首页 >出版文学> The Varieties of Religious Experience>第72章
  HereisasimilarrecordfromthememoirsofthatinterestingGermanidealist,MalwidavonMeysenbug:——
  “Iwasaloneupontheseashoreasallthesethoughtsflowedoverme,liberatingandreconciling;andnowagain,asoncebeforeindistantdaysintheAlpsofDauphine,Iwasimpelledtokneeldown,thistimebeforetheillimitableocean,symboloftheInfinite。IfeltthatIprayedasIhadneverprayedbefore,andknewnowwhatprayerreallyis:toreturnfromthesolitudeofindividuationintotheconsciousnessofunitywithallthatis,tokneeldownasonethatpassesaway,andtoriseupasoneimperishable。Earth,heaven,andsearesoundedasinonevastworld-encirclingharmony。Itwasasifthechorusofallthegreatwhohadeverlivedwereaboutme。Ifeltmyselfonewiththem,anditappearedasifIheardtheirgreeting:’Thoutoobelongesttothecompanyofthosewhoovercome。’“
  MemoireneinerIdealistin,SteAuflage,
  Foryearsshehadbeenunabletopray,owingtomaterialisticbelief。
  ThewellknownpassagefromWaltWhitmanisaclassicalexpressionofthissporadictypeofmysticalexperience。
  “Ibelieveinyou,mySoul……
  Loafwithmeonthegrass,loosethestopfromyourthroat;。
  OnlythelullIlike,thehumofyourvalvedvoice。
  Imindhowoncewelay,suchatransparentsummermorning。
  Swiftlyaroseandspreadaroundmethepeaceandknowledgethatpassalltheargumentoftheearth,AndIknowthatthehandofGodisthepromiseofmyown,AndIknowthatthespiritofGodisthebrotherofmyown,Andthatallthemeneverbornarealsomybrothersandthewomenmysistersandlovers,Andthatakelsonofthecreationislove。”[240]
  [240]Whitmaninanotherplaceexpressesinaquieterwaywhatwasprobablywithhimachronicmysticalperception:“Thereis。”
  hewrites,“apartfrommereintellect,inthemake-upofeverysuperiorhumanidentity,awondroussomethingthatrealizeswithoutargument,frequentlywithoutwhatiscallededucationthoughIthinkitthegoalandapexofalleducationdeservingthename,anintuitionoftheabsolutebalance,intimeandspace,ofthewholeofthismultifariousnessthisreveloffools,andincrediblemake-believeandgeneralunsettiedness,wecallTHEWORLD;asoul-sightofthatdivineclueandunseenthreadwhichholdsthewholecongeriesofthings,allhistoryandtime,andallevents,howevertrivial,howevermomentous,likealeasheddoginthehandofthehunter。[Of]suchsoul-sightandroot-centreforthemindmereoptimismexplainsonlythesurface。”WhitmanchargesitagainstCarlylethathelackedthisperception。SpecimenDaysandCollect,Philadelphia,1882,p。
  Icouldeasilygivemoreinstances,butonewillsuffice。ItakeitfromtheAutobiographyofJ。Trevor。
  MyQuestforGod,London,1897,pp。abridged。
  “OnebrilliantSundaymorning,mywifeandboyswenttotheUnitarianChapelinMacclesfield。Ifeltitimpossibletoaccompanythem——asthoughtoleavethesunshineonthehills,andgodowntheretothechapel,wouldbeforthetimeanactofspiritualsuicide。AndIfeltsuchneedfornewinspirationandexpansioninmylife。So,veryreluctantlyandsadly,Ileftmywifeandboystogodownintothetown,whileIwentfurtherupintothehillswithmystickandmydog。Inthelovelinessofthemorning,andthebeautyofthehillsandvalleys,Isoonlostmysenseofsadnessandregret。FornearlyanhourIwalkedalongtheroadtothe’CatandFiddle,’andthenreturned。Onthewayback,suddenly,withoutwarning,IfeltthatIwasinHeaven——aninwardstateofpeaceandjoyandassuranceindescribablyintense,accompaniedwithasenseofbeingbathedinawarmglowoflight,asthoughtheexternalconditionhadbroughtabouttheinternaleffect——afeelingofhavingpassedbeyondthebody,thoughthescenearoundmestoodoutmoreclearlyandasifnearertomethanbefore,byreasonoftheilluminationinthemidstofwhichIseemedtobeplaced。Thisdeepemotionlasted,thoughwithdecreasingstrength,untilI
  reachedhome,andforsometimeafter,onlygraduallypassingaway。”
  Thewriteraddsthathavinghadfurtherexperiencesofasimilarsort,henowknowsthemwell。
  “Thespirituallife。”hewrites,“justifiesitselftothosewholiveit;butwhatcanwesaytothosewhodonotunderstand?
