saysArchenholtz（amanratherfondofsuperlatives），——
"HadnotthererisenaRecruitingsystem，"orCrimpingsystem，"thelikeofwhichforkindanddegreewasneverseenintheEarthbefore。Prisoners，captivesoldiers，ifatalllikelyfellows，werebyeverymeanspersuaded，andevencompelled，totakePrussianservice。Compelled，cudgelinhand，"saysArchenholtz（whoistooindiscriminating，Icansee，——fortherewerePfalzers，Wurtembergers，Reichsfolk，whohadFIRSTbeencompelledtheotherway）:"notaskediftheywishedtoserve，butdraggedtothePrussiancolors，obligedtoswearthere，andfightagainst，theircountrymen。"Sayatleast，againsttheircountrymen’sGovernors，contumaciousSereneHighnessesofWurtemberg，Mecklenburgandthelike。Wurtemberg，wementionedlately，hadtoshootagoodfewofhisfirstlevyagainsttheProtestantChampion，beforetheywouldmarchatall！——Iamsorryforthesepoormen；andwishtheReichhadbeenwhatitoncewas，aVeracityandPracticalReality，notanImaginaryEntityandhideouslycontemptibleWiggery，asitnowis！
Contemptible，andhideousaswell；——settingitselfuponthat，fundamentalmendacity；whichiseternallytragical，thoughlittleregardedinthesedays，andwhichentailsmendacitieswithoutendonpartiesconcerned！——But，apartfromallthis，certainitis，"ThewholeGermanReichwasdelugedwithsecretPrussianEnlisters。
ThegreaterpartofthesewerenotactualOfficersatall，buthungryAdventurers，whohadbeenbargainedwith，andwho，fortheirownprofit，allowedthemselveseveryimaginablearttopickupmen。
HeadandcentreofthemwasthePrussianColonelColignon，"oneoftheFree—Corpspeople；"amanformedbynatureforthisbusiness[whatabeautifulman！]——whogavealltheotherstheirdirections，andtaughtthembyhisownexample。Colignonhimself，"inwinter—
time，"travelledaboutinallmannerofcostumesandcharacters；
persuadinghundredsofpeopleintothePrussianservice。HenotonlypromisedCommissions，butgavesuch，——nominatinglooseyoungfellows（LAFFEN），students，merchants’clerksandthelike，toLieutenanciesandCaptainciesinthePrussianArmy[aboutaslikelyasintheSeraphimandCherubim，hadtheyknownit]:intheInfantry，intheCuirassiers，intheHussars，——itisallone，youhaveonlytochoose。TherenownofthePrussianarmswassouniversal，andcombinedwiththenotionofrichbooty，thatColignon’sCommission—manufactorywascontinuallybusy。Noneedtoprovidemarching—money，hand—money[shillingsforearnest]；
Colignon’srecruitstravelledmostlyofwillandattheirowncharge。InFranken，inSchwaben，intheRhineCountries，adissolutesonwouldrobhisfather，——asshopmentheirmasters’
tills，andmanagerstheircash—boxes，——andhieofftothosemagnanimousPrussianOfficials，whogaveawaycompanieslikekreutzers，andhadavalueforyoungfellowsofspirit。
TheyhastenedtoMagdeburgwiththeirCommissions；wheretheywerereceivedascommonrecruits，andputbyforceintotheregimentssuitable。Nouseinresisting:thecudgelandthedrill—sergeant，"
——whodoubtsit？——"tillcompletesubmission。BythisandothermethodsColignonandhishelpersarereckonedtohaveraisedfortheKing，inthecourseofthisWar，about60，000recruits。"
[Archenholtz，ii。53。]
ThisYear，Daun，thoughhisreputationisonthedeclinelately，istohavethechiefcommand，asusual；theGrandArmy，withSaxonyforfieldofconquest，andtheReichsfolktoassist，istobeDaun’s。But，whatisreckonedanimportantimprovement，Loudonistohaveaseparatecommand，andArmyofhisown。Loudon，hotoftemper，melancholic，shy，isnotamantorecommendhimselftoKriegshofrathpeople；butnodoubtImperialMajestyhashadherownwiseeyeonhim。Hismeritsaresoundeniable；theneedofsomeCommanderNOToftheCunctatortypeisbecomesoverypressing。
"ArmyofSilesia，50，000；"thatistobeLoudon’s，with40，000
Russianstoco—operateandunitethemselveswithLoudon；andtryactuallyforconquestofSilesia，thisYear；whileDaun，conqueringSaxony，keepstheKingbusy。
AtPetersburg，Versailles，Vienna，muchplanningtherehasbeen，andarduousconsulting:firstatPetersburg，intimeandinimportance，whereMontalemberthasagainbeenveryurgentinregardtothosepoorSwedishpeople，andthegettingofthemturnedtosomekindofuse:"StettininconjunctionwiththeSwedes；
oh，listentoreason，andtakeStettin！""WouldnotDantzigbyourselvesbetheadvisablething？"answersSoltikof:"DantzigisanimportantTown，andthegrandBalticHaven；andwouldbesoconvenientforourPreussen，sincewehavedeterminedtomaintainthatfineConquest。"SothinksCzarishMajesty，aswellasSoltikof，privately，thoughtherearedifficultiesastoDantzig；
and，infine，exceptColbergoveragain，therecanbenothingattemptedofsiegingthereabouts。ASiegeofColberg，however，thereisactuallytobe:SecondSiege，——ifperhapsitwillproveluckierthantheFirstwas，twoyearssince？NavalArmamentSwedish—Russian，specificLandArmamentwhollyRussian，aretodothisSecondSiege，atafavorabletime；exceptbywishes，Soltikofwillnotbeconcernedinit；nor，itistobehoped，shallwe，——insuchpressureofhasteasisprobablyaheadforus。
"Silesiawouldbetheplaceforsieges！"saytheViennapeoplealways；andImperialMajestyisveryurgent；andtriesallmethods，——eloquence，flatteries，bribes，——tobringPetersburgtothatview。
Whichisatlastadopted；heartilybyCzarishMajesty，everreadyforrevengeonFriedrich，themorefatalandthemoredirect，thebetter。Heartilybyher；notsoheartilybySoltikofandherArmypeople，whoknowtheAustriauhabits；andprivatelydecideonNOT
pickingchestnutsfromthefire，whiletheotherparty’spawskeepidle，andonlyhisjawsareready。
OfSmall—Warthereisnothingorlittletobesaid；indeedthereoccursalmostnone。RovingCossack—Parties，underoneTottleben，whomweshallhearofotherwise，infestPommern，bickeringwiththePrussianpoststhere；notravagingasformerly，Tottlebenbeingacivilizedkindofman。OneofthesecalledattheCastleofSchwedt，oneday；foundPrinceEugenofWurtembergthere（nearlyrecoveredofhisKunersdorfwounds），whoisaSon—in—lawoftheHouse，marriedtoaDaughterofSchwedt；——ancestorofthenowRussianCzarstoo，hadanybodythenknownit。HimtheseCossackscarriedoffwiththem，amarchortwo；then，takinghisbondforacertainransom，lethimgo。BondandbondholderbeingsoonaftercapturedbythePrussians，Eugenpaidnoransom；sothattoushisadventureiswithoutmoment，thoughitthenmadesomenoiseamongtheGazetteers。
Twootherlittlepassages，andonlytwo，wewillmention；
whichhaveinthemselvesakindofmemorability。First，thatofGeneralCzetteritzandtheMANUSCRIPThelost。OfpostsacrosstheElbeIfindnonementionablehere，andbelievethereisnone，exceptonlyCzetteritz’s；whostandsatCosdorf，welluptowardsTorgauCountry，assentryoverTorgauandtheTownsthere。
OnCzetteritztherewas，inFebruary，anattemptmadebytheactiveGeneralBeck，whomDaunhaddetachedforthatobject。
Extremelysuccessful，accordingtotheAustrianGazetteers；butinrealityamountingtoasgoodasnothing:——SurprisalofCzetteritz’sfirstvedette，inthedawnofamistyFebruarymorning（February21st，1760）；non—surprisalofhissecond，whichdidgivefireandalarm，whereupondebate；andCzetteritzspringingintohissaddle；
retreatofhispeopletorearward，withlossof7Officersand200
