donotproposetobotheraboutasupplyofspecificgeniuswhichdoesnotexist，andwhich，ifitdidexist，couldoperateonlybyatoncerecognizingandestablishingtherightsofchildren。
　　WhatWeDoNotTeach，andWhyTomymind，aglanceatthesubjectsnowtaughtinschoolsoughttoconvinceanyreasonablepersonthattheobjectofthelessonsistokeepchildrenoutofmischief，andnottoqualifythemfortheirpartinlifeasresponsiblecitizensofafreeState。ItisnotpossibletomaintainfreedominanyState，nomatterhowperfectitsoriginalconstitution，unlessitspubliclyactivecitizensknowagooddealofconstitutionalhistory，law，andpoliticalscience，withitsbasisofeconomics。IfasmuchpainshadbeentakenacenturyagotomakeusallunderstandRicardo'slawofrentastolearnourcatechisms，thefaceoftheworldwouldhavebeenchangedforthebetter。Butforthatveryreasonthegreatestcareistakentokeepsuchbeneficiallysubversiveknowledgefromus，withtheresultthatinpubliclifeweareeitherplace-hunters，anarchists，orsheepshepherdedbywolves。
　　Butitwillbeobservedthatthesearehighlycontroversialsubjects。
　　Nownocontroversialsubjectcanbetaughtdogmatically。Hewhoknowsonlytheofficialsideofacontroversyknowslessthannothingofitsnature。Theableraschoolmasteris，themoredangerousheistohispupilsunlesstheyhavethefullestopportunityofhearinganotherequallyablepersondohisutmosttoshakehisauthorityandconvicthimoferror。
　　Atpresentsuchteachingisveryunpopular。Itdoesnotexistinschools；buteveryadultwhoderiveshisknowledgeofpublicaffairsfromthenewspaperscantakein，atthecostofanextrahalfpenny，twopapersofoppositepolitics。Yettheordinarymansodislikeshavinghismindunsettled，ashecallsit，thatheangrilyrefusestoallowapaperwhichdissentsfromhisviewstobebroughtintohishouse。Evenathisclubheresentsseeingit，andexcludesitifithappenstoruncountertotheopinionsofallthemembers。Theresultisthathisopinionsarenotworthconsidering。AchurchmanwhoneverreadsTheFreethinkerverysoonhasnomorerealreligionthantheatheistwhoneverreadsTheChurchTimes。Theattitudeisthesameinbothcases:theywanttohearnothinggoodoftheirenemies；
　　consequentlytheyremainenemiesandsufferfrombadbloodalltheirlives；whereasmenwhoknowtheiropponentsandunderstandtheircase，quitecommonlyrespectandlikethem，andalwayslearnsomethingfromthem。
　　Here，again，asatsomanypoints，wecomeupagainsttheabuseofschoolstokeeppeopleinignoranceanderror，sothattheymaybeincapableofsuccessfulrevoltagainsttheirindustrialslavery。Themostimportantsimplefundamentaleconomictruthtoimpressonachildincomplicatedcivilizationslikeoursisthetruththatwhoeverconsumesgoodsorserviceswithoutproducingbypersonalefforttheequivalentofwhatheorsheconsumes，inflictsonthecommunitypreciselythesameinjurythatathiefproduces，andwould，inanyhonestState，betreatedasathief，howeverfullhisorherpocketsmightbeofmoneymadebyotherpeople。Thenationthatfirstteachesitschildrenthattruth，insteadoffloggingthemiftheydiscoveritforthemselves，mayhavetofightalltheslavesofalltheothernationstobeginwith；butitwillbeatthemaseasilyasanunburdenedmanwithhishandsfreeandwithallhisenergiesinfullplaycanbeataninvalidwhohastocarryanotherinvalidonhisback。
