Anotherfamiliarfactthatteachesthesamelessonisthatmanywomenwhohavevoluntarilyattainedahighdegreeofculturecannotadduptheirownhousekeepingbooks，thoughtheireducationinsimplearithmeticwascompulsory，whereastheirhighereducationhasbeenwhollyvoluntary。Everywherewefindthesameresult。Theimprisonment，thebeating，thetamingandlaming，thebreakingofyoungspirits，thearrestofdevelopment，theatrophyofallinhibitivepowerexceptthepoweroffear，arereal:theeducationissham。Thosewhohavebeentaughtmostknowleast。
　　AntichristAmongtheworsteffectsoftheunnaturalsegregationofchildreninschoolsandtheequallyunnaturalconstantassociationofthemwithadultsinthefamilyistheutterdefeatofthevitalelementinChristianity。Christstandsintheworldforthatintuitionofthehighesthumanitythatwe，beingmembersoneofanother，mustnotcomplain，mustnotscold，mustnotstrike，norrevilenorpersecutenorrevengenorpunish。Nowfamilylifeandschoollifeare，asfarasthemoraltrainingofchildrenisconcerned，nothingbutthedeliberateinculcationofaroutineofcomplaint，scolding，punishment，persecution，andrevengeasthenaturalandonlypossiblewayofdealingwithevilorinconvenience。
　　"Aintnobodytobewhoppedforthishere?"exclaimedSamWellerwhenhesawhisemployer'snamewrittenuponastagecoach，andconceivedthephenomenonasaninsultwhichreflectedonhimself。ThisexclamationofSamWellerisatoncethenegationofChristianityandthebeginningandtheendofcurrentmorality；andsoitwillremainaslongasthefamilyandtheschoolpersistasweknowthem:thatis，aslongastherightsofchildrenaresoutterlydeniedthatnobodywilleventakethetroubletoascertainwhattheyare，andcomingofageisliketheturningofaconvictintothestreetaftertwenty-oneyearspenalservitude。
　　Indeeditisworse；fortheconvictmayhavelearntbeforehisconvictionhowtoliveinfreedomandmayrememberhowtosetaboutit，howeverlamedhispowersoffreedommayhavebecomethroughdisuse；butthechildknowsnootherwayoflifebuttheslave'sway。
　　Bornfree，asRousseausays，hehasbeenlaidhandsonbyslavesfromthemomentofhisbirthandbroughtupasaslave。Howishe，whenheisatlastsetfree，tobeanythingelsethantheslaveheactuallyis，clamoringforwar，forthelash，forpolice，prisons，andscaffoldsinawildpanicofdelusionthatwithoutthesethingsheislost。Thegrown-upEnglishmanistotheendofhisdaysabadlybrought-upchild，beyondbeliefquarrelsome，petulant，selfish，destructive，andcowardly:afraidthattheGermanswillcomeandenslavehim；thattheburglarwillcomeandrobhim；thatthebicycleormotorcarwillrunoverhim；thatthesmallpoxwillattackhim；andthatthedevilwillrunawaywithhimandemptyhimout
　　likeasackofcoalsonablazingfireunlesshisnurseorhisparentsorhisschoolmasterorhisbishoporhisjudgeorhisarmyorhisnavywilldosomethingtofrightenthesebadthingsaway。AndthisEnglishman，withoutthemoralcourageofalouse，willriskhisneckforfunfiftytimeseverywinterinthehuntingfield，andatBadajossiegesandthelikewillramhisheadintoaholebristlingwithswordbladesratherthanbebeatenintheonedepartmentinwhichhehasbeenbroughtuptoconsulthisownhonor。AsaSportsmanandwarisfundamentallythesportofhuntingandfightingthemostdangerousofthebeastsofpreyhefeelsfree。Hewilltellyouhimselfthatthetruesportsmanisneverasnob，acoward，aduffer，acheat，athief，oraliar。
　　Curious，isitnot，thathehasnotthesameconfidenceinothersortsofman?
