Second。TheEnglishareblunterthanwe。Theytalktousastheywouldtalktothemselves。Thewaywetakeitrevealsthatwearetoooftenthin-skinned。Recentpeopleareapttobethin-skinnedandself-consciousandself-assertive，whilethosewithathousandyearsoftraditionwouldhavethickerhidesandwouldneverfeelitnecessarytoassertthemselves。GiveanEnglishmanasgoodashegivesyou，andyouarecertaintowinhisrespect，andprobablyhisregard。InthisconnectionseemyanecdoteabouttheTommiesandYankeeswhophysicallyfoughtitout，andcompareitwiththeSalisbury，thevanSquibber，andtheopiumtradeanecdotes。"Treat'emrough，"whentheytreatyourough:theylikeit。Only，besureyoudoitintherightway。
　　Third。Wedifferbecausewearealike。ThatAmericanwhostoodinthetheatrecomplainingaboutthesixpencehedidn'thavetopayathomeisexactlylikeEnglishmenIhaveseencomplainingabouttheunexpectedhere。Wesharenotonlythesamemother-tongue，weshareeveryotherfundamentalthinguponwhichourwelfarerestsandourlivesarecarriedon。Welikethesamethings，wehatethesamethings。Wehavethesamenotionsaboutjustice，law，conduct；aboutwhatamanshouldbe，aboutwhatawomanshouldbe。Itislikethemother-tongueweshare，yetspeakwithadifference。
　　Takethemother-tongueforaparableandsymbolofalltherest。Justastheword"girl"isidenticaltooursightbutnottoourhearing，andmeansoh!quitethesamethingthroughoutusallinallitsmeanings，sothatidentityofnaturewhichwesharecomesoftentothesurfaceindifferentguise。OurloquacityestrangestheEnglishman，hissilenceestrangesus。BehindthatsilencebeatstheEnglishheart，warm，constant，andtrue；noneotherlikeitonearth，exceptourownatitsbest，beatingbehindourloquacity。
　　Thusfarmyanecdotescarryme。Maytheyhelpsomereadertoabetterunderstandingofwhathehasmisunderstoodheretofore!
　　NoanecdotesthatIcanfindthoughIamsurethattheyaretobefound
　　willillustrateonedifferencebetweenthetwopeoples，verynoticeableto-day。Itisincreasing。AnEnglishmannotonlystickscloserthanabrothertohisownrights，herespectstherightsofhisneighborjustasstrictly。WeAmericansarelosingourgriponthis。Itisthebottomofthewholething。Itisthemoralkeystoneofdemocracy。Howsoeverwemaytalkaboutourownrightsto-day，wepaylessandlessrespecttothoseofourneighbors。Theresultisthatto-daythereismorelibertyinEnglandthanhere。Libertyconsistsanddependsuponrespectingyourneighbor'srightseverybitasfairlyandsquarelyasyourown。
　　Ontheotherhand，IwonderiftheEnglishareasgoodlosersasweare?
　　Hardlyanythingthattheycoulddowouldrubusmorethewrongwaythantodenytousthatfairplayinsportwhichtheyaccordeachother。I
　　shallnotmorethanmentionthematchbetweenourBeniciaBoyandtheirTomSayers。OfthistheEnglishversionisasdefectiveasourschool-bookaccountoftheRevolution。Ishallalsopassovervariousotherinternationaleventsthataresomewhatwellknown，andIwillillustratethepointwithananecdoteknowntobutafew。
　　CrossingtheoceanweresomeyoungEnglishandAmericans，whogotupaninternationaltug-of-war。Afriendofminewasanchorofourteam。Wehappenedtowin。Theydidn'ttakeitverywell。Oneofthemsaidtotheanchor:
　　"Doyouknowwhyyoupulledusovertheline?"
　　"No。"
　　"Becauseyouhadalltheblackguardsonyoursideoftheline。"
　　"Doyouknowwhywehadalltheblackguardsonoursideoftheline?"