　　This，however，isnotanevilproducedbythedenialofchildren'srights，norisitinherentinthenatureofschools。Imentionitonlybecauseitwouldbefollytocallforareformofourschoolswithouttakingaccountofthecorruptresistancewhichawaitsthereformer。
　　Awordmustalsobesaidabouttheoppositiontoreformofthevestedinterestoftheclassicalandcoerciveschoolmaster。He，poorwretch，hasnoothermeansoflivelihood；andreformwouldleavehimasaworkmanisnowleftwhenheissupersededbyamachine。Hehadthereforebetterdowhathecantogettheworkmancompensated，soastomakethepublicfamiliarwiththeideaofcompensationbeforehisownturncomes。
　　TabooinSchoolsThesuppressionofeconomicknowledge，disastrousasitis，isquiteintelligible，itscorruptmotivebeingasclearasthemotiveofaburglarforconcealinghisjemmyfromapoliceman。Buttheothergreatsuppressioninourschools，thesuppressionofthesubjectofsex，isacaseoftaboo。Inmankind，thelowerthetype，andthelesscultivatedthemind，thelesscouragethereistofaceimportantsubjectsobjectively。Theablestandmosthighlycultivatedpeoplecontinuallydiscussreligion，politics，andsex:itishardlyanexaggerationtosaythattheydiscussnothingelsewithfully-awakenedinterest。Commonerandlesscultivatedpeople，evenwhentheyformsocietiesfordiscussion，makearulethatpoliticsandreligionarenottobementioned，andtakeitforgrantedthatnodecentpersonwouldattempttodiscusssex。Thethreesubjectsarefearedbecausetheyrousethecrudepassionswhichcallforfuriousgratificationinmurderandrapineatworst，and，atbest，leadtoquarrelsandundesirablestatesofconsciousness。
　　Evenwhenthisexcuseofbadmanners，illtemper，andbrutishnessforthatiswhatitcomestocompelsustoacceptitfromthoseadultsamongwhompoliticalandtheologicaldiscussiondoesasamatteroffactleadtothedrawingofknivesandpistols，andsexdiscussionleadstoobscenity，ithasnoapplicationtochildrenexceptasanimperativereasonfortrainingthemtorespectotherpeople'sopinions，andtoinsistonrespectfortheirownintheseasinotherimportantmatterswhichareequallydangerous:forexample，money。
　　Andinanycasetherearedecisivereasons；superior，likethereasonsforsuspendingconventionalreticencesbetweendoctorandpatient，toallconsiderationsofmeredecorum，forgivingproperinstructioninthefactsofsex。Thosewhoobjecttoitnotcountingcoarsepeoplewhothoughtlesslyseizeeveryopportunityofaffectingandparadingafictitiousdelicacyare，ineffect，advocatingignoranceasasafeguardagainstprecocity。Ifignorancewerepracticabletherewouldbesomethingtobesaidforituptotheageatwhichignoranceisadangerinsteadofasafeguard。Evenasitis，itseemsundesirablethatanyspecialemphasisshouldbegiventothesubject，whetherbywayofdelicacyandpoetryortooimpressivewarning。Buttheplainfactisthatinrefusingtoallowthechildtobetaughtbyqualifiedunrelatedelderstheparentsshrinkfromthelesson，evenwhentheyareotherwisequalified，becausetheirownrelationtothechildmakesthesubjectimpossiblebetweenthemwearevirtuallyarrangingtohaveourchildrentaughtbyotherchildreninguiltysecretsanduncleanjests。Andthatsettlesthequestionforallsensiblepeople。