prisoners；——butendinginre—advance，withfreshforce，afewhoursafter；[Seyfarth，ii。655。]——inrepulseofBeck，inrecoveryofCosdorf，andageneralstateofAS—YOU—WEREinthatpart。AsputterofPost—War，notnowworthmentioningatall，——exceptonlyforonesmallcircumstance:Thatinthecareeringandswiftordering，suchastherewas，ontherear—guardespecially，Major—GeneralCzetteritz’shorsehappenedtofall；wherebynotonlywastheGeneraltakenprisoner，buthisquartersgotplundered，andinhisluggage，——whatisthenotablecircumstance，——therewasfoundasmallManuscript，MILITAIRISCHEINSTRUKZIONFURDIEGENERALE，suchaseveryPrussianGeneralhas，andisboundtokeepreligiouslysecret。[StandsnowinOEuvresdeFrederic，
xxviii。3et。seq。；wasfinished（therevisalofitwas），hytheKing，"2dApril，1748:"seePREUSS，i。478—480；and（
OEuvresdeFrederic，xxviii。PREFACE，forendlessindistinctdetailsaboutthetranslationsandeditionsofit。
LondonEdition，1818，callsitselftheFIFTH。]This，carriedtoDaun’shead—quarters，wasdulyprized，copied；andinthecourseofayearcametoprint，inmanyshapesandplaces；wastranslatedintoEnglish，undertheTitle，MILITARYINSTRUCTIONSBYTHEKINGOF
PRUSSIA，in1762（andagain，hardlysoWELL，in1797）；andstilllanguidlycirculatesamongthestudiousofoursoldiers。Notalittleadmiredbysomeofthem；andunfortunatelynearlyalltheyseemtoknowofthisgreatestofmodernSoldiers。[See，forexample，inLifeofGeneralSirCharlesNapier，byhisBrother（London，1857），iii。365andelsewhere，——oneofthebestjudgesintheworldexpressinghisjoyandadmirationondiscoveryofFriedrich；discovery，ifyoureadwell，whichamountstotheseINSTRUCTIONS，andnomore。]
Next，aboutamonthafter，wehavesomethingtoreportofLoudonfromSilesia，orratheroftheEnemieshemeetsthere；foritisnotavictoriousthing。ButitmeansastartingoftheCampaignbyanAustrianinvasionofSilesia；longbeforesiegingtime，whilealltheseMontalembert—Soltikofpleadingsandcounter—pleadingshangdubiousatPetersburg，andLoudon’s"SilesianArmy"isstillonlyinanascentortheoreticstate，andonlyLoudonhimselfisinapracticalone。
FriedrichhasalwaysFouquetatLandshut，inchargeoftheSilesianFrontier；whoseoutposts，underGoltzasheadofthese，stretch，byNeisse，fareastward，throughtheHillstoutmostMahren；
Fouquet’sownhead—quarterbeinggenerallyLandshut，themaingateoftheCountry。Fouquet，longsince，rootedhimselfratherfirmlyintothatimportantpost；hasabeautifulringoffortifiedHillsaroundLandshut；batterycrossingbattery，girdlingitwithsuredestruction，underanexpertFouquet，——butwouldrequire30，000mentokeepit，insteadof13，000，whichisFouquet’sallotment。
UponwhomLoudonisfullyintendingastrokethisYear。Fouquet，asweknow，hasstrenuouslymanagedtokeepwardthereforatwelvemonthpast；inspite，oftenenough，ofnewviolentinvadingsandattemptings（violent，miscellaneous，butintermittent）bytheDevillesandothers；——andalwaysundermanydifficultiesofhisown，andvicissitudesinhisemployment:aFouquetcomingandgoing，waxingandwaning，accordingtotheKing’snecessities，andtotheintermittencyorconstancyofpressuresonLandshut。
UnderLoudon，thisYear，Fouquetwillhavehardertimesthanever；
——intheend，toohard！Butwillresist，judgehowbythefollowingsmallsample:——
"BesidesFouquetandhis13，000，"saysmyNote，"theSilesianGarrisonsareallvigilant，areoroughttobe；andtherearefareastwardofhim，forguardingoftheJagerndorf—TroppauBorder，some4or6，000，scatteredabout，underLieutenant—GeneralGoltz，invariousHillPosts，——thechiefPostofwhich，Goltz’sown，isthelittleTownofNeustadt，northwardofJagerndorf[wherewehavebilletedintheoldSileSianWars]:Goltz’sNeustadtisthechief；
andLeobschutz，southwestwardofit，under’GeneralLeGrand’[oncetheMajorGRANTofKolinBattle，ifreadersrememberhim，"YourMajestyandIcannottaketheBatteryourselves！"]isprobablythesecondinimportance。Loudon，cantonedalongtheMoraviansideoftheBorder，perceivesthathecanassemble32，000footandhorse；
thatthePrussiansare13，000PLUS6，000；thatSilesiacanbeinvadedwithadvantage，weretheweathercome。Andthat，inanykindofweather，Goltzandhisstraggleofpostsmightbesweptintotheinterior，perhapspickedupandpocketedaltogether，ifLoudonweresharpenough。SweptintotheinteriorGoltzwas；bynomeanspocketedaltogether，asheoughttohavebeen！
"MARCH13th，1760，Loudonordersgeneralmusterhereaboutsforthe15th，everybodytohavetwodays，breadandforage；andwarnsGoltz，asboundinhonor:’Excellenz，to—morrowisMarch14th；
to—morrowourpleasanttimeofTruceisout，——themorethepityforbothofus！’’Yea，myesteemedneighborExcellenz！’answersGoltz，withthepropercompliments；butjudgesthathisesteemedneighborisintendingmischiefalmostimmediately。Goltzinstantlysendsorderstoallhisposts:’You，HerrGeneralGrant，youatLeobschutz，andalltherestofyou，makeyourpackages；
marchwithoutdelay；rendezvousatSteinauandUpperGlogau[fardifferentfromGREAT—Glogau]，Neisse—ward；swift！’Andwouldhavehimselfgoneonthe14th，butcouldnot，——hispoorlittleBakerynotbeinghere，norwagonsforhisbaggagesquitetobecollectedinamoment，——anditwasSaturday，15th，5A。M。，thatGoltzappointedhimselftomarch。
"ThelasttimewesawGeneralGoltzwasontheGreenofBautzen，abovetwoyearsago，——whenhedeliveredthathardmessagetotheKing’sBrotherandhisparty，’YoudeservetobetriedbyCourt—
martial，andhaveyourheadscutoff！’HewasofthatsadZittaubusinessofthelatePrinceofPrussia’s，——Goltz，Winterfeld，Ziethen，Schmettauandothers？WinterfeldandthePrincearebothdead；Schmettauisfallenintodisaster；GoltzisstillingoodesteemwiththeKing。Astalwart，swift，flintykindofman，tojudgebythePortraitsofhim；considerableobstinacy，ofatacitlyintelligentkind，inthatsteadyeye，inthatdroopoftheeyebrowstowardsthestrongcheek—bones；plentyofsleepingfireinLieutenant—GeneralGoltz。
"Hisprincipalforce，onthisoccasion，isoneInfantryRegiment；
REGIMENTMANTEUFFEL:——readersperhapsrecollectthatstoutPommernRegiment，ManteuffelofFoot，andthelittleDialogueithadwiththeKinghimself，ontheeveofLeuthen:’Good—night，then，Fritz！
To—morrowalldead，orelsetheEnemybeaten。’Theirconduct，I
haveheard，wasveryshiningatLeuthen，whereeverybodyshone；
andsincethentheyhavebeenplungingaboutthroughthedeath—
elementintheiroldruggedway，——andre—emergehereintodefiniteviewagain，underLieutenant—GeneralGoltz，issuingfromthenorthendofNeustadt，inthedimdawnofacoldspringmorning，March15th，5A。M。；weatherlatterlyverywet，asIlearn。TheyintendNeisse—way，withtheirconsiderablestockofbaggage—wagons；acompanyofDragoonsistohelpinescorting:partyperhapsabout2，000inall。Goltzwillhavehisdifficultiesthisday；andhascalculatedonthem。And，indeed，atthefirstissuing，heretheyalreadyare。
"Loudon，withabout5，000horse，——fourRegimentsdrawnuphere，andbyandbywithafifth（happilynotwiththegrenadiers，ashehadcalculated，whoaredetainedbybrokenbridges，watersallinfloodfromtherain），——iswaitingforhim，attheveryenvironsofNeustadt。Loudon，byatrumpet，politelyinviteshimtosurrender，beingsooutnumbered；Goltz，politelythanking，disregardsit，andmarcheson:Loudonescorting，inanominousway；till，atBuchelsdorf，thefifthRegiment（bestintheAustrianservice）isseendrawnoutacrossthehighway，plainlyintimating，NothoroughfaretoGoltzandPommern。Loudonsendsasecondtrumpet:
’Surrenderprisoners；honorablestterms；keepallyourbaggage:
refuse，andyouarecutdowneveryman。’’Youshallyourselfheartheanswer，’saidGoltz。Goltzleadsthissecondtrumpettothefront；and，inPommerndialect，makesknownwhatGeneralLoudon’sproposalis。ThePommernersanswer，asoneman，aNoofsuchemphasisasIhaveneverheard；intermswhichareintenselyvernacular，itseems，andwhichdoatthisdayastonishtheforeignmind:’Wewillforhimsomething，WIRWOLLENIHMWAS——’Butthepowersoftranslationandevenoftypographyfail；andfeebleparaphrasemustgiveit:’WewillforhimSOMETHINGINEFFABLE
CONCOCT，’ofasurprisinglycontrarykind！’WIRWOLLENIHMWAS’
（withineffabledissyllabicverbgoverningit）！growledoneindignantPommerner；’anditranlikefile—firealongtheranks，’
saysArchenholtz；everybodygrowlingit，andbellowingit，infiercebasschorus，astheindubitablevoteofPommerninthosecircumstances。
"Loudon’strumpetwithdrew。Pommernformedsquarerounditsbaggage；Loudon’s5，000camethunderingin，fittobreakadamant；
butmetsuchastormofbulletsfromPommern，theystoppedabouttenpacesshort，inconsiderableamazement，andwheeledback。
Trieditagain，stillmoreamazement；thelikeathirdtime；
everytimeinvain。Afterwhich，Pommerntooktheroadagain，withvanguard，rearguard；andhadpeaceforcertainmiles，——Loudongloomilyfollowing，foranewchance。HowmanytimesLoudontriedagain，andeveragain，atgoodplaces，Iforget，——saysixtimesinall。BetweenSiebenhufenandSteinau，inadirtydefile，thejeweloftheroadforLoudon，whotriedhisverybestthere，oneofourwagonsbrokedown；thefewtorearofit，eighteenwagonsandsomecountrycarts，hadtobeleftstanding。NothingmoreofPommernwasleftthereoranywhere。NearSteinauthere，Loudongaveitupasdesperate，andwenthisway。Hisloss，theysay，was300killed，500wounded；Pommern’swas35killed，andabove100leftwoundedorprisoners。Oneofthestiffestday’sworksIhaveknown:
sometwelvemilesofmarch，ineverytwoanattack。Pommernhasreallyconcoctedsomethingsurprising，andkeptitspromisetoLoudon！’ThouknowestwhatthePommernerscando，’saidtheyoncetotheirownKing。Anobstinate，strong—boned，heavy—browedpeople；
notsostupidasyouthink。MoreorlessofJutishorAnglishtype；
highlydeficientinthegracesofspeech，and，Ishouldjudge，withlittlecalltoParliamentaryEloquence。"[Preuss，ii。241
（incorrectinsomesmallpoints）；Archenholtz，ii。61；Seyfarth，ii。640，andBeylagen，ii。657—660；
Tempelhof，iv。8—10；inANONYMOUSOFHAMBURG（iv。68）theAustrianaccount。]
Friedrichis，thisYear，consideredbythegeneralityofmankind，toberuined:"Lost60，000menlastCampaign；wasbeatentwice；hisluckisdone；whatistobecomeofhim？"sayhisenemies，andeventheimpartialGazetteer，withjoyorsorrow。Amonghisownpeoplethereisgloomorcensure；hardcommentariesonMaxen:"Soself—
willed，high，anddeaftocounselfromPrinceHenri！"Henrihimself，theysay，issullen；threatening，asheoftendoes，toresign"forwantofhealth；"andashequitedid，forawhile，intheendofthisCampaign，orintervalbetweenthisandnext。
Friedrichhas，withincrediblediligence，gottogetherhisfinance（copperinlargerdosethanever，JewEphraimpresidingasusual）；
and，asifbyart—magic，hasontheirfeet100，000menagainsthisenemy’s280，000。SomehigherOfficersaresecretlyinbadspirits；
butthemenknownothingofdiscouragement。Friedrichproclaimstothematmarching，"Foreverycannonyoucapture，100ducats；foreveryflag，50；foreverystandard（cavalryflag），40；"——whichsums，astheyfelldue，wereaccordinglypaidthenceforth。
[Stenzel，v。236，237；ib。243。]ButFriedrich，too，isabundantlygloomy，ifthatcouldhelphim；whichheknowswellitcannot，andstrictlyhidesitfromallbutafew；——orallbutD’Argensalmostalone，towhomitcandonoharm。Readcarefullybythelightofcontemporaryoccurrences，notvaguelyinthevacanthaze，astheEditorsgiveit，hiscorrespondencewithD’Argensbecomesinterestingalmosttoapainfuldegree:anunaffectedpictureofoneofthebravesthumansoulsweigheddownwithdispiritinglaborsandchagrins，suchaswereseldomlaidonanyman；almostbeyondbearing，butincurable，anddemandingtobeborne。Wilhelminaisaway，away；toD’Argensaloneofmortalsdoeshewhisperofthesethings；andtohimnotwearisomely，orwiththeleastprolixity，butinshortsharpgusts，seldomnowwithanyindignation，oftenestwithatouchofhumorinthem，notsolicitinganysympathy，norexpectingnearlyasmuchashewillgetfromthefaithfulD’Argens。
"Iamunfortunateandold，dearMarquis；thatiswhytheypersecuteme:GodknowswhatmyfutureistobethisYear！IgrievetoresembleCassandrawithmyprophecies；buthowaugurwellofthedesperatesituationwearein，andwhichgoesongrowingworse？
Iamsogloomyto—day，Iwillcutshort……Writetomewhenyouhavenothingbettertodo；anddon’tforgetapoorPhilosopherwho，perhapstoexpiatehisincredulity，isdoomedtofindhisPurgatoryinTHISworld。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。
138，139（"Freyberg，20thMarch，1760"）。]……ToanotherFriend，inthewayofspeech，hemoredeliberatelysays:"ThedifficultiesI
had，lastCampaign，werealmostinfinite:suchamultitudeofenemiesactingagainstme；Pommern，Brandenburg，Saxony，FrontiersofSilesia，alikeindanger，oftenenoughallatonetime。IfI
escapedabsolutedestructiou，Imustimputeitchieflytothemisconductofmyenemies；whogainedsuchadvantages，buthadnotthesensetofollowthemup。Experienceoftencorrectspeopleoftheirblunders:Icannotexpecttoprofitbyanythingofthatkind；
ontheirpart，inthecourseofthisCampaign:"judgeifitwillbealightone，MONCHER。[ToMitchell，oneevening，"CampofSchlettau，May23d"（Mitchell，ii。159）。]
ThesymptomswedecipherintheseLetters，andotherwise，arethoseofamandrenchedinmisery；butusedtohisblackelement，unaffectedlydefiantofit，ornotatthepainstodefyit；
occupiedonlytodohisveryutmostinit，withorwithoutsuccess，tilltheendcome。Prometheus，chainedontheOcean—cliffs，withtheNewRuling—Powersintheupperhand，andtheirvulturesgraduallyeatinghim；dumbTimeanddumbSpacelookingon，apparentlywithsmallsympathy:PrometheusandotherTitans，nowandthen，havetouchedthesoulofsomeAEschylus，anddrawntonesofmelodioussympathy，farheardamongmankind。ButwiththisnewTitanitisnotso:nor，uponthewhole，withtheproperTitan，inthisworld，isitusuallyso；theworldbeinga——whatshallwesay？——apoorishkindofworld，anditsmelodiesanddissonances，itslovesanditshatredsworthcomparativelylittleinthelong—
run。Friedrichdoeswonderfullywithoutsympathyfromalmostanybody；andtheindifferencewithwhichhewalksalong，undersuchacloudofsulkystupidities，ofmendacitiesandmisconceptionsfromtheherdofmankind，isdecidedlyadmirabletome。
ButletuslookintotheCampaignitself。Perhaps——contrarytotheworld’sopinion，andtoFriedrich’sownwhen，inultra—lucidmoments，hegazesintoitinthelightofcoldarithmetic，andfindstheaspectofit"frightful"——thisCampaignwillbealittleluckiertohimthanthelast？Unluckieritcannotwellbe:——orifso，itwillatleastbefinaltohim！
EndofV19
HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV20
byThomasCarlyleBOOKXX。
FRIEDRICHISNOTTOBEOVERWHELMED:
THESEVEN—YEARSWARGRADUALLYENDS。
25thApril，1760—15thFebruary，1763。
ChapterI。
FIFTHCAMPAIGNOPENS。
Therewereyet，totheworld’ssurpriseandregret，ThreeCampaignsofthisWar；buttheCampaign1760，whichwearenowupon，waswhatproducedorrenderedpossibletheothertwo；——wasthecrisisofthem，andisnowtheonlyonethatcanrequiremuchnarrativefromushere。Ill—luck，which，Friedrichcomplains，hadfollowedhimlikehisshadow，inastrangeandfatefulmanner，fromthedayofKunersdorfandearlier，doesnotyetceaseitssadcompany；but，onthecontrary，forlongmonthstocome，ismoreconstantthanever，bafflingeveryeffortofhisown，andfromthedistancesendinghimnewsofmeredisasteranddiscomfiture。ItisinthisCampaign，thoughnottillfaroninit，thatthelonglanedoesprovetohaveaturning，andtheFortuneofWarrecoversitsoldimpartialform。