　　inquiredtheAmerican。
　　"No。"
　　"Becausewepulledyouovertheline。"
　　InoneofmyanecdotesIusedthetermSamJohnsontodescribeanEnglishmanofacertaintype。Dr。SamuelJohnsonwasaverymarkedspecimenofthetype，andalmosttheonlyillustriousEnglishmanoflettersduringourRevolutionarytroubleswhowasnotourfriend。Rightdownthroughtheyearseversince，therehavebeenSamJohnsonswritingandsayingunfavorablethingsaboutus。TheTorymustbeeternal，asmuchastheWhigorLiberal；andbotharealwaysneeded。TherewillprobablyalwaysbeSamJohnsonsinEngland，justliketheonewhowasscandalizedbyourChicagopacking-housedisclosures。NolongeragothanJune1，1919，aSamJohnson，whowasdiscussingthePeaceTreaty，saidinmyhearing，inLondon:
　　"TheYankeesshouldn'thavebeenbroughtintoanyconsultation。TheyaidedandabettedGermany。"
　　InLittell'sLivingAgeofJuly20，1918，pages151-160，youmayreadaninterestingaccountofBritishwritersontheUnitedStates。Thebygoneoneswereprettypreposterous。Theysatirizedthenewnessofanewcountry。ItwaslikevisitingtheEsquimauxandcomplainingthattheygrewnopineapplesandworeskins。InLittellyouwillfindhowfewaretherecentSamJohnsonsascomparedwiththerecentfriendlywriters。Youwillalsoberemindedthatouranti-EnglishcomplexwasdiscernedgenerationsagobyWashingtonIrving。HesaidinhisSketchBookthatwritersinthiscountrywere"instillingangerandresentmentintothebosomofayouthfulnation，togrowwithitsgrowthandtostrengthenwithitsstrength。"
　　AndhequotesfromtheEnglishQuarterlyReview，whichinthatearlydayalreadywroteofAmericaandEngland:
　　"Thereisasacredbondbetweenusbybloodandbylanguagewhichnocircumstancescanbreak……Nationsaretooreadytoadmitthattheyhavenaturalenemies；whyshouldtheybelesswillingtobelievethattheyhavenaturalfriends?"
　　Itisweourselvesto-day，notEngland，thatarepushingfriendshipaway。
　　Itisourpoliticians，papers，andpropagandistswhoaremakingthetroubleandthenoise。InEnglandthewilltofriendshiprules，hasruledforalongwhile。Doesthewilltohaterulewithus?DowepreferGermany?DoweprefertheindependenceofIrelandtothepeaceoftheworld?
　　ChapterXVI:AnInternationalImpostureApartoftheIrishisaskingourvoiceandourgoldtohelpindependenceforthewholeoftheIrish。IndependenceisnotdesiredbythewholeoftheIrish。IrishmenofUlsterhaveplainlysaidso。Everybodyknowsthis。
　　RomanCatholicsthemselvesarenotunanimous。Onlysomeofthemdesireindependence。These，knownasSinnFein，appealtousfordeliverancefromtheirconquerorandoppressor；theydwellupontheoppressionofEnglandbeneathwhichIrelandisnowcrushed。TheyrefertoEngland'sbrutalandunjustifiableconquestoftheIrishnationsevenhundredandforty-eightyearsago。
　　Whatisthetruth，whatarethefacts?
　　Byhisbull"Laudabiliter，"in1155，PopeAdriantheFourthinvitedtheKingofEnglandtotakechargeofIreland。In1172PopeAlexandertheThirdconfirmedthisbyseveralletters，atpresentpreservedintheBlackBookoftheExchequer。Accordingly，HenrytheSecondwenttoIreland。AllthearchbishopsandbishopsofIrelandmethimatWaterford，receivedhimaskingandlordofIreland，vowingloyalobediencetohimandhissuccessors，andacknowledgingfealtytothemforever。TheseprelateswerefollowedbythekingsofCork，Limerick，Ossory，Meath，andbyReginaldofWaterford。RoderickO'Connor，KingofConnaught，joinedthemin1175。AlltheseacceptedHenrytheSecondofEnglandastheirLordandKing，swearingtobeloyaltohimandhissuccessorsforever。
　　SuchwasEngland'sbrutalandunjustifiableconquestofIreland。
　　Irelandwasnotanation，itwasatribalchaos。TheIrishnationofthatdayisalegend，amyth，builtbypoeticimagination。Duringthecen-
