"Catharinesteeredtowardsherstars。Loverswerevouchsafedher，ofakind（hersmallstars，aswemaycallthem）；and，atlength，throughperilousintricacies，thebigstar，AutocracyofAlltheRussias，——throughwhathorrorsofintricacy，thatlast！ShehadhopedalwaysitwouldbebyHusbandPeterthatshe，withthedeepersteadyhead，wouldbeAutocrat:buttheintricacieskeptincreasing，grewatlasttothestranglingpitch；anditcametobe，betweenPeterandher，’EitheryoutoSiberia（perhapsFARTHER），orelseI！’AnditwasPeterthathadtogo；——inwhathideouswayiswellenoughknown；noSiberia，noHolsteinthoughttobefarenoughforPeter:——andCatharine，merelyweepingalittleforhim，mountedtotheAutocracyherself。Andthen，thebigstarofstarsbeingoncehers，shehad，notintheloverkindalone，butinalluncelestialkinds，wholenebulaeandmilky—waysofsmallstars。AverySemiramis，theLouis—QuatorzeofthoseNorthernParts。’SecondCreatressofRussia，’secondPetertheGreatinasense。Tomenoneoftheloveliestobjects；yetthereareuglier，howinfinitelyuglier:objectgrandiose，ifnotgreat。"——
　　WereturntoFriedrichandtheDeathofCatin。
　　ColonelHordt，Ibelieve，wasthefirstwhocrediblyapprisedFriedrichofthegreatRussianEvent。ColonelHordt，lateoftheFree—CorpsHORDT，butcaptivesincesoonaftertheKunersdorftime；
　　andwhosedolefulquasi—infernal"twenty—fivemonthsandthreedays"intheCitadelofPetersburghavechangedinonehourintocelestialgloriesintheCourtofthatCity；——asreadersshallthemselvesseeanon。ByHordtorbywhomsoever，theinstantFriedrichheard，byanauthenticsource，ofthenewCzar’sAccession，Friedrichhastenedtoturnrounduponhimwiththefriendliestattitude，witharmsasifreadytoopen；dismissingallhisRussianPrisoners；andtestifying，ineverypoliteandroyalway，howgladlyhewouldadvanceifpermitted。TowhichtheCzar，byHordtandbyotherchannels，imperiallyresponded；rushingforward，he，asifwitharmsflungwide。
　　January31stisOrderfromtheKing，[InSCHONING，iii。275
　　（"Breslau，31stJanuary，1762"）。]ThatourRussianPrisoners，oneandall，shod，cladanddieted，beforthwithsetunderwayfromStettin:inreturnforwhichgenerositythePrussians，fromSiberiaorwherevertheywereburied，are，soonafter，hasteninghomeinlikemanner。Gudowitsh，Peter’sfavoriteAdjutant，whohadbeensenttocongratulateatZerbst，comesroundbyBreslau（February20th），andhasjoyfullybenignaudiencenextday；directlyontheheelofwhom，AdjutantColonelvonGoltz，whoKAMMERHERRaswellasColonel，andunderstandsthingsofbusiness，goestoPetersburg。
　　February23d，CzarishMajesty，tothehorrorofViennaandgladastonishmentofmankind，emitsDeclaration（NotetoalltheForeignExcellenciesinPetersburg），"ThatthereoughttobePeacewiththisKingofPrussia；thatCzarishMajesty，forhisownpart，isresolvedonthething；givesupEastPreussenandtheso—calledconquestsmade；RussianparticipationinsuchaWarhasceased。"
　　AndpracticallyordersCzernichef，whoiswinteringwithhis20，000
　　inGlatz，toquitGlatzandtheseAustrianCombinations，andmarchhomewardwithhis20，000。WhichCzernichef，sosoonasarrangementsofproviantandthelikearemade，hastenstodo；——anddoes，asfarasThorn；butnofarther，forareasonthatwillbeseen。OnthelastdayofMarch，Czernichef——offaboutaweekagofromGlatz，andnowgotintotheBreslaulatitude——cameacross，withaselectSuiteofFour，topayhiscourtthere；andhadthehonortodinewithhisMajesty，andtobe，personallytoo，aCzernichefagreeabletohisMajesty。
　　ThevehemencyofAustrianDiplomaciesatPetersburg；andthehorrorofKaiserinnandKriegshofrathinVienna，——whohavejustdischarged20，000oftheirownpeople，countingonthisCzernichef，andbeingdreadfullytightformoney，——maybefancied。Butallavailsnothing。TheardentCzaradvancestowardsFriedrichwitharmsflungwide。GoltzandGudowitshareengagedonTreatyofPeace；
　　CzarfranklygivesupEastPreussen，"Yoursagain；whatusehasRussiaforit，RoyalFriend？"TreatyofPeacegoesforwardlikethedrawingofaMarriage—settlement（concludedMAY5th）；and，inamonthmore，haschangedintoTreatyofAlliance；——CzernicheforderedtostopshortatThorn；toturnback，andjoinhimselftothisheroicKing，insteadoffightingagainsthim。WhichagainCzernichef，himselfanadmirerofthisKing，joyfullydoes；——
　　though，unhappily，notwithalltheadvantageheexpectedtotheKing。
　　SwedishPeace，QueenUlriqueandtheAnti—FrenchPartynowgettingtheupperhand，hadbeenhasteningforwardintheinterim（finished，atHamburg，MAY2d）:amostsmallmatterincomparisontotheRussian；butwelcomeenoughtoFriedrich；——thoughhesaidslightinglyofit，whenfirstmentioned:"Peace？IknownothardlyofanyWartherehasbeenwithSweden；——askColonelBellingaboutit！"ColonelBelling，amostshiningswiftHussarColonel，who，witha2，000sharpfellows，hangingalwaysontheSwedishflanks，sharpaslightning，"nowhereandyeteverywhere，"aswassaidofhim，hasmainly，forthelastyearortwo，hadthemanagementofthisextraordinary"War。"PeaceoveralltheNorth，Peaceandmore，isnowFriedrich’s。Stranglingimbroglio，wideastheworld，hasebbedtoman’sheight；dawnofdayhasripenedintosunriseforFriedrich；thewayoutisnowathingcredibleandvisibletohim。
　　Peter’sfriendlinessisboundless；almosttooboundless！PeterbegsaPrussianRegiment，——dresseshimselfinitsuniform，ColonelofITZENPLITZ；FriedrichbegsaRussianRegiment，ColonelofSCHUWALOF:andallisjoyful，hopeful；marriage—bellsinsteadofdirgedittoandgallowsditto，——unhappilynotforverylong。
　　InregardtoFriedrich’sfeelingswhileallthiswenton，takethefollowingsmallutterancesofhis，beforegoingfarther。
　　JANUARY27th，1762（ToMadamCamas，——eightdaysaftertheRussianEvent）:"Irejoice，mygoodMamma，tofindyouhavesuchcourage；
　　Iexhortyoutoredoubleit！Allendsinthisworld；sowemayhopethisaccursedWarwillnotbetheonlythingeternalthere。
　　SincedeathhastrussedupacertainCATINoftheHyperboreanCountries，oursituationhasadvantageouslychanged，andbecomesmoresupportablethanitwas。Wemusthopethatsomeotherevents[favorofthenewCzarmainly]willhappen；bywhichwemayprofittoarriveatagoodPeace。"
　　JANUARY31st（ToMinisterFinkenstein）"Beholdthefirstgleamoflightthatrises；——Heavenbepraisedforit！Wemusthopegoodweatherwillsucceedthesestorms。Godgrantit！"[Preuss，ii。312。]
　　ENDOFMARCH（ToD’Argens）:……"Allthat[atParis；aboutthePompadourisms，theEXILEofBroglioandBrother，andyourothernews]isverymiserable；aswellasthatdiscrepancybetweenKing’sCouncilandParlementforandagainsttheJesuits！But，MONCHER
　　MARQUIS，myheadissoill，Icantellyounothingmore，——
　　exceptthattheCzarofRussiaisadivineman；towhomIoughttoerectaltars。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，
　　xix。301。]
　　MAY25th（Tothesame，——RussianPEACEthreeweeksago）:"Itisverypleasanttome，dearMarquis，thatSans—SoucicouldaffordyouanagreeableretreatduringthebeautifulSpringdays。Ifitdependedonlyonme，howsoonshouldIbetherebesideyou！ButtotheSixCampaignsthereisaSeventhtobeadded，andwillsoonopen；
　　eitherbecausetheNumber7hadoncemysticqualities，orbecauseintheBookofFatefromalleternitythe"——……"JesuitsbanishedfromFrance？Ah，yes:——hearingofthat，Imademybitofplanforthem[meantohavemypickofthemasschoolmastersinSilesiahere]；andamwaitingonlytillIgetSilesiaclearedofAustriansasthefirstthing。Youseewemustnotmowthecorntillitisripe。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。p。321。]
　　MAY28th（Tothesame）:……TartarKhanactuallyastir，10，000menofhisinHungary（Iamtold）；Turkpotentiallyditto，with200，000
　　（futileboth，asever）:"AllthingsshowmethesureprospectofPeacebytheendofthisYear；and，inthebackgroundofit，Sans—