  This,atleast,wecansay,thatitisalifewhoseexperiencesareprovedrealtotheirpossessor,becausetheyremainwithhimwhenbroughtclosestintocontactwiththeobjectiverealitiesoflife。Dreamscannotstandthistest。Wewakefromthemtofindthattheyarebutdreams。Wanderingsofanoverwroughtbraindonotstandthistest。ThesehighestexperiencesthatIhavehadofGod’spresencehavebeenrareandbrief——flashesofconsciousnesswhichhavecompelledmetoexclaimwithsurprise——GodisHERE!——orconditionsofexaltationandinsight,lessintense,andonlygraduallypassingaway。Ihaveseverelyquestionedtheworthofthesemoments。TonosoulhaveInamedthem,lestIshouldbebuildingmylifeandworkonmerephantasiesofthebrain。ButIfindthat,aftereveryquestioningandtest,theystandoutto-dayasthemostrealexperiencesofmylife,andexperienceswhichhaveexplainedandjustifiedandunifiedallpastexperiencesandallpastgrowth。
  Indeed,theirrealityandtheirfar-reachingsignificanceareeverbecomingmoreclearandevident。Whentheycame,Iwaslivingthefullest,strongest,sanest,deepestlife。Iwasnotseekingthem。WhatIwasseeking,withresolutedetermination,wastolivemoreintenselymyownlife,asagainstwhatIknewwouldbetheadversejudgmentoftheworld。ItwasinthemostrealseasonsthattheRealPresencecame,andIwasawarethatI
  wasimmersedintheinfiniteoceanofGod。”[242]
  Op。cit。,pp。256,257,abridged。
  Eventheleastmysticalofyoumustbythistimebeconvincedoftheexistenceofmysticalmomentsasstatesofconsciousnessofanentirelyspecificquality,andofthedeepimpressionwhichtheymakeonthosewhohavethem。ACanadianpsychiatrist,Dr。
  R。M。Bucke,givestothemoredistinctlycharacterizedofthesephenomenathenameofcosmicconsciousness。“Cosmicconsciousnessinitsmorestrikinginstancesisnot。”Dr。Buckesays,“simplyanexpansionorextensionoftheself-consciousmindwithwhichweareallfamiliar,butthesuperadditionofafunctionasdistinctfromanypossessedbytheaveragemanasSELF-consciousnessisdistinctfromanyfunctionpossessedbyoneofthehigheranimals。”
  “Theprimecharacteristicofcosmicconsciousnessisaconsciousnessofthecosmos,thatis,ofthelifeandorderoftheuniverse。Alongwiththeconsciousnessofthecosmosthereoccursanintellectualenlightenmentwhichalonewouldplacetheindividualonanewplaneofexistence——wouldmakehimalmostamemberofanewspecies。Tothisisaddedastateofmoralexaltation,anindescribablefeelingofelevation,elation,andjoyousness,andaquickeningofthemoralsense,whichisfullyasstriking,andmoreimportantthanistheenhancedintellectualpower。Withthesecomewhatmaybecalledasenseofimmortality,aconsciousnessofeternallife,notaconvictionthatheshallhavethis,buttheconsciousnessthathehasitalready。”[243]
  CosmicConsciousness:astudyintheevolutionofthehumanMind,Philadelphia,1901,p。2。
  ItwasDr。Bucke’sownexperienceofatypicalonsetofcosmicconsciousnessinhisownpersonwhichledhimtoinvestigateitinothers。HehasprintedhisconclusionsInahighlyinterestingvolume,fromwhichItakethefollowingaccountofwhatoccurredtohim:——
  “Ihadspenttheeveninginagreatcity,withtwofriends,readinganddiscussingpoetryandphilosophy。Wepartedatmidnight。Ihadalongdriveinahansomtomylodging。Mymind,deeplyundertheinfluenceoftheideas,images,andemotionscalledupbythereadingandtalk,wascalmandpeaceful。Iwasinastateofquiet,almostpassiveenjoyment,notactuallythinking,butlettingideas,images,andemotionsflowofthemselves,asitwere,throughmymind。Allatonce,withoutwarningofanykind,Ifoundmyselfwrappedinaflame-coloredcloud。ForaninstantIthoughtoffire,animmenseconflagrationsomewhereclosebyinthatgreatcity;thenext,Iknewthatthefirewaswithinmyself。Directlyafterwardtherecameuponmeasenseofexultation,ofimmensejoyousnessaccompaniedorimmediatelyfollowedbyanintellectualilluminationimpossibletodescribe。