　　turiessucceedingHenrytheSecond，weremanyerasofviolenceandbloodshed。Inreadingthestory，itishardtosaywhichsidecommittedthemostcrimes。Duringthosesamecenturies，violenceandbloodshedandoppressionexistedeverywhereinEurope。UndoubtedlyEnglandwasveryoppressivetoIrelandattimes；butsincethedaysofGladstoneshehassteadilyendeavoredtorelieveIreland，withtheresultthattodaysheisoppressingIrelandratherlessthanourFederalGovernmentisoppressingMassachusetts，orSouthCarolina，oranyState。BytheWyndhamLandActof1903，Irelandwasplacedinapositionsoadvantageous，soutterlythereverseofoppression，thatDillon，thepresentleader，hastenedtoob-
　　structtheoperationoftheAct，lesttheIrishgeniusforgrievancemightperishfromstarvation。Examinethestateofthingsforyourself，I
　　cannotswellthisbookwiththedetails；theyareasaccessibletoyouasthefewfactsabouttheconquestwhichIhavejustnarrated。Examinethefacts，butevenwithoutexaminingthem，askyourselfthisquestion:WithCanada，Australia，andallthoseothercoloniesthatIhavenamedabove，satisfiedwithEngland'srule，hasteningtoherassistance，andwithonlyIrelandsellingherselftoGermany，isitnotjustpossiblethatsomethingisthematterwithIrelandratherthanwithEngland?SinnFeinwillhearofnoHomeRule。SinnFeindemandsindependence。IndependenceSinnFeinwillnotget。NotonlybecauseoftheoutragetounconsentingUlster，butalsobecauseBritain，havingjustgotridofoneHeligolandtotheEast，willnotpermitanothertostartupontheWest。AsearlyasAugust25th，1914，mentioninGermanpaperswasmadeofthepresenceinBerlinofCasementandofhismissiontoinviteGermanytostepintoIrelandwhenEnglandwasfightingGermany。Thetrafficwentsteadilyonfromthattime，andbrokeoutintherevolutionandthecrimesinDublinin1916。EnglanddiscoveredtheplanoftherevolutionjustintimetofoilthelandinginIrelandofGermany，whomIrelandhadinvitedthere。
　　WereEnglandseekingtobreakloosefromIreland，shecouldsueIrelandforadivorceandnametheKaiserasco-respondent。Anycourtwouldgrantit。
　　ThepartofIrelandwhichdoesnotdesireindependence，whichdesiresitsolittlethatitwasreadytoresistHomeRulebyforcein1914，isthesteady，thrifty，clean，coherent，prosperouspartofIreland。Itistheother，theunstablepartofIreland，whichhasdeclaredIrelandtobeaRepublic。ForconvenienceIwilldesignatethispartasGreenIreland，andthethrifty，stablepartasOrangeIreland。Sowhenourpoliticianssympathizewithan"Irish"Republic，theybefriendmerelyGreenIreland；theyoffendOrangeIreland。
　　AmericansarebeingtoldinthesedaysthattheyoweadebtofsupporttoIrishindependence，becausethe"Irish"foughtwithusinourownstruggleforIndependence。Yes，theIrishdid，andwedoowethemadebtofsupport。ButitwastheOrangeIrishwhofoughtinourRevolution，nottheGreenIrish。ThereforeinpayingthedebttotheGreenIrishandclamoringfor"Irish"independence，wearedoublecrossingtheOrangeIrish。
　　"ItisacuriousfactthatintheRevolutionaryWartheGermansandCatholicIrishshouldhavefurnishedthebulkoftheauxiliariestotheregularEnglishsoldiers；……ThefiercestandmostardentAmericansofall，however，werethePresbyterianIrishsettlersandtheirdescendants。"HistoryofNewYork，p。133，byTheodoreRoosevelt。
　　Next，inwhatmannerhavetheGreenIrishincurredourthanks?
　　TheymadetheancientandhonorableassociationofTammanytheirown。
　　OnceitwasAmerican。NowTammanyisGreenIrish。IdonotbelievethatI
　　needpausetotellyoumuchaboutTammany。ItdefeatedMitchel，aloyalbuthonestCatholic，andthebestMayorofNearYorkinthirtyyears。Itisadespotismbuiltoncorruptionandfear。
　　DuringourCivilWar，itwastheGreenIrishthatresistedthedraftinNewYork。Theywouldnotfight。YouhaveheardofthedraftriotsinNewYorkin1862。TheywouldnotfightfortheConfederacyeither。
　　Duringthefollowingdecade，inPennsylvania，anassociation，calledtheMollyMaguires，terrorizedthecoalregionsuntiltheirreignofassas-
　　sinationwasbroughttoanendbythedetection，conviction，andexecutionoftheirringleaders。ThesewereGreenIrish。