　　SouciandmydearMarquis！Asweetcalmspringsupagaininmysoul；andafeelingofhope，towhichforsixyearsIhadgotunused，consolesmeforallIhavecomethrough。ThinkonlywhatacoilIshallbein，beforeamonthhence[Campaignopenedbythattime，horridGamebegunagain]；andwhatapasswehadcometo，inDecemberlast:Countryatitslastgasp（AGONISAIT），asifwaitingforextremeunction:andnow——！"[Ib。xix。323。]……
　　JUNE8th（ToMadameCamas，——RussianALLIANCEnowcome）:"Iknowwell，mygoodMamma，thesincerepartyoutakeintheluckyeventsthatbefallus。Themischiefis，wearegotsolow，thatwewantatpresentallmanneroffortunateeventstoraiseusagain；andTwograndconclusionsofPeace[theRussian，theSwedish]，whichmightre—establishPeacethroughout，areatthismomentonlyasteptowardsfinishingtheWarlessunfortunately。"[Ib。xviii。
　　146，147。]*
　　Sameday，JUNE8th（ToD’Argens）:"Czernichefisonmarchtojoinus。OurCampaignwillnotopentilltowardstheendofthismonth[didopenJuly1st]；butthinkthenwhataprettynoiseinthispoorSilesiaagain！Infine，mydearMarquis，thejobaheadofmeishardanddifficult；andnobodycansaypositivelyhowitwillallgo。Prayforus；anddon’tforgetapoordevilwhokicksaboutstrangelyinhisharness，wholeadsthelifeofonedamned；andwhoneverthelesslovesyousincerely。——Adieu。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。327。]D’Argens（May24th）hasheard，byLettersfromverywell—informedpersonsinVienna，that"ImperialMajesty，forsometimepast，spendshalfofhertimeinprayingtotheVirgin，andtheotherhalfinweeping。""Iwishher，"addstheungallantD’Argens，"aspunishmentforthemischiefsherambitionhascostmankindthesesevenyearspast，thefateofPhaethon’sSisters，andthatshemeltaltogetherintowater！"[Ib。xix。320
　　（"24thMay，1762"）。]——Takeoneotherlittleutterance；andthentoColonelHordtandthePetersburgsideofthings。
　　JUNE19th（stilltoD’Argens）；"WhatisnowgoingoninRussianoCountKaunitzcouldforesee:whathascometopassinEngland，——ofwhichthehatefulestpart[Bute’saltogetherextraordinaryattempts，intheKaunitz，intheCzarPeterdirection，toFORCEaPeaceuponme]isnotyetknowntoyou，——Ihadnonotionof，informingmyplans！TheGovernorofaState，introubloustimes，nevercanbesure。Thisiswhatdisgustsmewiththebusiness，incomparison。AManofLettersoperatesonsomethingcertain；
　　aPoliticiancanhavealmostnodataofthatkind。"[Ib。xix。
　　p。329。]（Howeasyeverybody’stradebutone’sown！）
　　ReadersknowwhatatragedypoorPeter’swas。HisCzernichefdidjointheKing；butwithfarlessadvantagethanCzernicheforanybodyhadanticipated！——ItisnoneofourintentiontogointothechaoticRussianelement，orthatwildlyblazingsanguinaryCatharine—and—Peterbusiness；ofwhich，atanyrate，thereareplentifulaccountsincommoncirculation，moreorlessaccurate，——
　　especiallyM。Rulhiere’s，[HistoireouAnecdotessurlaRevolutiondeRussieenl’annes1762（written1768；firstprintedParis，1797:
　　EnglishTranslation，London，1797）。]themostsuccinct，lucidandleastunsatisfactory，intheaccessiblelanguages。OnlysofarasFriedrichwasconcernedarewe。ButreaderssawthisCouplemarried，underFriedrich’sauspices，——aMarriagewhichhethoughtimportanttwentyyearsago；andsureenoughtheDissolutionofitdidproveimportanttohim，andisanecessaryitemhere！
　　Readers，eventhosethatknowRULHIERE，willdoubtlessconsenttoalittlesupplementingfromTwootherEye—witnessesofcredit。
　　ThefirstandprincipalisarespectableEx—SwedishGentleman，whomreadersusedtohearof；theColonelHordtabovementioned，onceoftheFree—CorpsHORDT，butfallenPrisonerlatterly；——whoseexperiencesandreportsareallthemoreinterestingtous，asFriedrichhimselfhadspeciallytodependonthematpresent；
　　anddoubtless，intimeslongafterwards，nowandthenheardspeechofthemfromHordt。OursecondEye—witnessistheReverendHerrDoctorBusching（oftheERDBESCHREIBUNG，oftheBEITRAGE，andmanyotherWorks，aninvaluablefriendtousallalong）；who，inhiswanderingtime，hadcometobe"PastoroftheGERMANCHURCHAT
　　PETERSBURG，"someyearsback。
　　WHATCOLONELHORDTANDTHEOTHERSSAWATPETERSBURG
　　（January—July，1762）。
　　Autumn，1759，inthesequeltoKUNERSDORF，——whentheRussiansandDaunlaysolongtorpid，uncertainwhattodoexceptkeepFriedrichandPrinceHenriwellseparate，andFriedrichhadsuchwatchings，campingsandmarchingsaboutonthehitherskirtofthem（skirtalwaysveiledinCossacks，andproducingskirmishesasyoumarchedpast），——wedidmentionHordt’scapture；[Supra，vol。x。p。315。]
　　notmuchhopingthatreaderscouldrememberitinsuchapressofthingsmorememorable。Itwasin，oraspreludeto，oneofthoseskirmishes（oneoftheearliest，andarathersharpone，"atTrebatsch，"inFrankfurt—LieberoseCountry，"4thSeptember，1759"），thatHordthadhismisfortune:hehadbeenoutreconnoitring，withanOrderlyortwo，beforetheskirmishbegan，wassuddenly"surroundedby200Cossacks，"andafterdesperateplungingintobogs，desperatefiringofpistolsandthelike，wastakenprisoner。
　　WascartedmiserablytoPetersburg，——suchajourneyfordeadennuiasHordtneverknew；andwasthentumbledoutintosolitaryconfinementintheCitadel，aplaceliketheSpanishInquisition；
　　nottheleastnoticetakenofhisrequestforafewBooks，forleavetoanswerhispoorWife’sLetter，merelybythewords，"Dearone，Iamalive；"——andwasleftthere，tothecompanyofhisownreflections，andalifeasifinvacantHades，fortwenty—fivemonthsandthreedays。Afterthelapseofthatperiod，hehassomethingtosaytousagain，andwetransientlylookinuponhimthere。
　　TheBookweexcerptfromisMemoiresduComtedeHordt（secondedition，2volumes12mo，Berlin，1789）。
　　ThisisBooksellerPitra’sredactionoftheHordtAutobiography（Berlin，1788，wasPitra’sfirstedition）:severalyearsafter，howmanyisnotsaid，norwhetherHordt（whohadbecomeadignitaryinBerlinsocietybeforePitra’sfeat）wasstilllivingornot，a"M。Borelly，ProfessorintheMilitarySchool，"undertookasecondconsiderablyenlargedandimprovedredaction；——ofwhichlatterthereisanEnglishTranslation；easyenoughtoread；butnearlywithoutmeaning，Ishouldfear，toreadersunacquaintedwiththesceneandsubject。[MemoirsoftheCountdeHordt:
　　London，1806:2vols。12mo，——onlytheFIRSTvolumeofwhich（unavailablehere）isinmypossession。]Hordtwasreckonedaperfectlyveracious，intelligentkindofman:butheseldomgivestheleastdate，specificationorprecisedetail；andhisBookreads，notliketheTestimonyofanEye—witness，whichitis，andvaluablewhenyouunderstandit；butmorelikesomevagueForgery，compiledbyadestituteinventiveindividual，regardlessoftheTenCommandments（sparinglyconsultingevenhisfileofOldNewspapers），andwritingaBookwhichwoulddeservethetread—mill，werethereanyPoliceinhistrade！——
　　WEDNESDAY，6thJANUARY，1762，Hordt’svacantHadesofanexistenceintheCitadelofPetersburgwasbrokenbyaloudsound:
　　threeminute—gunswentofffromdifferentsides，closeby；andthenwholesalvos，pealafterpeal:"Czarinagoneovernight，PeterIII。
　　Czarinherstead！"saidtheOfficer，rushingintotellHordt；
　　towhomitwasasnewsofresurrectionfromthedead。"Eveningofsameday，anAide—de—CampofthenewCzarcametoannouncemyliberty；equipagewaitingtotakemeatoncetohisRussianMajesty。Askedhimtodeferittillthefollowingday——soagitatedwasI。"AndindeedtheCzar，busytakingacclamations，oathsoffealty，ridingaboutamonghisTroopsbytorchlight，couldhavemadelittleofmethatevening。[Hermann，GeschichtedesRussischenStaats，v。241。]"Ultimately，mypresentationwasdeferredtillSunday"January10th，"thatitmightbedonewithpropersplendor，alltheNobilitybeingthenusuallyassembledabouthisMajesty。"
　　"JANUARY10th，Waited，amidcrowdsofNobility，intheGallery，accordingly。WaspresentedintheGallery，throughwhichtheCzar，followedbyCzarinaandalltheCourt，werepassingontheirwaytoChapel。Czarmadeashortkindspeech（’Delightedtodoyouanactofjustice，Monsieur，andreturnavaluableservanttotheKingI