　　Andevensportislosingitsfreedom。Sooneverybodywillbeschooled，mentallyandphysically，fromthecradletotheendofthetermofadultcompulsorymilitaryservice，andfinallyofcompulsorycivilservicelastinguntiltheageofsuperannuation。Alwaysmoreschooling，morecompulsion。Wearetobecuredbyanexcessofthedosethathaspoisonedus。SatanistocastoutSatan。
　　UndertheWhipClearlythiswillnotdo。Wemustreconcileeducationwithliberty。
　　Wemustfindoutsomemeansofmakingmenworkersand，ifneedbe，warriors，withoutmakingthemslaves。Wemustcultivatethenoblevirtuesthathavetheirrootinpride。Nownoschoolmasterwillteachtheseanymorethanaprisongovernorwillteachhisprisonershowtomutinyandescape。Self-preservationforceshimtobreakthespiritthatrevoltsagainsthim，andtoinculcatesubmission，eventoobsceneassault，asaduty。AbishoponcehadthehardihoodtosaythathewouldratherseeEnglandfreethanEnglandsober。NobodyhasyetdaredtosaythathewouldratherseeanEnglandofignoramusesthananEnglandofcowardsandslaves。Andifanyonedid，itwouldbenecessarytopointoutthattheantithesisisnotapracticalone，aswehavegotatpresentanEnglandofignoramuseswhoarealsocowardsandslaves，andextremelyproudofitatthat，becauseinschooltheyaretaughttosubmit，withwhattheyridiculouslycallOrientalfatalismasifanyOrientalhaseversubmittedmorehelplesslyandsheepishlytorobberyandoppressionthanweOccidentalsdo，tobedrivendayafterdayintocompoundsandsettothetaskstheyloathebythementheyhateandfear，asifthis
　　weretheinevitabledestinyofmankind。Andnaturally，whentheygrowup，theyhelplesslyexchangetheprisonoftheschoolfortheprisonofthemineortheworkshoportheoffice，anddrudgealongstupidlyandmiserably，withjustenoughgregariousinstincttoturnfuriouslyonanyintelligentpersonwhoproposesachange。ItwouldbequiteeasytomakeEnglandaparadise，accordingtoourpresentideas，inafewyears。Thereisnomysteryaboutit:thewayhasbeenpointedoutoverandoveragain。Thedifficultyisnotthewaybutthewill。Andwehavenowillbecausethefirstthingdonewithusinchildhoodwastobreakourwill。CananythingbemoredisgustingthanthespectacleofanationreadingthebiographyofGladstoneandgloatingovertheaccountofhowhewasfloggedatEton，twoofhisschoolfellowsbeingcompelledtoholdhimdownwhilsthewasflogged。NotlongagoapublicbodyinEnglandhadtodealwiththecaseofaschoolmasterwho，conceivinghimselfinsultedbythesmokingofacigaretagainsthisordersbyapupileighteenyearsold，proposedtofloghimpubliclyasasatisfactiontowhathecalledhishonorandauthority。
　　Ihadintendedtogivetheparticularsofthisease，butfindthedrudgeryofrepeatingsuchstufftoosickening，andtheeffectunjusttoamanwhowasdoingonlywhatothersalloverthecountryweredoingaspartoftheestablishedroutineofwhatiscallededucation。
　　Theastoundingpartofitwasthemannerinwhichthepersontowhomthisoutrageondecencyseemedquiteproperandnaturalclaimedtobeafunctionaryofhighcharacter，andhadhisclaimallowed。InJapanhewouldhardlyhavebeenallowedtheprivilegeofcommittingsuicide。