　　InCorkandQueenstownduringtherecentwar，ourAmericansailorswereassaultedandstonedbytheGreenIrish，becausetheyhadcometohelpfightGermany。Theseassaults，andtheretaliationstowhichtheyled，becamesoseriousthatnonavalmenundertherankofCommanderwerepermittedtogotoCork。LeadingcitizensofCorkcametobegthatthisorderberescinded。But，uponbeingcross-examined，itwasfoundthattheGreenIrishwhohadmadethetroublehadneverbeenpunished。OfthismanyofushadnewsbeforeAdmiralSimsinTheWorld'sWorkforNovember，pages63-64，gaveithisauthoritativeconfirmation。
　　Takingoneconsiderationwithanother，ithardlyseemstomethatourdebttotheGreenIrishissufficientlyheavyforustohinderEnglandforthesakeofhelpingthemandGermany。
　　NotalltheGreenIrishwereguiltyoftheattacksuponoursailors；notallbyanymeanswerepro-German；andIknowpersonallyofloyalRomanCatholicswhoarewhollyonEngland'sside，andarewhollyopposedtoSinnFein。Manysucharehere，manyinIreland:themIdonotmean。ItisSinnFeinthatImean。
　　In1918，whenEnglandwithherbacktothewallwasfightingGermany，theGreenIrishkilledthedraft。Herefollowing，IgivesomespecificinstancesofwhattheRomanCatholicpriestssaid。
　　April21st。AftermassatCastletown，BearHaven，FatherBrennanorderedhisflocktoresistconscription，takethesacrament，andtobereadytoresisttothedeath；suchdeathinsuringthefullbenedictionofGodandhisChurch。Ifthepoliceresorttoforce，letthepeoplekillthepoliceastheywouldkillanyonewhothreatenedtheirlives。Ifsoldierscameinsupportofthedraft，letthembetreatedlikethepolice。Policemenandsoldiersdyingintheirattempttocarryoutthedraftlaw，woulddietheenemiesofGod，whilethepeoplewhoresistedthemwoulddieinpeacewithGodandunderthebenedictionofhisChurch。
　　FatherLynchsaidinchurchatRyehill:"Resistthedraftbyeverymeansinyourpower。AnyminionoftheEnglishGovernmentwhofiresuponyou，aboveallifheisaCatholic，commitsamortalsinandGodwillpunishhim。"
　　InthechapelatKilgarvanFatherMurphysaid:"EveryIrishmanwhohelpstoapplythedraftinIrelandisnotonlyatraitortohiscountry，butcommitsamortalsinagainstGod'slaw。"
　　AtmassinScarifftheRev。JamesMacInerneysaid:"NoIrishCatholic，whateverhisstationbe，canhelpthedraftinthiscountrywithoutdenyinghisfaith。"
　　April28th。AfterhavinggiventhecommuniontothreehundredmeninthechurchatEyries，CountyCork，FatherGeraldDennehysaid:"AnyCatholicwhoeitheraspolicemanorasagentofthegovernmentshallassistinapplyingthedraft，shallbeexcommunicatedandcursedbytheRomanCatholicChurch。ThecurseofGodwillfollowhimineveryland。Youcankillhimatsight，Godwillblessyouanditwillbethemostacceptablesacrificethatyoucanoffer。"
　　Referringtoanypolicemanwhoshouldattempttoenforcethedraft，FatherMurphysaidatmassinKillenna，"Anypolicemanwhoiskilledinsuchattemptwillbedamnedinhell，evenifhewasinastateofgracethatverymorning。"
　　Ninety-fivepercentofthoseIrishpolicemenwereCatholicsandhadtorespectthecommandsofthosepriests。
　　IrelandisEngland'sbusiness，notours。Buttheword"self-determination"appearstohypnotizesomeAmericans。Wemustnotbehypnotizedbythisword。Itisuponthe"principle"expressedinthiswordthatoursympathieswiththeIrishRepublicareasked。ThesixnortheasterncountiesofUlster，onthe"principle"ofself-determination，shouldbeseparatedfromtheIrishRepublic。ButtheGreenIrishwillnotlistentothat。ProtestantsinUlsterhadtolistenintheirownchiefcitytoSinnFeinrejoicingsoverGermanvictories。
　　Therebellionof1916，whenSinnFeinopenedthebackdoorthatEngland'senemiesmightenteranddestroyher——thisdastardlytreasonwasmadebloodybycowardlyviolence。Theunarmedandtheunsuspectingwereshotdownandstabbedincoldblood。Later，soldierswhocamehomefromthefront，woundedsoldierstoo，werepersecutedandassaulted。ThemenofUlsterdon'twishtofallunderthepoweroftheGreenIrish。
　　"WedonotknowwhethertheBritishstatesmenarerightinassertingaconnectionbetweenIrishrevolutionaryfeelingandGermanpropaganda。ButinsuchaconnectionweshouldseenosignofabadGermanpolicy。"ThuswroteaPrussiandeputyinDasGrossereDeutschland。Thatwasoverthere。