　　Thedogmaticobjection，thesheerinstinctivetaboowhichrulesthesubjectoutaltogetherasindecent，hasnoagelimit。Itmeansthatatnomatterwhatageawomanconsentstoaproposalofmarriage，sheshoulddosoinignoranceoftherelationsheisundertaking。Whenthisactuallyhappensandapparentlyitdoeshappenoftenerthanwouldseempossibleahorriblefraudisbeingpracticedonboththemanandthewoman。Heisledtobelievethatsheknowswhatsheispromising，andthatheisinnodangeroffindinghimselfboundtoawomantowhomheiseugenicallyantipathetic。Shecontemplatesnothingbutsuchaffectionaterelationsasmayexistbetweenherandhernearestkinsmen，andhasnoknowledge
　　oftheconditionwhich，ifnotforeseen，mustcomeasanamazingrevelationandadangerousshock，endingpossiblyinthediscoverythatthemarriagehasbeenanirreparablemistake。Nothingcanjustifysucharisk。Theremaybepeopleincapableofunderstandingthattherighttoknowallthereistoknowaboutoneselfisanaturalhumanrightthatsweepsawayallthepretencesofotherstotamperwithone'sconsciousnessinordertoproducewhattheychoosetoconsideragoodcharacter。Buttheymustherebowtotheplainmischievousnessofentrappingpeopleintocontractsonwhichthehappinessoftheirwholelivesdependswithoutlettingthemknowwhattheyareundertaking。
　　AllegedNoveltiesinModernSchoolsThereisjustonemorenuisancetobedisposedofbeforeIcometothepositivesideofmycase。Imeanthepersonwhotellsmethatmyschooldaysbelongtoabygoneorderofeducationalideasandinstitutions，andthatschoolsarenotnowabitlikemyoldschool。
　　Ireply，withSirWalterRaleigh，bycallingonmysoultogivethisstatementthelie。SomeyearsagoIlecturedinOxfordonthesubjectofEducation。AfriendtowhomImentionedmyintentionsaid，"Youknownothingofmoderneducation:schoolsarenotnowwhattheywerewhenyouwereaboy。"Iimmediatelyprocuredthetimesheetsofhalfadozenmodernschools，andfound，asIexpected，thattheymightallhavebeenmyoldschool:therewasnorealdifference。Imaymention，too，thatIhavevisitedmodernschools，andobservedthatthereisatendencytohangprintedpicturesinanuntidyandsoullessmanneronthewalls，andoccasionallytodisplayonthemantel-shelfadeplorableglasscasecontainingcertainobjectswhichmightpossibly，ifplacedinthehandsofthepupils，givethemsomepracticalexperienceoftheweightofapoundandthelengthofaninch。Andsometimesascoundrelwhohasrifledabird'snestorkilledaharmlesssnakeencouragesthechildrentogoanddolikewisebyputtinghisvictimsintoanimitationnestandbottleandexhibitingthemasaidsto"Naturestudy。"AsuggestionthatNatureisworthstudywouldcertainlyhavestaggeredmyschoolmasters；soperhapsI
　　mayadmitagleamofprogresshere。Butasanychildwhoattemptedtohandlethesedustyobjectswouldprobablybecaned，Idonotattachanyimportancetosuchmodernitiesinschoolfurniture。Theschoolremainswhatitwasinmyboyhood，becauseitsrealobjectremainswhatitwas。Andthatobject，Irepeat，istokeepthechildrenoutofmischief:mischiefmeaningforthemostpartworryingthegrown-ups。
　　WhatistobeDone?