　　Whatistobesaidofaprofessioninwhichsuchobscenitiesaremadepointsofhonor，orofinstitutionsinwhichtheyareanacceptedpartofthedailyroutine?Wholesomepeoplewouldnotargueaboutthetasteofsuchnastinesses:theywouldspitthemout；butwearetaintedwithflagellomaniafromourchildhood。Whenwillwerealizethatthefactthatwecanbecomeaccustomedtoanything，howeverdisgustingatfirst，makesitnecessaryforustoexaminecarefullyeverythingwehavebecomeaccustomedto?Beforemotorcarsbecamecommon，necessityhadaccustomedustoafoulnessinourstreetswhichwouldhavehorrifiedushadthestreetbeenourdrawing-roomcarpet。
　　Beforelongweshallbeasparticularaboutourstreetsaswenowareaboutourcarpets；andtheirconditioninthenineteenthcenturywillbecomeasforgottenandincredibleastheconditionofthecorridorsofpalacesandthecourtsofcastleswasaslateastheeighteenthcentury。Thisfoulness，wecanplead，wasimposedonusasanecessitybytheuseofhorsesandofhugeretinues；butflogginghasneverbeensoimposed:ithasalwaysbeenavice，cravedforonanypretextbythosedepravedbyit。Boyswerefloggedwhencriminalswerehanged，toimpresstheawfulwarningonthem。Boyswerefloggedatboundaries，toimpresstheboundariesontheirmemory。Othermethodsandotherpunishmentswerealwaysavailable:thechoiceofthisonebetrayedthesensualimpulsewhichmakesthepracticeanabomination。Butwhenitsviciousnessmadeitcustomary，itwaspractisedandtoleratedonallhandsbypeoplewhowereinnocentofanythingworsethanstupidity，illtemper，andinabilitytodiscoverothermethodsofmaintainingorderthanthosetheyhadalwaysseenpractisedandapprovedof。Fromchildrenandanimalsitextendedtoslavesandcriminals。InthedaysofMosesitwaslimitedto39
　　lashes。Intheearlynineteenthcenturyithadbecomeanopenmadness:soldiersweresentencedtoathousandlashesfortriflingoffences，withtheresultamongotherslessmentionablethattheIronDukeofWellingtoncomplainedthatitwasimpossibletogetanorderobeyedintheBritisharmyexceptintwoorthreecrackregiments。Suchfranticexcessesofthisdisgustingneurosisprovokedareactionagainstit；buttheclamorforitbydepravedpersonsneverceased，andwastoleratedbyanationtrainedtoitfromchildhoodintheschoolsuntillastyear1913，wheninwhatmustbedescribedasaparoxysmofsexualexcitementprovokedbytheagitationconcerningtheWhiteSlaveTrafficthepurelycommercialnatureofwhichIwaspreventedfromexposingonthestagebytheCensorshiptwentyyearsagotheGovernmentyieldedtoanoutcryforflagellationledbytheArchbishopofCanterbury，andpassedanActunderwhichajudgecansentenceamantobefloggedtotheutmostextremitywithanyinstrumentusableforsuchapurposethathecarestoprescribe。SuchanActisnotalegislativephenomenonbutapsychopathicone。ItseffectontheWhiteSlaveTrafficwas，ofcourse，todistractpublicattentionfromitsrealcauseandfromthepeoplewhoreallyprofitbyittoimaginary"foreignscoundrels，"andtosecureamonopolyofitsorganizationforwomen。
　　Andallthisevilismadepossiblebytheschoolmasterwithhiscaneandbirch，bytheparentsgettingridasbesttheycanofthenuisanceofchildrenmakingnoiseandmischiefinthehouse，andbythedenialtochildrenoftheelementaryrightsofhumanbeings。
　　Thefirstmanwhoenslavedand"brokein"ananimalwithawhipwouldhaveinventedtheexplosionengineinsteadcouldhehaveforeseenthecursehewaslayingonhisrace。Formenandwomenlearnttherebytoenslaveandbreakintheirchildrenbythesamemeans。Thesechildren，grownup，knewnoothermethodsoftraining。Finallytheevilthatwasdoneforgainbythegreedywasrefinedonanddoneforpleasurebythelustful。Flogginghasbecomeapleasurepurchasableinourstreets，andinhibitionagrown-uphabitthatchildrenplayat。