　　esteem’）；gavemehishandtokiss:Czarinadidthesame。
　　GeneralKorf，"anexcellentfriend，sokindtomeatKonigsberg，whileIwasgettingcartedhither，andaGeneralnowinhighofficehere，"whohadbeenmyintroducer，ledmeintoChapel，totheCourt’splace（TRIBUNEDELACOUR）。Czarcameacrossrepeatedly[whilepublicworshipwasgoingon；aCzarperhapstooregardlessthatway！]totalktome；dweltmuchonhisattachmenttotheKing。
　　Oncomingout，theHeadChamberlainwhisperedme，’YoudinewiththeCourt。’"Which，ofcourse，Idid。
　　"Tablewasofsixtycovers；splendidastheArabianTales。CzarandCzarinasatsidebyside；KorfandIhadthehonortobeplacedoppositethem。HardlywereweseatedwhentheCzaraddressedme:
　　’YouhavehadnoPrussiannewsthislongwhile。IamgladtotellyouthattheKingiswell，thoughhehashadsuchfightingtorightandleft；——butIhopetherewillsoonbeanendtoallthat。’
　　Wordswhicheverybodylistenedtolikeprophecy！[PeterisnothingofaPolitician。]’Howlonghaveyoubeeninprison？’continuedtheCzar。’Twenty—fivemonthsandthreedays，yourMajesty。’’Wereyouwelltreated？’Hordthesitated，knewnotwhattosay；but，theCzarurginghim，confessed，’Hehadbeenalwaysratherbadlyused；
　　notevenallowedtobuyafewbookstoread。’AtwhichtheCzarinawasevidentlyshocked:’CELAESTBIENBARBARE！’sheexclaimedaloud。——Iwishedmuchtoreturnhomeatonce；andpetitionedtheCzaronthatsubject，duringcoffee，inthewithdrawingrooms；
　　butheanswered，’No，youmustnot，——nottillanexpressPrussianEnvoyarrive！’Ihadtostay，therefore；andwasthenceforthalmostdailyatCourt"，——butunluckilyalittlevague，andaltogetherDATELESSastowhatIsawthere！
　　BIERENANDMUNNICH，BOTHOFTHEMJUSTHOMEFROMSIBERIA，ARETO
　　DRINKTOGETHER（Nodate:PalaceofPetersburg，Spring，1762）。——
　　Peterhadbeguninagreatway:allforliberalism，enlightenment，abolitionofabuses，generalmagnanimityonhisownandeverybody’spart。Rulhieredidnotseethefollowingscene；butitseemstobewellenoughvouchedfor，andRulhiereheardittalkedofinsociety。"Asmanyas20，000persons，itiscounted，havecomehomefromSiberianExile:"theL’Estocs，theMunnichs，Bierens，allmannerofinternecinefigures，asifrisenfromthedead。
　　"SincethenightwhenMunnicharrestedBieren[readerspossiblyrememberit，andMannstein’saccountofit[Supra，vol。vii。
　　p。363。]]，thefirsttimethesetwometwasinthegayandtumultuouscrowdwhichsurroundedthenewCzar。’Come，bygonesbebygones，’saidPeter，noticingthem；’letusthreealldrinktogether，likefriends！’——andorderedthreeglassesofwine。
　　Peterwasbeginninghisglasstoshowtheothersanexample，whensomebodycamewithamessagetohim，whichwasdeliveredinalowtone；Peterlisteningdrankouthiswine，setdowntheglass，andhastenedoff；sothatBierenandMunnich，thetwooldenemies，wereleftstanding，glassinhand，eachwithhiseyesontheCzar’sglass；——atlength，astheCzardidnotreturn，theyflashedeachhiseyesintotheother’sface；andafteramoment’ssurvey，setdowntheirglassesuntasted，andwalkedoffinoppositedirections。"[Rulhiere，p。33。]Won’tcoalesce，itseems，inspiteoftheCzar’shighwishes。AnemblemofmuchthatbefellthepoorCzarinhispresenthighcourseofgoodintentionsandheadlongmagnanimities！——WereturntoHordt:——
　　THECZARWEARSAPORTRAITOFFRIEDRICHONHISFINGER。"CzarPeterneverdisguisedhisPrussianpredilections。Oneeveninghesaid，’ProposetoyourfriendKeith[EnglishExcellencyhere，whomweknow]togivemeasupperathishouseto—morrownight。TheotherForeignMinisterswillperhapsbejealous；butIdon’tcare！’
　　SupperattheEnglishEmbassytookplace。Onlytenortwelvepersons，oftheCzar’schoosing，werepresent。Czarverygayandinfinespirits。TalkedmuchoftheKingofPrussia。Showedmeasignet—ringonhisfinger，withFriedrich’sPortraitinit；
　　ringwashandedroundthetable。"[Hordt，ii。118，124，129。]
　　Thisisasignet—ringfamousatCourtinthesemonths。OnedayPeterhadlostit（mislaidsomewhere），andgotintofuriousexplosiontillitwasfoundforhimagain。[Hermann，v。258。]
　　LetusnowhearBusching，ourGeographicalFriend，foramoment:——
　　HERRPASTORBUSCHINGDOESTHEHOMAGINGFORSELFANDPEOPLE……
　　"InmostCountries，itisOfficialorMilitaryPeoplethatadministertheOathofHomage，onachangeofSovereigns。ButinPetersburg，amongtheGermanpopulation，itisthePastorsoftheirrespectiveChurches。AttheaccessionofPeterIII。，I，forthefirsttime[beingstillayounghandratherthananold]，tooktheOathfromseveralthousandsinmyChurch，"——andhandeditover，withmyown，intheproperquarter。
　　"AstotheCongratulatoryAddresses，thenewCzarreceivedtheCongratulationsofallclasses，andalsoofthePastorsoftheForeignChurches，inthefollowingmanner。Hecamewalkingslowlythroughasuiteofrooms，ineachofwhichabodyofCongratulatorswereassembled。Court—officialspreceded，State—officialsfollowedhim。ThencametheCzarina，attendedinasimilarway。AndalwaysonenteringanewroomtheyreceivedanewCongratulationfromthespokesmanofthepartythere。ThespokesmanofusProtestantPastorswasmycolleague，SeniorTrefurt；buttheGeneral—in—ChiefandHead—of—Police，BaronvonKorf[Hordt’sfriend，knowntousabove，German，weperceive，bycreedandname]，thinkingitwasI
　　thathadtomakethespeech，andintendingtopresentmeatthesametimetotheCzar，motionedtomefromhisplacebehindtheCzartoadvance。ButIdidnotpushforward；thinkingitinopportuneandofnoimportancetome。"——"NeitherdidIsharethegreatexpectationswhichBaronvonKorfandeverybodyentertainedofthisnewreign。Allpeoplenowpromisedthemselvesbettertimes，withoutreflecting[astheyshouldhavedone！]thatthebettermennecessarytoproducethesewerenowhereforthcoming！"[Busching’sBeitrage，vi。（"Author’sownBiography"）462
　　etseq。]
　　Forthefirsttwoorthreemonths，Peterwastheidolofalltheworld:suchgenerositiesandmagnanimities；Suchzealanddiligence，onemagnanimousimprovementfollowinganother！HehadatonceabolishedTortureinhisLaw—Courts:resolvedtohavearegularCodeofLaws，——andJudgestobedependedonfordoingjustice。He"destroyedmonopolies；""loweredthepriceofsalt。"
　　Tothejoyofeverybody，hehadhastened（January18th，secondweekofreign）toabolishtheSECRETCHANCERY，——ahorridSpanish—
　　Inquisitionengineofdomesticpolitics。HisNobilityhehaddeterminedshouldbenoble:January28th（thirdweekofreignjustbeginning），heabsolvedtheNobilityfromallserviledutiestohim:"Youcantravelwhenandwhereyouplease；youarenotobligedtoserveinmyArmies；youmayserveinanybody’snotatwarwithme！"underplauditsloudanduniversalfromthatOrderofmen。
　　AndwaspetitionedbyagratefulPetersburgworld:"Permitus，magnanimousCzar，toraiseastatueofyourMajestyinsolidGold！"
　　"Don’tatall！"answeredPeter:"Ah，ifbygoodgoverningIcouldraiseamemorialinmyPeople’shearts；thatwouldbetheStatueforme！"[Hermann，v。248。]PoorheadlongPeter！——ItwasalessluckystepthatofinformingtheClergy（datenotgiven），ThatintheCzarshiplaySpiritualSovereigntyaswellasTemporal，andthatHEwouldhenceforthadministertheirrichAbbeyLandsandthelike:——thisgaveasadshocktotheupperstrataofPriesthood，extendinggraduallytothelower，andultimatelyraisinganominousgeneralthought（perhapsworsethanageneralcry）of"ChurchinDanger！Alas，isourCzarregardlessofHolyReligion，then？
　　Perhaps，atheartstillLutheran，andhasnoReligion？"This，andhistooheadlongPrussiantendencies，arecountedtohavedonehiminfinitemischief。
　　HERRBUSCHINGSEESTHECZARONHORSEBACK。"WhentheCzar’sownRegimentofCuirassierscametoPetersburg，theCzar，dressedintheuniformoftheregiment，rodeouttomeetit；andreturningatitshead，roderepeatedlythroughcertainquartersoftheTown。
