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第9章

  ThefollowinglistwastakenliterallyfromtheMateriaMedicaofHahnemann,bymyfriendM。Vernois,forwhoseaccuracyIamwillingtoberesponsible。Hehasgivensevenpagesofthesesymptoms,notselected,buttakenathazardfromtheFrenchtranslationofthework。Ishallbeverybriefinmycitations。
  “Afterstoopingsometime,senseofpainfulweightabouttheheaduponresumingtheerectposture。“
  “Anitching,ticklingsensationattheouteredgeofthepalmofthelefthand,whichobligesthepersontoscratch。“Themedicinewasacetateoflime,andastheactionoftheglobuletakenissaidtolasttwenty-eightdays,youmayjudgehowmanysuchsymptomsasthelastmightbesupposedtohappen。
  Amongthesymptomsattributedtomuriaticacidarethese:acatarrh,sighing,pimples;“afterhavingwrittenalongtimewiththebackalittlebentover,violentpaininthebackandshoulder-blades,asiffromastrain,“——“dreamswhicharenotremembered,——dispositiontomentaldejection,——wakefulnessbeforeandaftermidnight。“
  Imightextendthiscataloguealmostindefinitely。Ihavenotcitedthesespecimenswithanyviewtoexcitingasenseoftheridiculous,whichmanyothersofthosementionedwouldnotfailtodo,buttoshowthatthecommonaccidentsofsensation,thelittlebodilyinconveniencestowhichallofusaresubject,areseriouslyandsystematicallyascribedtowhatevermedicinemayhavebeenexhibited,evenintheminutedosesIhavementioned,wholedaysorweekspreviously。
  Totheseareaddedallthesymptomseversaidbyanybody,whetherdeservingconfidenceornot,asIshallhereafterillustrate,tobeproducedbythesubstanceinquestion。
  Theeffectsofsixty-fourmedicinalsubstances,ascertainedbyoneorbothofthesemethods,areenumeratedintheMateriaMedicaofHahnemann,whichmaybeconsideredasthebasisofpracticalHomoeopathy。IntheManualofJahr,whichisthecommonguide,sofarasIknow,ofthosewhopractiseHomoeopathyintheseregions,twohundredremediesareenumerated,manyofwhich,however,haveneverbeenemployedinpractice。Inatleastoneeditiontherewerenomeansofdistinguishingthosewhichhadbeentrieduponthesickfromtheothers。Itistruethatmarkshavebeenaddedintheeditionemployedhere,whichservetodistinguishthem;butwhatarewetothinkofastandardpracticalauthoronMateriaMedica,whoatonetimeomitstodesignatetheproperdosesofhisremedies,andatanothertoletushaveanymeansofknowingwhetheraremedyhaseverbeentriedornot,whileheisrecommendingitsemploymentinthemostcriticalandthreateningdiseases?
  Ithinkthat,fromwhatIhaveshownofthecharacterofHahnemann’sexperiments,itwouldbeasatisfactiontoanycandidinquirertoknowwhetherotherpersons,towhoseassertionshecouldlookwithconfidence,confirmthesepretendedfacts。Nowtherearemanyindividuals,longandwellknowntothescientificworld,whohavetriedtheseexperimentsuponhealthysubjects,andutterlydenythattheireffectshaveatallcorrespondedtoHahnemann’sassertions。
  Iwilltake,forinstance,thestatementsofAndralandIamnotreferringtohiswell-knownpublicexperimentsinhishospitalastotheresultofhisowntrials。ThisdistinguishedphysicianisProfessorofMedicineintheSchoolofParis,andoneofthemostwidelyknownandvaluedauthorsuponpracticalandtheoreticalsubjectstheprofessioncanclaiminanycountry。Heisamanofgreatkindnessofcharacter,amostliberaleclecticbynatureandhabit,ofunquestionedintegrity,andiscalled,intheleadingarticleofthefirstnumberofthe“HomoepathicExaminer,““aneminentandveryenlightenedallopathist。“Assistedbyanumberofotherpersonsingoodhealth,heexperimentedontheeffectsofcinchona,aconite,sulphur,arnica,andtheothermosthighlyextolledremedies。Hisexperimentslastedayear,andhestatedpubliclytotheAcademyofMedicinethattheyneverproducedtheslightestappearanceofthesymptomsattributedtothem。Theresultsofamanlikethis,soextensivelyknownasoneofthemostphilosophicalandcandid,aswellasbrilliantofinstructors,andwhoseadmirableabilitiesandsignalliberalityaregenerallyconceded,oughttobeofgreatweightindecidingthequestion。
