"SIRE，——YourMajestyhasgivenmesuchassuranceofyourgoodnessandyourfriendship，thatIwillnowappealtothatpromise。
　　Youhaveassuredus，too，thatyouwouldwithpleasurecontributetosecurePolandforus。Themomentiscomeforaccomplishingthatpromise。TheKingisdead[diedthisveryday；seeif_I_losetimeinsentimentallamentations！]——withhimthesegrievancesofRussia[ourstiffnessonCourlandandthelike]mustbeextinct；
　　theratheraswe[thenowreigning]willlendourselveswillinglytoeverythingthatcanberequiredofusforperfectreconcilementwiththatPower。
　　"Youcandoall，ifyouwillit；youcancontributetothisreconcilement。Youcanrenderitfavorabletous。Youwill，givemethatproofoftheflatteringsentimentsIhavebeensoproudofhitherto，"——won’tyou，now？"Russiacannotdisapprovethemediationyoumightdeigntoofferonthatbehalf；——ourintentionsbeingsohonestlyamicable，andallgroundofcontroversyhavingdiedwiththelateKing。Russiareconciled，ourviewsonthePolishCrownmightatoncebedeclared（ECLATER）。"Oh，doit，yourMajesty；——"mygratitudeshallonlyendwithlife！——M。A。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiv。47。]
　　Friedrich，whoisbusynegotiatinghisTreatywithRussia（perfected11thAprilnext），andunderstandsthattheywillmeannottohaveaSaxon，buttohaveaPiast，andperhapsdimlyevenwhatPiast（StanislausPoniatowski，theEMERITUSLover），whowillbetheirown，andnotSaxony’satall，——musthavebeenalittleembarrassedbysuchanappealfromhisfairfriendatthismoment。
　　"Waitalittle；don’tansweryet，"wouldhaveoccurredtothecommonmind。ButthatwasnotFriedrich’sresource:heanswersbyreturnofpost，asalwaysinsuchcases；——andinthefollowingadroitmannerbrushesoff，withouthurttoit，withkissestoitrather，thebeautifulhandthathashimbythebutton:——
　　TOTHEELECTRESSMARIE—ANTOINE（atDresden）。
　　"BERLIN，8thOctober，1763。
　　"MADAMMYSISTER，——IbeginbymakingmycondolencesandmycongratulationstoyourElectoralHighnessonthedeathoftheKingyourFather—in—law，andonyourAccessiontotheElectorate。
　　"YourElectoralHighnesswillrememberwhatIwrote，notlongsince，ontheaffairsofPoland。Iamafraid，Madam，thatRussiawillbemorecontrarytoyouthanyouthink。M。deWoronzow[famousGrand—ChancellorofRussia；savedhimselfdexterouslyinthelatePeter—Catharineoverturn；hassincefallenintodisfavorforhisnotionsaboutourGregoryOrlof，andisnowonhiswaytoItaly，"forhealth’ssake，"inconsequence]，whoisjustarrivedhere，["Hadhisaudience7thOctober"（yesterday）:Rodenbeck，ii。224。]
　　toldme，too，ofsomethingswhichraiseanillauguryofthisaffair。Ifyoudonotdisapproveofmyspeakingfranklytoyou，itseemstomethatitwouldbesuitableinyoutosendsomediscreetDiplomatisttothatCourttonotifytheKing’sdeath；andyouwouldlearnbyhimwhatyouhavetoexpectfromherCzarishMajesty[theEmpress，healwayscallsher，knowingsheprefersthattitle]。
　　Itseemstome，Madam，thatitwouldbeprecipitateprocedureshouldIwishtoengageyouinanEnterprise，whichappearstomyselfabsolutelydubious（HASARDEE），unlessapprovedbythatPrincess。Astome，Madam，Ihavenottheascendanttherewhichyousuppose:IactunderruleofallthedelicaciesanddiscretionswithaCourtwhichseparateditselffrommyEnemieswhenallEuropewishedtocrushme:butIamfarfrombeingabletoregulatetheEmpress’swayofthinking。
　　"ItisthesamewiththequarrelsabouttheDukeofCourland；
　　onecannotattemptmediationexceptbyconsentofbothparties。
　　IbelieveIamnotmistakeninsupposingthattheCourtofRussiadoesnotmeantoterminatethatbusinessbyforeignmediation。
　　WhatIhaveheardaboutit（what，however，isfoundedonlyonvaguenews）is，ThattheEmpressmightprevailuponherself（POURRAITSE
　　RESOUDRE）topurchasefromBruhlthePrincipalityofZips[Zips，ontheedgeofHungary；letreaderstakenoteofthatPrincipality，atpresentinthehandofBruhl，——whohasmuchdisgustedPolandbyhisvoracityforLands；andisdisgorgingthemallagain，poorsoul！]，togiveittoPrinceKarlincompensation:butthatwouldleadtoanegotiationwiththeCourtofVienna，whichmightinvolvetheaffairinothercontentions。
　　"Iconjureyou，Madam，Irepeatit，Benotprecipitateinanything；
　　lest，asmyfearis，youreplungeEuropeintothetroublesithasonlyjustescapedfrom！Astome，Ihavefound，sincethePeace，somuchtodowithinmyownborders，thatIhavenot，Iassureyou，hadtime，Madam，tothinkofgoingabroad。IconfinemyselftoformingathousandwishesfortheprosperityofyourElectoralHighness，assuringyouofthehighesteemwithwhichIam，——F。"
　　[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiv。48。]
　　AftersomefartherLetters，ofeloquentlypressingsolicitationonthepartoftheLady，andearnestadvising，aswellaspolitefencing，onthepartofFriedrich，thelatterwrites:——
　　FRIEDRICHTOELECTRESS。
　　"MADAMMYSISTER，——AtthismomentIreceiveaLetterfromtheEmpressofRussia，thecontentsofwhichdonotappeartomefavorable，Madam，toyourhopes。Sherequires（EXIGE）thatIshouldinstructmyMinisterinPolandtoactentirelyinconcertwiththeCountKayserling；andsheaddstheseverywords:’Iexpect，fromthefriendshipofyourMajesty，thatyouwillnotallowapassagethroughyourterritory，northeentryintoPoland，toSaxontroops，whoaretoberegardedthereabsolutelyasstrangers。’
　　"UnlessyourLetters，Madam[MadamhadsaidthatshehadwrittentotheEmpress，assuringher&c。]changethesentimentsoftheEmpress，IdonotseeinwhatwaytheElectorcouldarriveatthethroneofPoland；andconsequently，whetherIdeferredtothewishesoftheEmpressinthispoint，orrefusedtodoso，youwouldnotthemorebecomeQueen；andImightcommitmyselfagainstaPowerwhichIoughttokeepwellwith（MENAGER）。Iampersuaded，Madam，thatyourElectoralHighnessentersintomyembarrassment；
　　andthat，unlessyoufindyourselfsuccessfulinchangingtheEmpress’sownideasonthismatter，youwillnotrequireofmethatIshouldembroilmyselffruitlesslywithaneighborwhodeservesthegreatestconsiderationfromme。
　　"AllthisisoneconsequenceofthecoursewhichCountBruhlinducedhislatePolishMajestytotakewithregardtotheinterestsofPrinceKarlinCourland；andyourElectoralHighnesswillremember，thatIoftenrepresentedtoyoutheinjurywhichwouldarisetohimfromit。
　　"Iwillwish，Madam，thatotheropportunitiesmayoccur，whereitmaybeinmypowertoprovetoyourElectoralHighnesstheprofoundesteemandconsiderationwithwhichIam——"——F。[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiv。52。]
　　ELECTRESSTOFRIEDRICH。
　　"DRESDEN，11thNovember，1763。
　　"SIRE，——Iamnotyetdisheartened。Ilovetoflattermyselfwithyourfriendship，Sire，andIwillnoteasilyrenouncethehopethatyouwillgivemearealmarkofitinanaffairwhichinterestsmesostrongly。NobodyhasgreaterascendencyoverthemindoftheEmpressofRussiathanyourMajesty；useit，Sire，toinclineittoourfavor。Ourobligationwillbeinfinite……Whyshouldshebeabsolutelyagainstus？Whathasshetofearfromus？TheCourlandbusiness，ifthatstickswithher，couldbeterminatedinasuitablemanner。"——TroopsintoPoland，Sire？"MyHusbandsolittlethinksofsendingtroopsthither，thathehasgivenordersforthereturnofthosealreadythere。HedoesnotwishtheCrownexceptfromthefreesuffragesoftheNation:iftheEmpressabsolutelyrefusetohelphimwithhergoodoffices，lether，atleast，notbeagainsthim。Dotry，Sire。"[Ib。xxiv。53。]——Friedrichanswers，afterfourdays，orbyreturnofpost——ButwewillgivetherestintheformofDialogue。
　　FRIEDRICH（afterfourdays）……"If，Madam，IhadCrownstogiveaway，Iwouldplacethefirstonyourhead，asmostworthytobearit。ButIamfarfromsuchaposition。IhavejustgotoutofahorribleWar，whichmyenemiesmadeuponmewitharagealmostbeyondexample；Iendeavortocultivatefriendshipwithallmyneighbors，andtogetembroiledwithnobody。WithregardtotheaffairsofPoland，anEmpresswhomIoughttobewellwith，andtowhomIowegreatobligations，requiresmetoenterintohermeasures；you，Madam，whomIwouldfainpleaseifIcould，youwantmetochangethesentimentsofthisEmpress。Dobutenterintomyembarrassment！……AccordingtoallIhearfromRussia，itappearstomethateveryresolutionistakenthere；andthattheEmpressisresolvedeventosustainthepartyofherpartisansinPolandwiththeforcesshehasallinreadinessattheborders。Asforme，Madam，Iwish，ifpossible，nottomeddleatallwiththisbusiness，whichhithertoisnotcomplicated，butwhichmay，anyday，becomesobytheneighborsofPolandtakingatoolivelypartinit。Ready，otherwise，onalloccasions，togivetoyourElectoralHighnessproofsofmy——"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiv，54:"Potsdam，16thNovember，1763。"]