　　"Goandseewhatbabyisdoing；andtellhimhemustnt"isthelastwordofthenursery；andthegrimmestaspectofitisthatitwasfirstformulatedbyacomicpaperasacapitaljoke。
　　TechnicalInstructionTechnicalinstructiontemptstoviolenceasashortcutmorethanliberaleducation。ThesailorinMrRudyardKipling'sCaptainsCourageous，teachingtheboythenamesoftheship'stacklewitharope'send，doesnotdisgustusasourschoolmastersdo，especiallyastheboywasaspoiledboy。Butanunspoiledboywouldnothaveneededthatdrasticmedicine。Technicaltrainingmaybeastediousaslearningtoskateortoplaythepianoorviolin；butitisthepriceonemustpaytoachievecertaindesirableresultsornecessaryends。
　　ItisamonstrousthingtoforceachildtolearnLatinorGreekormathematicsonthegroundthattheyareanindispensablegymnasticforthementalpowers。Itwouldbemonstrousevenifitweretrue；forthereisnolaborthatmightnotbeimposedonachildoranadultonthesamepretext；butasaglanceattheaverageproductsofourpublicschoolanduniversityeducationshewsthatitisnottrue，itneednottroubleus。ButitisafactthatignoranceofLatinandGreekandmathematicsclosescertaincareerstomenIdonotmeanartificial，unnecessary，noxiouscareerslikethoseofthecommercialschoolmaster。Languages，evendeadones，havetheiruses；and，asitseemstomanyofus，mathematicshavetheiruses。Theywillalwaysbelearnedbypeoplewhowanttolearnthem；andpeoplewillalwayswanttolearnthemaslongastheyareofanyimportanceinlife:indeedthewantwillsurvivetheirimportance:superstitionisnowherestrongerthaninthefieldofobsoleteacquirements。Andtheywillneverbelearntfruitfullybypeoplewhodonotwanttolearnthemeitherfortheirownsakeorforuseinnecessarywork。Thereisnoharderschoolmasterthanexperience；andyetexperiencefailstoteachwherethereisnodesiretolearn。
　　Still，onemustnotbegintoapplythisgeneralizationtooearly。Andthisbringsmetoanimportantfactorinthecase:thefactorofevolution。
　　DocilityandDependenceIfanyone，impressedbymyviewthattherightsofachildarepreciselythoseofanadult，proceedstotreatachildasifitwereanadult，heorshewillfindthatthoughtheplanwillworkmuchbetteratsomepointsthantheusualplan，atothersitwillnotworkatall；andthisdiscoverymayprovokehimtoturnbackfromthewholeconceptionofchildren'srightswithajestattheexpenseofbachelors'andoldmaids'children。Indealingwithchildrenwhatisneededisnotlogicbutsense。Thereisnologicalreasonwhyyoungpersonsshouldbeallowedgreatercontroloftheirpropertythedayaftertheyaretwenty-onethanthedaybeforeit。ThereisnologicalreasonwhyI
　　whostronglyobjecttoanadultstandingoveraboyoftenwithaLatingrammar，andsaying，"youmustlearnthis，whetheryouwanttoornot，"shouldneverthelessbequitepreparedtostandoveraboyoffivewiththemultiplicationtableoracopybookoracodeofelementarygoodmanners，andpracticeonhisdocilitytomakehimlearnthem。AndthereisnologicalreasonwhyIshoulddoforachildagreatmanylittleoffices，someofthemtroublesomeanddisagreeable，whichIshouldnotdoforaboytwiceitsage，orsupportaboyorgirlwhenIwouldunhesitatinglythrowanadultonhisownresources。Buttherearepracticalreasons，andsensiblereasons，andaffectionatereasonsforalltheseillogicalities。