  M。Double,awell-knownmedicalwriterandaphysicianofhighstandinginParis,hadoccasionsolongagoas1801,beforehehadheardofHomoeopathy,tomakeexperimentsuponCinchona,orPeruvianbark。Heandseveralotherstookthedrugineverykindofdoseforfourmonths,andthefeveritispretendedbyHahnemanntoexciteneverwasproduced。
  M。Bonnet,PresidentoftheRoyalSocietyofMedicineofBordeaux,hadoccasiontoobservemanysoldiersduringthePeninsularWar,whomadeuseofCinchonaasapreservativeagainstdifferentdiseases,butheneverfoundittoproducethepretendedparoxysms。
  Ifanyobjectionweremadetoevidenceofthiskind,IwouldrefertotheexpressexperimentsonmanyoftheHomoeopathicsubstances,whichweregiventohealthypersonswitheveryprecautionastodietandregimen,byM。LouisFleury,withoutbeingfollowedbytheslightestofthepretendedconsequences。Andletmementionasacuriousfact,thatthesamequantityofarsenicgiventooneanimalinthecommonformoftheunpreparedpowder,andtoanotherafterhavingbeenrubbedupintosixhundredglobules,offerednoparticulardifferenceofactivityinthetwocases。
  Thisisastrangecontradictiontothedoctrineofthedevelopmentofwhattheycalldynamicpower,bymeansoffrictionandsubdivision。
  In1835apublicchallengewasofferedtothebestknownHomoeopathicphysicianinParistoselectanytensubstancesassertedtoproducethemoststrikingeffects;topreparethemhimself;tochooseonebylotwithoutknowingwhichofthemhehadtaken,andtryituponhimselforanyintelligentanddevotedHomoeopatbist,and,waitinghisowntime,tocomeforwardandtellwhatsubstancehadbeenemployed。Thechallengewasatfirstaccepted,buttheacceptanceretractedbeforethetimeoftrialarrived。
  >FromallthisIthinkitfairtoconcludethatthecataloguesofsymptomsattributedinHomoeopathicworkstotheinfluenceofvariousdrugsuponhealthypersonsarenotentitledtoanyconfidence。
  2。Itisnecessarytoshow,inthenextplace,thatmedicinalsubstancesarealwayscapableofcuringdiseasesmostliketheirownsymptoms。Forfactsrelatingtothisquestionwemustlooktotwosources;therecordedexperienceofthemedicalprofessioningeneral,andtheresultsoftrialsmadeaccordingtoHomoeopathicprinciples,andcapableoftestingthetruthofthedoctrine。
  Noperson,thatIamawareof,haseverdeniedthatinsomecasesthereexistsaresemblancebetweentheeffectsofaremedyandthesymptomsofdiseasesinwhichitisbeneficial。Thishasbeenrecognized,asHahnemannhimselfhasshown,fromthetimeofHippocrates。Butaccordingtotherecordsofthemedicalprofession,astheyhavebeenhithertointerpreted,thisistrueofonlyaverysmallproportionofusefulremedies。Norhasiteverbeenconsideredasanestablishedtruththattheefficacyofeventhesefewremedieswasinanydefiniteratiototheirpowerofproducingsymptomsmoreorlesslikethosetheycured。
  SuchwasthestateofopinionwhenHahnemanncameforwardwiththepropositionthatallthecasesofsuccessfultreatmentfoundintheworksofallprecedingmedicalwritersweretobeascribedsolelytotheoperationoftheHomoeopathicprinciple,whichhadeffectedthecure,althoughwithoutthephysician’sknowledgethatthiswastherealsecret。Andstrangeasitmayseem,hewasenabledtogivesuchadegreeofplausibilitytothisassertion,thatanypersonnotacquaintedsomewhatwithmedicalliterature,notquitefamiliar,I
  shouldrathersay,withtherelativevalueofmedicalevidence,accordingtothesourceswhenceitisderived,wouldbealmostfrightenedintothebelief,atseeingthepagesuponpagesofLatinnameshehassummonedashiswitnesses。
  Ithashithertobeencustomary,whenexaminingthewritingsofauthorsofprecedingages,uponsubjectsastowhichtheywerelessenlightenedthanourselves,andwhichtheywereveryliabletomisrepresent,toexercisesomelittlediscretion;todiscriminate,insomemeasure,betweenwritersdeservingconfidenceandthosenotentitledtoit。ButthereisnottheleastappearanceofanysuchdelicacyonthepartofHahnemann。Alargemajorityofthenamesofoldauthorshecitesarewhollyunknowntoscience。WithsomeofthemIhavebeenlongacquainted,andIknowthattheiraccountsofdiseasesarenomoretobetrustedthantheircontemporaryAmbroisePare’sstoriesofmermen,andsimilarabsurdities。Butifmyjudgmentisrejected,asbeingaprejudicedone,IcanrefertoCullen,whomentionedthreeofHahnemann’sauthorsinonesentence,asbeing“notnecessarilybadauthorities;butcertainlysuchwhentheydeliveredveryimprobableevents;“andasthiswassaidmorethanhalfacenturyago,itcouldnothavehadanyreferencetoHahnemann。Butalthoughnottheslightestsignofdiscriminationisvisibleinhisquotations,——althoughforhimahandfulofchafffromSchenckisallthesamethingasameasureofwheatfromMorgagni,——