　　Electress（aftertendays）……"WhyshouldtheEmpressbesomuchagainstus？Wehavenotdeservedherhatred。Onthecontrary，weseekherfriendship。Shedeclares，however，thatshewillupholdthefreedomofthePolesintheelectionoftheirKing。You，Sire"
　　——[Ib。xxiv。55:"Dresden，26thNovember，1763。"]Butwemustcutshort，thoughitlastslongmonthsafterthis。GreatistheElectress’spersistence，——"MypoorHusbandbeingdead，cannotourpoorBoy，cannothisunclePrinceXaviertry？OSire！"OurlastwordshallbethisofFriedrich’s；actualElection—timenowdrawingnigh:——
　　FRIEDRICH。"Iamdoinglikethedogswhohavefoughtbitterlytilltheyareworndown:Isitlickingmywounds。InoticemostEuropeanPowersdoingthesame；toohappyif，whilstKingsarebeingmanufacturedtorightandleft，publictranquillityisnotdisturbedthereby，andifeveryonemaycontinuetodwellinpeacebesidehishearthandhishouseholdgods。"["Sans—Souci，26thJune，1764"（Ib。p。69）。]Adieu，brightMadam。
　　NoreaderwhohasmadeacquaintancewithPolishHistorycanwelldoubtbutPolandwasnowdeadormoribund，andhadwelldeservedtodie。Anarchiesarenotpermittedinthisworld。Underfinenames，theyaregratefultothePopulaces，andtotheEditorsofNewspapers；buttotheMakerofthisUniversetheyareeternallyabhorrent；andfromthebeginninghavebeenforbiddentobe。
　　Theygotheircourse，applaudedornotapplaudedbyselfandneighbors，——forwhatlengthsoftimenoneofuscanknow；foralongtermsometimes，butalwaysforafixedterm；andatlasttheirdaycomes。Polandhadgottogreatlengths，twocenturiesago，whenpoorJohnCasimirabdicatedhisCrownofPoland，afteratrialoftwentyyears，andtookleaveoftheRepublicinthatremarkableSPEECHtotheDietof1667。
　　ThisJohnis"CasimirV。，"lastScionoftheSwedishHouseofVasa，——withwhom，intheGreatElector’stime，wehadsomeslightacquaintance；andsawatleastthethreedays’beatinghegot（Warsaw，28th—30thJuly，1656）fromKarlGustavofSwedenandtheGreatElector，[Supra，v。284—286。]ancestorsrespectivelyofKarlXII。andofourpresentFriedrich。Heisnot"CasimirtheGreat"ofPolishKings；butheis，inourday，CasimirthealoneRemarkable。
　　ItseemstomeIoncehadINEXTENSOthisValedictorySpeechofhis；butithaslapsedagainintothegeneralMotherofDeadDogs，andIwillnotspendaweekinfishingforit。ThegistoftheSpeech，innumerableBooksandDeadDogstellyou，[HISTOIREDES
　　TROISDEMEMBREMENSdoes，andmanyothersdo；——copiedin
　　BiographieUniverselle，vii。278（？Casimir）。]is"lamentationoverthePolishAnarchies"and"aProphecy，"whichisveryeasilyremembered。ThepooroldGentlemanhadnodoubteatenhispeckofdirtamongthosePolacks，andswallowedchagrinstillhefelthisstomachcouldnomore，anddeterminedtohavedonewithit。Toone’sfancy，inabridgedform，theValedictionmusthaverunessentiallyasfollows:——
　　"MagnanimousPolackGentlemen，youareagloriousRepublic，andhaveNIEPOZWALAM，andstrangemethodsofbusiness，andofbehaviortoyourKingsandothers。Wehaveoftenfoughttogether，beenbeatentogether，byourenemiesandbyourselves；andatlastI，formyshare，haveenoughofit。IintendforParis；religious—
　　literarypursuits，andthesocietyofNinondel’Enclos。Iwishedtosaybeforegoing，Thataccordingtoallrecord，ancientandmodern，ofthewaysofGodAlmightyinthisworld，therewasnotheretofore，nordoIexpecttherecanhenceforthbe，aHumanSocietythatwouldsticktogetheronthoseterms。Believeme，yePolishChivalries，withoutsuperiorexceptinHeaven，ifyourgloriousRepubliccontinuetobemanagedinsuchmanner，notgoodwillcomeofit，butevil。Thedaywillarrive[thisistheProphecy，almostINIPSISSIMISVERBIS]，thedayperhapsisnotsofaroff，whenthisgloriousRepublicwillgettornintoshreds，hither，thither；bestuffedintothepocketsofcovetousneighbors，Brandenburg；Muscovy，Austria；andfinditselfreducedtozero，andabolishedfromthefaceoftheworld。
　　"Ispeakthesewordsinsorrowofsoul；wordswhichprobablyyouwillnotbelieve。WhichonlyFatecancompelyoutobelieve，oneday，iftheyaretruewords:——youthink，probably，theyarenot？
　　Meatleast，orinterestofmine，theydonotregard。Ispeakthemfromthefulnessofmyheart，andonbehestoffriendshipandconvictionalone；havingthehonoratthismomenttobidyouandyourRepublicaverylongfarewell。Good—morning，forthelasttime！"andsoEXIT:toRome（hadbeenCardinalonce）；toParisandthesocietyofNinon’sCircleforthefewyearslefthimoflife。
　　["Died16thDecember，1672，age63。"]
　　ThispoorJohnhadhadhisbitterexperiences:thinkonlyofoneinstance。In1662，theincredibleLawofLIBERUMVETOhadbeenintroduced，inspiteofJohnandhisendeavors。LIBERUMVETO；thepowerofonemantostoptheproceedingsofPolishParliamentbypronouncingaudibly"NIEPOZWALAM，Idon’tpermit！"——neverbeforeorsinceamongmortalswassoincredibleaLaw。Lawstandingindisputable，nevertheless，onthePolishStatute—Bookforabovetwohundredyears:likeanever—flowingfountainofAnarchy，joyfultothePolishNation。Howtheygotanybusinessdoneatall，undersuchaLaw？Trulytheydidbutlittle；andforthelastthirtyyearsasgoodasnone。ButifPolishParliamentwasuniversallyinearnesttodosomebusiness，andVetocameuponit，HonorableMembers，Iobserve，gatheredpassionatelyroundthevetoingBrother；conjured，obtested，menaced，wept，prayed；and，ifthecasewastoourgentandinsolubleotherwise，theNIEPOZWALAM
　　Gentlemanstillobstinate，theyplungedtheirswordsthroughhim，andinthatwaybroughtconsent。Thecommonercoursewastodissolveandgohomeagain，inatempestofshrieksandcurses。
　　TheRightofConfederation，too，isverycurious:doreadersknowit？AfreePolackgentleman，aggrievedbyanythingthathasoccurredorbeenenactedinhisNation，hastherightofswearing，whetherabsolutelybyhimselfIknownot，butcertainlywithtwoorthreeothersoflikemind，thathewillnotacceptsaidoccurrenceorenactment，andisherebygotintoarmsagainstitsabettorsandit。ThebrightestjewelinthecestusofPolishLibertyisthisrightofconfederating；andithasbeen，tilloflate，andwillbenowagainpractisedtoalllengths:rightofeveryPolish，gentlemantoconfederatewitheveryotheragainst，orfor，whatsoevertothemtwomayseemgood；andtoasserttheirparticularviewofthecasebyfightingforitagainstallcomers，KingandDietincluded。Itmustbeowned，thereneverwasinNaturesuchaFormofGovernmentbefore；suchamodeofsocialexistence，rendering"government"impossibleforsomegenerationspast。
　　OnthestrengthofSaxonyanditsresourcesandconnections，thetwoAugustshadcontrivedtoexistwiththenameofKings；withthename，butwithlittleornothingmore。UnderthislastAugust，asweheard，therehavebeenaboutfortyDiets，andinnotoneofthemtheleastthingofbusinessdone；alltheforty，aftertryingtheirbest，havestumbledonNIEPOZWALAM，andbeenobligedtovanishinshrieksandcurses。[Buchholz（Preussisch—BrandenburgischeGeschichte，ii。133，134，&c。&c。）givesvarioussamples，andthisenumeration。]AstoAugustthePhysicallyStrong，suchtreatmenthadhemetwith，——poorAugust，ifreadersremember，hadmadeuphismindtopartitionPoland；togiveawaylargesectionsofitinpurchaseoftheconsentofneighbors，andplanthimselfhereditarilyinthecentralpart；——andwouldhavedoneso，hadnotGrumkowandhedrunksodeep，anddeathbyinflammationofthefootsuddenlycomeuponthepoorman。SomePartitionofPolandhasbeenmorethanoncethoughtofbypracticalpeopleconcerned。
　　Poland，as"ahousechronicallysmokingthroughtheslates，"whichusuallybringsanewEuropeanWareverytimeitchangesKing，doesrequiretobetakenchargeofbyitsneighbors。
　　Latterly，asweobserved，therehasbeenlittleofconfederating；