　　Thiswasoverhere:——
　　"ThefraternalunderstandingwhichunitestheAncientOrderofHiberniansandtheGerman-AmericanAlliancereceivesourunqualifiedendorsement。
　　ThisunityofeffortinallmattersofapublicnatureintendedtocircumventtheeffortsofEnglandtosecureanAnglo-Americanalliancehavebeenproductiveofverysuccessfulresults。ThecongratulationsofthoseofuswholiveundertheflagoftheUnitedStatesareextendedtoourGerman-Americanfellowcitizensupontheconquestswonbythefatherland，andweassurethemofourunshakenconfidencethattheGermanEmpirewillcrushEnglandandaidintheliberationofIreland，andbearealdefenderofsmallnations。"SeetheBostonHeraldofJuly22，1916。
　　DuringourCivilWar，in1862，aresolutionofsympathywiththeSouthwasstifledinParliament。
　　OnJune6，1919，ourSenatepassed，withonedissentingvoice，thefollowing，offeredbySenatorWalsh，democrat，ofMassachusetts:
　　"Resolved，thattheSenateoftheUnitedStatesexpressitssympathywiththeaspirationsoftheIrishpeopleforagovernmentofitsownchoice。"
　　WhatEnglandwouldnotdofortheSouthin1862，wenowdoagainstEnglandourally，againstUlster，ourfriendinourRevolution，andinsupportofEngland'senemies，SinnFeinandGermany。
　　Irelandhaslessthan4，500，000inhabitants；Ulster'sshareisaboutonethird，anditsProtestantsoutnumberitsCatholicsbymorethanthreefourths。Besidessuchreprisalsastheysawwroughtuponwoundedsoldiers，theyknowthattheGreenIrishwhoinsistthatUlsterbelongtotheirRepublic，dosobecausetheyplantomakeprosperousandthriftyUlstertheirmilchcow。
　　Leteveryfair-mindedAmericanpause，then，beforegivinghissympathytoanindependentIrishRepublicontheprincipleofself-determination，oroutofgratitudetotheGreenIrish。LethimrememberthatitwastheOrangeIrishwhohelpedusinourRevolution，andthattheOrangeIrishdonotwantanindependentIrishRepublic。Therewillbenone；ourinterferencemerelymakesGermanyhappyandpossiblyprolongstheexistingchaos；buttherewillbenone。BeforesuchloyalandthinkingCatholicsasthegentlemanwhosaidtomethatwordabout"spoilingtheshipforaha'pennyworthoftar，"andbeforeafirmandcoherentpolicyonEngland'spart，SinnFeinwillfadelikeapoisonousmist。
　　ChapterXVII:PaintSoldiersofours——manysoldiers，Iamsorrytosay——havecomebackfromCoblenzandotherplacesintheblackspot，sayingthattheyfoundtheinhabitantsoftheblackspotkindandagreeable。TheygivethisreasonforlikingtheGermansbetterthantheydotheEnglish。TheyfoundtheGermansagreeable，theEnglishnotagreeable。Well，thisamountstosomethingasfarasitgoes:buthowfardoesitgo，andhowmuchdoesitamountto?Haveyoueverseenanautomobilepainteduptolooklikenew，anditbrokedownbeforeithadruntenmiles，andyoufounditsinsideswerewrong?Wouldyoubuyanautomobileonthestrengthofthepaint?
　　Englandoftenneedspaint，butherinsidesareallright。Ifoursoldierslooknodeeperthanthepaint，ifourvoterslooknofurtherthanthepaint，ifourdemocracyneverlooksatanythingbutthepaint，Godhelpourdemocracy!OfcoursetheGermanswereagreeabletooursoldiersafterthearmistice!
　　AgreeableGermany!——whosanktheLusitania；whosankfivethousandBritishmerchantshipswiththelossoffifteenthousandmen，women，andchildren，allmurderedatsea，withoutachancefortheirlives；whofiredonboat-loadsoftheshipwrecked，whostoodonhersubmarineandlaughedatthedrowningpassengersofthetorpedoedFalaba。
　　DisagreeableEngland!——whosankfivehundredGermanshipswithoutpermittingasinglelifetobelost，whoneverfiredashotuntilprovisionhadbeenmadeforthesafetyofpassengersandcrews。