　　Hishelmetwasbuckledtightwithleatherstrapsunderthechin；
　　hesathishorseasuprightandstiffasawoodenimage；heldhissabreinequallystiffmanner；turnedfixedlyhiseyestotheright；andneverbyahair’s—breadthchangedthatposture。Insuchattitudehetwicepassedmyhousewithhisregiment，withoutchangingafeatureatsightofthemanypersonswhocrowdedthewindows。Tome[inmyprivatelyausterejudgment]heseemedsoKLEINGEISTISCH，sosmall—mindedaperson，thatI"——infact，knewnotwhattothinkofit。[Busching，Beitrage，
　　vi。464。]
　　HORDTSEESTHEDECEASEDCZARINALYINGINSTATE。"Oneday，afterdiningatCourt，GeneralKorfproposedthatweshouldgoandseetheLITDEPARADE"（Parade—bed）ofthelateCzarina，whichisinanotherPalace，notfaroff。"CountSchuwalof[NOTheroldlover，whohasDIEDsinceher，pooroldcreature；buthisSon，acultivatedman，afterwardsVoltaire’sfriend]accompaniedus；
　　and，hisroomsbeingcontiguoustothoseofthedeadLady，heaskedustotakecoffeewithhimafterwards。TheImperialBierstoodintheGrandSaloon，whichwashungallroundwithblack，festoonedandgarlandedwithcloth—of—silver；theglareofwax—lightsquiteblinding。Bier，coveredwithcloth—of—goldtrimmedwithsilverlace，wasraiseduponsteps。ArichCrownwasontheheadofthedeadCzarina。BesidethebierstoodFourLadies，twooneachhand，ingrandmourning；immensecrapetrainingonthegroundbehindthem。TwoOfficersoftheLife—Guardoccupiedtheloweststeps:
　　onthetopmost，atthefootofthebier，wasanArchimandrite（superiorkindofABBOT），whohadaBiblebeforehim，fromwhichhereadaloud，——continuouslytillrelievedbyanother。Thiswentondayandnightwithoutinterruption。Allroundthebier，onstools（TABOURETS），wereplaceddifferentCrowns，andtheinsigniaofvariousOrders，——thoseofPrussia，amongothers。Itbeingestablishedusage，Ihad，tomygreatrepugnance，tokissthehandofthecorpse！WethentalkedalittletotheLadiesinattendance（withtheircrapetrains），jokingaboutthearticleofhand—
　　kissing；finallyweadjournedforcoffeetoCountSchuwalof’sapartments，whichwereofanincrediblemagnificence。"Thatsameevening，fartheron，——
　　"IsuppedwiththeCzarinhisPETITAPPARTEMENT，PrivateRooms[afinefree—and—easynookofspace！]。ThecompanythereconsistedoftheCountessWoronzow，acreaturewithoutanygraces，bodilyormental，whomtheCzarhadchosenforhisMistress[snub—nosed，pock—marked，fat，andwithaperttongueattimes]，whomIlikedtheless，astherewereoneortwootherveryhandsomewomenthere。
　　SomeCourtierstoo；andnoForeignersbuttheEnglishEnvoyandmyself。Thesupperwasverygay，andwasprolongedlateintothenight。Theselateorgies，however，didnotpreventhisMajestyfromattendingtobusinessingoodtimenextmorning。Hewouldappearunexpectedly，atanearlyhour，attheSenate，attheSynod[HeadCONSISTORY]，makingthemstandtotheirduties，"——orpretendtodoit。HisMajestyisnotunderstoodtohavegotmuchrealworkoutofeitheroftheseGoverningBodies；theformer，theSenate，orSECULARone，whichhadfallenverytorpidlatterly，was，notlongafterthis，sufferedtodieoutaltogether。Peterhimselfwasaviolentlypushingman，andnevershrankfromlabor；alwaysinaplungeofhurries，andofirregularhours。Inhisfinaltime，peoplewhispered，"TheCzariskillinghimself；sitssmoking，tippling，talkingtill2inthemorning；andisoverheadinbusinessagainby7！"
　　CZARINAELIZABETH’SFUNERAL，ASSEENBYHORDT（muchabridged）。
　　"At10inthemorningallthebellsinPetersburgbrokeout；
　　andtolledincessantly[dayormonthnothintedat，——norworthseeking；grimdarknessofuniversalfrostperceptibleenough；
　　clangorofbells；andprocessionseeminglyofmileslong，——onthisextremelyhigherrand！]——Minute—gunswerefiredfromthemomenttheprocessionsetoutfromtheCastletillitarrivedattheCitadel，adistanceoftwoEnglishmilesandahalf。Plankswerelaidalltheway；formingasortofbridgethroughthestreets，andovertheiceoftheNeva。AllthesoldiersoftheGarrisonwererankedinespalieroneachside。Threehundredgrenadiersopenedthemarch；
　　afterthem，threehundredpriests，insacerdotalcostume；
　　walkingtwo—and—two，singinghymns。AlltheCrownsandOrders，abovementionedbyme，werecarriedbyhighDignitariesoftheCourt，walkinginsinglefile，eachachamberlainbehindhim。
　　HearsewasfollowedbytheCzar，skirtofhisblackcloakheldupbyTwelveChamberlains，eachalightedtaperintheOTHERhand。
　　PrinceGeorgeofHolstein[Czar’sUncle]camenext，thenHolstein—
　　Beck[Czar’sCousin]。CzarinaCatharinefollowed，alsoonfoot，withalightedtaper；hercloakbornebyallherLadies。
　　Threehundredgrenadiersclosedtheprocession。Bellstolling，minute—gunsfiring，seasofpeoplecrowding。"——ThustheRussiansburiedtheirCzarina。Dayanditsduskyfrost—curtainssank；
　　andBootes，lookingdownfromthestarrydeeps，foundoneTelluricAnomalyforeverhiddenfromhim。ShehadleftofunwornDresses，therichestprocurableinNature（fiveadayherusualallowance，andneverorseldomworntwice），"15，000andsomehundreds。"
　　[Hermann，v。176。]
　　HORDTISOFTHENEWCZARINACATHARINE’SEVENINGPARTIES。
　　"TheCzarinareceivedcompanyeverymorning。Shereceivedeverybodywithgreataffabilityandgrace。Butnotwithstandinghereffortstoappeargay，onecouldperceiveadeepbackgroundofsadnessinher。
　　Sheknewbetterthananybodytheviolent（ARDENTE）characterofherhusband；andperhapsshethenalreadyforesawwhatwouldcome。
　　Shealsohadhercircleeveryevening，andalwaysaskedthecompanytostaysupper。Oneevening，whenIwasofherparty，aconfidentialEquerryoftheCzarcamein，andwhisperedmeThatI
　　hadbeensearchedforalloverTown，tocometosupperattheCOUNTESS’S（thatwastheusualdesignationoftheSultana，"——DAS
　　FRAULEIN，speltinRussianways，isthemoreusual）。"Ibeggedtobeexcusedforthistime，beingengagedtosupwiththeCzarina，towhomIcouldnotwellstatethereasonforwhichIwastoleave。
　　TheEquerryhadnotgonelong，whensuddenlyagreatnoisewasheard，thetwowingsofthedoorwereflungopen，andtheCzarentered。HesalutedpolitelytheCzarinaandhercircle；calledmewiththatsmilingandgraciousairwhichhealwayshad；tookmebythearm，andsaidtotheCzarina:’Excuseme，Madam，ifto—nightI
　　carryoffoneofyourguests；itisthisPrussianIhadsearchedforallovertheTown。’TheCzarinalaughed；Imadeheradeepbow，andwentawaywithmyconductor。NextmorningIwenttotheCzarina；who，withoutmentioningwhathadpassedlastnight，saidsmiling，’Comeandsupwithmealwayswhenthereisnothingtopreventit。’"
　　FEBRUARY21st，HORDTATZARSKOE—ZELOE。"OnoccasionoftheCzar’sbirthday[whichgivesusadate，foronce]，[Michaelis，ii。627:
　　"Peterborn，21stFebruary，1728。"]thereweregreatfestivities，lastingaweek。ItbeganwithagrandTEDEUM，atwhichtheCzarwaspresent，butnottheCzarina。Shehad，thatmorning，inobediencetoherhusband’swill，decorated’theCountess’withthecordonoftheOrderofSt。Catharine。ShewasnowdetainedinherApartment’byindisposition；’anddidnotleaveitduringtheeightdaysthefestivitieslasted。"ThishappenedattheCountryPalace，Zarskoe—Zeloe；andisaturning—pointinpoorPeter’sHistory。
　　[Hermann，p。253。]Fromthatday，hisCzarinasawthat，bythemediumofherPeter，itwasnotshethatwouldevercometobeAutocrat；notshe，butapock—marked，unbeautifulPerson，withCordonoftheOrderofSt。Catharine，——blessingsonit！FromthatdaytheCzarinasatbroodingherwrongsandherperils，——wrongsDOUE，verymany，andnowwrongstobeSUFFERED，whocansayhowmany！SheperceivesclearlythattheCzarisgonefromher，fixedlysullenather（notwithoutcause）；——andthatSiberia，orworse，ispossiblebyandby。TheCzarinawashelplesslywretchedforsometime；andbydegreesenteredonaPlot；——assistedbyPrincessDashkof（SisteroftheSnub—nosed），byPanin（ourSon’sTutor，"agenuineSon，Iwillswear，whateverthePapamaythinkinhiswildmoments！"），byGregoryOrlof（one’spresentLover），andothersoflessmark；——anditripenedexquisitelywithinthenextfourmonths！——