　　indeed，forthelastthirtyyears，asRulhierecopiouslyinformsus，therehasbeennoGovernment，consequentlynomutinyneeded；
　　littleornoNationalbusinessofanykind，——theFortyDietshavingallgonetheroadwesaw。ElectingoftheJudges，——that，saysRulhiere，andwearisomelyteachesbyexampleagainandeveragain，hasalwaysbeenaninterestingact，inthevariousProvincesofPoland；notwiththehopeofgettingfairoruprightJudges，butJudgesthatwillleaninthedesirabledirection。Inacountryoverrunwithendlesslawsuits，debts，credits，feudalintricacies，claims，liabilities，howimportanttogetJudgeswiththeproperbias！Andtheseoncegot，orlosttillnextterm，——whatistheretohopeortofear？RussiadoesourPolitics，fightsherSeven—YearsWaracrossus；andwe，happywe，havenofighting；——nevertillthisofCourlandwastheretheleastill—naturefromRussia！Wearebecomelatterlythepeaceablestepping—stoneofRussiaintoEuropeandoutofit；——whatmaybecalledthedoor—matofRussia，usefultoherfeet，whensheisaboutpayingvisitsorreceivingthem！
　　Thatisnotagloriousfact，ifitbeasafeand"lucky"one；
　　nordothePolishNotabilitiesatallphraseitinthatmanner。
　　Butafactitis；whichhasshownitselfcompleteinthelateCzarina’sandlateAugust’stime，andwhichhadbeenonthegrowinghandeversincePetertheGreatgainedhisBattleofPultawa，androsetotheascendency，insteadofKarlandSweden。
　　ThePolesputfinecolorsonallthis；andaremuchcontentedwiththemselves。TheRussianstheyregardasintrinsicallyaninferiorbarbarouspeople；andtothisdayyouwillhearindignantPolackGentlemenburstingoutinthesamestrain:"Stillbarbarian，sir；
　　noculture，noliterature，"——inferiorbecausetheydonotmakeversesequaltoours！Howitmaybewiththeverses，Iwillnotdecide:buttheRussiansareinconceivablysuperiorinrespectthattheyhave，toasingulardegreeamongNations，thegiftofobeying，ofbeingcommanded。PolackChivalrysniffsatthementionofsuchagift。PolackChivalrygotsorestripesforwantingthisgift。
　　Andintheend，gotstripedtodeath，andflungoutoftheworld，forcontinuingblindtothewantofit，andneveracquiringit。
　　BeyondalltheversesinNature，itisessentialtoeveryChivalryandNationandMan。"PolitePolishSocietyforthelastthirtyyearshasfeltitselftobeinamosthalcyoncondition，"saysRulhiere:[Rulhiere，i。216（anoteworthypassage）。]"givenuptotheagreeable，andtothatonly；"charmingevening—parties，andagreatdealofflirting；fullofthebenevolences，thephilanthropies，thenewideas，——givenupespeciallytothepleasingideaof"LAISSEZ—FAIRE，andeverythingwillcomerightofitself。"
　　"Whatadiscovery！"saideveryliberalPolishmind:"forthousandsofyears，howpeopledidtormentthemselvestryingtosteertheship；neverknowingthattheplanwas，Toletgothehelm，andhonestlysitdowntoyourmutualamusementsandpowersofpleasing！"
　　Tothisconditionofbeautifullyphosphorescentrot—heaphasPolandripened，inthehelplessreignsofthosepoorAugusts；——thefulnessoftimenotnowfaroff，onewouldsay？Itwouldcompletethepicture，couldIgointothestateofwhatiscalled"Religion"inPoland。Dissenterism，ofvariouspoortypes，isextensive；
　　and，overagainstit，issuchatypeofJesuitFanaticismashasnofellowinthatday。Ofwhichtherehavebeentrulysavageandsanguinaryoutbreaks，fromtimetotime；especiallyoneatThorn，fortyyearsago，whichshockedFriedrichWilhelmandthewholeProtestantworld。[Seesupra，vi。64（andmanyoldPamphletsonit）。]PolishOrthodoxy，inthattime，andperhapsstillinours，isathingworthnoting。AlateTouristinformsme，hesawonthestreetsofStettin，notlongsince，adrunkhumancreaturestaggeringabout，whoseemedtobeaBalticSailor，justarrived；
　　thedirtiest，oramongthedirtiest，ofmankind；who，ashereeledalong，keptslappinghishandsuponhisbreast，andshouting，inexultantsoliloquy，"Polack，Catholik！"_I_amaPoleandOrthodox，yeinferiortwo—leggedentities！。——InregardtotheJesuitFanaticisms，atThornandelsewhere，noblamecanattachtothepoorAugusts，whoalwaysleanttheotherway，whattheydurstorcould。Norisspecialtyofblameduetothemonanyscore；itwas"likePeople，likeKing，"allalong；——andthey，suchtheirluck，havelivedtobringinthefulnessoftime。
　　TheSaxonElectorsareagainaspirantsforthisenviableThrone。
　　WehaveseenthebeautifulElectresszealouslysolicitingFriedrichforhelpinthatproject；Friedrich，inadexterouslygracefulmanner，altogetherdeclining。HereditarySaxonsarenottobetheexpedientthistime，itwouldseem；agrandioseCzarinahasdecidedotherwise。Whyshouldnotshe？Sheandalltheworldarewellaware，RussiahasbeenvirtuallordofPolandthislongtime。
　　CredibleenoughthatRussiaintendstocontinueso；andalsothatitwillbeable，withoutverymuchexpenditureofnewcontrivanceforthatobject。
　　SofarascanbeguessedandassiduouslydeducedfromRULHIERE，withyourbestattention，RussianCatharine’sinterferenceseemsfirstofalltohavebeengroundedonthegrandiosephilanthropicprinciple。Astonishingtotheliberalmind；yettoappearancetrue。
　　Rulhierenowheresaysso；butthatisgraduallyone’sownperceptionofthematter；nootherrefugeforyououtofflatinconceivability。Philanthropicprinciple，wesay，whichtheVoltairesandSagesofthatEpochareprescribingasone’sdutyandone’sglory:"OyeKings，whywon’tyoudogoodtomankind，then？"
　　Catharine，akindofShe—LouisQuatorze，wasequaltosuchathing。
　　Toputone’scastLoverintoathrone，——poorsoul，consolehiminthatmanner；——andreducethelong—dissentientCountrytoblessedcomposureunderhim:whatathing！FoolishPoniatowski，anempty，windycreature，redolentofmacassarandthefinersensibilitiesoftheheart:himshedidmakeKingofPoland；buttoreducethelong—dissentientCountrytocomposure，——thatwaswhatshecouldnotdo。Countriesinthatpredicamentaresometimesverydifficulttocompose。TheCzarinatook，forabovefiveyears，agreatdealoftrouble，withoutlosingpatience。TheCzarina，aftereveryneweffort，perceivedwithastonishmentthatshewasfartherfromsuccessthanever。Withastonishment；andgraduallywithirritation，thickeningandmountingtowardsindignation。
　　ThereisnoreasontobelievethatthegrandioseWomanhandled，ordesignedtohandle，adoomedPolandinthemercilessfeline—
　　diabolicwaysetforthwithwearisomeloudreiterationinthosedistractedBooks；playingwiththepoorCountryascatdoeswithmouse；nowliftingherfellpaw，lettingthepoormousegolooseinfloodsofcelestialjoyandhopewithoutlimit；andalwaysclutchingthehaplesscreaturebackintotheblacknessofdeath，beforeeatingandendingit。Reasonfirstis，thattheCzarina，asweseeherelsewhere，neverwasintheleastaCatoraDevil，butamereWoman；alreadyvirtualproprietressofPoland，andneedinglittlecontrivancetokeepitvirtuallyhers。Reasonsecondis，thatshehadnotthegiftofprophecy，andcouldnotforeknowthePolisheventsofthenexttenyears，muchlessshapethemoutbeforehand，andpresideoverthem，likeaDevilorotherwise，inthewaysupposed。
　　Myownprivateconjecture，Iconfess，hasrathergrowntobe，onmuchreadingofthoseRULHIERESanddistractedBooks，thattheCzarina，——whowasagrandiosecreature，withconsiderablemagnanimities，naturalandacquired；withmanyostentations，somereallygreatqualitiesandtalents；ineffect，akindofShe—LouisQuatorze（ifthereaderwillreflectonthatRoyalGentleman，andputhimintopetticoatsinRussia，andchangehisimproperfemalesforimpropermales），——thattheCzarina，veryclearlyresolutetokeepPolandhers，haddeterminedwithherselftodosomethingveryhandsomeinregardtoPoland；andtogainglory，bothwiththeenlightenedPhilosopheclassesandwithherownproudheart，byhertreatmentofthatintricatematter。"Ontheonehand，"thinksshe，orletusfancyshethinks，"hereisPoland；aCountryfallenbedridamidAnarchies，curableorincurable；muchtormentedwithreligiousintoleranceatthistime，hatefultothephilosophicmind；ahatefulfanaticismgrowinguponitforfortyyearspast[thoughitisquiteagainstPolishLaw]；andthecriesofoppressedDissidents[Dissenters，chieflyoftheProtestantandoftheGreekpersuasion]becomingmoreandmoredistressingtohear。And，ontheotherhand，hereisPoniatowskiwho，who——！"