　　Thepracticalquestion，then，iswhattodowiththechildren。
　　Toleratethemathomewewillnot。Letthemrunlooseinthestreetswedarenotuntilourstreetsbecomesafeplacesforchildren，which，toouruttershame，theyarenotatpresent，thoughtheycanhardlybeworsethansomehomesandsomeschools。
　　ThegrotesquedifficultyofmakingevenabeginningwasbroughthometomeinthelittlevillageinHertfordshirewhereIwritetheselinesbytheladyofthemanor，whoaskedmeveryproperlywhatIwasgoingtodoforthevillageschool。Ididnotknowwhattoreply。Astheschoolkeptthechildrenquietduringmyworkinghours，IdidnotforthesakeofmyownpersonalconvenmencewanttoblowitupwithdynamiteasIshouldliketoblowupmostschools。
　　SoIaskedforguidance。"Yououghttogiveaprize，"saidthelady。Iaskediftherewasaprizeforgoodconduct。AsIexpected，therewas:oneforthebest-behavedboyandanotherforthebest-behavedgirl。OnreflectionIofferedahandsomeprizefortheworst-behavedboyandgirlonconditionthatarecordshouldbekeptoftheirsubsequentcareersandcomparedwiththerecordsofthebest-behaved，inordertoascertainwhethertheschoolcriterionofgoodconductwasvalidoutofschool。Myofferwasrefusedbecauseitwouldnothavehadtheeffectofencouragingthechildrentogiveaslittletroubleaspossible，whichisofcoursetherealobjectofallconductprizesinschools。
　　Imustnotpretend，then，thatIhaveasystemreadytoreplacealltheothersystems。Obstructingthewayoftheproperorganizationofchildhood，asofeverythingelse，liesourridiculousmisdistributionofthenationalincome，withitsaccompanyingclassdistinctionsandimpositionofsnobberyonchildrenasanecessarypartoftheirsocialtraining。Theresultofoureconomicfollyisthatweareanationofundesirableacquaintances；andthefirstobjectofallourinstitutionsforchildrenissegregation。If，forexample，ourchildrenweresetfreetoroamandplayaboutastheypleased，theywouldhavetobepoliced；andthefirstdutyofthepoliceinaStatelikeourswouldbetoseethateverychildworeabadgeindicatingitsclassinsociety，andthateverychildseenspeakingtoanotherchildwithalower-classbadge，oranychildwearingahigherbadgethanthatallottedtoitby，say，theCollegeofHeralds，should
　　immediatelybeskinnedalivewithabirchrod。Itmightevenbeinsistedthatgirlswithhigh-classbadgesshouldbeattendedbyfootmen，grooms，orevenmilitaryescorts。Inshort，thereishardlyanylimittothefollieswithwhichourCommercialismwouldinfectanysystemthatitwouldtolerateatall。Butsomethinglikeachangeofheartisstillpossible；andsincealltheevilsofsnobberyandsegregationarerampantinourschoolsatpresentwemayaswellmakethebestastheworstofthem。
　　Children'sRightsandDutiesNowletusaskwhatareachild'srights，andwhataretherightsofsocietyoverthechild。Itsrights，beingclearlythoseofanyotherhumanbeing，aresummedupintherighttolive:thatis，tohavealltheconclusiveargumentsthatprovethatitwouldbebetterdead，thatitisachildofwrath，thatthepopulationisalreadyexcessive，thatthepainsoflifearegreaterthanitspleasures，thatitssacrificeinahospitalorlaboratoryexperimentmightsavemillionsoflives，etc。etc。etc。，putoutofthequestion，anditsexistenceacceptedasnecessaryandsacred，alltheoriestothecontrarynotwithstanding，whetherbyCalvinorSchopenhauerorPasteurorthenearestpersonwithatasteforinfanticide。Andthisrighttoliveincludes，andinfactis，therighttobewhatthechild
　　likesandcan，todowhatitlikesandcan，tomakewhatitlikesandcan，tothinkwhatitlikesandcan，tosmashwhatitdislikesandcan，andgenerallytobehaveinanaltogetherunaccountablemannerwithinthelimitsimposedbythesimilarrightsofitsneighbors。Andtherightsofsocietyoveritclearlyextendtorequiringittoqualifyitselftoliveinsocietywithoutwastingotherpeoplestime:thatis，itmustknowtherulesoftheroad，beabletoreadplacardsandproclamations，fillvotingpapers，composeandsendlettersandtelegrams，purchasefoodandclothingandrailwayticketsforitself，countmoneyandgiveandtakechange，and，generally，knowhowmanybeansmadefive。Itmustknowsomelaw，wereitonlyasimplesetofcommandments，somepoliticaleconomy，agricultureenoughtoshutthegatesoffieldswithcattleinthemandnottotrampleongrowingcrops，sanitationenoughnottodefileitshaunts，andreligionenoughtohavesomeideaofwhyitisalloweditsrightsandwhyitmustrespecttherightsofothers。Andtherestofitseducationmustconsistofanythingelseitcanpickup；forbeyondthissocietycannotgowithanycertainty，andindeedcanonlygothisfarratherapologeticallyandprovisionally，asdoingthebestitcanonveryuncertainground。
　　ShouldChildrenEarntheirLiving?