　　Childrendonotwanttobetreatedaltogetherasadults:suchtreatmentterrifiesthemandover-burdensthemwithresponsibility。
　　Intruth，veryfewadultscaretobecalledonforindependenceandoriginality:theyalsoarebewilderedandterrifiedintheabsenceofprecedentsandpreceptsandcommandments；butmodernDemocracyallowsthemasanctioningandcancellingpoweriftheyarecapableofusingit，whichchildrenarenot。Totreatachildwhollyasanadultwouldbetomockanddestroyit。Infantiledocilityandjuveniledependenceare，likedeath，aproductofNaturalSelection；andthoughthereisnovilercrimethantoabusethem，yetthereisnogreatercrueltythantoignorethem。IhavecomplainedsufficientlyofwhatI
　　sufferedthroughtheprocessofassault，imprisonment，andcompulsorylessonsthattaughtmenothing，whicharecalledmyschooling。ButI
　　couldsayagooddealalsoaboutthethingsIwasnottaughtandshouldhavebeentaught，nottomentionthethingsIwasallowedtodowhichIshouldnothavebeenallowedtodo。Ihavenorecollectionofbeingtaughttoreadorwrite；soIpresumeIwasbornwithbothfaculties；butmanypeopleseemtohavebitterrecollectionsofbeingforcedreluctantlytoacquirethem。AndthoughIhavetheuttermostcontemptforateachersoillmanneredandincompetentastobeunabletomakeachildlearntoreadandwritewithoutalsomakingitcry，stillIampreparedtoadmitthatIhadratherhavebeencompelledtolearntoreadandwritewithtearsbyanincompetentandillmanneredpersonthanleftinignorance。Reading，writing，andenougharithmetictousemoneyhonestlyandaccurately，togetherwiththerudimentsoflawandorder，becomenecessaryconditionsofachild'slibertybeforeitcanappreciatetheimportanceofitsliberty，orforeseethattheseaccomplishmentsareworthacquiring。Naturehasprovidedforthisbyevolvingtheinstinctofdocility。Childrenareverydocile:theyhaveasoundintuitionthattheymustdowhattheyaretoldorperish。Andadultshaveanintuition，equallysound，thattheymusttakeadvantageofthisdocilitytoteachchildrenhowtoliveproperlyorthechildrenwillnotsurvive。Thedifficultyistoknowwheretostop。Toillustratethis，letusconsiderthemaindangerofchildishdocilityandparentalofficiousness。
　　TheAbuseofDocilityDocilitymaysurviveasalazyhabitlongafterithasceasedtobeabeneficial
　　instinct。Ifyoucatchachildwhenitisyoungenoughtobeinstinctivelydocile，andkeepitinaconditionofunremittedtutelageunderthenurserymaid，thegoverness，thepreparatoryschool，thesecondaryschool，andtheuniversity，untilitisanadult，youwillproduce，notaself-reliant，free，fullymaturedhumanbeing，butagrown-upschoolboyorschoolgirl，capableofnothinginthewayoforiginalorindependentactionexceptoutburstsofnaughtinessinthewomenandblackguardisminthemen。Thatisexactlywhatwegetatpresentinourrichandconsequentlygoverningclasses:theypassfromjuvenilitytosenilitywithoutevertouchingmaturityexceptinbody。Theclasseswhichcannotaffordthissustainedtutelagearenotablymoreself-reliantandgrown-up:anofficeboyoffifteenisoftenmoreofamanthanauniversitystudentoftwenty。
　　Unfortunatelythisprecocityisdisabledbypoverty，ignorance，narrowness，andahideouspoweroflivingwithoutartorloveorbeautyandbeingratherproudofit。Thepoorneverescapefromservitude:theirdocilityispreservedbytheirslavery。Andsoallbecomethepreyofthegreedy，theselfish，thedomineering，theunscrupulous，thepredatory。