　　Readershavenotforgottenthehandsome，otherwiseextremelypaltry，youngPolack，StanislausPoniatowski，whomExcellencyWilliamstookwithhim8or9yearsago，ostensiblyas"SecretaryofLegation，"unostensiblyassomethingverydifferent？
　　HandsomeStanislausdiddulybecomeLoveroftheGrand—Duchess；
　　andhasduly，inthecourseofNature，sometimeago（dateuncertaintome），becomediscardedLover；thequestionrising，Whatistobedonewiththatelegantinanecreature，andhisvaporoussentimentalismsandsublimesorrowsanddisappointments？"LetusmakehimKingofPoland！"saidtheCzarina，whowasalwaysmuchthegentlemanwithherdiscardedLovers（moreso，Ishouldsay，thanLouisQuatorzewithhis；——andindeeditiscomputedtheycostherindirectmoneysabouttwentymillionssterling，——beingnumerousandgreedy；butnevertheleasttiffofscoldingorilllanguage）:
　　[Castera（ViedeCatharineII。）hasanelaborateAppendixonthispartofhissubject。]——"KingofPoland，withfurnishings，andsethimhandsomelyupintheworld！WewillclosetheDissidentBusinessforhim，curemanyacurableAnarchyofPoland，tothesatisfactionofVoltaireandallleadingspiritsofmankind。HeshallhaveoutfitofRussiantroops，poorcreature；
　　andbeabletoputdownAnarchies，andshowhimselfausefulandgratefulViceroyforusthere。Outfitof10，000troops，awiseRussianManager:andtheQuestionoftheDissidentstobesettledasthefirstgloryofhisreign！"
　　Ingenuousreadersareinvitedtotry，intheirdiffusevagueRULHIERES，andunintelligibleshriekyPolishHistories，whetherthisnotiondoesnotriseonthemasapossiblehumanexplanation，morecrediblethanthefeline—diabolicone，whichneedswithalsuchaforeknowledge，UNattainablebycatordevil？PolandmustnotrisetobetoostrongaCountry，andturnitsbackonRussia。No，truly；
　　nor，exceptbymiraculoussuspensionoftheLawsofNature，istheredangerofthat。ButneitherneedPolandlieutterlylameandprostrate，uselesstoRussia；andbetorturedonitssick—bedwithDissidentQuestionsandAnarchies，curablebyastrongSovereign，ofwhommuchisexpectedbyVoltaireandtheleadingspiritsofmankind。
　　Whatweshallhavetosaywithperfectcertainty，andwhataloneconcernsusinourownaffair，is，FIRST，thatCatharinedidproceedbythismethod，ofcrowning，fittingoutandotherwisesettingupStanislaus；didattemptsettlement（andatonetimethoughtshehadsettled）theDissidentQuestionandsomecurableAnarchies，——butstirredupsuchlegionsofincurable，waxingonherhands，dayafterday，yearafteryear，aswereabundantlyprovokingandastonishing:——andthatwithinthenexteightyearsshehadarrived，withPolandandhercargoofanarchies，atresultswhichstruckthewholeworlddumb。Dumbwithastonishment，forsometime；
　　andthenintotempestsofvociferationmoreorlessdelirious，whichhaveneveryetquiteended，thoughsinkinggraduallytolowerandlowerstagesofhumanvocality。FactFIRSTisabundantlymanifest。NorisfactSECONDanylongerdoubtful，ThatKingFriedrich，inregardtoallthis，tillarealcrisiselsewherehadrisen，tooklittleornovisibleinterestwhatever；hadoneunvaryingcourseofconduct，thatofpunctuallyfollowingCzarishMajestyineveryrespect；instructinghisMinisteratWarsawalwaystosecondandreinforcetheRussianone，ashisoneruleofpolicyinthatCountry，——whosedistractedprocedures，imbecilitiesandanarchies，are，beyondthispointofkeepingwellwithagrandioseCzarinaconcernedinit，ofnoapparentpracticalinteresttoPrussiaoritsKing。
　　Friedrich，foralongtime，passedwiththePublicforcontriveroftheCatastropheofPoland，——"feloniousmortal，""monsterofmaleficence，"andwhatnot，inconsequence。Rulhiere，whosenotionofhimisnoneofthefriendliestnorcorrectest，acquitshimofthisatrocity；declareshim，tilltheveryend，mainlyoraltogetherpassiveinit。WhichIthinkisalittlemorethanthetruth，——andonlyalittle，asperhapsmayappearbyandby。
　　Beyonddispute，thesePolisheventsdidatlastgrowinterestingenoughtoPrussiaanditsKing；——anditwillbeourtask，sufficientinthisplace，toextricateandriddleoutwhatfewofthesehadanycardinalornotablequality，andputthemdown（dated，ifpossible，andinintelligibleform），aspertinenttothrowinglightonthisdistressingmatter，withcarefulexclusionoftheimmensemasswhichcanthrowonlydarkness。
　　EX—LOVERPONIATOWSKIBECOMESKINGOFPOLAND（7thSept。1764），ANDISCROWNEDWITHOUTLOSSOFHISHAIR。
　　WARSAW，7thSEPTEMBER1764，StanislausPoniatowski，bywhatmanagementofanImperialCatharineuponananarchicNationreadersshallimagineADLIBITUM，waselected，whattheycallelected，KingofPoland。OfcoursetherehadbeenpreliminaryDietsofConvocation，muchdieting，demonstratingandelectingofimaginarymembersofDiet，——only"tenpersonsmassacred"inthebusiness。
　　TherewasaSaxonParty；butnocounter—candidateofthatoranyothernation。KingFriedrich，solicitedbyacharmingElectress—
　　Dowager，decidestoremainaccuratelypassive。Polishemissariescameentreatinghim。AcertainMockranowski，whohadbeenasoldierunderhim（neverofmuchmarkinthatcapacity，thoughnowaflaminglyconspicuous"General"andPolitician，inthenewscenehehasgotinto），camepassionatelyentreating（Potsdam，Summerof1764，isallthedate），"DONNEZNOUSLEPRINCEHENRI，GiveusPrinceHenriforaKing！"thesoundofwhichalmostmadeFriedrichturnpale:"HaveyouspokenorhintedofthistothePrince？"
　　"No，yourMajesty。""Home，then，instantly；andnotawhisperofitagaintoanymortal！"[Rulhiere，ii。268；Hermann，vi。355—364。]
　　which，theysay，greatlyirritatedPrinceHenri，andleftapermanentsore—placeinhismind，whenhecametohearofitlongafter。
　　"Aquestionriseshere，"saysoneofmyNotes，whichperhapsIhadbetterhaveburnt:"AtoraboutwhatdatesdidthisgloriousPoniatowskibecomeLoveroftheGrand—Duchess，andthenbecomeEx—Lover？Nobodywillsay；orperhapscan？[Preuss（iv。12）seemstotry，butdoesnotsucceed。]Wouldhavebeenasmallsatisfactiontous，anditisdenied！’RitterWilliams’（thatis，Hanbury）musthaveproducedhimatPetersburgsometimein1756；’11thJanuary，1757，’findingitwouldsuit，Poniatowskiappearedthereonhisownfootingas’AmbassadorfromWarsaw，’"——（easytogetthatkindofcredentialfromadevotedWarsaw，ifyouaresucceedingattheCourtofPetersburg；"Warsawwatchfullymakesthattheruleofdistributingitshonors；and，fromfreezing—pointupwards，isthemostdelicatethermometer，"saysHermannsomewhere）。Andthis，isouronedate，"Poniatowskiinbusiness，SPRING，1757；"of"Poniatowskifallenbankrupt，"dateistotallywanting。
　　"Poniatowski’sageis32gone；——howlongoutofRussia，readershavetoguess。MadehisfirstpublicappearanceonthestreetsofWarsaw，inthelateElectiontime，asaCaptainofPatriotVolunteers，——’IndependenceofPoland！ShallPolandbedictatedto！"
　　criedStanislausandanindignantPublicatonestageoftheaffair。HisUnclesCzartoryskiwerepilotinghimin；andinthatmadelement，thecries，andshiftingsoftack，hadtobemany。
　　[InHERMANN，v。362—380（stillmoreinRULHIERE，ii。119—289），wearisomeaccountofeveryparticular。]HeisNephew，byhismother，oftheseCzartoryskis；butisnotbythefatherofveryhighfamily。’OughthetobeKingofPoland？’arguedsomePolishEmissaryatPetersburg:’HisGrandfatherwasLand—stewardtotheSapiehas。’’Andifhehimselfhadbeenit！’saidtheEmpress，inflexible，thoughwithablush。——Itseemsthefamilywasreallygood，thoughfallenpoor；and，sincethatLand—stewardphasis，hadbloomedwelloutagain。HisFatherwasconspicuousasabusy，shiftingkindofman，intheCharles—Twelfthandothertroubles；
　　haddiedtwoyearsago，as’CastellanofCracow；’alwaysadearfriendofStanislausLeczinski，whogetshisdeathtwoyearshence[in1766，aswehaveseen]。
　　"KingStanislausPoniatowskihadfiveBrothers:twoofthemdeadlongbeforethistime；athird，stillalive，wasBishopofSomething，AbbotofSomething；atehisrevenuesinpeace，anddemandssilencefromus。Theothertwo，CasimirandAndreas，arebetterworthnaming，——especiallytheSonofoneofthemis。
　　Casimir，theeldest，is’GrandCrown—Chamberlain’inthedaysnowcoming，isalso’StarostofZips[aCountryyoumaynotethenameof！]——andhasaSon，’whoisNOTtheremarkableone。Andreas，thesecondBrother（died1773），wasintheAustrianService，’Ordnance—