　　HORDTHEARSTHEPRAISESOFHISKING。"Nextday[nobodycanguesswhatDAY]IdinedatCourt。IsatoppositetheCzar，whotalkedofnothingbutofhis’goodfriendtheKingofPrussia。’HeknewallthesmallestdetailsofhisCampaigns；allhismilitaryarrangements；thedressandstrengthofallhisRegiments；andhedeclaredaloudthathewouldshortlyputallhistroopsuponthesamefooting[whichhedidshortly，tothegreatdisgustofhistroops]。——Risingfromtable，theCzarhimselfdidmethehonortosay，’Cometo—morrow；dinewithmeENPETITAPPARTEMENT[ontheSNUG，whereweoftenplayhigh—jinks，andgotogreatlengthsinliquorandtobacco]；Iwillshowyousomethingcurious，whichyouwilllike。’Iwentattheaccustomedhour；Ifound——Lieutenant—
　　GeneralWerner[hiddensincehisaccidentatColberglastwinter，whomabeneficentCzarhassummonedagainintothelightofnoon]！
　　ImadeagreatfriendshipwiththisdistinguishedGeneral，whowasacharmingman；andwentconstantlyaboutwithhim，tillheleftmehere，"——CzarishkindnesslettingWernerhome，anddetainingme，tomyregret。[HORDT，i。133—145，151。]
　　ThePrussianTreaties，firstofPeace（May5th），withallourConquestsflungback，andthenofAlliance，withyourselfandourselves，asitwere，flungintothebargain，——werebynomeanssopopularinPetersburgasinBerlin！FromMay5thonwards，wecansupposePetertobe，perhapsratherrapidly，onthedeclininghand。
　　Addthefatalelement，"ChurchinDanger"（aCzarprivatelyApostate）；hisveryGuardsmenindignantattheirtight—fittingPrussianuniforms，andattheirnolesstightPrussianDRILL
　　（whichtheCzarisuncommonlyurgentwith）；andaCzarinaPlotsilentlyspreadingonallsides，likesubterraneanminesfilledwithgunpowder！——
　　HERRBUSCHINGSEESTHECATASTROPHE（Friday，9thJuly，1762）。
　　"ThisbeingthedaybeforePeter—and—Paul，whichisagreatHolidayinPetersburg，Idroveout，between9and10inthemorning，tovisitthesick。OnmywayfromthefirsthousewhereIhadcalled，Iheardadistantnoiselikethatofarisingthunder—storm，andaskedmypeoplewhatitwas。Theydidnotknow；butitappearedtothemliketheShoutingofaMob（VOLKSGESCHREI），andtherewereallsortsofrumorsafloat。Somesaid，’TheCzarhadsuddenlyresolvedtogethimselfcrownedatPetersburg，beforesettingoutfortheWaronDenmark。’Otherssaid，’HehadnamedtheCzarinatobeRegentduringhisabsence，andthatshewastobecrownedforthispurpose。’Theserumorsweretoosilly:meanwhilethenoiseperceptiblydrewnearer；andIorderedmycoachmantoproceednofarther，buttoturnhome。
　　"Ongettinghome，IcalledmyWife；andtoldher，Thatsomethingextraordinarywasthengoingon，butthatIcouldnotlearnwhat；
　　thatitappearedtomelikesomepopularTumult，whichwascomingnearertouseverymoment。Wehurriedtothecornerroomofourhouse；threwopenthewindow，whichlookstotheChurchofSt。MaryofCasan[whereanActofThanksgivinghasjustbeenconsummated，ofaverypeculiarkind！]——andwethensaw，nearthisChurch，aninnumerablecrowdofpeople；dressedandhalf—dressedsoldiersofthefoot—regimentsoftheGuardsmixedwiththepopulace。
　　Weperceivedthatthecrowdpressedroundacommontwo—seatedHackneyCoachdrawnbytwohorses；inwhich，afterafewminutes，aLadydressedinblack，andwearingtheOrderofSt。Catharine，comingoutofthechurch，tookaseat。Whereuponthechurch—bellsbeganringing，andthepriests，withtheirassistantscarryingcrosses，gotintoprocession，andwalkedbeforetheCoach。WenowrecognizedthatitwastheCzarinaCatharinesalutingthemultitudetorightandleft，asshefaredalong。"[Beitrage，vi。465:compareRULHIERE，p。95；HERMANN，v。287。]
　　Yes，Doctor，thatLadyinblackistheCzarina；andhascomeadriveoftwentymilesthismorning；anddoneagreatdealofbusinessinTown，——onedaybeforethesettime。InherremoteApartmentatPeterhof，thismorning，between2and3，sheawoketoseeAlexeiOrlof，calledoftenerSCARREDOrlof（LoverGREGORY’S
　　Brother），kneelingatherbedside，withthewords，"Madam，youmustcome:thereisnotamomenttolose！"——who，seeingherawake，vanishedtogetthevehiclesready。About7，she，withtheScarredandhermaidandavaletortwo，arrivedattheGuards’Barrackshere，——GregoryOrlof，andothersconcerned，waitingtoreceiveher，inthefittemperforplayingatsharps。Shehasspokenalittle，weptalittle，totheGuards（stillonlyhalf—dressed，manyofthem）:"Holyreligion，RussianEmpirethrownatthefeetofPrussia；mypoorSontobedisinherited:Alack，ohoo！"
　　WhereupontheGuards（theirOfficersalreadygainedbyOrlof）haveindignantlyblazedupintothefitHurra—hurra—ing:——andhere，sinceabout9A。M。，wehavejustbeeninthe"ChurchofSt。MaryofCasan"（"Oh，myfriends，OrthodoxReligion，firstofall！"）doingTE—DEUMSandtheotherDivineOffices，forthethrice—happyRevolutionandDeliverancenowvouchsafedusandyou！AndtheHerrDoctor，underoutburstofthechimesofSt。Mary，andofthejubilantSoldieriesandPopulations，seestheCzarinasalutingtorightandleft；andPriests，withtheirassistantsandcrucifixes（"Beholdthem，yeOrthodox；isthereanythingequaltotrueReligion？"），walkingbeforeherHackneyCoach。
　　"OntheonestepofherCoach，"continuestheHerrDoctor，"stoodGrigoreiGrigorjewitshOrlow，"sohespellshim，"andinfrontofit，withdrawnsword，rodetheField—marshalandHetmanCountKirilaGrigorjewitshRasomowski，ColoneloftheIsmailowGuard。
　　Lieutenant—General（soontobeGeneral—Ordnance—Master）Villeboiscamegallopingup；leaptfromhishorseunderourwindows，andplacedhimselfontheotherstepoftheCoach。Theprocessionpassedbeforeourhouse；goingfirsttotheNewstonePalace，thentotheOldwoodenWinterPalace。CommonRussiansshoutedmockinglyuptous，’Yourgod[meaningtheCzar]isdead！’Andothers，’Heisgone；wewillhavenomoreofhim！’"——
　　Aboutthishouroftheday，atOranienbaum（ORANGE—TREE，sometwentymilesfromhere，andfromPeterhofguesstenortwelve），CzarPeterisdrillingzealouslyhisbraveHolsteiners（2，000ormore，"theflowerofallmytroops"）；andhasnot，forhoursafter，theleastinklingofallthis。CatharinehadbeenacrosstovisithimonWednesday，nofartherback；andhadkindledOranienbaumintoopera，intoilluminationandwhatnot。Thursday（yesterday），CzarandCzarinametatsomeGrandee’sfestivity，wholivesbetweentheirtwoResidences。ThisdaytheCzarisappointedforPeterhof；
　　to—morrow，July10th（Peter—and—Paul’sgrandHoliday），Czar，CzarinaandunitedCourtweretohavedonetheFestivitiestogetherthere，——withCzarina’spowder—mineofPlotlaidunderthem；
　　whichlatterhasexplodedonedaysooner，inthepresenthappymanner！ThepoorCzar，thisday，ongettingtoPeterhof，andfindingCzarinavanished，understoodtoowell；hesaw"bigsmoke—
　　cloudsrisesuddenlyoverPetersburgregion，"withal，——"Ha，shehascannongoingforheryonder；salvoingandhomaging！"——andrushedbacktoOranienbaumhalfmad。OldMunnichundertooktosavehim，byone，bytwooreventhreedifferentmethods，"Onlyorderme，andstanduptoitwithswordbare！"——butPeter’switswereallflyingmiscellaneouslyabout，andhecouldresolveonnothing。
　　PeterandhisCzarinanevermetmore。Saturday（to—morrow），heabdicates；drivesovertoPeterhof，expecting，asperbargain，interviewwithhisWife；freedomtoretiretoHolstein，and"everysortofkindnesscompatiblewithhissituation:"butismetthereinstead，onthestaircase，bybrutalpeople，whoteartheordersoffhiscoat，atlengththeveryclothesoffhisback，——andpackhimawaytoRopscha，aquietVillasomemilesoff，tositsilenttheretillOrlofandCompanyhaveconsidered。Considerationis:
　　"ToHolstein？HehasanAnti—DanishRussianArmyjustnowinthatneighborhood；hewillnotbesafeinHolstein；——wherewillhebesafe？"Saturday，17th，Peter’sseventhdayinRopscha，theOrlofs（ScarredOrlofandFourothermiscreants，oneofthemaPrince，oneaPlay—actor）cameover，andmurderedpoorPeter，inatreacherous，andevenbunglinganddisgusting，andaltogetherhideousmanner。
