ThefollowinglistwastakenliterallyfromtheMateriaMedicaofHahnemann,bymyfriendM。Vernois,forwhoseaccuracyIamwillingtoberesponsible。Hehasgivensevenpagesofthesesymptoms,notselected,buttakenathazardfromtheFrenchtranslationofthework。Ishallbeverybriefinmycitations。
“Afterstoopingsometime,senseofpainfulweightabouttheheaduponresumingtheerectposture。“
“Anitching,ticklingsensationattheouteredgeofthepalmofthelefthand,whichobligesthepersontoscratch。“Themedicinewasacetateoflime,andastheactionoftheglobuletakenissaidtolasttwenty-eightdays,youmayjudgehowmanysuchsymptomsasthelastmightbesupposedtohappen。
Amongthesymptomsattributedtomuriaticacidarethese:acatarrh,sighing,pimples;“afterhavingwrittenalongtimewiththebackalittlebentover,violentpaininthebackandshoulder-blades,asiffromastrain,“——“dreamswhicharenotremembered,——dispositiontomentaldejection,——wakefulnessbeforeandaftermidnight。“
Imightextendthiscataloguealmostindefinitely。Ihavenotcitedthesespecimenswithanyviewtoexcitingasenseoftheridiculous,whichmanyothersofthosementionedwouldnotfailtodo,buttoshowthatthecommonaccidentsofsensation,thelittlebodilyinconveniencestowhichallofusaresubject,areseriouslyandsystematicallyascribedtowhatevermedicinemayhavebeenexhibited,evenintheminutedosesIhavementioned,wholedaysorweekspreviously。
Totheseareaddedallthesymptomseversaidbyanybody,whetherdeservingconfidenceornot,asIshallhereafterillustrate,tobeproducedbythesubstanceinquestion。
Theeffectsofsixty-fourmedicinalsubstances,ascertainedbyoneorbothofthesemethods,areenumeratedintheMateriaMedicaofHahnemann,whichmaybeconsideredasthebasisofpracticalHomoeopathy。IntheManualofJahr,whichisthecommonguide,sofarasIknow,ofthosewhopractiseHomoeopathyintheseregions,twohundredremediesareenumerated,manyofwhich,however,haveneverbeenemployedinpractice。Inatleastoneeditiontherewerenomeansofdistinguishingthosewhichhadbeentrieduponthesickfromtheothers。Itistruethatmarkshavebeenaddedintheeditionemployedhere,whichservetodistinguishthem;butwhatarewetothinkofastandardpracticalauthoronMateriaMedica,whoatonetimeomitstodesignatetheproperdosesofhisremedies,andatanothertoletushaveanymeansofknowingwhetheraremedyhaseverbeentriedornot,whileheisrecommendingitsemploymentinthemostcriticalandthreateningdiseases?
Ithinkthat,fromwhatIhaveshownofthecharacterofHahnemann’sexperiments,itwouldbeasatisfactiontoanycandidinquirertoknowwhetherotherpersons,towhoseassertionshecouldlookwithconfidence,confirmthesepretendedfacts。Nowtherearemanyindividuals,longandwellknowntothescientificworld,whohavetriedtheseexperimentsuponhealthysubjects,andutterlydenythattheireffectshaveatallcorrespondedtoHahnemann’sassertions。
Iwilltake,forinstance,thestatementsofAndralandIamnotreferringtohiswell-knownpublicexperimentsinhishospitalastotheresultofhisowntrials。ThisdistinguishedphysicianisProfessorofMedicineintheSchoolofParis,andoneofthemostwidelyknownandvaluedauthorsuponpracticalandtheoreticalsubjectstheprofessioncanclaiminanycountry。Heisamanofgreatkindnessofcharacter,amostliberaleclecticbynatureandhabit,ofunquestionedintegrity,andiscalled,intheleadingarticleofthefirstnumberofthe“HomoepathicExaminer,““aneminentandveryenlightenedallopathist。“Assistedbyanumberofotherpersonsingoodhealth,heexperimentedontheeffectsofcinchona,aconite,sulphur,arnica,andtheothermosthighlyextolledremedies。Hisexperimentslastedayear,andhestatedpubliclytotheAcademyofMedicinethattheyneverproducedtheslightestappearanceofthesymptomsattributedtothem。Theresultsofamanlikethis,soextensivelyknownasoneofthemostphilosophicalandcandid,aswellasbrilliantofinstructors,andwhoseadmirableabilitiesandsignalliberalityaregenerallyconceded,oughttobeofgreatweightindecidingthequestion。