  thereisaformidabledisplayofauthorities,andanabundantproofofingeniousresearchestobefoundineachofthegreatworksofHahnemannwithwhichIamfamiliar。“[SomepainfulsurmisesmightariseastotheeruditionofHahnemann’sEnglishTranslator,whomakestwoindividualsof“Zacutus,Lucitanus,“aswellasrespectingthatoftheconductorsofanAmericanHomoeopathicperiodical,whosufferthenameoftheworld-renownedCardanustobespeltCardamusinatleastthreeplaces,werenotthisgrossignoranceofcourseattributableonlytotheprinter。]
  ItisstatedbyDr。Leo-Wolf,thatProfessorJoerg,ofLeipsic,hasprovedmanyofHahnemann’squotationsfromoldauthorstobeadulterateandfalse。WhatparticularinstanceshehaspointedoutI
  havenomeansoflearning。AnditisprobablywhollyimpossibleonthissideoftheAtlantic,andeveninmostofthepubliclibrariesofEurope,tofindanythingmorethanasmallfractionoftheinnumerableobscurepublicationswhichtheneglectofgrocersandtrunkmakershassparedtoberansackedbytheall-devouringgeniusofHomoeopathy。Ihaveendeavoredtoverifysuchpassagesasmyownlibraryaffordedmethemeansofdoing。ForsomeIhavelookedinvain,forwant,asIamwillingtobelieve,ofmoreexactreferences。
  ButthisIamabletoaffirm,that,outoftheverysmallnumberwhichIhavebeenable,totracebacktotheiroriginalauthors,I
  havefoundtwotobewronglyquoted,oneofthembeingagrossmisrepresentation。
  ThefirstisfromtheancientRomanauthor,CaeliusAurelianus;thesecondfromthevenerablefolioofForestus。Hahnemannusesthefollowingexpressions,——ifheisnotmisrepresentedintheEnglishTranslationofthe“Organon“:“Asclepiadesononeoccasioncuredaninflammationofthebrainbyadministeringasmallquantityofwine。“
  AftercorrectingtheerroneousreferenceoftheTranslator,Icanfindnosuchcasealludedtointhechapter。ButCaeliusAurelianusmentionstwomodesoftreatmentemployedbyAsclepiades,intobothofwhichtheuseofwineentered,asbeinginthehighestdegreeirrationalanddangerous。“[CaeliusAurel。DeMorb。Acut。etChron。lib。I。cap。xv。notxvi。Amsterdam。Wetstein,1755。]
  Inspeakingoftheoilofanise-seed,HahnemannsaysthatForestusobservedviolentcoliccausedbyitsadministration。But,astheauthortellsthestory,ayoungmantook,bythecounselofasurgeon,anacridandvirulentmedicine,thenameofwhichisnotgiven,whichbroughtonamostcruelfitofthegripesandcolic。
  Afterthisanothersurgeonwascalled,whogavehimoilofanise-seedandwine,whichincreasedhissuffering。“[Observ。etCurat。Med。
  lib。XXZobs。xiii。Frankfort,1614。]NowifthiswastheHomoeopathicremedy,asHahnemannpretends,itmightbeafairquestionwhytheyoungmanwasnotcuredbyit。Butitisamuchgraverquestionwhyamanwhohasshrewdnessandlearningenoughtogosofarafterhisfacts,shouldthinkitrighttotreatthemwithsuchastonishingnegligenceorsuchartfulunfairness。
  Evenifeverywordhehadpretendedtotakefromhisoldauthoritiesweretobefoundinthem,eveniftheauthorityofeveryoneoftheseauthorswerebeyondquestion,theloosenesswithwhichtheyareusedtoprovewhateverHahnemannchoosesisbeyondtheboundsofcredibility。Letmegiveoneinstancetoillustratethecharacterofthisman’smind。Hahnemannasserts,inanoteannexedtothe110thparagraphofthe“Organon,“thatthesmelloftherosewillcausecertainpersonstofaint。Andhesaysinthetextthatsubstanceswhichproducepeculiareffectsofthisnatureonparticularconstitutionscurethesamesymptomsinpeopleingeneral。Theninanothernotetothesameparagraphhequotesthefollowingfactfromoneofthelastsourcesonewouldhavelookedtoformedicalinformation,theByzantineHistorians。
  “Itwasbythesemeans“i。e。HomoeopathicallythatthePrincessEudosiawithrose-waterrestoredapersonwhohadfainted!“