　　Master，’andamanofpartsandweight；——whohasbeenhereatWarsaw，ardentlyhelping，inthelateElectiontime。HetoohadaSon（atthistimeachildinarms），——whoisreallytheremarkable’NephewofKingStanislaus，’andstilldeservesawordfromus。
　　"ThisNephew，bredasanAustriansoldier，likehisFather，istheJOSEPHPONIATOWSKI，whowasveryfamousintheNewspapersfiftyyearsago。Byallappearance，amanofsomerealpatriotism，energyandworth。Hehadtriedtobelieve（though，Ithink，neverrightlyable）whathisomnipotentNapoleonhadpromisedhim，thatextinctPolandshouldberesuscitated；andhefoughtandstroveveryfiercely，hisPolesandhe，inthatfaithorhalf—faith。
　　Andperished，fiercelyfightingforNapoleon，fiercelycoveringNapoleon’sretreatwhenhisgamewaslost:horseandmanplungedintotheElsterRiver（LeipzigCountry，October19th，1813，eveningofthe’BattleoftheNations’there），andsankforever；——andthelastgleamofPolandalongwithhim。[BiographieUniverselle（oPoniatowski，Joseph），xxxv。349—359。]
　　Notevenamomentarygleamofhopeforher，inthesaneorhalf—
　　sanekind，sincethat，——thoughshenowandthenstilltriesitintheinsane:themoretomyregret，forherandothers！
　　"BesidesthesethreeBrothers，KingStanislaushadtwoSistersstillliving:oneofthemWifeofaveryhighZamoiski；theotherofadittoBranicki（pronounceBraniTZki）——himwhomourGermanBookscallKRON—GROSSFELDHERR；（GrandCrown—General，’iftheCrownhaveanysoldiersatall；thesublime，debauchedoldBranicki，ofwhomRulhiereiscontinuallytalking，andneverreportsanythingbutfutilitiesinafutilemanner。Somuchisfutile，andnotworthreporting，inthisPolishelement！——KingStanislaushimselfwasborn17thJanuary，1732；playedKingofshredsandpatchestill1790，——orevenfarther（nottill1795didCatharinepluckthepapertabardquiteoffhim）；hediedinPetersburg，February11thor12th）1798。"Aftersuchalife！——
　　Stanislauswascrowned25thNovember，1764。Heneeds，aspreliminary，tobeanointed，onthebarescalpofhim，withholyoilbeforecrowning；oughttohavehisheadclose—shavedwiththatview。Stanislaus，havinganuncommonlyfineheadofhair，shudderedatthebarbarousidea；absolutelywouldnot:whereupondelay，consultation；andatlengthsomeartificialscalp，orsecondskull，ofpasteboardordyedleather，wascontrivedforthepoorman，whichcomfortablytooktheoilinginavicariousway，withtheambrosiallockswellpackedoutofsightunderit，andcapableofflowingoutagainnextday，asifnothinghadhappened。[Rulhiere。]
　　NotasublimespecimenofOrnamentalHumanNature，thispoorStanislaus！Ornamentalwholly:thebodyofhim，andthemindofhim，gotupforrepresentation；andterriblypluckedtopiecesonthestageoftheworld。Youmaytrytodropatearoverhim，butwillfindmostlythatyoucannot。
　　FORSEVERALYEARSTHEDISSIDENTQUESTIONCANNOTBEGOTSETTLED；
　　CONFEDERATIONOFRADOM（23dJune，1767—5thMarch，1768）
　　PUSHESITINTOSETTLEMENT。
　　Forseveralyearsafterthisfeatofthefalsescalp，throughlongvolumes，wearisomeeveninRULHIERE，thereturnsupnothingwhichcannowbecalledmemorable。ThesettlingoftheDissidentQuestionprovesextremelytedioustoanimpatientCzarina；astocuringoftheothercurableAnarchies，thereisabsolutelynothingbutaknittingupbyA，witharavelling—outagainbyB，andnoprogressdiscerniblewhatever。ImpatientCzarinaardentlypushesonsomeDissidentsettlement，——secondedbyKingFriedrichandthechiefProtestantCourts，Londonincluded，andbytheEuropeanleadingspiritseverywhere，——throughendlessdifficulties:findsnativeOrthodoxyanunexpectedlystiffmatter；Bishopsgenerallyhavingafanaticismwhichiswonderfultothinkof，andwhichkeepsmountinghigherandhigher。TillatlengththerewillImagesoftheVirgintaketoweeping，——astheygenerallydoinsuchcases，wheninthevicinityofbrew—housesandconveniences；[Nicolai，inhisTRAVELS
　　OVERGERMANY，doggedlyundertooktooverhauloneofthoseweepingVirgins（somewhereinAustria，Ithink）；andfoundher，hesays，todependonsubterraneanpercolationofsteamfromaBrewerynotfaroff。]——aCarmeliteMonkgoaboutthecountryworkingmiracles；
　　and，inshort，anextremelyuglyphasisofreligioushumannaturediscloseitselftotheafflictedreader。KingFriedrichthinks，haditnotbeenforthisDissidentQuestion，thingswouldhavetakentheiroldSaxoncomplexion，andPolandmighthaverottedonasheretofore，perhapsagoodwhilelonger。
　　Astotheknitting—upandravelling—outagain，whichiscalledcuringoftheotheranarchies，noreadercanorneedsayanything:
　　itseemstobeamostpainfulknitting—up，bytheCzartoryskischiefly，thenaninstantravellingoutbymalignOppositionpartiesofvariousindistinctcomplexion；theknitting，theravelling，andthemalignOppositionparties，alikeindistinctandwithoutinteresttomankind。Acertaindrunken，ratherbrutalPhantasmofaPrinceRadzivil，whohatestheCzartoryskis，andisdreadfullygiventodrink，towastefulambitionsanddebaucheries，figuresmuchinthesebusinesses；isgotbanishedandconfiscated，bysomeConfederationformed；then，bynewConfederations，isrecalledandreinstated，——worseifpossiblethanever。Thethingisreality；butitreadslikeaPhantasmagoryproducedbyLaplandWitches，underpresidencyofDiabolus（verycertainlytheDevilpresiding，asyouseeatallturns），——andisnotworthunderstanding，wereiteveneasy。
　　Muchsemi—intelligible，whollyforgettablestuffaboutKingStanislausandhisdifficulties，andhisduplicitiesandtreacherousimbecilities，[Hermann，v。400，&c。；RulhierePASSIM。]
　　nowofinteresttonomortal。StanislausisatonetimeoutwiththeunclesCzartoryski，atanotherinwiththeseworthygentlemen:
　　amannotlikelytocureAnarchies，unlesswishingwoulddoit。
　　OntheDissidentQuestionitselfheneedsspurring:aKingofliberalideas，yes；butwithsuchflamesoffanaticismunderthenoseofhim。InregardtotheDissidentandallothercurativeprocessesheislanguid，evasive，formomentsrecalcitranttoRussiansuggestions；alostimbecile，——forgethim，withorwithoutatear。Hehasstillagooddealofso—calledgallantryonhishands；fliestohisharemwhenoutsidethingsgocontradictory。
　　[Hermann，v。402，&c。]ThinkofmalignJournalistsprintingthisbitofLetteratonetime，todohimillinacertainquarter:
　　"Oh，cometome，myPrincess！DearerthanallEmpresses:——imperialcharms，whatweretheytothineforaheartthathas——"withmoreofthelikestuff，foraCzarina’sbehoof。
　　WINTEROF1766，ImperialMajesty，whetherafterorbeforethatmiraculousCarmeliteMonk，Idonotremember，becameimpatientofthesetediouslanguorsandtortuositiesabouttheDissidentQuestion，andgaveexpressorder，"Settleitstraightway！"Towhichend，Confederationsandtheothermachineryweresetagoing:
　　ConfederationsamongtheProtestantsandDissidentsthemselves，aboutThornandsuchplaces（gotupbyRussianengineering），andmuchmoreextensivelyintheLithuanianparts；Confederationsofgreatextent，imperative，minatory；ostensiblyforreinstatingthesepoorpeopleintheirrights（which，byoldPolishLaw，theyquiteexpresslywere，ifthatwereanymatter），butinrealityforbringingbackdrunkenRadzivil，whohascovenantedtocarrythatmeasure。Andso，JUNE23d，1767，ThesemultiplexPolish—LithuanianConfederations，twenty—fouroftheminall，withtheirsublimemarshalsandofficials，andabove80，000noblemeninthem，meetbydeputiesatRadom，aconvenientlittleTownwithinwindofWarsaw（lies60
　　milestosouthofWarsaw）；andtherecoalesceintoonegeneral"ConfederationofRadom，"[Hermann，v。420。]withdrunkenRadzivilatop，who，gladtobereinstatedinhisampleDomainsandWine—
　　cellars，andwillingatanyratetospitetheCzartoryskisandothers，haspledgedhimselftocarrythatgreatmeasureinDiet，andquashanyNIEPOZWALAMSanddifficultiestheremaybe。Thisistheonceworld—famous，nowdimlydiscoverable，CONFEDERATIONOF
　　RADOM，which——bypreparatorydeclaring，underitshandandseal，ThattheLawoftheLandmustagainbecomevalid，and"FreePolacksofDissidentopinionsconcerningReligion（NOSDISSIDENTESDE