M。Double,awell-knownmedicalwriterandaphysicianofhighstandinginParis,hadoccasionsolongagoas1801,beforehehadheardofHomoeopathy,tomakeexperimentsuponCinchona,orPeruvianbark。Heandseveralotherstookthedrugineverykindofdoseforfourmonths,andthefeveritispretendedbyHahnemanntoexciteneverwasproduced。
M。Bonnet,PresidentoftheRoyalSocietyofMedicineofBordeaux,hadoccasiontoobservemanysoldiersduringthePeninsularWar,whomadeuseofCinchonaasapreservativeagainstdifferentdiseases,butheneverfoundittoproducethepretendedparoxysms。
Ifanyobjectionweremadetoevidenceofthiskind,IwouldrefertotheexpressexperimentsonmanyoftheHomoeopathicsubstances,whichweregiventohealthypersonswitheveryprecautionastodietandregimen,byM。LouisFleury,withoutbeingfollowedbytheslightestofthepretendedconsequences。Andletmementionasacuriousfact,thatthesamequantityofarsenicgiventooneanimalinthecommonformoftheunpreparedpowder,andtoanotherafterhavingbeenrubbedupintosixhundredglobules,offerednoparticulardifferenceofactivityinthetwocases。
Thisisastrangecontradictiontothedoctrineofthedevelopmentofwhattheycalldynamicpower,bymeansoffrictionandsubdivision。
In1835apublicchallengewasofferedtothebestknownHomoeopathicphysicianinParistoselectanytensubstancesassertedtoproducethemoststrikingeffects;topreparethemhimself;tochooseonebylotwithoutknowingwhichofthemhehadtaken,andtryituponhimselforanyintelligentanddevotedHomoeopatbist,and,waitinghisowntime,tocomeforwardandtellwhatsubstancehadbeenemployed。Thechallengewasatfirstaccepted,buttheacceptanceretractedbeforethetimeoftrialarrived。
>FromallthisIthinkitfairtoconcludethatthecataloguesofsymptomsattributedinHomoeopathicworkstotheinfluenceofvariousdrugsuponhealthypersonsarenotentitledtoanyconfidence。
2。Itisnecessarytoshow,inthenextplace,thatmedicinalsubstancesarealwayscapableofcuringdiseasesmostliketheirownsymptoms。Forfactsrelatingtothisquestionwemustlooktotwosources;therecordedexperienceofthemedicalprofessioningeneral,andtheresultsoftrialsmadeaccordingtoHomoeopathicprinciples,andcapableoftestingthetruthofthedoctrine。
Noperson,thatIamawareof,haseverdeniedthatinsomecasesthereexistsaresemblancebetweentheeffectsofaremedyandthesymptomsofdiseasesinwhichitisbeneficial。Thishasbeenrecognized,asHahnemannhimselfhasshown,fromthetimeofHippocrates。Butaccordingtotherecordsofthemedicalprofession,astheyhavebeenhithertointerpreted,thisistrueofonlyaverysmallproportionofusefulremedies。Norhasiteverbeenconsideredasanestablishedtruththattheefficacyofeventhesefewremedieswasinanydefiniteratiototheirpowerofproducingsymptomsmoreorlesslikethosetheycured。
SuchwasthestateofopinionwhenHahnemanncameforwardwiththepropositionthatallthecasesofsuccessfultreatmentfoundintheworksofallprecedingmedicalwritersweretobeascribedsolelytotheoperationoftheHomoeopathicprinciple,whichhadeffectedthecure,althoughwithoutthephysician’sknowledgethatthiswastherealsecret。Andstrangeasitmayseem,hewasenabledtogivesuchadegreeofplausibilitytothisassertion,thatanypersonnotacquaintedsomewhatwithmedicalliterature,notquitefamiliar,I
shouldrathersay,withtherelativevalueofmedicalevidence,accordingtothesourceswhenceitisderived,wouldbealmostfrightenedintothebelief,atseeingthepagesuponpagesofLatinnameshehassummonedashiswitnesses。
Ithashithertobeencustomary,whenexaminingthewritingsofauthorsofprecedingages,uponsubjectsastowhichtheywerelessenlightenedthanourselves,andwhichtheywereveryliabletomisrepresent,toexercisesomelittlediscretion;todiscriminate,insomemeasure,betweenwritersdeservingconfidenceandthosenotentitledtoit。ButthereisnottheleastappearanceofanysuchdelicacyonthepartofHahnemann。Alargemajorityofthenamesofoldauthorshecitesarewhollyunknowntoscience。WithsomeofthemIhavebeenlongacquainted,andIknowthattheiraccountsofdiseasesarenomoretobetrustedthantheircontemporaryAmbroisePare’sstoriesofmermen,andsimilarabsurdities。Butifmyjudgmentisrejected,asbeingaprejudicedone,IcanrefertoCullen,whomentionedthreeofHahnemann’sauthorsinonesentence,asbeing“notnecessarilybadauthorities;butcertainlysuchwhentheydeliveredveryimprobableevents;“andasthiswassaidmorethanhalfacenturyago,itcouldnothavehadanyreferencetoHahnemann。Butalthoughnottheslightestsignofdiscriminationisvisibleinhisquotations,——althoughforhimahandfulofchafffromSchenckisallthesamethingasameasureofwheatfromMorgagni,——