　　AgreeableGermany!——who，assheretreated，poisonedwellsandgassedthecitizensfromwhosevillageshewasrunningaway；whowreckedthechurchesandthehomesofthehelplessliving，andbombedthetombsofthehelplessdead；whowrenchedfamiliesapartinthenight，takingtheirboystoslaveryandtheirgirlstowholesaleviolation，leavingtheoldpeopletowanderinlonelinessanddie；whoinherraidsuponEnglandslaughteredthreehundredandforty-twowomen，andkilledorinjuredsevenhundredandfifty-sevenchildren，andmadeinallalistoffourthousandfivehundredandsixty-eight，bombedbyherairmen；whosetrainednursesmetourwoundedandcapturedmenattherailroadtrainsandheldoutcupsofwaterforthemtosee，andthenpouredthemonthegroundorspatinthem。
　　DisagreeableEngland!——whosecoloniesrushedtohelpher:Canada，whowithineightweeksafterwarhadbeendeclared，camewithavoluntaryarmyofthirty-threethousandmen；whostoodhergroundagainstthatfirstmeetingwiththepoisongasandsavednotonlytheday，butpossiblythewholecause；whoby1917hadsentoverfourhundredthousandmentohelpdisagreeableEngland；whogaveherwealth，herfood，hersubstance；whopouredeverysymbolofaidandloveintodisagreeableEngland'slaptohelpherbeatagreeableGermany。ThusdidallEngland'scoloniesofferandbringboththemselvesandtheirresources，fromthesmallesttothegreatest；littleNewfoundland，whoseregimentgavesuchheroicaccountofitselfatGallipoli；Australiawhocamewithhercruisers，andwithalsoherarmiestotheWestFrontandinSouthAfrica；
　　NewZealandwhocamefromtheothersideoftheworldwithmenandmoney——
　　threemillionpoundsingift，notloan，fromonemillionpeople。AndtheBoers?TheBoers，wholatestofall，nottwentyyearsbefore，hadbeenatwarwithEngland，andconqueredbyher，andthenbyherhadbeengivenaBoerGovernment。WhatdidtheBoersdo?InspiteoftheKaiser'stelegramofsympathy，inspiteofhisplansandhishopes，theytoo，likeCanadaandNewZealandandalltherest，sidedoftheirownfreewillwithdisagreeableEnglandagainstagreeableGermany。TheyfirststampedoutaGermanrebellion，instigatedintheirmidst，andthentheseBoerslefttheirfarms，andcametoEngland'said，anddroveGermanpowerfromSouthwestAfrica。AnddoyourememberthewirethatcamefromIndiatoLondon?"WhatordersfromtheKing-Emperorformeandmymen?"ThesewerethewordsoftheMaharajahofRewa；andthusspoketherestofIndia。ThetroopsshesentcapturedNeueChapelle。FromfirsttolasttheyfoughtinmanyplacesfortheCauseofEngland。
　　Whatdowords，orpropaganda，whatdoesanythingcountinthefaceofsuchfactsasthese?
　　AgreeableGermany!——whoaddressesherGod，"ThouwhodwellesthighabovetheCherubim，SeraphimandZeppelin"——ParsonDiedrichVorwerckinhisvolumeHurrahandHallelujah。Germany，whosays，"ItisbettertoletahundredwomenandchildrenbelongingtotheenemydieofhungerthantoletasingleGermansoldiersuffer"——GeneralvonderGoltzinhisTenIronCommandmentsoftheGermanSoldier；Germany，whosesoldierobeysthosecommandmentsthus:"Iamsendingyouaringmadeoutofapieceofshell……DuringthebattleofBudonvillerIdidawaywithfourwomenandsevenyounggirlsinfiveminutes。TheCaptainhadtoldmetoshoottheseFrenchsows，butIpreferredtorunmybayonetthroughthem"——privateJohannWengertohisGermansweetheart，datedPeronne，March16，1915。
　　Germany，whosenewspapertheCologneVolkszettungdeploredthedoingsofherKulturonlandandseathus:"MuchaswedetestitashumanbeingsandasChristians，yetweexultinitasGermans。"
　　AgreeableGermany!——whoseKaiser，ifhisfleethadbeenlarger，wouldhavetakenusbythescruffoftheneck。
　　"ThenThou，AlmightyOne，sendThylightnings!
　　Letdwellingsandcottagesbecomeashesintheheatoffire。
　　Letthepeopleinhordesburnanddrownwithwifeandchild。
　　Maytheirseedbetrampledunderourfeet；
　　Maywekillgreatandsmallinthelustofjoy。
　　Mayweplungeourdaggersintotheirbodies，MayPolandreekintheglowoffireandashes。"
　　ThatisanotherverseofGermany'shymn，hateforPoland；thatisherwayoftakingpeoplebythescruffoftheneck；andthatiswhatSenatorWalsh'sresolutionofsympathywithIreland，Germany'scontemplatedHeligoland，impliesfortheUnitedStates，ifGermany'sdeferreddayshouldcome。
　　ChapterXVIII:TheWilltoFriendship——ortheWilltoHate?