Afterwhich，thingsvisiblylanguish:andthehopeofruiningsuchaFriedrichbecomesproblematic，theefforttodoitslackensalso；
theverywillabating，ontheAustrianpart，yearbyyear，asofcoursethestrengthoftheirresourcesisstillmoresteadilydoing。Tothelast，Friedrich，theweakerinmaterialresources，needsallhistalent，——allhislucktoo。But，asthestrength，onbothsides，isfastabating，——hardtosayonwhichsidefaster（Friedrich’stalentbeingalwaysaFIXEDquantity，whileallelseisfluctuatingandvanishing），——whatremainsoftheonceterribleAffair，throughCampaignsSixthandSeventh，islikearacebetweenspenthorses，littletobesaidofitincomparison。Campaign1760
isthelastofanyoutwardeminenceorgreatnessofevent。Letusdiligentlyfollowthat，andbecompendiouswiththeremainder。
FriedrichwasalwaysfamedforhisMarches；but，thisYear，theyexceededallcalculationandexample；andarestilltheadmirationofmilitarymen。Cantherebynomethodbesomedistantnotionaffordedofthemtothegeneralreader？TheyweretheoneresourceFriedrichhadleft，againstsuchoverwhelmingsuperiorityinnumbers；andtheycameoutlikesurprisesinatheatre，——
unpleasantlysurprisingtoDaun。Donewithsuchdexterity，rapidityandinexhaustiblecontrivanceandingenuity，asoversettheschemesofhisenemiesagainandagain，andmadehisonearmyequivalentineffecttotheirthree。
EveningofApril25th，FriedrichrosefromhisFreybergcantonments；movedback，thatis，northward，agoodmarch；
thenencampedhimselfbetweenElbeandtheHill—Country；withfreerprospectandmoreelbow—roomforworkcoming。HisleftisonMeissenandtheElbe；hisrightataVillagecalledtheKatzenhauser，anuncommonlystrongcamp，ofwhichoneoftenhearsafterwards；hiscentrecampisatSchlettau，whichalsoisstrong，thoughnottosuchadegree。ThislineextendsfromMeissensouthwardabout10miles，commandingtheReich—wardPassesoftheMetalMountains，andisdefensiveofLeipzig，TorgauandtheTownsthereabouts。[Tempelhof，iv。16etseq。]KatzenhauserisbutamileortwofromKrogis——thatunfortunateVillagewhereFinckgothisMaxenOrder:"ERWEISS，——YouknowIcan’tstandhavingdifficultiesraised；managetodoit！"
Friedrich’stask，thisYear，istodefendSaxony；PrinceHenrihavingundertakentheRussians，——PrinceHenriandFouquet，theRussiansandSilesia。Clearlyonveryuphillterms，bothofthem:
sothatFriedrichfindshewillhaveagreatmanythingstoassistin，besidesdefendingSaxony。HelieshereexpectanttillthemiddleofJune，abovesevenweeks；Daunalso，forthelasttwoweeks，havingtakenthefieldinasort。Inasort；——butcomesnonearer；merelypostinghimselfastrideoftheElbe，halfinDresden，halfontheoppositeornorthernbankoftheRiver，withLacythrownoutaheadingoodforceonthatvacantside；andsowaitingthecourseofotherpeople’senterprises。
WelltoeastwardandrearwardofDaun，wherewehaveseenLoudonabouttobeverybusy，PrinceHenriandFouquethavespunthemselvesoutintoalongchainofposts，inlength300milesormore，"fromLandshut，alongtheBober，alongtheQueissandOder，throughtheNeumark，abuttingonStettinandColberg，totheBalticSea。"[Tempelhof，iv。21—24。]Onthatside，inaidofLoudonorotherwise，Dauncanattemptnothing；stilllessontheKatzenhauser—Schlettausidecanhedreamofanattempt:
onlytowardsBrandenburgandBerlin——theCountryonthatside，50
or60milesofit，toeastwardofMeissen，beingvacantoftroops——
isDaun’sroadopen，wereheenterprising，asFriedrichhopesheisnot。Forsometwoweeks，Friedrich——notreadyotherwise，itbeingdifficulttocrosstheRiver，ifLacywithhis30，000shouldthinkofinterference——hadtoleavethecunctatoryFeldmarschallthischanceorunlikelypossibility。Attheendofthesecondweek（"June14th，"asweshallmarkbyandby），thechancewaswithdrawn。
DaunandhisLacyarebutone，andthatbynomeansthemostharassing，ofthemanycaresandanxietieswhichFriedrichhasuponhiminthoseSevenWeeks，whilewaitingatSchlettau，readingtheomens。NeverhithertowastheauguryofanyCampaignmoreindecipherabletohim，orsocontinuallyfluctuatingwithwildhopes，whichprovedvisionary，andwithhugepracticalfears，ofwhatheknewtobethereallikelihood。"Peacecoming？"ItisstrangehowlongFriedrichclingstothatfondhope:"MyEdelsheimisintheBastille，orpackedhomeindisgrace:butwillnottheEnglishandChoiseulmakePeace？ItisChoiseul’sonerationalcourse；bankruptasheis，andreducedtospoonsandkettles。
Inwhichcase，whatabeautifuleffectmightDukeFerdinandproduce，ifhemarchedtoEger，saytoEger，withhis50，000
Germans（BritannicMajestyandPittsogracious），andtwitchedDaunbytheskirt，whirlingDaunhometoBohemiainahurry！"ThentheTurks；theDanes，——"MightnottheDanessendusatrifleofFleettoColberg（sincetheEnglishneverwill），andkeepourRussiansatbay？"——"Atlowestthesehopesareconsolatory，"saysheonce，suspectingthemall（as，nodoubt，heoftenenoughdoes），"andgiveuscouragetolookcalmlyfortheopeningofthisCampaign，theveryideaofwhichhasmademeshudder！"["ToPrinceHenri:"inSchoning，ii。246（3dApril，1760）:ib。263
（oftheDANISHoutlook）；&c。&c。]
Meanwhile，bytheendofMay，theRussiansarecomeacrosstheWeichselagain，lieinfourcampsonthehitherside；startaboutJune1st；——Henriwaitingforthem，inSaganCountryhishead—
quarter；andonbothhandsofthat，Fouquetandhespreadout，sincethemiddleofMay，intheirlongthinChainofPosts，fromLandshuttoColbergagain，likeathinwallof300miles。
ToFriedrichtheRussianmovementsare，andhavebeen，fullofenigma:"GoinguponColberg？GoinguponGlogau；uponBreslau？"
Thatisaheavy—footedcertainty，audiblytrampingforwardonus，amidthesefondvisionsoftheair！Certaintoo，andvisibletoadullereyethanFriedrich’s；LoudoninSilesiaismeditatingmischief。"TheinevitableRussians，theinevitableLoudon；andnothingbutFouquetandHenrionguardthere，withtheirlongthinchainofposts，infinitelytoothintodoanyexecution！"thinkstheKing。Towhomtheirmodesofoperatingarebutlittlesatisfactory，asseenatSchlettaufromthedistance。
"Condenseyourself，"urgeshealwaysonHenri；"goforwardontheRussians；attacksharplythisCorps，thatCorps，whiletheyarestillseparateandonmarch！"Henrididcondensehimself，"tookpostbetweenSaganandSprottau；postatFrankfurt，"——poorFrankfurt，isittohaveaKunersdorforZorndorfeveryyear，then？
No；thecautiousHenrinevercouldseehiswayintotheseadventures；anddidnotattackanyCorpsoftheRussians。TookpostatLandsbergultimately，——theRussians，asusual，havingPosenasplace—of—arms，——andvigilantlywatchedtheRussians，withoutcomingtostrokesatall。AspectaclegrowinggraduallyintolerabletotheKing，thoughhetriestoveilhisfeelings。
NeitherwasFouquet’splanofprocedurewellseenbyFriedrichinthedistance。EversincethatofRegimentManteuffel，whichwasabitofdisappointment，Loudonhasbeenquietlyindustriousonabiggerscale。Privatelyhecherishesthehope，beingaswiftvehemententerprisingkindofman，tooustFouquet；andperhapstohaveGlatzFortresstaken，beforehisRussianscome！IntheveryendofMay，Loudon，privatelyaimingforGlatz，breaksinuponSilesiaagain，——alongwaytoeastwardofFouquet，andasifregardlessofGlatz。Uponwhich，Fouquet，indreadforSchweidnitzandperhapsBreslauitself，hasteneddownintothePlainCountry，tomanoeuvreuponLoudon；butfoundnoLoudonmovingthatway；