　　Ifhereandthereanindividualrefusestobedocile，tendocilepersonswillbeathimorlockhimuporshoothimorhanghimatthebiddingofhisoppressorsandtheirown。Thecruxofthewholedifficultyaboutparents，schoolmasters，priests，absolutemonarchs，anddespotsofeverysort，isthetendencytoabusenaturaldocility。Anationshouldalwaysbehealthilyrebellious；butthekingorprimeministerhasyettobefoundwhowillmaketroublebycultivatingthatsideofthenationalspirit。Achildshouldbegintoassertitselfearly，andshiftforitselfmoreandmorenotonlyinwashinganddressingitself，butinopinionsandconduct；yetasnothingissoexasperatingandsounlovableasanuppishchild，itisuselesstoexpectparentsandschoolmasterstoinculcatethisuppishness。SuchunamiablepreceptsasAlwayscontradictanauthoritativestatement，Alwaysreturnablow，Neverloseachanceofagoodfight，Whenyouarescoldedforamistakeaskthepersonwhoscoldsyouwhetherheorshesupposesyoudiditonpurpose，andfollowthequestionwithabloworaninsultorsomeotherunmistakableexpressionofresentment，Rememberthattheprogressoftheworlddependsonyourknowingbetterthanyourelders，arejustasimportantasthoseofTheSermonontheMount；butnoonehasyetseenthemwrittenupinlettersofgoldinaschoolroomornursery。Thechildistaughttobekind，toberespectful，tobequiet，not
　　toanswerback，tobetruthfulwhenitselderswanttofindoutanythingfromit，toliewhenthetruthwouldshockorhurtitselders，tobeaboveallthingsobedient，andtobeseenandnotheard。Herewehavetwosetsofprecepts，eachwarrantedtospoilachildhopelesslyiftheotherbeomitted。Unfortunatelywedonotallowfairplaybetweenthem。Therebellious，intractable，aggressive，selfishsetprovokeacorrectiveresistance，anddonotpretendtohighmoralorreligioussanctions；andtheyareneverurgedbygrown-uppeopleonyoungpeople。Theyarethereforemoreindangerofneglectorsuppressionthantheotherset，whichhavealltheadults，allthelaws，allthereligionsontheirside。Howisthechildtobesecureditsdueshareofbothbodiesofdoctrine?
　　TheSchoolboyandtheHomeboyInpracticewhathappensisthatparentsnoticethatboysbroughtupathomebecomemollycoddles，orprigs，orduffers，unabletotakecareofthemselves。Theyseethatboysshouldlearntoroughitalittleandtomixwithchildrenoftheirownage。Thisisnaturalenough。
　　Whenyouhavepreachedatandpunishedaboyuntilheisamoralcripple，youareasmuchhamperedbyhimasbyaphysicalcripple；andasyoudonotintendtohavehimonyourhandsallyourlife，andaregenerallyratherimpatientforthedaywhenhewillearnhisownlivingandleaveyoutoattendtoyourself，yousoonerorlaterbegintotalktohimabouttheneedforself-reliance，learningtothink，andsoforth，withtheresultthatyourvictim，bewilderedbyyourinconsistency，concludesthatthereisnousetryingtopleaseyou，andfallsintoanattitudeofsulkyresentment。Whichisanadditionalinducementtopackhimofftoschool。
　　Inschool，hefindshimselfinadualworld，undertwodispensations。