thereisaformidabledisplayofauthorities,andanabundantproofofingeniousresearchestobefoundineachofthegreatworksofHahnemannwithwhichIamfamiliar。“[SomepainfulsurmisesmightariseastotheeruditionofHahnemann’sEnglishTranslator,whomakestwoindividualsof“Zacutus,Lucitanus,“aswellasrespectingthatoftheconductorsofanAmericanHomoeopathicperiodical,whosufferthenameoftheworld-renownedCardanustobespeltCardamusinatleastthreeplaces,werenotthisgrossignoranceofcourseattributableonlytotheprinter。]
ItisstatedbyDr。Leo-Wolf,thatProfessorJoerg,ofLeipsic,hasprovedmanyofHahnemann’squotationsfromoldauthorstobeadulterateandfalse。WhatparticularinstanceshehaspointedoutI
havenomeansoflearning。AnditisprobablywhollyimpossibleonthissideoftheAtlantic,andeveninmostofthepubliclibrariesofEurope,tofindanythingmorethanasmallfractionoftheinnumerableobscurepublicationswhichtheneglectofgrocersandtrunkmakershassparedtoberansackedbytheall-devouringgeniusofHomoeopathy。Ihaveendeavoredtoverifysuchpassagesasmyownlibraryaffordedmethemeansofdoing。ForsomeIhavelookedinvain,forwant,asIamwillingtobelieve,ofmoreexactreferences。
ButthisIamabletoaffirm,that,outoftheverysmallnumberwhichIhavebeenable,totracebacktotheiroriginalauthors,I
havefoundtwotobewronglyquoted,oneofthembeingagrossmisrepresentation。
ThefirstisfromtheancientRomanauthor,CaeliusAurelianus;thesecondfromthevenerablefolioofForestus。Hahnemannusesthefollowingexpressions,——ifheisnotmisrepresentedintheEnglishTranslationofthe“Organon“:“Asclepiadesononeoccasioncuredaninflammationofthebrainbyadministeringasmallquantityofwine。“
AftercorrectingtheerroneousreferenceoftheTranslator,Icanfindnosuchcasealludedtointhechapter。ButCaeliusAurelianusmentionstwomodesoftreatmentemployedbyAsclepiades,intobothofwhichtheuseofwineentered,asbeinginthehighestdegreeirrationalanddangerous。“[CaeliusAurel。DeMorb。Acut。etChron。lib。I。cap。xv。notxvi。Amsterdam。Wetstein,1755。]
Inspeakingoftheoilofanise-seed,HahnemannsaysthatForestusobservedviolentcoliccausedbyitsadministration。But,astheauthortellsthestory,ayoungmantook,bythecounselofasurgeon,anacridandvirulentmedicine,thenameofwhichisnotgiven,whichbroughtonamostcruelfitofthegripesandcolic。
Afterthisanothersurgeonwascalled,whogavehimoilofanise-seedandwine,whichincreasedhissuffering。“[Observ。etCurat。Med。
lib。XXZobs。xiii。Frankfort,1614。]NowifthiswastheHomoeopathicremedy,asHahnemannpretends,itmightbeafairquestionwhytheyoungmanwasnotcuredbyit。Butitisamuchgraverquestionwhyamanwhohasshrewdnessandlearningenoughtogosofarafterhisfacts,shouldthinkitrighttotreatthemwithsuchastonishingnegligenceorsuchartfulunfairness。
Evenifeverywordhehadpretendedtotakefromhisoldauthoritiesweretobefoundinthem,eveniftheauthorityofeveryoneoftheseauthorswerebeyondquestion,theloosenesswithwhichtheyareusedtoprovewhateverHahnemannchoosesisbeyondtheboundsofcredibility。Letmegiveoneinstancetoillustratethecharacterofthisman’smind。Hahnemannasserts,inanoteannexedtothe110thparagraphofthe“Organon,“thatthesmelloftherosewillcausecertainpersonstofaint。Andhesaysinthetextthatsubstanceswhichproducepeculiareffectsofthisnatureonparticularconstitutionscurethesamesymptomsinpeopleingeneral。Theninanothernotetothesameparagraphhequotesthefollowingfactfromoneofthelastsourcesonewouldhavelookedtoformedicalinformation,theByzantineHistorians。
“Itwasbythesemeans“i。e。HomoeopathicallythatthePrincessEudosiawithrose-waterrestoredapersonwhohadfainted!“
第9章