　　Nowcomesthequestionhowfarchildrenshouldbeaskedtocontributetothesupportofthecommunity。Inapproachingitwemustputasidetheconsiderationsthatnowinduceallhumaneandthoughtfulpoliticalstudentstoagitatefortheuncompromisingabolitionofchildlaborunderourcapitalistsystem。Itisnottheleastofthecursesofthatsystemthatitwillbequeathtofuturegenerationsamassoflegislationtopreventcapitalistsfrom"usingupninegenerationsofmeninonegeneration，"astheybeganbydoinguntiltheywererestrainedbylawatthesuggestionofRobertOwen，thefounderofEnglishSocialism。MostofthislegislationwillbecomeaninsufferablerestraintuponfreedomandvarietyofactionwhenCapitalismgoesthewayofDruidichumansacrificeamuchlessslaughterousinstitution。Thereiseveryreasonwhyachildshouldnotbeallowedtoworkforcommercialprofitorforthesupportofitsparentsattheexpenseofitsownfuture；butthereisnoreasonwhateverwhyachildshouldnotdosomeworkforitsownsakeandthatofthecommunityifitcanbeshewnthatbothitandthecommunitywillbethebetterforit。
　　Children'sHappinessAlsoitisimportanttoputthehappinessofthechildrenrathercarefullyinitsplace，whichisreallynotafrontplace。Theunsympathetic，selfish，hardpeoplewhoregardhappinessasaveryexceptionalindulgencetowhichchildrenarebynomeansentitled，thoughtheymaybeallowedaverylittleofitontheirbirthdaysoratChristmas，aresometimesbetterparentsineffectthanthosewhoimaginethatchildrenareascapableofhappinessasadults。Adultshabituallyexaggeratetheirowncapacityinthatdirectiongrossly；
　　yetmostadultscanstandanallowanceofhappinessthatwouldbequitethrownawayonchildren。Thesecretofbeingmiserableistohaveleisuretobotheraboutwhetheryouarehappyornot。Thecureforitisoccupation，becauseoccupationmeanspre-occupation；andthepre-occupiedpersonisneitherhappynorunhappy，butsimplyaliveandactive，whichispleasanterthananyhappinessuntilyouaretiredofit。Thatiswhyitisnecessarytohappinessthatoneshouldbetired。Musicafterdinnerispleasant:musicbeforebreakfastissounpleasantastobeclearlyunnatural。Topeoplewhoarenotoverworkedholidaysareanuisance。Topeoplewhoare，andwhocanaffordthem，theyareatroublesomenecessity。Aperpetualholidayisagoodworkingdefinitionofhell。
　　TheHorrorofthePerpetualHolidayItwillbesaidherethat，onthecontrary，heavenisalwaysconceivedasaperpetualholiday，andthatwhoeverisnotborntoanindependentincomeisstrivingforoneorlongingforonebecauseitgivesholidaysforlife。TowhichIreply，first，thatheaven，asconventionallyconceived，isaplacesoinane，sodull，souseless，somiserable，thatnobodyhaseverventuredtodescribeawholedayinheaven，thoughplentyofpeoplehavedescribedadayattheseaside；
　　andthatthegenuinepopularverdictonitisexpressedintheproverb"HeavenforholinessandHellforcompany。"Second，Ipointoutthatthewretchedpeoplewhohaveindependentincomesandnousefuloccupation，dothemostamazinglydisagreeableanddangerousthingstomakethemselvestiredandhungryintheevening。Whentheyarenotinvolvedinwhattheycallsport，theyaredoingaimlesslywhatotherpeoplehavetobepaidtodo:drivinghorsesandmotorcars；tryingondressesandwalkingupanddowntoshewthemoff；andactingasfootmenandhousemaidstoroyalpersonages。Thesoleandobviouscauseofthenotionthatidlenessisdelightfulandthatheavenisaplacewherethereisnothingtobedone，isourschoolsystemandourindustrialsystem。Theschoolisaprisoninwhichworkisapunishmentandacurse。