　　"Aglassofburgundy[poisonedburgundy]，yourHighness？"saidthey，atdinnerwithhispoorHighness。Onthebackofwhich，theburgundyhavingfailedandbeenfoundout，camegrapplingandhauling，trampling，shrieking，andatlaststrangulation。
　　SurelytheDevilwillrewardsuchaFiveofhisElect？——ButwedetainHerrBusching:itisstillonlyFridaymorning，9thofthemonth；andtheCzarina’sHackneyCoach，inthemannerofacometandtail，hasjustgoneintootherstreets:——
　　"Afterthisterribleuproarhadleftourquarter，IhastenedtotheDanishAmbassador，CountHaxthausen，wholivednearme，tobringhimtheimportantnewsthattheCzarwassaidtobedead。TheCountwasjustabouttoburnamassofPapers，fearingthemobwouldplunderhishouse；buthedidnotproceedwithitnow，andthankedHeavenforsavinghisCountry。HisSecretaryofLegation，myfriendSchumacher，gavemeallthemoneyhehadinhispockets，todistributeamongstthepoor；andIreturnedhome。Directlyafter，therepassedourhouse，atarateasifthehorseswererunningaway，acommontwo—horsecoach，inwhichsatHead—Tutor（OBER—
　　HOFMEISTER）vonPaninwiththeGrandDuke[famousCzarPaulthatistobe]，whowasstillinhisnightgown，"poorfrightenedlittleboy！——
　　"Notlongafter，IsawsomeoftheFoot—guards，inthepublicstreetneartheWinterPalace，selling，atratesdog—cheap，theirnewuniformsafterthePrussiancut，whichtheyhadstriptoff；
　　whilstothers，singingmerrily，carriedabout，stuckonthetopoftheirmuskets，orontheirbayonets，theirnewgrenadiercapsofPrussianfashion。[SeeinHERMANN（v。291）theSaxonAmbassador’sReport。]Isawseveralsoldiers，，outonerrandorotherwise，seizingthecoachestheymetinthestreets，anddrivingoninthem。Othersappropriatedtheeatableswhichhucksterscarriedaboutinbaskets。Butinallthiswildtumult，nobodywaskilled；
　　andonlyatOranienbaumafewHolsteinsoldiersgotwoundedbysomelowRussians，intheirwantonness。
　　"July11th，thedisorderamongstthesoldierswasatitsheight；
　　yetstillmuchlessthanmighthavebeenexpected。ManyofthementeredthehousesofForeigners，anddemandedmoney。Seeinganumberofthemcomeintomyhouse，Ihastilyputaquantityofroublesandhalf—roublesinmypocket，andwentoutwithaservant，especiallywithacheerfulface，tomeetthem，"——andnoharmwasdone。
　　"SATURDAY，JULY17th，wasthedayoftheCzar’sdeath；onthesame17th，theEmpresswasinformedofit；andnextday，hisbodywasbroughtfromRopschatotheConventofSt。AlexanderNewski，nearPetersburg。Hereitlayinstatethreedays；nay，anImperialManifestoevenorderedthatthelasthonorsanddutybepaidtoit。
　　July20th，IdrovethitherwithmyWife；andtobeabletoviewthebodymoreminutely，wepassedtwicethroughtheroomwhereitlay。
　　[Anuncommonlybroadneckclothonit，didyouobserve？]Owingtotherapiddissolution，ithadtobeinterredonthefollowingday:
　　——anditwasatouchingcircumstance，thatthishappenedtobetheverydayonwhichtheCzarhadfixedtostartfromPetersburgonhisCampaignagainstDenmark。"[Busching，vi。464—467。]
　　Catharine，onemustownwithashudder，hasnotattainedtheAutocracyofAlltheRussiasgratis。Letushopeshewouldonce——
　　tilldrivenuponadirealternative——haveherselfshudderedtopurchaseatsuchaprice。Akindofhorrorhauntsone’snotionofherred—handedbrazen—facedOrlofsandher，whichallthecosmeticsoftheworldwillneverquitecover。Andyet，onthespot，inPetersburgatthemoment——！ReadthisClippingfromSmelfungus，onacollateraltopic:——
　　"InBUSCHING’SMAGAZINEaresomeLove—lettersfromtheoldMarshalMunnichtoCatharinejustafterthisevent，whicharepsychologicallycurious。Love—letters，fortheypartakeofthatcharacter；thoughthemanis82，andhashadsuchbreakagesandvicissitudesinthisEarth。Aliveyet，itwouldseem；andfullofambitions。UnspeakablybeautifulisthisyoungWomantohim；
　　radiantasox—eyedJuno，asDianaofthesilverbow，——suchapowerinhertogratifytheavarices，ambitions，cupiditiesofaninsatiableoldfellow:OdivineyoungEmpress，AuroraofbrightSummerepochs，rosy—fingereddaughteroftheSun，——grantmethegoverningofThis，theadministeringofThat:andseewhatathingIwillmakeofit（I，aninventiveoldgentleman），foryourMajesty’shonorandglory，andmyownadvantage！[Busching，MagazinfurdieneueHistorieundGeographie
　　（Halle，Year1782），xvi。413—477（22LETTERS，andonlythriceorsoawordofRESPONSEfrom"MADIVINITE:"dates，"Narva，4thAugust，1762"……"Petersburg，3dOctober，1762"）。]——InnumerablepersonsoflessnotethanMunnichhavetheirBiographies，andareknowntothereadingpublicandinallbarbers’—shops，ifthatwereanadvantagetothem。Veryconsiderable，thisMunnich，asasoldier，foronething。Andsurelyhadverystrangeadventures；anoriginalGermancharacterwithal:——aboutthestatureofBelleisle，forexample；
　　andnotquiteunlikeBelleisleinsomeofhisways？CameoriginallyfromtheswampsofOldenburg，orLowerWeserCountry，——sonofaDEICHGRAFE（Ditch—Superintendent）there。REQUIESCANTinoblivioussilence，Belleisleandhe；itisbetterthanbeingliedof，andmaunderedof，andblotchedandblunderedof。
　　"Biographieswereoncerhythmic，earnestasdeathoraslife，earnestastranscendenthumanInsightrisentotheSingingpitch；
　　someHomer，naysomePsalmistorEvangelist，spokesmanofreverentPopulations，wastheBiographer。Rhythmic，WITHexactitude，investigationtotheverymarrow；this，orelseoblivion，Biographyshouldnow，andatalltimes，be；butisnot，——byanymannerofmeans。Withwhatresultsisvisibleenough，ifyouwilllook！
　　HumanStupor，fallenintothedishonest，lazyandUNfloggedcondition，istrulyanawfulthing。"
　　CatharinedidnotpersistinherAnti—Prussiandetermination。
　　July9th，theManifestohadbeenindignantlyemphaticonPrussia；
　　July22d，inaNotetoGoltzfromtheCzarina，itwasallwithdrawnagain。[Rodenbeck，ii。171。]LookingintothedeceasedCzar’sPapers，shefoundthatFriedrich’sLetterstohimhadcontainednothingofwrongoroffensive；alwaysexcellentadvices，onthecontrary，——advice，amongothers，Tobeconciliatorytohisclever—
　　wittedWife，andtomakeherhisally，nothisopponent，inlivingandreigning。InKonigsberg（July16th，sevendaysafterJuly9th），theRussianGovernor，justonthepointofquitting，emittedProclamation，toeverybody’shorror:"No；altered，allthat；
　　underpainofdeath，yourOathtoRussiastillvalid！"Whichforthenexttendays，ortillhisnewproclamation，madesuchaKonigsbergofitasmaybeimagined。ThesightofthoseLettersisunderstoodtohaveturnedthescale；whichhadhungwaveringtillJuly22dintheCzarina’smind。"Canitbegood，"shemightprivatelythinkwithal，"tobeginourreignbykindlingafoolishWaragain？"HowFriedrichreceivedthenewsofJuly9th，andintowhatacrisisitthrewhim，weshallsoonsee。HisCampaignhadbegunJuly1st；——andhasbeensummoningushome，intoITShorizon，forsometime。
　　ChapterXI。
　　SEVENTHCAMPAIGNOPENS。
　　Freidrich’splanofCampaignissettledlongsince:RecaptureSchweidnitz；clearSilesiaoftheenemy；SilesiaandallourownDominionsclear，wecanthenstandfencibleagainsttheAustrianperseverances。Peace，oneday，theymustgrantus。ThegeneraltideofEuropeanthingsischangedbytheseoccurrencesinPetersburgandLondon。Peaceisevidentlynear。FranceandEnglandareagainbeginningtonegotiate；noPittnowtoberigorous。ThetideofWarhasbeenwaveringatitssummitfortwoyearspast；andnow，withthisofRussia，andthisofButeinsteadofPitt，thereisebbeverywhere，andallEuropedeterminingforpeace。Steadyatthehelm，asheretofore，aFriedrich，withtheworld—currentinhisfavor，mayhopetogethomeafterall。