　　RELIGIONE），"astheoldLawphrasesit，"shallhaveequalrightsofcitizenship"——wasbeautifullyinstrumentalinachievingthatbitofHumanProgress，andpushingitthroughtheDiet，anditsdifficultiesshortlyensuing。
　　NotthattheDietdidnotneedothervigoroustreatmentaswell，theflameoffanaticismbeingfrightfullyardent；manyofthepoorBishopshavingrunnearlyfranticatthisopenspoliationofMotherChurch，andsnatchingoftheswordfromPeter。SothatImperialMajestyhadtodecideonpickingoutadozen，orbaker’sdozen，ofthehottestBishops；andcarryingthemquietlyintoRussiaunderlockandkey，tillthethingweredone。Doneitwas，surelytotheinfinitereliefofmankind；——Icannotsaypreciselyonwhatday:
　　October13th—14th（lockingupofthedozenBishops），wasonevitalepochofit；November19th，1767（reportofCommitteeonit，underRadzivil’sandRussia’scoercion），wasanother:firstandlastittookaboutfivemonthsbakinginDiet。DietmetOct。4th，1767，RadzivilcontrollingasGrand—Marshal，andRussiaasminatoryPhantomcontrollingRadzivil；Diet，afteradjournments，afteronelongadjournment，disappeared5thMarch，1768；andofworkmentionableithaddonethisoftheDissidentsonly。Thatofcontributingto"thesovereigncontemptwithwhichKingStanislausisregardedbyallranksofmen，"ishardlytobecalledpeculiarworkorpeculiarlymentionable。
　　Atthispoint，torelievethereader’smind，and，atanyrate，asthedateisfullycome，wewillintroduceasmallNEWSPAPERARTICLE
　　fromaveryhighhand，littleguessedtilllongafterwardsasthewriter，——namely，fromKingFriedrich’sown。ItdoesnottouchontheDissidentQuestion，orthePolishtroubles；butdoes，inaback—handedway，onPrussianRumorsrisingaboutthem；andmayobliquelyshowmoreoftheKing’sfeelingonthatsubjectthanwequitesuppose。ItseemstheKinghadheardthattheBerlinpeopleweretalkingandrumoringof"aWarbeingjustathand；"
　　whereupon——"MARCH5th，1767，INTHEVOSSISCHEZEITUNG（Voss’sChronicle），No。28，"aninquisitiveBerlinpublicreadasfollows:——
　　"WeareadvisedfromPotsdam，that，onthe27thofFebruary，towardsevening，theskybegantogetovercast；blackclouds，presagingatempestofunexampledfury，coveredallthehorizon:
　　thethunder，withitslightnings，forkedboltsofamazingbrilliancy，burstout；and，underitsredoubledpeals，theredescendedsuchatorrentofhailaswithinman’smemoryhadnotbeenseen。Oftwobullocksyokedintheirplough，withwhichapeasantwashasteninghome，onewasstruckontheheadbyapieceofit，andkilledoutright。Manyofthecommonpeoplewerewoundedinthestreets；abrewerhadhisarmbroken。Roofsaredestroyedbytheweightofthishail；allthewindowsthatlookedwindwardwhileitfellwerebroken。Inthestreets，hailstoneswerefoundofthesizeofpumpkins（CITROUILLES），whichhadnotquitemeltedtwohoursafterthestormceased。Thissingularphenomenonhasmadeaverygreatimpression。Scientificpeoplesay，theairhadnotbuoyancyenoughtosupportthesesolidmasseswhencongealedtoice；thatthesmallhailstonesinthesecloudsgettingsolashedaboutintheimpetuosityofthewinds，hadunitedthemorethefarthertheyfell，andhadnotacquiredthatenormousmagnitudetillcomparativelyneartheearth。Whateverwayitmayhavehappened，itiscertainthatoccurrencesofthatkindarerare，andalmostwithoutexample。"[VOSSISCHEZEITUNG，ubisupra:
　　OEuvresdeFrederic，xv。204。]
　　Anothersingularityis，"ProfessorJohannDanielTitiusofWittenberg，"whoteachesNATURALPHILOSOPHYinthatfamousUniversity，onemayjudgewithwhateffect，wroteaMonographonthisunusualPhenomenon！[Rodenbeck（ii。285）givestheTitleofit，"CONSIDERATIONSONTHEPOTSDAMHAILOFLASTYEAR
　　（Wittenberg，1768）。"]
　　CONFEDERATIONOFBARENSUES，ONTHEPER—CONTRASIDE（March28th，1768）；
　　AND，ASFIRSTRESULTOFITSACHIEVEMENTS（October6th，1768），ATURK—RUSSIANWAR。
　　TheConfederationofRadom，anditsvictoriousDiet，hadhardlybeguntheirSongofTriumph，whenthereensuedontheper—contrasideaflamingCONFEDERATIONOFBAR；——which，bysuccessivestages，doesatlastburnouttheAnarchiesofPoland，andreducethemtoashes。ConfederationofBar；andthen，asprogenyofthat，forandagainst，suchabroodofConfederations，orthodox，heterodox，big，little，short—lived，long—lived，ofallcomplexionsanddegreesofnoisyfury，potent，atanyrate，eachofthemformurderandarson，withinacertainradius，astheEarthneversawbefore。Nowwasthetimeofthoseinextricablemarchings（asinroadsandoutroads）
　　throughtheLithuanianBogs，ofthosedeath—defiant，unparalleledexploits，skirmishings，scaladings，ridingbytheedgeofprecipices，ofPulawski，Potockiandothers，——inwhichRulhiereloseshimselfandturnsonhisaxis，amidimpatientreaders。
　　FortheRussiantroops（summonedbyatremblingStanislausandhisSenate，intermsofTreaty1764），andinmorelanguidmanner，theStanislaussoldiery，asperlawofthecase，proceededtostrikein，——generally，myimpressionwas，withaneyetomaintaintheKing’sPeaceandkeepdownmurderandarson:——andsureenough，thesmallbodiesofdrilledRussiansblewaninfuriatedorthodoxPolackchivalrytorightandleftatashortnotice；butastotheConstable’sPeaceorKing’s，madenoimprovementuponthat，farthereverse。ItiscertaintheConfederatechivalryweredrivenabout，ataterriblerate，——overtheTurkfrontierforshelter；begantoappealtotheGrandTurk，indesperateterms:"BrotheroftheSunandMoon，sawyoueversuchachanceforfinishingRussia？
　　PolackchivalryisOrthodoxCatholic，butalsoitisAnti—Russian！"
　　TheTurkbeginningtogiveeartoit，madethematterpressingandserious。Here，morespecifically，aresomefeaturesandsuccessivephases，——unlessthereaderprefertoskip。
　　"BAR，MARCH，1768。TheConfederationofRadom，asefficientpreliminary，andchiefagentinthatDietofemancipationtotheDissidenthumanmind，mightlonghavebeenfamousoverPolandandtheworld；butthereinstantlyfollowedascorollarytoitaCONFEDERATIONOFBAR，whichquitedimmedthefameofRadom，andindeedofallConfederationspriororposterior！AstheConfederationofBaranditsDoings，orrathersufferingsandtragicalmisdoingsandundoings，stillhanglikefitfulspectralities，orhistoricalshadows，ofavagueghastlycomplexion，inthehumanmemory，oneasksatleast:SincetheywereonthisPlanet，telluswhere？BarisintheWaiwodshipPodol（whatwecallPodolia），some400milessoutheastofWarsaw；notfarfromtheDniesterRiver:——notfarveryfromthatmysteryoftheDniester，theZaporavianCossacks，——fromthoserapidsorcataracts（quasi—cataractsoftheDniester，withIslandsinthem，wherethoseCossackrobbersliveunassailable）:——acrosstheDniesterliesTurkey，anditsfamedFortressofChoczim。ThisisacommodiousstationforPolishGentlemenintendingmutinybylaw。
　　"MARCH8th，1768，ThreeshortdaysaftertheDietofRadomhaddoneitsfinefeat，andretiredtoprivacy，newscametoWarsaw，ThatPodoliaandtheSouthernpartsareallup，confederatingwiththehighestanimation；inhotrageagainstsuchdecisionofaDiet，contrarytoHolyReligionandtomuchelse；andthatthesaiddecisionwillhavetofightforitself，nowthatithasdonevoting。Thisinterestingnewsistrue；andgoesonintensifyingandenlargingitself，onedreadfulConfederationspringingup，andthenanotherandeveranother，dayafterday；tillatlastwehearthatonthe27thofthemonth，MARCH27th，1768，atBar，alittleTownontheSouthernorTurkishFrontier，allthesemoreorlessdreadfulConfederationshavemetbydelegates，andcoalescedintoone’ConfederatiouofBar，’——whichdidsurelyprovedreadfulenough，toitselfespecially，inthemonthsnowensuing！"
　　NohistoryofBarConfederationshallwedreamof；farbesuchanattemptfromus。ItconsistsofmanyConfederations，andoutofeach，PROandCONTRA，springmany。LiketheLerneanHydra，orevenHydrasinapluralcondition。Amany—headeddog:andhowmanywhelpsithad，——Icannotgiveeventhecipherofthem，orIwould！
　　OnewhelpConfederation，thatofCracow，isdistinguishedbyhavingfrequentlyorgenerallybeen"drunk；"andofcourseitsprocedureshadoftenavinouscharacter。[InHERMANN（v。431—448）；
　　andespeciallyinRULHIERE（ii。livre8etseq。），detailsinsuperabundance。]Ifancytohavereadsomewherethatthenumberofthemwasonehundredandtwenty—five。TherumorandthefuriousbarkingofBaranditswhelpsgoesintoalllands:suchrabidloudbayingatmankindandthemoon；andthen，underRussia’streatment，suchshrillyelpingandshrieking，wasnotheardintheworldbefore，thoughperhapsithassince。