and，inadayortwo，learnedthatLandshut，soweaklyguarded，hadbeenpickedupbyabigcorpsofAustrians；andinanotherdayortwo，thatLoudon（June7th）hadblockedGlatz，——Loudon’srealintentionnowcleartoFouquet。AsitwastoFriedrichfromthefirst；whoseangerandastonishmentatthislossofLandshutweregreat，whenheheardofitinhisCampofSchlettau。"BacktoLandshut，"ordershe（11thJune，threedaysbeforeleavingSchlettau）；"neitherSchweidnitznorBreslauareindanger:itisGlatztheAustriansmean[asFouquetandalltheworldnowseetheydo！]；watchGlatz；retakemeLandshutinstantly！"
ThetoneofFriedrich，whichisusuallyallfriendlinesstoFouquet，hadonthisoccasionsomethinginitwhichoffendedthepunctualandratherperemptorySpartanmind。FouquetwouldnothaveneglectedGlatz；pityhehadnotbeenlefttohisownmethodswithLandshutandit。Deeplyhurt，hereadthisOrder（16thJune）；
andvowingtoobeyit，andnothingbutit，usedthesewords，whichwererememberedafterwards，tohisassembledGenerals:
"MEINEHERREN，itappears，then，wemusttakeLandshutagain。
Loudon，asthenextthing，willcomeonustherewithhismassofforce；andwemustthen，likePrussians，holdoutaslongaspossible，thinkofnosurrenderonopenfield，butifevenbeaten，defendourselvestothelastman。Incaseofaretreat，Iwillbeoneofthelastthatleavesthefield:andshouldIhavethemisfortunetosurvivesuchaday，IgiveyoumywordofhonornevertodrawaPrussianswordmore。"[Stenzel，v。239。]ThisspeechofFouquet’s（June16th）wastwodaysafterFriedrichgotonmarchfromSchlettau。June17th，FouquetgottoLandshut；droveouttheAustriansmoreeasilythanhehadcalculated，andsetdiligently，nextday，torepairhisworks，writingtoFriedrich:"YourMajesty’sOrdershallbeexecutedhere，whileamanofuslives。"
Fouquet，intheoldCrown—Princetime，usedtobecalledBayardbyhisRoyalfriend。HisRoyalfriend，nowdarkeroffaceandscathedbymuchill—weather，hasjustquittedSchlettau，threedaysbeforethisrecoveryofLandshut；andwillnothavegonefartillheagainhearnewsofFouquet。
NIGHTOFJUNE14th—15th，Friedrich，"betweenZehrenandZabel，"
severalmilesdownstream，——hisbridgesnowallready，outofLacy’scognizance，——hassuddenlycrossedElbe；andnextafternoonpitchescampatBroschwitz，whichisstraighttowardsLacyagain。
ToLacy’sastonishment；whoispostedatMoritzburg，withhead—
quarterinthatbeautifulCountry—seatofPolishMajesty，——only10
milestoeastward，shouldFriedrichtakethatroad。BroschwitzisshortwaynorthofMeissen，andliesontheroadeithertoGrossenhaynortoRadeburg（RadeburgonlyfourmilesnorthwardofLacy），asFriedrichshallseefit，onthemorrow。FortheMeissennorthroadforksoffthere，inthosetwodirections:
straightnorthwardisforGrossenhayn，righthandisforBadeburg。
MostinterestingtoLacy，whichoftheseforks，whatisquiteoptional，Friedrichwilltake！Lacyisanalertman；lookswelltohimself；warnsDaun；andwillnotbecaughtifhecanhelpit。
DaunhimselfisencampedatReichenberg，withintwomilesofhim，inexpugnablyintrenchedasusual；andthedangersurelyisnotgreat:neverthelessboththeseGenerals，wisebyexperience，keeptheireyesopen。
TheFIRSTgreatFeatofMarchingnowfollows，OnFriedrich’spart；
withlittleornoresulttoFriedrich；butworthremembering，sostrenuous，sofruitlesswasit，——sobarredbyillnewsfromwithout！BoththisandtheSecondstandrecordedforus，inbriefintelligenttermsbyMitchell，whowaspresentinboth；andwhoisperfectlyexactoneverypoint，andintelligiblethroughout，——ifyouwillreadhimwithaMap；anddivineforyourselfwhattherealnamesare，outoftheinhumanblotchingsmadeofthem，notbyMitchell’sblameatall。[Mitchell，MemoirsandPapers，ii。160etseq。]
TUESDAY，JUNE17th，seconddayofFriedrich’sstayatBroschwitz，Mitchell，inaveryconfidentialDialoguetheyhadtogether，learnedfromhim，undersealofsecrecy，ThatitwashispurposetomarchforRadeburgto—morrowmorning，andattackLacyandhis30，000，wholieencampedatMoritzburgoutyonder；forwhichstephisMajestywaspleasedfarthertoshowMitchellalittlewhatthevariousinducementswere:"OneRussianCorpsisaimingasifforBerlin；theAustriansareaboutbesiegingGlatz，——pressingneedthatFouquetwerereinforcedinhisSilesianpostofdifficulty。
ThenherearetheReichs—peoplecloseby；canbeinDresdenthreedayshence，joinedtoDaun:80，000oddtherewillthenbeofEnemiesinthispart:ImustbeatLacy，ifpossible，whiletimestillis！"——andendedbysaying:"Succeedhere，andallmayyetbesaved；bebeatenhere，Iknowtheconsequences:butwhatcanIdo？
Theriskmustberun；anditisnowsmallerthanitwilleveragainbe。"
Mitchell，whoseaccountisafortnightlaterthantheDialogueitself，doesconfess，"MyLord，thesereasons，thoughunhappilythethingseemstohavefailed，’appeartometobesolidandunanswerable。’"MuchmoredotheytoTempelhof，whoseesdeeperintothebottomofthemthanMitchelldid；andfindsthatthefailureisonlysuperficial。[Mitchell，MemoirsandPapers，ii。160（Despatch，"June30th，1760"）；
Tempelhof，iv。44。]Therealsuccess，thinksTempelhof，wouldbe，CouldtheKingmanoeuvrehimselfintoSilesia，andenticeacunctatoryDaunawaywithhimthither。AcunctatoryDauntopresideovermattersTHERE，inhissuperstitiouslycautiousway；
leavingSaxonyfreetotheReichsfolk，——whomaHulsen，leftwithhissmallremnantinSchlettau，mighteasilytakechargeof，tillSilesiaweresettled？"Theplanwasbold，wasnew，andcompletelyworthyofFriedrich，"votesTempelhof；"anditrequiredthemostconsummatedelicacyofexecution。TolureDaunon，alwayswiththeprospectopentohimofknockingyouonthehead，andalwaysbyyourrapidityandingenuitytotakecarethathenevergotitdone。"ThisisTempelhof’snotion:andthis，sureenough，wasactuallyFriedrich’smodeofmanagementintheweeksfollowing；
thoughwhetheralreadyaltogetherplannedinhishead，oronlygraduallyplanningitself，asismorelikely，nobodycansay。
Wewilllookaverylittleintotheexecution，concerningwhichthereisnodubiety:——
WEDNESDAY，18thJUNE，"Friedrich，"aspredictedtoMitchell，thenightbefore，"didstartpunctually，inthreecolumns，at3A。M。
[Sunjustrising]；and，afterahotmarch，gotencampedonthesouthwardsideofRadeburg:readytocrosstheRodernStreamthereto—morrow，asifintendingfortheLausitz[shouldthatproveneedfulforalluringLacy]，——andinthemeanwhileveryinquisitivewhereLacymightbe。OneofLacy’soutposts，thoseSaxonlighthorse，wasfalleninwith；waschasedhome，andLacy’scampdiscovered，thatnight。AtBernsdorf，notthreemilestosouthwardorrightofus；Daunonlyanotherthreetosouthofhim。LetusattackLacyto—morrowmorning；windroundtogetbetweenDaunandhim，[Tempelhof，iv。47—49。]——withfitarrangements；rapidaslight！IntheKing’stent，accordingly，hisGeneralsareassembledtotaketheirOrders；brief，distinct，andtobedonewithbrevity。
AndallareonthemoveforBernsdorfat4nextmorning；
when，behold，——
"THURSDAY，19th，AtBernsdorfthereisnoLacytobefound。
CautionsDornhasorderedhimin，——andnotforLacy’ssake，asappears，butforhisown:’Hitherward，youalertLacy；tocovermyrightflankhere，myHillofReichenberg，——lestitbenotimpregnableenoughagainstthatfelineenemy！’Andtheretheyhavetakenpost，say60，000against30，000；andarepalisadingtoaquiteextraordinarydegree。NofightpossiblewithLacyorDaun。"
ThisiswhatMitchellcountsthefailureofFriedrich’senterprise:
andcertainlyitgrievedFriedrichagooddeal。Who，onridingouttoreconnoitreReichenberg（QuintusIciliusandBattalionQUINTUS