　　Nationsdonotlikeeachother。Noplainerfactstaresatusfromthepagesofhistorysincethebeginning。Arewetositdownunderthisforever?Whyshouldwemakenoattempttochangethisforthebetterinthepagesofhistorythatareyettobewritten?Otherevilshavebeenmadebetter。Inthisverywar，theoutcryagainstGermanyhasbeenbecauseshedeliberatelybroughtbackintowarthecrueltiesandthehorrorsofmorebarbaroustimes，andwithcoldcalculationsofpremeditatedsciencemadethesehorrorsworse。OurrecoilfromthisdeedofhersandwhatithasbroughtupontheworldisseeninourwishforaLeagueofNations。Thethoughtofanymorebattles，tenches，submarines，air-raids，starvation，misery，issounbearabletoourbruisedandstrickenminds，thatwehaveputitintowordswhoseimportis，Letushavenomoreofthis!Wehaveatleastputitintowords。Thatsuchwords，thatsuchaLeague，cannowgrowintosomethingmorethanwords，isthehopeofmany，thedoubtofmany，thebeliefofafew。ItisthebeliefofMr。Wilson；ofMr。Taft；LordBryce；andofLordGrey，aquietEnglishman，whosestatesmanshipduringthoselasttenmurkydaysofJuly，1914，whenhestrovetoavertthedreadfulyearsthatfollowed，willshinebrightandpermanent。Wemustnotbechilledbythedoubters。
　　EspeciallyistheschemedoubtedindearoldEurope。DearoldEuropeissoold；wearesoyoung；wecausehertosmile。Yetitisnotsuchacontemptiblethingtobeyoungandinnocent。Only，yourinnocence，whileitmakesyouanidealist，mustnotblindyoutothefacts。Yourideamustnotrestuponsand。Itmusthavealittlerocktostartwith。ThenearestrockinsightisfriendshipbetweenEnglandandourselves。
　　Thewilltofriendship——orthewilltohate?Whichdoyouchoose?WhichdoyouthinkisthebestfoundationfortheLeagueofNations?Doyouimaginethatsolongasnationsdonotlikeeachother，thatmerewordsofgoodintention，writtenonmerepaper，aregoingtobeenough?Writedownthewordsbyallmeans，butseetoitthatbehindyourwordsthereshallexistactualgoodwill。Discouragehistoriesforchildrenandforgrown-upstoowhichbreedinternationaldislike。Suchexistamongusall。Thereisarecentone，writteninEngland，thatneedssomechanges。
　　ShouldanEnglishmansaytome:
　　"Ihavethewilltofriendship。IsthereanyparticularthingwhichIcandotohelp?"Ishouldanswerhim:
　　"Justnow，orinanydaystocome，shouldyoubetemptedtoremindusthatwedidnotprotestagainstthemartyrdomofBelgium，thatwewereabitslowincomingintothewar，——oh，don'tutterthatreproach!Gobacktoyourownpast；look，forinstance，atyourguaranteetoDenmark，atLordJohnRussell'swords:'HerMajestycouldnotseewithindifferenceamilitaryoccupationofHolstein'——andthenseewhatEnglandshirked；andreadthatscathingsentencespokentoherambassadorinRussia:'ThenwemaydismissanyideathatEnglandwillfightonapointofhonor。'Wehadmadeyounosuchguarantee。Wewerethreethousandmilesaway——howfarwasDenmark?
　　"Andanotherthing。OnAugust6，1919，whenBritain'sthankstoherlandandseaforcesweremovedinbothhousesofParliament，thegentlemanwhomovedthemintheHouseofLordssaidsomethingwhich，asitseemstome，addsnothingtothetributehehadalreadypaidsoeloquently。HehadspokenofthegreaterincentivetocouragewhichtheFrenchandBelgianshad，becausetheirhomesandsoilwereinvaded，whileEngland'ssoldiershadsufferednoinvasionoftheirisland。Theyhadnotthestimulusoftheknowledgethatthefrontieroftheircountryhadbeenviolated，theirhomesbrokenup，theirfamiliesenslaved，orworse。Andthenheadded:'I
　　havesometimeswonderedinmyownmind，thoughIhavehardlydaredconfessthesentiment，whetherthegallanttroopsofourAllieswouldhavefoughtwithequalspiritandsolongatimeastheydid，hadtheybeenengagedintheHighlandsofScotlandoronthemarchesoftheWelshborder。'Whyexpressthatwonder?Istherenothereaninstanceofthatneedlessoverlookingofthefeelingsofothers，bywhich，intimespast，youhavechilledthoseothers?Lookoutforthat。"
　　AndshouldanAmericansaytome:
　　"Ihavethewilltofriendship。WhatcanIpersonallydo?"Ishouldsay:
　　"Playfair!LookoverourhistoryfromthatTreatyofParisin1783，downthroughtheLouisianaPurchase，theMonroeDoctrine，andManilaBay；lookatthefacts。YouwillseethatnomatterhowacrimoniouslyEnglandhasquarreledwithus，thesewerealwaysfamilyscraps，inwhichsheheldoutforherowninterestsjustaswedidforours。ButwheneverthequestionlaybetweenourselvesandSpain，orFrance，orGermany，oranyforeignpower，Englandstoodwithusagainstthem。
　　"Andanotherthing。NotallAmericansboast，butwehaveareputationforboasting。OurSecretaryoftheNavygaveournavythewholecreditfortransportingoursoldierstoEuropewhenEnglanddidmorethanhalfofit。AtAnnapolistherehasbeenaposter，showingabigAmericansailorwithadoughboyonhisback，andunderneaththewords，'Weputthemacross。'Abrigadiergeneralhaswrittenabookentitled，HowtheMarinesSavedParis。Besidethemarinesthereweresomeengineers。AndhowaboutMCompanyofthe23rdregimentofthe2ndDivision?ItlostinonedayatChateau-Thierryallitsmenbutseven。Anddidthegeneralforgetthe3rdDivisionbetweenChateau-ThierryandDormans?Don'tbelikethatbrigadiergeneral，anddon'tbelikethatAmericanofficerreturningontheLaplandwhotoldtheBritishathistablehewasgladtogethomeaftercleaningupthemesswhichtheBritishhadmade。ResembleaslittleaspossibleourpresentSecretaryoftheNavy。Avoidboasting。Ourcontributiontovictorywasquiteenoughwithoutboasting。Thehead-masterofoneofourgreatschoolshasputitthustohisschoolboyswhofought:Somepeoplehadtoraiseahundreddollars。Afterstrugglingforyearstheycouldonlyraiseseventy-five。Thenamancamealongandfurnishedtheremainingnecessarytwenty-fivedollars。Thatisagoodwaytoputit。Whatgoodwouldourtwenty-fivedollarshavebeen，andwhereshouldwehavebeen，iftheotherfellowshadn'traisedtheseventy-fivedollarsfirst?"
　　ChapterXIX:LionandCubMytaskisdone。IhavediscussedwithasmuchbrevityasIcouldthethreefoundationsofourancientgrudgeagainstEngland:ourschooltextbooks，ourvariouscontroversiesfromtheRevolutiontotheAlaskanboundarydispute，andcertaindifferencesincustomsandmanners。SomeofourhistorianstowhomIreferarethemselvesaffectedbytheancientgrudge。Youwillseethisifyoureadthem；youwillfindthefacts，whichtheygivefaithfully，andyouwillalsofindthattheyoftenandI
　　thinkunconsciouslycolorsuchfactsasaretoEngland'sdiscreditandleavepalesuchasaretohercredit，justasweremembertheAlabama，andforgettheLancashirecotton-spinners。Youcannotfailtofind，unlessyouranti-Englishcomplextiltsyourjudgmentincurably，thatEnglandhasbeentous，onthewhole，verymuchmorefriendlythanunfriendly——ifnotatthebeginning，certainlyattheendofeachcontroversy。Whatananti-Englishcomplexcandointhefaceof1914，ishardtoimagine:Canada，Australia，NewZealand，India，theBoers，allGreatBritain'scolonies，comingacrosstheworldtopourtheirgoldandtheirbloodoutforher!Shedidnotaskthem；shecouldnotforcethem；
　　oftheirownfreewilltheydidit。Inthewholestoryofmankindsuchasplendidtributeofconfidenceandloyaltyhasneverbeforebeenpaidtoanynation。
　　Inthismany-peopledworldEnglandisournearestrelation。FromBonapartetotheKaiser，neverhassheallowedanyoutsidertoharmus。
　　Wearehercub。Shehasoftenclawedus，andwehaveclawedherinreturn。Thiswillprobablygoon。Onceearlierinthesepages，Iaskedthereadernottomisinterpretme，andnowattheendImakethesamerequest。IhavenotsoughttopersuadehimthatGreatBritainisacharitableinstitution。Whatnationis，orcouldbe，giventhenatureofman?Hergoodtreatmentofushasbeentoherowninterest。Sheiswise，farseeing，lessofanopportunistinherstatesmanshipthananyothernation。Shehasseenclearlyandevermoreclearlythatourgoodwillwastoheradvantage。Andbeneathherwisdom，atthebottomofall，ishersenseofourkinshipthroughlibertydefinedandassuredbylaw。Ifweweresofar-seeingassheis，wealsoshouldknowthathergoodwillisequallyimportanttous:notaloneformaterialreasons，orforthesakeofoursafety，butalsoforthosefewdeep，ultimateidealsoflaw，liberty，life，manhoodandwomanhood，whichwesharewithher，whichwegotfromher，becausesheisournearestrelationinthismany-peopledworld。