　　AustrianHead—quartershadbeenatWaldenburg，underLoudonorhisLieutenants，allWinter。LoudonreturnedthitherfromViennaApril7th；butisnottocommandinchief，thisYear，——Schweidnitzstillstickinginsomepeople’sthroats:"Dangerous；amanwithsuchrashpractices，rapiditiesandPandourtendencies！"DaunistocommandinSilesia；Loudon，underhim，obscuretoushenceforth，andinoffensivetoOfficialpeople。ReichsArmyshalltakechargeofSaxony；nominallyaReichsArmy，thoughthereare35，000Austriansinit，asthesoulofit，undersomeSerbelloni，someStollbergasChief——（thefact，Ibelieve，is:Serbellonigotangrilydisplacedonthat"crossingoftheMuldabyPrinceHenri，May13th；"
　　PrinceofZweibruckhadangrilyabdicatedayearbefore；andaPrincevonStollbergisnowGeneralissimoofReichandAllies:
　　butitisnokindofmatter），——someStollberg，withSerbelloni，Haddick，Maguireandsuchlikeinsubalternplaces。CunctatorDaun，inspiteofhislatesleepyways，istobeHead—managain:
　　thissurelyisacheeringcircumstancetoFriedrich；Loudon，notDaun，beingtheonlymanheevergotmuchillofhitherto。
　　DaunarrivesinWaldenburg，May9th；andtoshowthatheisnotcunctatory，stepsoutwithinaweekafter。May15th，hehasdescendedfromhisMountains；hassweptroundbythebackandbythefrontofSchweidnitz，farandwide，intothePlainCountry，andencampedhimselfcrescent—wise，manymilesinlength，Head—quarterneartheZobtenberg。BentfondlyroundSchweidnitz；meaning，asisevident，todefendSchweidnitzagainstallcomers，——hisverypositionsymbolicallyintimating:"Iwillfightforit，PrussianMajesty，ifyoulike！"
　　PrussianMajesty，however，seemedtotakenonoticeofhim；
　　and，whatwasverysurprising，kepthisoldquarters:
　　"aCantonment，orChainofPosts，tenmileslong；SchweidnitzWateronhisrightflank，Oderonhisleft；"perfectlysafe，asheperceives，beingabletoassembleinfourhours，ifDauntryanything。[Tempelhof，vi。66。]And，infact，satthere，anddidnotcomeintotheFieldatallforfiveweeksormore；——waitingtillCzernichef’s20，000arrive，whoareonmarchfromThornsinceJune2d。Meresmall—wargoesonintheinterim；worldgettingallgreenerandflowerier；theGlatzHighlands，toone’sleftyonder（Owl—Mountains，EULENGEBIRGEsocalled），lyingmagicallyblueandmysterious:——onthePlaininfrontofthem，tenmilesfromthefinalpeaksofthem，isSchweidnitzFortress，lyingfullinview，withapickedGarrisonof12，000underapickedCaptain，andallelseofdefenceorimpregnability；andFriedrichprivatelydeterminedtotakeit，thoughbymethodsofhisownchoosing，andwhichcannotcommencetillCzernichefcome。Daun，withhisrightwing，hasholdofthoseHighlandRegions，andcautiouslyguardsthem；can，whenhepleases，wendbacktoWaldenburgCountry；andatonce，withhissuperiornumbers，blockallpassages，andsitthereimpregnable。ThemethodsofdislodginghimareobscuretoFriedrichhimself；butmethodstheremustbe，dislodgedhemustbe，andsentpacking。Withoutthat，allsiegeofSchweidnitzisflatlyimpossible。
　　June27th，Friedrich’sHead—quarterisTintz，Czernichefnownigh:
　　[Tempelhof，vi。76。]twodaysago（June25th），Czernichef’sCossacks"crossedtheOderatAuras，"——withhowdifferentobjectsfromthosetheyusedtohave！JULY1st，Czernichefhimselfishere，infulltaleandequipment。Hadencamped，adayago，ontheFieldofLissa；whereMajestyreviewedhim，inspectedandmanoeuvredhim，withgreatmutualsatisfaction。"FieldofLissa；"itiswhereourpoorPrussianpeopleencampedonthenightofLeuthen，withtheir"NUNDANKETALLEGOTT，"fiveyearsago，inmemorablecircumstances:
　　towhatvarioususesareEarth’sFieldsliable！
　　Friedrich，bydegrees，hasconsiderablychangedhisopinion，andbenttowardsthelateKeith’s，aboutRussianSoldiery:aSoldieryofmostvariouskinds；frompredatoryCossacksandCalmuckstothosenobleGrenadiers，whomwesawsitdownontheWallsofSchweidnitzwhentheirworkwasdone。Aperfectlysteadyobedienceisinthesemen；atanyandalltimesobedient，tothedeathifneedful，andwithasilence，withasteadfastnessasofrocksandgravitation。Whichisasuperlativequalityinsoldiers。GoodinNationstoo，withinlimits；andmuchadistinctionintheRussianNation:rare，oralmostunique，intheseunrulyTimes。TheRussianshaveprivatelyhadtheiradmirationsofFriedrich，allthiswhile；
　　andcalledhimbyIforgetwhatunpronounceablevernacularepithet，signifying"SonofLightning，"orsomesuchthing。
　　[Buchholz，NeuestePreussisch—BrandenburgischeGeschichte（1775），volii。（pageirrecoverable）。]Nodoubttheyareproudtohaveastrokeofserviceundersuchaone，sinceFatherPeterFeodorowitshgraciouslyordersit:theveryCossacksshowanalertness，avivacity；andseecheerypossibilitiesahead，inCountriesnotyetplunderedout。TheystayedwithFriedrichonlyThreeWeeks，——RussiabeinganuncertainCountry。Aswehaveseenabove；thoughFriedrich，whoisvitallyconcerned，hasnotyetseen！Buttheirjunctionwithhim，andreviewbyhimintheFieldofLissa，haditsusesbyandby；andmaybecountedanepochinRussianHistory，ifnothingmore。ThepoorRussianNation，mostpitiableofloyalNations，——strugglingpatientlyahead，onthosebadterms，undersuchCATINSandfoulNightmares，——hasit，shallwesay，quitegonewithoutconquestinthismadWar？Perhaps，notquite。IthasatleastshownEuropethatitpossessesfightingqualities:achangedNation，sinceKarlXII。beatthemeasily，atNarva，8，000to80，000，inthesnowymorning，longsince！——
　　Czernichefoncecome，andinhisplaceintheCampofTintz，businessinstantlybegins，——business，andapressofit，inrightearnest；——uponthehithertoidleDaun。July1st，thereisgeneralcomplexAdvanceeverywhereonFriedrich’spart；generalattempttowardstheMountains。UponwhichDaun，wellawake，atoncerollsuniversallythitherwardagain；takespostinfrontoftheMountains，——ontheHeightsofKunzendorf，towit（Loudon’soldpostinBunzelwitztime）；—andelaboratelyspreadshimselfoutindefencethere。"Takehimmultifariouslybytheleftflank，getbetweenhimandhisMagazineatBraunau！"thinksFriedrich。Discoveringwhich，DaunstraightwayhitchesbackintotheMountainsaltogether，leavingKunzendorftoFriedrich’suseasmaincamp。HisoutmostAustrians，ontheedgeoftheMountainCountry，andbackasfarassuitable，Daunelaboratelyposts；andintrencheshimselfbehindtheminallthecommandingpoints，——Schweidnitzstillwellinsight；andBraunauandtheroadstoitwellcapableofbeingguarded。Daun’sHead—quarterisTannhausen；Burkersdorf，Ludwigsdorf，ifreaderscanrememberthem，arefrontwardposts:——inhisoldimperturbablewayDaunsitstherewaitingevents。
　　Andfornearthreeweeksthereensuesaverymultiplexseriesofrapidmovements，andalarmingdemonstrations，onDaun’sfront，onDaun’srightflank；withseriousextensiveeffort（maskedinthatway）toturnDaun’sleftflank，andpushroundbyLandshutCountryuponBohemiaandBraunau。EffortveryseriousindeedonthatLandshutside:conductedatfirstbyFriedrichinperson，withGeneralWied（calledalsoNEUwied，amanofmarksinceLiegnitztime）assecondunderhim；latterlybyWiedhimself，asFriedrichfounditgrowingdubiousorhopeless。ThatwasFriedrich’sfirstnotionoftheDaunproblem。Therearerapidmarcheshere，there，roundthatwesternorleftflankofDaun；suddenspurtsoffiercefighting，oftenestwithastiffclimbaspreliminary:butnottheleastrealsuccessonDaun。Daunperfectlycomprehendswhatisonfoot；refusestotakeshineforsubstance；standsmassed，orgrouped，athisownskilfuljudgment，intheproperpointsforBraunau，stillmoreforSchweidnitz；andisveryvigilantandimperturbable。
　　KunzendorfHeights，whicharenotoftheHills，butinfrontofthem，withastripofflatstillintervening；——these，wesaid，Daunhadatoncequitted:andthesearenowFriedrich’s；——butyieldhimaverycomplexprospectatpresent。AlineofopposingHeights，Burkersdorf，Ludwigsdorf，Leuthmannsdorf，bristlingwithabundantcannon；behindisthemultiplexseaofHills，risinghigherandhigher，totheridgeoftheEulenberginGlatzCountry10or12
