfsobroad—mindedduringourWarofIndependenceandtheFrenchRevolution。
AtBerlinImetseveralofmyoldfriendsatthetableofourminister，myfriendofYaledays，WilliamWalterPhelps——amongtheseVirchow，ProfessorvonLeyden，PaulMeyerheim，CarlBecker，andTheodorBarth;andattheRussianEmbassyhadaninterestingtalkwithCountShuvaloff，moreespeciallyontheBehringSeaquestion。WeagreedthattheinterestsoftheUnitedStatesandRussiainthematterwereidentical。
Onthe4thofNovemberIarrivedinSt。Petersburgafteranabsenceofthirty—sevenyears。Eveninthatcountry，whereeverythingmovessoslowly，therehadclearlybeenchanges;themostevidentofthesebeingtherailwayfromthefrontier。AtmyformervisitthejourneyfromBerlinhadrequiredninedaysandninenightsofsteadytravel，mainlyinanarrowpost—coach;nowitwaseasilydoneinonedayandtwonightsinverycomfortablecars。AtthatfirstvisittheentirerailwaysystemofRussia，withtheexceptionoftheroadfromthecapitaltoGatshinaonlyafewmileslong，consistedofthelinetoMoscow;atthissecondvisitthesystemhadspreadverylargelyovertheempire，andwasrapidlyextendingthroughSiberiaandNorthernChinatothePacific。
ButthedeadeninginfluenceofthewholeRussiansystemwasevident。PersonswhoclamorforgovernmentalcontrolofAmericanrailwaysshouldvisitGermany，andaboveallRussia，toseehowsuchcontrolresults。InGermanyitsdefectsareevidentenough;
peoplearemadetotravelincarriageswhichourmainlineswouldnotthinkofusing，andwithalackofconvenienceswhichwithuswouldprovokearevolt;butthemostamazingthingaboutthisadministrationinRussiaistoseehow，afterallthisvastexpenditure，thewholeatmosphereofthecountryseemstoparalyzeenergy。DuringmystayatSt。PetersburgItraveledoverthelinebetweenthatcityandBerlinsixoreighttimes，andthoughtherewasusuallybutoneexpress—trainaday，Ineversawmorethantwentyorthirtythroughpassengers。Whenonebearsinmindthefactthatthisroadisthemainarteryconnectingonehundredandtwentymillionsofpeopleatoneendwithovertwohundredmillionsattheother，thisseemsamazing;butstillmoresowhenoneconsidersthatin。theUnitedStates，withapopulationof，say，eightymillionsinall，wehavefivegreattrunk—linesacrossthecontinent，eachrunninglargeexpress—trainsseveraltimesaday。
TherewasapparentlylittlechangeasregardsenterpriseinRussia，whatevertheremightbeasregardedfacilitiesfortravel。St。Petersburghadgrown，ofcourse。Therewerenewstreetsinthesuburbs，andwheretheoldadmiraltywharveshadstood，——forthespaceofperhapsaneighthofamilealongtheNeva，——finebuildingshadbeenerected。Buttheseweretheonlyevidentchanges，therenownedNevskiiProspektremainingasformerly——alonglineofstuccoedhousesoneitherside，almostallpoorinarchitecture;andthestreetitselfthesameunkempt，shabby，commonplacethoroughfareasofold。NonewbridgehadbeenbuiltacrosstheNevaforfortyyears。Therewasstillbutonepermanentstructurespanningtheriver，andthegreatstreamoftravelandtrafficbetweenthetwopartsofthecitywasdependentmainlyonthebridgesofboats，which，atthebreakingoftheiceinthespring，hadsometimestobewithdrawnduringmanydays。
Achangehadindeedbeenbroughtbytheemancipationoftheserfs，buttherewaslittleoutwardsignofit。Themuzhikremained，toallappearance，whathewasbefore:infact，asourtraindrewintoSt。Petersburg，thepeasants，withtheirsheepskincaftans，croppedhair，andstupidfaces，broughtbacktheoldimpressionssovividlythatIseemednottohavebeenabsentaweek。Theoldatmosphereofrepressionwasevidenteverywhere。IhadbegunmyexperienceofitunderNicholasI，hadseenamoreliberalpolicyunderAlexanderII，butnowfoundarecurrenceofreaction，andeverywhereapressurewhichdeadenedalleffortsatinitiatingabetterconditionofthings。
ButIsoonfoundonechangeforthebetter。DuringmyformerstayunderNicholasIandAlexanderII，theairwasfullofchargesofswindlingandcheateryagainstthemainmenatcourt。Nownexttonothingofthatsortwasheard;itwasevidentthatAlexanderIII，narrowandilliberalthoughhemightbe，wasanhonestman，anddeterminedtoendthesortofthingthathaddisgracedthereignsofhisfatherandgrandfather。
HavingmadetheusualvisittotheForeignOfficeuponmyarrival，Iwasaccompaniedthreedayslaterbytheproperofficials，PrinceSoltykoffandM。deKoniar，onaspecialtraintoGatchina，andtherereceivedbyth...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：