　　PoorBAR’Sexploitsinthefightingwaywerehighlyinconsiderable；
　　allonthesamescale；andspreadoversuchasurfaceofcountry，mostlyunknown，asrendersitimpossibletogivethemhead—room，wereyouneversounfurnished。TheycanbereadineloquentRulhiere；butbynomortalheldinmemory。Anarchyisnotathingtobewrittenof；aLerneanHydra，severalLerneanHydras，inchaoticgenesis，gettingtheirheadsloppedoff，andatthesametimesproutingnewonesinsuchratio，whereistheZoologistthatwillgiveaccountofit？Therewasnotanythingconsiderableoffighting；butofbullying，plundering，murderingandbeingmurdered，afrightfulamount。Thereareseizuresofcastles，convents，defensiblehouses；marchesataratelikethatofantelopes，throughtheLithuanianparts，boggy，hungry，boundless，openingtothefancytheInfinitudeofPeat，inthesolidandthefluidstate。This，perhaps，isthefinestspeciesoffeats，thoughtheyneverleadtoanything。Thereareheroesfamedforthesemarches。
　　ThePulawskis，forexample，——fourofthem，Lawyerpeople，——showedmuchactivity，andatalentforimpromptusoldiering，inthatkind。
　　TheMagnatesoftheConfederation，Iwassurprisedtolearn，hadallquittedit，theinstantitcametostrokes:"YouLawyerpeople，withyourpriestsandorthodoxpeasantries，youdothefightingpart；oursistheconsulting！"AndexceptPotocki（andheworsethannone），thereispresentlynotaMagnateofthemleftinPoland，——therestallgoneacrosstheAustrianBorder，toTeschen，toBilitz，ahandylittletownanddomaininthatDuchyofTeschen；——andsitthereas"CommitteeofGovernment:"muchattheireaseincomparison，couldtheybutagreeamongthemselves，whichtheycannot。BilitzisoneofthemanydomainsofMagnateSulkowski:——doreadersrecollecttheSulkowskiwhoatonetime"declaredWar"onKingFriedrich；andwaspickedup，bothWarandhe，socompendiouslybyGeneralGoltz，andlockedinGlogautocool？ThisisthesameSulkowski；muchconcernednowinthesematters；arichMagnate，gladtoseehisfriendsabouthimasGoverningCommittee；butgets，andgives，agreatdealofvexationinit，theelementprovingagaintoohot！——
　　IsaidtherewerefourfamedPulawskis；[Hermann，v。465。]afather，onceAdvocateinWarsaw，withthreesonsandanephew；
　　who，thoughextremelyactivepeople，coulddonogoodwhatever。
　　ThefatherPulawskihadthefineideaofintroducingtheBritishConstitution；clothingPolandwhollyinBritishtailorage，andsomakingitanewPoland:buthenevercouldgetitdone。ThispoorgentlemandiedinTurkishprison，flungintojailatConstantinople，oncalumniousaccusationandcontrivancebyarivalcountryman；hissonsandnephew，poorfellows，allhadtheirfame，moreorless，intheCauseofFreedomsocalled；butnootherprofitinthisworld，thatIcouldhearof。Casimir，theeldestson，wenttoAmerica；diedthere，stillintheCauseofFreedomsocalled；FortPulawski，intheharborofCharleston（whichisatpresent，onverysingularterms，RE—engagedinthesameso—calledCause！），wasnamedinmemoryofthisCasimir。HehaddefendedCzenstochow（ifanybodyknewwhatCzenstochowwas，orcouldfinditinthePolishmap）；anditwasalsohethatcontrivedthatwonderfulplanofsuddenlysnappingupKingStanislausfromthestreetsofWarsawonenight，["3dNovember，1771。"]andoflockinghimaway（bynomeanskillinghim），asthesourceofallourwoes。
　　OmyPulawskis，mennotwithoutmanhood，whatabedlamofaTimehaveyouandIfalleninto，andwhatCausesofFreedomithasgotinhand！
　　Bar，apoorplace，withnodefencesbutadryditchandsomemiserableearthworks，theConfederateshadnottheleastchancetomaintain；Kaminiec，theonlyfortressoftheProvince，theyneverevengotinto，findingsomefractionofroyalsoldierywhostoodforKingStanislausthere，andwhofiredontheConfederateswhenappliedto。BarasmallRussiandivision，withcertainStanislaussoldieriesconjoined，tookbycapitulation；and（datenotgiven）
　　enteredinavictoriousmanner。TheWar—EpicoftheConfederates，whichRulhieresingsatsuchlength，isblankofmeaning。
　　Of"CloisterCzenstochow，"afamedfeatofPulawski’s，alsowithoutresult，IcouldnotfrommyRulhierediscover（whatwasaltogetheranilluminativefacttome！）thatthedateofCzenstochowwasnottill1771。Afeatof"CloisterBERDICZOW，"almostanexactfacsimilebythesamePulawski，alsoresultless，Idid，underHermann’sguidance，atoncefind；——andhopethereaderwillbesatisfiedtoacceptitinstead:CloisterBerdiczow，whichliesinthePalatinateofKiow；andwhichhasamiraculousHolyVirgin，notlessveneratedfarandwideinthoseeasternparts，thansheofCloisterCzenstochowinthewestern:THISCloisterBerdiczowanditssalutaryVirgin，Pulawski（theCasimir，nowofCharlestonHarbor）diddefend，withabout1，000men，inareallyobstinateway，TheMonasteryitselfhadinitgiftsofthefaithful，accumulatedforages；andalltherichestpeopleinthoseProvinces，Confederateornot，hadlodgedtheirpreciositiesthere，asinanimpregnableandsureplace，inthosetimesoftrouble。
　　Intenselydesirous，accordingly，theRussiansweretotakeit，buthadnocannon；desperatelyresolutePulawskiandhis1，000todefend。Pulawskiandhis1，000firedintensely，tilltheircannon—
　　ballswerequitedone；thentooktofiringwithiron—work，andhardmiscellaniesofeverysort，especiallygladwhentheycouldgetahaulofglasstoloadwith；——andabsolutelywouldnotyieldtillfaminecame；thoughthetermsofferedweregood，——hadtheybeenkept。
　　SothatPulawski，itwouldappear，didTwoCloisterDefences？
　　Two，eachwithamiraculousHolyVirgin；aneastern，andthenawesterly。ThisofBerdiczow，notdatedtomefarther，isforcertainoftheyear1768；andPulawski，owingtofamine，didyieldhere。In1771，atmiraculousCloisterCzenstochow，inthewesternparts，Pulawskididanexternalfeat，orconsentedtoseeitdone，——thatoftryingtosnuffoutpoorKingStanislausonthestreets（3dNovember，10P。M。，"miraculously"invain，asmostreadersknow），——whichbroughtitsobloquiesandtroublesontheDefenderofCzenstochow。Obloquiesandtroubles:butastosurrenderingCzenstochowoncallofobloquy，oroffamineitself，Pulawskiwouldnot，notheforhisownpart；butsolemnlylefthismentodoit，andwalkedawaybycircuitousuncertainpaths，whichendinCharlestonHarbor，aswehaveseen。[AtSavannah，inastrictersense。"PerishedattheSiege[futileattempttostorm，bytheFrench，whichtheycalledaSiege]ofSavannah，9thOctober，1779。"]DefenceofCzenstochowin1771shallnotconcernusfarther。TrulythesetwosmalldefencesofmonasteriesbyPulawskiarealmostall，Idonotsayofglorious，butevenofcreditableorhuman，thatrewardthepoorwandererinthatPolishValleyofJehoshaphat，muchofitpeat—country；whereforeIhave，asbefore，markedtheapproximatelocalities，approximatedates，forbehoofofingenuousreaders。
　　TheRussians，eversince1764，fromthebeginningsofthoseStanislaustimes，arepledgedtomaintainpeaceinPoland；anditistheythathavetodealwiththisaffair，——theyespecially，oralmostwholly，poorStanislaushavingscarcelyanypower，militaryorother，andperhapsbeingloathwithal。Therewasmoreofinvestigatingandparleying，bargainingandintriguing，thanoffighting，onStanislaus’spart。"June11th，1768，"saysaSaxonNotefromWarsaw，"Mokranowski，Stanislaus’sGeneral[thesamethatwaswithFriedrich]，hasbeensentdowntoBartolookintothoseConfederates。Mokranowskidoesnotthinkthereareabove8，000ofthem；about3，000havegottheirdeathfromRussiancastigation。
　　The8，000mightbetreatedwith，onlyRussiansaresodreadfullysevere，especiallysointentonwringingmoneyfromthem。
　　ConfederateshavebeencomplainingtotheTurk；Turkambiguous；
　　givesthemnodefinitegroundofhope。’Whatthen，isyourhope？’
　　Iinquired。’Littleornone，exceptinHeaven，’severalanswered:
　　’itisforourreligionandourliberty:’religioncuttopiecesbythisDissidentToleration—blasphemy；libertydittobytheRussianguaranteeofpeaceamongus:’whatcanwedobuttrustinGodandourowndespair？’"["Essen’sReport，11thJune，1768"（inHERMANN，v。441）。]"Praveworts，AncientPistol，"——butmuchdestituteofsense，andnottoberealizedinpresentcircumstances。Hereissomethingmuchmorecritical:——