partofhisescort，ifthatbeaninterestingcircumstance]，findsReichenbergaplainlyunattackablepost；finds，byDaun’srateofpalisading，thattherewillbenoattackfromDauneither。
NoattackfromDaun；——and，therefore，thatHulsen’speoplemaybesenthometoSchlettauagain；andthathe，Friedrich，willtakepostcloseby，andwearisomelybecontenttowaitforsomenewopportunity。
Whichhedoesforaweektocome；Daunsittingimpregnable，intrenchedandpalisadedtotheteeth，——ratherwishingtobeattacked，youwouldsay；orhopefulsometimesofdoingsomethingoftheHochkirchsortagain（forthecountryiswoody，andtheenemyaudacious）；——atallevents，veryclearnottoattack。Amanerring，sometimestoanotabledegree，byover—caution。"CouldhardlyhavefailedtooverwhelmFriedrich’ssmallforce，hadheatonce，onFriedrich’scrossingtheElbe，joinedLacy，andgoneoutagainsthim，"thinksTempelhof，pointingouttheformofoperationtoo。
[Tempelhof，iv。42，48。]Cautionisexcellent；butnotquitebyitself。Wouldcautionalonedoit，anArmyallofDruidicwhinstones，orinnocentclay—sacks，incapableoftakinghurt，wouldbetheproperone！——Daunstoodthere；Friedrichlookingdailyintohim，——visiblyinillhumor，saysMitchell；andnowonder；gloomyandsurlywordscomingoutofhim，tothedistressofhisGenerals:
"WhichItookthelibertyofhinting，oneevening，tohisMajesty；"
hintgraciouslyreceived，andofeffectperceptible，atleasttomyimagining。
WEDNESDAY，JUNE25th，Afternearlyaweekofthis，thererose，towardssunset，allovertheReichenberg，andfarandwide，anexuberantjoy—firing:"Forwhatintheworld？"thinksFriedrich。
Alas，yourMajesty，——sinceyourownmessengerhasnotarrived，norindeedeverwill，beingpickedupbyPandours，——here，gatheredfromtheAustrianoutpostsordeserters，arenewsforyou，fatalenough！
Landshutisdone；Fouquetandhisvaliant13，000aretroddenoutthere。IndignantFouquethasobeyedyou，notwiselybuttoowell。
HehaskeptLandshutsixnightsandfivedays。Onthemorningofthesixthday，hereiswhatbefell:——
"LANDSHUT，MONDAY，23dJUNE，Aboutaquartertotwointhemorning，Loudon，whohadgathered31，000horseandfootforthebusiness，andtakenhismeasures，firedaloft，bywayofsignal，fourhowitzersintothegrayofthesummermorning；andburstlooseuponFouquet，invariouscolumns，onhissouthwardfront，onbothflanks，ultimatelyinhisreartoo:columnsallintheheightoffightinghumor，confidentasthreetoone，——andhavingbrandyinthem，itislikewisesaid。Fouquetandhispeoplestoodtoarms，inthetemperFouquethadvowedtheywould:defendedtheirHillswithanenergy，withasteadyskill，whichLoudonhimselfadmired；
buttheirHill—workswouldhaveneededthricethenumber；——Fouquet，bydetachingandotherwise，hasinarmsonly10，680men。Toughlyastheystrove，afterpartialsuccesses，theybegantoloseoneHill，andthenanother；andinthecourseofhours，nearlyalltheirHills。LandshutTownLoudonhadtakenfromthem，Landshutanditsroads:intheend，thePrussianpositionisbecomingpermeable，plainlyuntenable；——Austrianforceismovingtotheirrearwardtoblocktheretreat。
"Seeingwhichlatterfact，FouquetthrowsoutallhisCavalry，apoor1，500，tosecurethePassesoftheBober；himselfformedsquarewiththewrecksofhisInfantry；and，atasteadystep，cutswayforhimselfwithbayonetandbullet。Withsingularsuccessforsometime，inspiteoftheodds。AndisclearacrosstheBober；
whenlo，amongtheknollsahead，massesofAustrianCavalryareseenwaitinghim，besettingeverypassage！Eventhesedonotbreakhim；butthese，withinfantryandcannoncominguptohelpthem，do。Here，forsometime，wasthefiercesttugofall，——tillabullethavingkilledFouquet’shorse，andcarriedtheGeneralhimselftotheground，thespasmended。TheLichnowskiDragoons，afamedAustrianregiment，whohadchargedandagainchargedwithnothingbutrepulseonrepulse，nowbrokein，allinafoamofrage；cutfuriouslyuponFouquethimself；woundedFouquetthrice；
wouldhavekilledhim，haditnotbeenfortheheroismofpoorTrautschke，hisGroom[letusnamethegallantfellow，evenifunpronounceable]，whoflunghimselfonthebodyofhisMaster，andtookthebloodystrokesinsteadofhim；shriekinghisloudest，’WillyoumurdertheCommandingGeneral，then！’WhichbroughtuptheColonelofLichnowski；aGentlemanandRitter，abhorrentofsuchpractices。TohimFouquetgavehissword；——kepthisvownevertodrawitagain。
"ThewrecksofFouquet’sInfantrywere，manyofthem，massacred，noquartergiven；suchtheunchivalrousfurythathadrisen。
HisCavalry，withthelossofabout500，cuttheirwaythrough。
TheyandsomestragglersofFoot，inwholeabout1，500ofbothkinds，werewhatremainedofthose10，680afterthisbloodymorning’swork。Therehadbeenaboutsixhoursofit；’alloverby8o’clock。’"[Hofberichtvonderam23Junius，1760，beyLandshuthvorgefallenenAction（inSeyfarth，
Beylagen，ii。669—671）；Helden—Geschichte，vi。258—284；Tempelhof，iv。26—41；Stenzel，v。241
（who，byoversight，——thisVolumebeingposthumoustopoorStenzel，——protractstheActionto"half—past7intheevening"）。]
Fouquethasobeyedtotheletter:"DidnotmyKingwrongme？"
Fouquetmaysaytohimself。Truly，HerrGeneral，yourKing’sOrderwasalittleunwise；asyou（whowereontheground，andyourKingnot）knewittobe。AnunwiseOrder；——perhapsnotinexcusableinthesuddencircumstances。AndperhapsastillmoreperfectBayardwouldhavepreferredobeyingsuchaKinginspirit，ratherthaninletter，andtherebydoinghimvitalserviceAGAINSThistemporarywill？ItisnotdoubtedbutFouquet，lefttohimselfandhis13，000，withtheFortressesandGarrisonsabouthim，wouldhavemaintainedhimselfinSilesiatillhelpcame。Theissueis，——
FouquethasprobablylostthisfineKinghisSilesia，forthetimebeing；andbeyondanyquestion，haslosthim10，000Prussian—
Spartanfighters，andafineGeneralwhomhecouldillspare！——Inaword，theGateofSilesiaisburstopen；andLoudonhaseveryprospectoftakingGlatz，whichwillkeepitso。
Whatathunder—boltforFriedrich！Oneofthelastpillarsstruckawayfromhistotteringaffairs。"Inevitable，then？Weareoverwithit，then？"OnemayfancyFriedrich’sreflections。Butheshowednothingofthemtoanybody；inafewhours，hadhismindcomposed，andnewplansontheanvil。OnthemorrowofthatAustrianJoy—Firing，——morrow，orsomedaycloseonit（oughttohavebeendated，butisnot），——therewentfromhim，toMagdeburg，theOrder:"HavemesuchandsuchquantitiesofSiege—Artilleryinastateofreadiness。"[Tempelhof，iv。51。]Alreadymeaning，itisthought，orcontemplatingaspossibleacertainSiege，whichsurprisedeverybodybeforelong！Amostinventive，enterprisingbeing；noendtohiscontrivancesandunexpectedoutbreaks；
especiallywhenyouhavehimjammedintoacorner，andfancyitisalloverwithhim！
"TonootherGeneral，"saysTempelhof，"wouldsuchanotionofbesiegingDresdenhaveoccurred；orifithadsuggesteditself，thehideousdifficultieswouldatoncehavebanisheditagain，orleftitonlyasapiouswish。Butitisstrokesofthiskindthatcharacterizethegreatman。Oftenenoughtheyhavesucceeded，beendecisiveofgreatcampaignsandwars，andbecomesplendidintheeyesofallmankind；sometimes，asinthiscase，theyhaveonlydeservedtosucceed，andtobesplendidintheeyesofjudges。