　　Inavowedprisons，hardlabor，theonlyalleviationofaprisoner'slot，istreatedasanaggravationofhispunishment；andeverythingpossibleisdonetointensifytheprisoner'sinculcatedandunnaturalnotionthatworkisanevil。Inindustryweareoverworkedandunderfedprisoners。Undersuchabsurdcircumstancesourjudgmentofthingsbecomesaspervertedasourhabits。Ifwewerehabituallyunderworkedandoverfed，ournotionofheavenwouldbeaplacewhereeverybodyworkedstrenuouslyfortwenty-fourhoursadayandnevergotanythingtoeat。
　　Oncerealizethataperpetualholidayisbeyondhumanendurance，andthat"Satanfindssomemischiefstillforidlehandstodo"anditwillbeseenthatwehavenorighttoimposeaperpetualholidayonchildren。Ifwedid，theywouldsoonoutdotheLaborPartyintheirclaimforaRighttoWorkBill。
　　Inanycasenochildshouldbebroughtuptosupposethatitsfoodandclothescomedownfromheavenoraremiraculouslyconjuredfromemptyspacebypapa。Loathsomeaswehavemadetheideaofdutyliketheideaofworkwemusthabituatechildrentoasenseofrepayableobligationtothecommunityforwhattheyconsumeandenjoy，andinculcatetherepaymentasapointofhonor。Ifwedidthattoday——andnothingbutflatdishonestypreventsusfromdoingit——weshouldhavenoidlerichandindeedprobablynorich，sincethereisnodistinctioninbeingrichifyouhavetopayscotandlotinpersonaleffortliketheworkingfolk。Therefore，ifforonlyhalfanhouraday，achildshoulddosomethingserviceabletothecommunity。
　　Productiveworkforchildrenhastheadvantagethatitsdisciplineisthedisciplineofimpersonalnecessity，notthatofwantonpersonalcoercion。Theeagernessofchildreninourindustrialdistrictstoescapefromschooltothefactoryisnotcausedbylightertasksorshorterhoursinthefactory，noraltogetherbythetemptationofwages，norevenbythedesirefornovelty，butbythedignityofadultwork，theexchangeofthefactitiouspersonaltyrannyoftheschoolmaster，fromwhichthegrown-upsarefree，forthesternbutentirelydignifiedLawsofLifetowhichallfleshissubject。
　　UniversitySchoolboyishnessOlderchildrenmightdoagooddealbeforebeginningtheircollegiateeducation。Whatisthematterwithouruniversitiesisthatallthestudentsareschoolboys，whereasitisoftheveryessenceofuniversityeducationthattheyshouldbemen。ThefunctionofauniversityisnottoteachthingsthatcannowbetaughtaswellorbetterbyUniversityExtensionlecturesorbyprivatetutorsormoderncorrespondenceclasseswithgramophones。Wegotothemtobesocialized；toacquirethehallmarkofcommunaltraining；tobecomecitizensoftheworldinsteadofinmatesoftheenlargedrabbithutcheswecallhomes；tolearnmannersandbecomeunchallengeableladiesandgentlemen。Thesocialpressurewhicheffectsthesechangesshouldbethatofpersonswhohavefacedthefullresponsibilitiesof