　　JUNE—JULY，1768。"ThepeasantsintheSouthernregions，PalatinatesPodol，Kiow，Braclaw，calledUKRAINEorBorder—CountrybythePoles，aremostlyofGreekandotherschismaticcreeds。TheirLordsareofanorthodoxreligion，andnotdistinguishedbymildtreatmentofsuchPeasantry，uponwhomcivilwarandplunderhavebeenlatterlyasorevisitation。Tocompletethematter，theConfederatesincertainquarters，blownuponbyfanaticalpriests，setaboutconvertingthesepoorpeasants，orforcingthem，atthepointofthebayonet，toswearthattheyadoptthe’Greekunitedrite，’whichIsupposetobeakindofhalf—wayhousetowardsperfectorthodoxy。InoneVillage，whichwasgettingconvertedinthismanner，themilitarypartyseemedtobesmall；theVillageboiledoveruponit；trampledorthodoxyandmilitarybothunderfoot，inaviolentandsanguinarymanner；andwasextremelyfrightenedwhenithaddone。Extremelyfrightened，nottheVillageonly，buttheschismaticmindgenerallyinthoseparts，dreadingvengeanceforsuchaparoxysm。ButtheatrociousRussianswhisperedthem，’Weareheretoprotectyouinyourreligionsandrights，inyourpoorconsciencesandskins。’UponwhichhintoftheatrociousRussians，theschismaticmindandpopulationoneandallrose；
　　and，’withthecannibal’sferocity，gavewaytotheirappetiteforplunder！’……
　　"Nay，theRussianGovernment[certainRussianOfficialshardpressed]hadinvitedtheZaporavianCossackstostepoverfromtheirIslandsintheDniester，andassistindefendingtheirReligion[trueGreek，ofcourse]；whoatoncedidso；andnotonlyextinguishedthelastglimmerofConfederationthere，butoverwhelmedtheCountry，thousandsonthousandsofthem，attendedbyrevoltedpeasants，——saya20，000ofpeasantsundercommandoftheseZaporavians，——whowentaboutplunderingandburning。
　　ThattheyplunderedtheJewpot—housesoftheirbrandy，anddrankit，wasasmallmatter。VeryfuriousuponJews，uponNoblemen，Landlords，uponCatholicPriests。’Ononetree[treeshouldhavebeennoted]wasfoundhangedaspecimenofeachofthoseclasses，withaDogadjoined，asfitcompany。’InonelittleTown，TownofHUMAN[socalledinthatforeigndialect]，gettingsomeprovocationorother，theysettomassacring；andifbrandywereplentiful，wecansupposetheymadeshortwork。BythelowestcomputationthenumberofslainJewsandCatholicsamountedto10，000odd[Hermann，v。444；Rulhiere，iii。93。]——Rulhieresays’50，000，bysomeaccounts200，000。’"ThisIguesstohavebeenatitsheightabouttheendofJune；thisleadsdirecttotheCatastrophe，aswillpresentlybeseen。
　　ForeignStatesdon’tseemtopaymuchattention，——indeed，whatsanepersonwouldliketointerfere，orhopetodoitwithprofit？
　　France，Austria，bothwishwelltoPoland，atleastilltoRussia；
　　Choiseulhasnofinance，candonothingbutintrigue，andstiruptroubleeverywhere:adevoutKaiserinngoeswithHolyChurch，anddisapprovesoftheseDissidentTolerations:itisremarkedthatallthrough1768theConfederatesofBararepermittedtoretireovertheAustrianFrontierintoAustrianSilesia，andfindthemselvesthereinsafety。Permittedtobuyarms，tomakepreparations，issueorders:atSulkowski’sBilitz，intheDuchyofTeschen，supremeManagingCommitteesitsthere；noKaunitzorOfficialpersonmeddlingwithit。Aboutthebeginningofnextyear（1769），itis，ostensibly，alittlediscountenanced；andobligedtogotoEperjes，ontheHungarianFrontier[SeeBusching:forEperjes，ii。1427；
　　forBilitz，viii。885。]（asamoredecentorlessconspicuousplace），——suchtroublenowrising；aTurkWarhavingbrokenout，momentousnottotheConfederationalone。March，1769，theever—
　　intriguingChoiseul——fancywithwhatrapturouseffect——hadsentsomekindofAgentorVisitortoTeschen；VergennesinTurkey，fromthebeginningofthesethings，hasbeenplyingnightanddayhisdiplomaticbellowsuponeverylive—coal（"IwhomyselfkindledthisTurk—War！"bragsheafterwards）；——nottillnextyear（1770）didChoiseulsendhisDumourieztotheBilitzneighborhoods；nottillnextagain，whenChoiseulwashimselfout，[Thrownout"2dDecember，1770，"——byLouis’sNEWPompadour。]didhisViomenilcome:
　　[Hermann，v。469—471；inRULHIERE（iv。241—289）accountofDumouriesandhisfencingsandspyings，stillmoreofViomenil，whohad"FrenchVolunteers，"anddidsomebitsofrealfightingonthesmallscale。]neitherofwhom，bytheirownheadalone，withoutfunds，withouttroops，coulddootherthanwithfineeffortmakebadworse。
　　Itisneedlesscontinuingsuchasubject。Hereisoneglimpsetwoyearslater，anditshallbeourlast:"NEARLUBLIN，25thSEPTEMBER，1770。Itisfrightful，allthisthatispassingintheseparts，——abouttheTownofLabun，forexample。Thedeadbodiesremainwithoutburial；theyaredevouredbythedogsandthepigs……EverywherereignsPestilence；nordowefearcontagionsomuchasfamine。Offer100ducatsforafowlorforabitofbread，I
　　swearyouwon’tgetit。GeneralvonEssen[Russian，wewillhope]
　　hashadtoescapefromLaticzew，thenfrom"someotherplace，"Pestilencechasinghimeverywhere。"
　　ToapplytotheTurks，——afflictedPolishPatriotsprostratingthemselveswiththehopeofdespair，"Saveus，yoursublimeClemency；throwarayofpityonus，BrotheroftheSunandMoon:
　　oh，chastiseourdiabolicoppressors！"——thiswasoneofthefirstresourcesoftheBarConfederates。TheTurksdidgiveear；
　　notinattentive，thoughpretendingtoberatherdeaf。M。deVergennes，——ofwhose"diplomaticbellows"wejustheard（infact，fordiligenceinthisTurkelement，inthisyoungtime，thelikeofhimwasseldomseen；weknewhimlongafterwardsasadiligentoldgentleman，inFrench—Revolutiondays），——M。deVergenneszealouslysupports；zealoustoletloosetheTurkuponAnti—Frenchparties。
　　TheTurksseemtowagtheirheads，forsometime；andtheirresponsesareambiguous。Forsometime，notforlong。Here，fastenough，comes，indisguisedshape，theCatastropheitself，yepoorplaintivePoles！
　　JULY—OCTOBER，1768。ThoseZaporavianandotherCossacks，with20，000peasantsplunderingaboutonbothsidesoftheDniester，hadsetfiretothelittleTownofBalta，whichisonthesouthside，andbelongstotheTurks:averygraveaccident，thinkallpoliticalpeople，thinkespeciallytheForeignExcellenciesatWarsaw，whennewsofitarrives。BurningofBalta，nottobequenchedbytheamplestRussianapologies，provedalive—coalatConstantinople；andVergennessays，hesetpopulationandDivanonfirebyit:aproofthatthepopulationandDivanhadalreadybeeninaveryinflammablestate。NotawiseDivan，thoughazealous。
　　Plentyoffuryinthesepeople；butasaddeficiencyofeveryotherfaculty。Theymadehaste，intheirhothumor，todeclareWar（6thOctober，1768）；[Hermann，v。608—611。]notconsideringmuchhowtheywouldcarryiton。DeclaredthemselvesinlateAutumn，——asiftogivetheRussiansampletimeforpreparing；thosepoorTurksthemselvesbeingasyetreadywithnothing，andeventheseasonforfield—operationsbeingover。
　　KingFriedrich，whohasstillaMinisteratthePorte，endeavoredtodissuadehisoldTurkfriends，inthisrashcrisis；buttonopurpose；theywouldlistentonothingbutVergennesandtheirownfury。FriedrichfindsthisWaraverymadoneonthepartofhisoldTurkfriends；theirpromptitudetogointoit（hehasknownthembackwardenoughwhentheirchanceswerebetter！），andtheirwayofcarryingiton，arealikesurprisingtohim。Hesays:
　　"Catharine’sGeneralswereunacquaintedwiththefirstelementsofCastrametationandTactic；buttheGeneralsoftheSultanhadastillmoreprodigiousdepthofignorance；sothattoformacorrectideaofthisWar，youmustfigureasetofpurblindpeople，who，byconstantlybeatingasetofaltogetherblind，endbygainingoverthemacompletemastery。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。23，24。]This，asFriedrichknows，iswhatAustriacannotsuffer；thisiswhatwillinvolveAustriaandRussia，andFriedrichalongwiththem，in——Friedrich，asthemattergraduallyunfoldsitself，shudderstothinkwhat。ThebeginningsofthisWarwereperhapsalmostcomicaltotheoldSoldier—King；butasitgraduallydevelopeditselfintocompleteshatteringtopiecesofthestupidBlindbytheambitiousPurblind，hegrewabundantlyseriousuponit。