Howgetthesemassesofenemiesluredaway，sothatyoucouldtrysuchathing？Therelaythedifficulty；insuperablealtogether，exceptbythemostfineandappropriatetreatment。Ofatruth，itrequiredaconnectedseriesofthewisestmeasuresandmostsecretartificesofwar；——andwithal，thatyoushouldthrowoverthemsuchaveilaswouldleadyourenemytoseeinthempreciselythereverseofwhattheymeant。Howallthiswastobesetinaction，andhowtheEnemy’sownplans，intentionsandmoodsofmindweretobeusedasrawmaterialforattainmentofyourobject，——studiousreaderswillbestseeinthemanoeuvresoftheKinginhisnowmorethancriticalcondition；whichdocertainlyexhibitthecompletestmasterpieceintheArtofleadingArmiesthatEuropehaseverseen。"
Tempelhofiswellenoughaware，asreadersshouldcontinuetobe，that，primarily，andonwardforthreeweeksmore，notDresden，butthegettingtoSilesiaongoodterms，isFriedrich’smainenterprise:Dresdenonlyasupplementorsubstitute，asecondstringtohisbow，tillthefirstfail。But，ineffect，thetwoenterprisesorstringscoincide，orareone，tillthefirstofthemfail；andTempelhof’seulogywillapplytoeither。TheinitiatorysteptoeitherisaSecondFeatofMarching；——stillnotablerthantheformer，whichhashadthispoorissue。Soldiersofthestudiousorscientificsort，ifthereareyetanysuchamongus，willnaturallygotoTempelhof，andfearlesslyencountertheruggedestDocumentsandBooks，ifTempelhofleavethemdubiousonanypoint（whichhehardlywill）:toingenuousreadersofothersorts，whowilltakealittlepainsforunderstandingthething，perhapsthefollowingintermittentfar—offglimpsesmaysuffice。[Mitchell，ii。
162etseq。；andTempelhof（iv。50—53etseq。），asascientificcheckonMitchell，orunconsciousfellow—witnesswithhim，——
agreeingbeautifullyalmostalways。]
OnascertainingtheLandshutdisaster，Friedrichfallsbackalittle；northwardtoGross—Dobritz:"PossiblyDaunwillthinkuscowedbywhathashappened；andmaytrysomethingonus？"DaunisbynomeanssureofthisCOWEDphenomenon，oroftheretreatithasmade；andtriesnothingonit；onlyridesupdailytoit，toascertainthatitisthere；anddiligentlysendsoutpartiestowatchtheNortheastwardparts，whereruntheSilesianRoads。
Afteraboutaweekofthis，andsomedisappointments，Friedrichdecidestomarchinearnest。Therehad，oneday，comereportofLacy’sbeingdetached，LacywithastrongDivision，toblocktheSilesianroads；butthat，ontrial，provedtobefalse。
"Pshaw，nothingforusbuttogoourselves！"concludesFriedrich，——
and，JULY1st，sendsoffhisBakeryandHeavyBaggage；indicatingtoMitchell，"To—morrowmorningat3！"——HereisMitchell’sownaccount；accurateineveryparticular，aswefind:[Mitchell，ii。
164；Tempelhof，iv。54。]
WEDNESDAY，JULY2d。"FromGross—DobritztoQuosdorf[toQuosdorf，apoorHamletthere，notQuoLsdorf，asmanywrite，whichisaTownfarenoughfromthere]——theArmymarchedaccordingly。Intwocolumns；baggage，bakeryandartilleryinathird；throughacountryextremelycoveredwithwood。WereattackedbysomeUhlansandHussars；whomafewcannon—shotsenttotheroadagain。
Marchlastedfrom3inthemorningto3intheafternoon；"
twelvelonghours。"Wentnortheastwardaspaceof20miles，leavingRadeburg，muchmoreleavingReichenberg，MoritzburgandtheDaunquarterswelltotheright，andatlastquitetorearward；
crossedtheRoder，crossedthePulsnitz，"smalltributariesorsub—
tributariesoftheElbeinthoseparts；"crossedthelatter（whichdividesMeissenfromtheLausitz）partlybytheBridgeofKrakau，firstVillageintheLausitz。Head—quarterwasthepoorHamletofQuosdorf，amilefartheron。’Thismarchhadbeencarefullykeptsecret，’saysMitchell；’anditwastheopinionofthemostexperiencedOfficers，that，hadtheEnemydiscoveredtheKingofPrussia’sdesign，theymight，byplacingtheirlighttroopsintheroadswithpropersupports，haverendereditextremelydifficult，ifnotimpracticable。’"
DaunveryearlygottoknowofFriedrich’sdeparture，andwhitherward；whichwasextremelyinterestingtoDaun:"AimstobeinSilesiabeforeme；willcutoutLoudonfromhisfineprospectsonGlatz？"——andhadinstantlyreinforced，perhapsto20，000，Lacy’sDivision；andorderedLacy，whoisthenearesttoFriedrich’sMarch，tostartinstantlyontheskirtsofsaidMarch，andendeavordiligentlytotrampleonthesame。ForthepurposeofharassingsaidMarch，Lacyistodowhateverhewithsafetycan（whichweseeisnotmuch:"afewUhlansandHussars"）；atlowest，istokeepitconstantlyinsight；andalwaysencampasnearitashedare；
[Tempelhof，iv。54。]——Daunhimselfgirdinguphisloins；
andpreparing，byashort—cut，togetaheadofitinadayortwo。
Lacywasalertenough，butcouldnotdomuchwithsafety:afewUhlansandHussars，thatwasall；andheisnowencampedsomewheretorearward，asnearashedare。
THURSDAY，3dJULY。"Arest—day；ArmyrestingaboutKrakau，aftersuchaspellthroughthewoodymoors。TheKing，withsmallescort，ridesoutreconnoitring，hither，thither，onthesouthernsideorLacyquarter:tothetopoftheKeulenberg（BLUDGEONHILL），atlast，——whichistenoradozenmilesfromKrakauandQuosdorf，butcommandsanextensiveview。Towns，village—belfries，coursesofstreams；acountryofmossywoodsandwildagricultures，ofbogs，ofshaggymoor。Southward10milesisRadeberg[notRadebUrg，observe]；yonderisthetownofPulsnitzonourstreamofPulsnitz；
tosoutheast，andtwiceasfar，isBischofswerda，chasmyStolpen（toowellknowntousbeforethis）:behindus，Konigsbruck，KamenzandtheroadfromGrossenhayntoBautzen:theseandmanyotherplacesmemorabletothisKingarediscoverablefromBludgeonHill。
ButthediscoveryofdiscoveriestohimisLacy’sCamp，——notveryfaroff，aboutamilebehindPulsnitz；clearlyvisible，atLichtenbergyonder。Whichweatoncedeterminetoattack；which，andtheroadstowhich，aretheoneobjectofinterestjustnow，——nothingelsevisible，asitwere，onthetopoftheKeulenberghere，orasweridehomeward，meditatingitwithapracticalview。
’Marchatmidnight，’thatisthepracticalresultarrivedat，onreachinghome。"
FRIDAY，JULY4th。"Sincethestrokeofmidnightweareallonmarchagain；nothingbutthebaggagesandbakeriesleft[withQuintustowatchthem，whichIseeishiscommonfunctioninthesemarches]；
KinghimselfintheVanguard，——whohopestogiveLacyasalutation。
[Tempelhof，iv。56。]’Themarchwasfullofdefiles，’saysMitchell:andMitchell，inhiscarriage，knewlittlewhataregionitwas，withboggyintricacies，lakelets，tanglythickets，stocksandstumps；orwhatabusinesstopasswithheavycannon，baggage—
wagonsandcolumnsofmen！Suchamarch；andagainnotfarfromtwentymilesofit:veryhot，asthemorningbroke，inthebreathlesswoods。HadLacyknownwhatkindofgroundwehadtomarchin，andbeenenterprising——！thinksTempelhof。Themarchbeingsoretarded，Lacygotnoticeofit，andvanishedquiteaway，——toBischofswerda，Ibelieve，andtheprotectingneighborhoodofDaun。Nothingofhimleftwhenweemerge，simultaneouslyfromthishandandfromthat，onhisfrontandonhisrear，totakehimasinavice，asinthesuddensnapofafox—trap；——foxquitegone。
Hardlyafewhussarsofhimtobepickedup；andnochasepossible，aftersuchamarch。"
Friedrichhaddoneeverythingtokeephimselfsecret:butLacyhasendlessPandoursprowlingabout；and，Isuppose，theCountry—people（intheLausitzhere，whooughttohaveloyalty）areontheLacyside。Friedrichhastotakehisdisappointment。Heencampshere，ontheHeights，head—quarterPulsnitz，——tillQuintuscomeupwiththebaggage，whichhedoespunctually，butnottillnightfall，nottillmidnightthelastofhim。
SATURDAY，JULY5th。"Totheroadagainat3A。M。Againtonorthward，toKloster（CLOISTER）Marienstern，a15milesorso，——
head—quarterintheCloisteritself。DaunhadsetoffforBautzen，withhis50or60，000，intheextremestpushofhaste，andisatBautzenthisnight；aheadofFriedrich，withLacyasrear—guardofhim，whoisalsoaheadofFriedrich，andsafeatBischofswerda。