　　Thereistheworldoftheboys，wherethepointofhonoristobeuntameable，alwaysreadytofight，ruthlessintakingtheconceitoutofanyonewhoventurestogivehimselfairsofsuperiorknowledgeortaste，andgenerallytotakeLuciferforone'smodel。Andthereistheworldofthemasters，theworldofdiscipline，submission，diligence，obedience，andcontinualandshamelessassumptionofmoralandintellectualauthority。Thustheschoolboyhearsbothsides，andissofarbetteroffthanthehomebredboywhohearsonlyone。Butthetwosidesarenotfairlypresented。Theyarepresentedasgoodandevil，asviceandvirtue，asvillainyandheroism。Theboyfeelsmeanandcowardlywhenheobeys，andselfishandrascallywhenhedisobeys。Helooseshismoralcouragejustashecomestohatebooksandlanguages。Intheend，JohnRuskin，
　　tiedsoclosetohismother'sapron-stringthathedidnotescapeevenwhenhewenttoOxford，andJohnStuartMill，whosefatheroughttohavebeenprosecutedforlayinghisson'schildhoodwastewithlessons，weresuperior，asproductsoftraining，toourschoolboys。Theywereveryconspicuouslysuperiorinmoralcourage；andthoughtheydidnotdistinguishthemselvesatcricketandfootball，theyhadquiteasmuchphysicalhardihoodasanycivilizedmanneeds。ButitistobeobservedthatRuskin'sparentswerewisepeoplewhogaveJohnafullshareintheirownlife，andputupwithhispresencebothathomeandabroadwhentheymustsometimeshavebeenverywearyofhim；andMill，asithappens，wasdeliberatelyeducatedtochallengeallthemostsacredinstitutionsofhiscountry。ThehouseholdstheywerebroughtupinwerenomoreaveragehouseholdsthanaMontessorischoolisanaverageschool。
　　TheComingsofAgeofChildrenAllthisinculcatedadultdocility，whichwreckseverycivilizationasitiswreckingours，isinhumanandunnatural。WemustreconsiderourinstitutionoftheComingofAge，whichistoolateforsomepurposes，andtooearlyforothers。ThereshouldbeaseriesofComingofAgesforeveryindividual。Themammalshavetheirfirstcomingofagewhentheyareweaned；anditisnoteworthythatthisrathercruelandselfishoperationonthepartoftheparenthastobeperformedresolutely，withclawsandteeth；foryourlittlemammaldoesnotwanttobeweaned，andyieldsonlytoaprettyroughassertionoftherightoftheparenttoberelievedofthechildassoonasthechildisoldenoughtobeartheseparation。Thesamethingoccurswithchildren:
　　theyhangontothemother'sapron-stringandthefather'scoattailsaslongastheycan，oftenbafflingthosesensitiveparentswhoknowthatchildrenshouldthinkforthemselvesandfendforthemselves，butaretookindtothrowthemontheirownresourceswiththeferocityofthedomesticcat。Thechildshouldhaveitsfirstcomingofagewhenitisweaned，anotherwhenitcantalk，anotherwhenitcanwalk，anotherwhenitcandressitselfwithoutassistance；andwhenitcanread，write，countmoney，andpassanexaminationingoingasimpleerrandinvolvingapurchaseandajourneybyrailorotherpublicmethodoflocomotion，itshouldhavequiteamajority。Atpresentthechildrenoflaborersaresoonmobileandabletoshiftforthemselves，whereasitispossibletofindgrown-upwomenintherichclasseswhoareactuallyafraidto
　　takeawalkinthestreetsunattendedandunprotected。Itistruethatthisisasuperstitionfromthetimewhenaretinuewaspartofthestateofpersonsofquality，andtheunattendedpersonwassupposedtobeacommonpersonofnoquality，earningaliving；butthishasnowbecomesoabsurdthatchildrenandyoungwomenarenolongertoldwhytheyareforbiddentogoaboutalone，andhavetobepersuadedthatthestreetsaredangerousplaces，whichofcoursetheyare；butpeoplewhoarenoteducatedtolivedangerouslyhaveonlyhalfalife，andaremorelikelytodiemiserablyafterallthanthosewhohavetakenallthecommonrisksoffreedomfromtheirchildhoodonwardasmattersofcourse。