　　milessouthward:Daun，withforcesmuchsuperior，calmlylordofallthat；infinitelyneedingtobeousted，couldonebutsayhow！
　　FriedrichbeginstoperceivethatBraunauwillnotdo；thathemustcontrivesomeotherplan。GeneralWiedhestillleavestoprosecutetheBraunauscheme:perhapsthereisstillsomechanceinit；
　　atlowestitwillkeepDaun’sattentionthitherward。AndWiedperseveresuponBraunau；andBraunauprovingimpossible，pushespastitdeeperintoBohemia，Daunloftilyregardlessofhim。
　　Wied’smarchesandattemptswereofapprovedquality；
　　thoughunsuccessfulinthewayofstirringDaun。Wied’sLighttroopswentscouringalmostasfarasPrag，——especiallya500
　　Cossacksthatwerewithhim，followingtheiroldfashion，inanewCountry。TothehorrorofAustria；whoshriekedloudly，feelingtheminherownbowels；thoughsoquietwhiletheywereinotherpeople’sonherscore。Thisofthe500CossacksunderWied，ifthiswereanything，wasallofactualworkthatFriedrichhadfromhisCzernichefAllies；——nothingmoreofrealoractualwhiletheystayed，thoughsomethingofimaginaryorostensiblewhichhaditsimportance，asweshallsee。
　　Friedrich，inthethirdweek，recallsWied:"Braunauclearlyimpossible；onlyletusstillkeepupappearances！"July18th，WiedisinKunzendorfCountryagain；onanimportantnewenterprise，ormethodwiththeDaunProblem，inwhichWiedistobearaprincipalhand。Thatistosay，ThediscomfitureandoverturnofDaun’srightwing，ifwecan，——sincehislefthasprovedimpossible。ThiswastheSTORMINGOFBURKERSDORFHEIGHTS；Friedrich’snewplan。
　　Whichdidprovesuccessful，andisstillfamousintheAnnalsofWar:reckonedbyalljudgesabeautifulplan，beautifullyexecuted，andoncemoreawonderfulachievingofwhatseemedtheimpossible，whenithadbecometheindispensable。OneofFriedrich’sprettiestfeats；andthelastofhisnotableperformancesinthisWar。
　　Readersoughtnottobeleftwithoutsomeshadowyauthenticnotionofit；thoughtherealportraitureorimage（whichisachievabletoo，afterlongstudy）isfortheprofessionalsoldieronly，——forwhomTEMPELHOF，goodmapsandplentyofpatiencearetherecipe。
　　"ThesceneistheWallofHeights，runningeastandwest，paralleltoFriedrich’sPositionatKunzendorf；whichformtheFace，ordecisivebeginning，ofthatMountainGlacisspreadinguptenmilesfarther，towardsGlatzCountry。They，theseHeightscalledofBurkersdorf，areineffectDaun’srightwing；vitallyprecioustoDaun，whohastakeneverypainsaboutthem。BurkersdorfHeight（orHeights，fortherearetwo，dividedbytheBrookWeistritz；butweshallneglecttheeasternorlower，whichisruledbytheother，andstandsorfallsalongwithit），BurkersdorfHeightistheprincipal:aHillofsomemagnitude（shortwaysouthoftheVillageofBurkersdorf，whichalsoisDaun’s）；Hillfallingrathersteepdown，ontwoofitssides，namelyonthenorthside，whichistowardsFriedrichandKunzendorf，andontheeastside，whereWeistritzWater，asyetonlyaBrook，gushesoutfromtheMountains，——hasteningtowardsSchweidnitzorSchweidnitzWater；
　　towardsLissaandLeuthenCountry，wherewehaveseenitonanimportantnight。Weistritz，atthispart，hasscarpedtheeasternflankofBurkersdorfHeight；andmadeforitselfapleasantlittleValleythere:thisistheonePassintotheMountains。AValleyoflevelbottom；whereDaunhasaterrifictrenchandsunkbatterylevelwiththeground，capableofsweepingtodestructionwhoeverenterstherewithoutleave。
　　"EastfromBurkersdorfLesserHeight（whichweneglectforthepresent），andalittlefartherinwardsorsouth，areTwootherHeights:LudwigsdorfandLeuthmannsdorf；whichalsoneedcapture，asadjunctsofBurkersdorf，orsecondlinetoBurkersdorf；andareabundantlydifficult，thoughnotsosteepasBurkersdorf。
　　"TheEnterprise，therefore，dividesitselfintotwo。WiedistodotheLudwigsdorf—Leuthmannsdorfpart；Mollendorf，theBurkersdorf。
　　Thestrengthofgunsintheseplaces，especiallyonBurkersdorf，——
　　weknowDaun’shabitinthatparticular；andneedsaynothing。
　　Man—devouringbatteries，abatis；battalionspalisadedtotheteeth，’thepalesstrongasmasts，androomonlyforamusket—barrelbetween；’nay，theyare’furnishedwithalathorcross—strapallalong，forrestingyourgun—barrelonandtakingaim:’——socarefulisDaun。Thegrounditselfisintricate，inpartsimpracticablysteep；everywherefullofbushes，gnarlsandimpediments。
　　Seldomwastheresuchaproblemaltogether！Friedrich’sposition，aswesay，isKunzendorfHeights，withSchweidnitzandhisoldgroundofBunzelwitztorear，Czernichefandotherslyingthere，andWurbenandtheoldVillagesandHeightsagainoccupiedasposts:——whatataleofEgyptianbrickshasonetobake，yourMajesty，oncertainfieldsofthisworld；andwithsuchinsufficiencyofraw—materialsometimes！"
　　Bythe16thofJuly，Friedrich’splansarecomplete。Contrived，I
　　mustsay，withaveracityandopulentpotencyofintellect，flashingclearintothematter，andyetcarefulofthesmallestpracticaldetail。FRIDAY，17th，Mollendorf，withmenandfurniturescomplete，circlesoffnorthwestwardbyWurben（forthebenefitofcertainon—lookers），butwillhavecircledroundtoBurkersdorfneighborhoodtwodayshence；bywhichtimealsoWiedwillbequietlyinhisplacethereabouts，withaviewtobusinessonthe20thand21st。Mollendorf，Wiedandeverything，areprosperouslyunderwayinthismanner，——when，ontheafternoonofthatsameFriday，17th，[CompareTempelhof，vi。99，andRodenbeck，ii。164。]
　　Czernichefstepsover，mostprivately，tohead—quarters:withwhatabitofnews！"ARevolutioninPetersburg[JULY9th，aswesawabove，orasHerrBuschingsaw]；CzarPeter，——yourMajesty’sadorer，isdethroned，perhapsmurdered；yourMajesty’senemies，inthenameofCzarinaCatharine，ordermeinstantlyhomewardwithmy20，000！"Thisistruenews，thisofCzernichef。Amostunexpected，overwhelmingRevolutioninthoseNorthernParts；——notneedingtobefarthertoucheduponinthisplace。
　　Whathereconcernsusis，Friedrich’sfeelingsonhearingofit；
　　whichnoreadercannowimagine。Horror，amazement，pity，verypoignant；griefforone’shaplessfriendPeter，forone’sstillmorehaplessself！"TheSisyphusstone，whichwehadgotdraggedtothetop，thechainsallbeautifullyslackthesethreemonthspast，——hasitleaptawayagain？AndontheeveofBurkersdorf，andourgrandDaunproblem！"Truly，theDestinieshavebeenquitedramaticwiththisKing，andhavecontrivedthemomentofhittinghimtotheheart。HepassionatelyentreatsCzernicheftobehelpfultohim，——
　　whichCzernichefwouldfainbe，onlyhowcanhe？Tobehelpful；
　　atleasttokeepthematterabsolutelysecretyetforsomehours:
　　thistheobligingCzernichefwilldo。AndFriedrichremains，Czernichefhavingpromisedthis，inthethroesofdesperateconsiderationanduncertainty，hourafterhour，——howmanyhoursI
　　donotknow。Itisconfidentlysaid，[Retzow，ii。415。]FriedrichhadthethoughtofforciblydisarmingCzernichefandhis20，000:——
　　inwhichcasehemusthavegivenuptheDaunEnterprise；
　　forwithoutCzernichefasapositivequantity，muchmorewithCzernichefasanegative，itisimpossible。But，atanyrate，mostluckilyforhimself，hecameuponamilderthought:"Staywithusyetthreedays，merelyinthesemblanceofAllies，noservicerequiredofyou，butkeepingthematteradeadsecret；——onthefourthdaygo，withmyeternalthanks！"Thisishismilderproposal；urgedwithhisbesteffortsupontheobligingCzernichef:
　　whoisinhugedifficulty，andseesittobeatperilofhishead，butgenerouslyconsents。ItisthesameCzernichefwhogotlodgedinCustrincellars，ononeoccasion:know，OKing，——theKing，beforethis，doesbegintoknow，——thatRussianstoocanhavesomethingofheroic，andcanrecognizeaherowhentheyseehim！
　　InthisfinewaydoesFriedrichgetthefrightfulchasm，orsuddengapofthegroundunderhim，bridgedoverforthemoment；
　　andproceedsuponBurkersdorfallthesame。