ADaunhasteningasneverbefore。ThisnewsofaDaunalreadyatBautzenawakenedFriedrich’sutmostspeed:’Neverdo，thatDaunbeinSilesiabeforeus！IndispensabletogetaheadofBautzenandhim，ortobewaitingontheflankofhisnextmarch！’Accordingly，"SUNDAY，JULY6th，Friedrich，at3A。M。，isagaininmotion；
inthreecolumns，streamingforwardallday:straighteastward，Daun—ward。IntendstocrosstheSpree，leavingBautzentotheright；andtakepostsomewheretonortheastofBautzen，andontheflankofDaun。Thewindlessdaygrowshotterandhotter；theroadsareofloosesand，fullofjunglesandimpediments。ThiswassuchamarchforheatanddifficultyastheKingneverhadbefore。
InfrontofeachColumnwentwagonswithafewpontoons；therebeingmanybrooksandlittlestreamstocross。Thesoldier，forhisownhealth’ssake，isstrictlyforbiddentodrink；butastheburningdayrosehigher，intheswelteringclosemarch，thirstgrewirresistible。CrossinganyoftheseBrooks，thesoldierspouncedown，irrepressible，wholeranksofthem；liftwater，cleanordirty；drinkitgreedilyfromthebrimofthehat。Sergeantsmaywagtheirtonguesandtheircudgelsatdiscretion:’showersofcudgel—strokes，’saysArchenholtz；Sergeantsgoinglikethreshersonthepoormen；——’thoughtheupperOfficershadatouchofmercy，andaffectednottoseethisdisobediencetotheSergeantsandtheircudgels，’whichwaspunishablewithdeath。Warisnotanover—fondMother，butasufficientlySpartanone，toherSons。
Theredroptdown，inthemarchthatday，105Prussianmen，whoneverroseagain。AndastointerceptingDaunbysuchvelocity，——
Dauntooisonmarch；gonetoGorlitz，atalmostafasterpace，ifatafarheavier，——likeacart—horseongallop；faringstillworseintheheat:’200ofDaun’smendiedontheroadthisday，and300
morewereinvalidedforlife。’[Tempelhof，iv。58；Archenholtz，ii。
68；Mitchell，ii。166。]
"BeforereachingtheSpree，Friedrich，whoisintheVanguard，hearsofthisGorlitzMarch，andthatthebirdisflown。Forwhichhehas，therefore，todevisestraightwayanewexpedient:’Wheeltotheright；crossSpreefartherdown，holdingtowardsBautzenitself，’ordersFriedrich。AndsettleswithintwomilesofBautzen；
hisleftbeingatDoberschutz，——onthestronggroundheheldafterHochkirch，whileDaun，twoyearsago，satwatchingsoquiescent。
DaunknowswhatkindofmarchthesePrussians，blockedoutfromreliefofNeisse，stoleonhimTHEN，andsavedtheirSilesia，inspiteofhiswatchingandblocking；——andhasplungedoff，inthemannerofacart—horsescaredintogalloping，toavoidthelike。"
WhataSabbath—day’sjourney，onbothsides，forthoseSonsofWar！
NothingintheRomantimes，thoughtheyhadlessbaggage，comesuptosuchmodernmarching:noristhisthefastestofFriedrich’s，thoughofDaun’situnspeakablyis。"Friedrich，havingmissedDaun，isthinkingnowtowhirlround，andgointoLacy，——whichwillcertainlybringDaunback，evenbetter。
"Thisevening，accordingly，ZiethenoccupiesBautzen；sweepsoutcertainLacyprecursors，cavalryinsomestrength，whoarethere。
LacyhascomeonasfarasBischofswerda:andhisHorse—peopleseemtobewideahead；provokinglypertuponFriedrich’soutposts，whodeterminestochastisethemthefirstthingto—morrow。
To—morrow，asisveryneedful，istobearest—dayotherwise。
ForFriedrich’sweariedpeoplearest—day；notatallforDaun’s，whocontinueshisheavy—footedgallopingyetanotherdayandanother，tillhegetacrosstheQueiss，andactuallyreachSilesia。"
MONDAY，JULY7th。"Rest—dayaccordingly，inBautzenneighborhood；
nothingpassingbutacuriousSkirmishofHorse，——inwhichFriedrich，whohadgonewestwardreconnoitring，seekingLacy，hadthemainshare，andwasnotablysituatedforsometime。Godau，asmalltownorvillage，sixmileswestofBautzen，wasthesceneofthisnotablepassage:actorsinitwereFriedrichhimself，onthePrussianpart；and，ontheAustrian，bydegreesLacy’sCavalryalmostinwhole。Lacy’sCavalry，whatFriedrichdoesnotknow，areallinthoseneighborhoods:andnosoonerisGodausweptclearofthem，thantheyreturningreaternumbers，needingtobeagainswept；and，infact，theygraduallygatherinuponhim，inasingularanddangerousmanner，afterhisfirstsuccessesonthem，andbeforehisInfantryhavetimetogetupandsupport。
"Friedrichwastooimpatientinthisprovokinglittlehaggle，arrestinghimhere。HehadorderedonthesuitableBattalionwithcannon；buthardlyconsidersthattheBattalionitselfissixmilesoff，——nottospeakoftheOrder，whichisgallopingonhorseback，notgoingbyelectricity:——theimpatientFriedrichhadslashedinatonceuponGodau，takenabove100prisoners；butisastonishedtoseetheslashedpeoplereturn，withSaxon—Dragoonregiments，allmannerofregiments，reinforcingthem。Andhassomereallydangerousfencingthere；——issuingindangerousandcuriouspauseofbothparties；whostanddrawnup，scarcelybeyondpistol—shot，andgazingintooneanother，forIknownothowmanyminutes；
neitherofthemdaringtomoveoff，lest，ontheinstantofturning，itbechargedandoverwhelmed。AstheimpatientFriedrich，atlast，almostwas，——hadnothisInfantryjustthengotin，andgiventheircannon—salvo。Helostabout200，theLacypeoplehardlysomany；andisnowoutofaconsiderablepersonaljeopardy，whichisstillcelebratedintheAnecdote—Books，perhapstoamythicalextent。’TwoUhlans[Saxon—PolishLight—Horse]，withtheirtruculentpikes，arejustplungingin，’saytheAnecdote—Books:
Friedrich’sPage，whohadgotunhorsed，sprangtohisfeet，bellowedinPolishtothem:’Whatareyoudoinghere，fellows？’
’Excellenz[forthePageisnotinPrussianuniform，orinuniformatall，onlywell—dressed]，Excellenz，ourhorsesranawaywithus，’answerthepoorfellows；andwhirlbackrapidly。"Thestory，saysRetzow，istrue。[Retzow，ii。215。]
ThisistheoneeventofJuly7th，——andofJuly8thwithal；
whichdayalso，onnewsofDaunthatcome，Friedrichrests。UptoJuly8th，itisclearFriedrichisshootingwithwhatwecalledthefirststringofhisbow，——intent，namely，onSilesia。Nor，onhearingthatDaunisforwardagain，nowhopelesslyahead，doeshequitthatenterprise；but，onthecontrasy，to—morrowmorning，July9th，triesitbyanewmethod，asweshallsee:methodcunninglydevisedtosuitthesecondstringaswell。"Howluckythatwehaveasecondstring，incaseoffailure！"——
TUESDAY，8thJULY。"NewsthatDaunreachedGorlitzyesternight；
andisdueto—nightatLauban，fiftymilesaheadofus:——nohopenowofreachingDaun。PerhapsasuddenclutchatLacy，intheoppositedirection，mightbethemethodofrecallingDaun，andreachinghim？Thatisthemethodfallenupon。
"Sunbeingset，thedrumsinBautzensoundTATTOO，——audibletolisteningCroatsintheEnvirons；——beatTATTOO，and，laterinthenight，otherpassagesofdrum—music，alsoforCroatbehoof（GENERAL—MARCHIthinkitis）；indicatingThatwehavestartedagain，inpursuitofDaun。Andinshort，everyprecautionbeingtakentosoothethemindofLacyandtheCroats，Friedrichsilentlyissues，withhisbestspeed，inThreecolumns，byThreeroads，towardsLacy’squarters，whichgofromthatvillageofGodauwestward，inalooseway，severalmiles。Inthreecolumns，bythreeroutes，alltoconverge，withpunctuality，onLacy。Ofthecolumns，twoareofInfantry，theleftmostandtherightmost，oneachhand，hiddenasmuchaspossible；oneisofCavalryinthemiddle。
Comingoninthismanner——likeapairoftriple—pincers，whicharetogripsimultaneouslyonLacy，andastonishhim，ifhekeepquiet。
ButLacyisvigilant，andiscautiousalmostinexcess。LearningbyhisPandoursthattheKingseemstobecomingthisway，Lacygathershimselfontheinstant；quitsGodau，byoneinthemorning；