Amongotherthings,Ididnotmerelycometobelieve,butIsawthattheuniverseisnotcomposedofdeadmatter,butis,onthecontrary,alivingPresence;Ibecameconsciousinmyselfofeternallife。ItwasnotaconvictionthatIwouldhaveeternallife,butaconsciousnessthatIpossessedeternallifethen;Isawthatallmenareimmortal;thatthecosmicorderissuchthatwithoutanyperadventureallthingsworktogetherforthegoodofeachandall;thatthefoundationprincipleoftheworld,ofalltheworlds,iswhatwecalllove,andthatthehappinessofeachandallisinthelongrunabsolutelycertain。Thevisionlastedafewsecondsandwasgone;butthememoryofitandthesenseoftherealityofwhatittaughthasremainedduringthequarterofacenturywhichhassinceelapsed。Iknewthatwhatthevisionshowedwastrue。IhadattainedtoapointofviewfromwhichIsawthatitmustbetrue。Thatview,thatconviction,Imaysaythatconsciousness,hasnever,evenduringperiodsofthedeepestdepression,beenlost。”[244]
  Loc。cit。,pp。7,8。MyquotationfollowstheprivatelyprintedpamphletwhichprecededDr。Bucke’slargerwork,anddiffersverballyalittlefromthetextofthelatter。
  Wehavenowseenenoughofthiscosmicormysticconsciousness,asitcomessporadically。Wemustnextpasstoitsmethodicalcultivationasanelementofthereligiouslife。Hindus,Buddhists,Mohammedans,andChristiansallhavecultivateditmethodically。
  InIndia,traininginmysticalinsighthasbeenknownfromtimeimmemorialunderthenameofyoga。Yogameanstheexperimentalunionoftheindividualwiththedivine。Itisbasedonperseveringexercise;andthediet,posture,breathing,intellectualconcentration,andmoraldisciplinevaryslightlyinthedifferentsystemswhichteachit。Theyogi,ordisciple,whohasbythesemeansovercometheobscurationsofhislowernaturesufficiently,entersintotheconditiontermedsamadhi,“andcomesfacetofacewithfactswhichnoinstinctorreasoncaneverknow。”Helearns——
  “Thattheminditselfhasahigherstateofexistence,beyondreason,asuperconsciousstate,andthatwhenthemindgetstothathigherstate,thenthisknowledgebeyondreasoningcomes……AllthedifferentstepsinyogaareintendedtobringusscientificallytothesuperconsciousstateorSamadhi……
  Justasunconsciousworkisbeneathconsciousness,sothereisanotherworkwhichisaboveconsciousness,andwhich,also,isnotaccompaniedwiththefeelingofegoism……ThereisnofeelingofI,andyetthemindworks,desireless,freefromrestlessness,objectless,bodiless。ThentheTruthshinesinitsfulleffulgence,andweknowourselves——forSamadhiliespotentialinusall——forwhatwetrulyare,free,immortal,omnipotent,loosedfromthefinite,anditscontrastsofgoodandevilaltogether,andidenticalwiththeAtmanorUniversalSoul。”
  MyquotationsarefromVivekananda,RajaYoga,London,1896。ThecompletestsourceofinformationonYogaistheworktranslatedbyVihariLalaMtra:YogaVasishtaMahaRamayana。4
  vols。Calcutta,1891-99。
  TheVedantistssaythatonemaystumbleintosuperconsciousnesssporadically,withoutthepreviousdiscipline,butitisthenimpure。Theirtestofitspurity,likeourtestofreligion’svalue,isempirical:itsfruitsmustbegoodforlife。WhenamancomesoutofSamadhi,theyassureusthatheremains“enlightened,asage,aprophet,asaint,hiswholecharacterchanged,hislifechanged,illumined。”
  AEuropeanwitness,aftercarefullycomparingtheresultsofYogawiththoseofthehypnoticordreamystatesartificiallyproduciblebyus,says:“Itmakesofitstruedisciplesgood,healthy,andhappymen……Throughthemasterywhichtheyogiattainsoverhisthoughtsandhisbody,hegrowsintoa’character。’Bythesubjectionofhisimpulsesandpropensitiestohiswill,andthefixingofthelatterupontheidealofgoodness,hebecomesa’personality’hardtoinfluencebyothers,andthusalmosttheoppositeofwhatweusuallyimagineamediumso-called,orpsychicsubjecttobe。KarlKellner:Yoga:EineSkizze,Munchen,1896,p。