　　adultsasworkingmembersofthegeneralcommunity，notthatofabarbarousrabbleofhalfemancipatedschoolboysandunemancipablepedants。Itistruethatinareasonablestateofsocietythisoutsideexperiencewoulddoforusverycompletelywhattheuniversitydoesnowsocorruptlythatwetolerateitsbadmannersonlybecausetheyarebetterthannomannersatall。Buttheuniversitywillalwaysexistinsomeformasacommunityofpersonsdesirousofpushingtheirculturetothehighestpitchtheyarecapableof，notassolitarystudentsreadinginseclusion，butasmembersofabodyofindividualsallpursuingculture，talkingculture，thinkingculture，aboveall，criticizingculture。Ifsuchpersonsaretoreadandtalkandcriticizetoanypurpose，theymustknowtheworldoutsidetheuniversityatleastaswellastheshopkeeperintheHighStreetdoes。
　　Andthisisjustwhattheydonotknowatpresent。Youmaysayofthem，paraphrasingMr。Kipling，"WhatdotheyknowofPlatothatonlyPlatoknow?"Ifouruniversitieswouldexcludeeverybodywhohadnotearnedalivingbyhisorherownexertionsforatleastacoupleofyears，theireffectwouldbevastlyimproved。
　　TheNewLazinessThechildofthefuture，then，ifthereistobeanyfuturebutoneofdecay，willworkmoreorlessforitslivingfromanearlyage；andindoingsoitwillnotshockanyone，providedtherebenolongeranyreasontoassociatetheconceptionofchildrenworkingfortheirlivingwithinfantstoilinginafactoryfortenhoursadayorboysdrudgingfromninetosixundergaslampsinundergroundcityoffices。
　　Ladsandlassesintheirteenswillprobablybeabletoproduceasmuchasthemostexpensivepersonnowcostsinhisownpersonitisretinuethateatsupthebigincomewithoutworkingtoohardortoolongforquiteasmuchhappinessastheycanenjoy。Thequestiontobebalancedthenwillbe，nothowsoonpeopleshouldbeputtowork，buthowsoontheyshouldbereleasedfromanyobligationofthekind。
　　Alife'sworkislikeaday'swork:itcanbeginearlyandleaveoffearlyorbeginlateandleaveofflate，or，aswithus，begintooearlyandneverleaveoffatall，obviouslytheworstofallpossibleplans。Inanyeventwemustfinallyreckonwork，notasthecurseourschoolsandprisonsandcapitalistprofitfactoriesmakeitseemtoday，butasaprimenecessityofatolerableexistence。Andifwecannotdevisefreshwantsasfastaswedevelopthemeansofsupplyingthem，therewillcomeascarcityoftheneeded，cut-and-dried，appointedworkthatisalwaysreadytoeverybody'shand。Itmayhavetobesharedoutamongpeopleallofwhomwantmoreofit。Andthenanewsortoflazinesswillbecomethebugbearofsociety:thelazinessthatrefusestofacethementaltoilandadventureofmakingworkbyinventingnewideasorextending
　　thedomainofknowledge，andinsistsonaready-maderoutine。Itmaycometoforcingpeopletoretirebeforetheyarewillingtomakewayforyoungerones:thatis，todrivingallpersonsofacertainageoutofindustry，leavingthemtofindsomethingexperimentaltooccupythemonpainofperpetualholiday。Menwillthentrytospendtwentythousandayearforthesakeofhavingtoearnit。Insteadofbeingwhatwearenow，thecheapestandnastiestoftheanimals，weshallbethecostliest，mostfastidious，andbestbred。Inshort，thereisnoendtotheastonishingthingsthatmayhappenwhenthecurseofAdambecomesfirstablessingandthenanincurablehabit。Andinthatdaywemustnotgrudgechildrentheirshareofit。